① 英语主谓一致问题
coal当做【煤】不可复数制
一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数.
There is much water in the thermos.
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式.
Ten thousand tons of coal were proced last year.
② 英语写作常见语法错误，比如run on sentence,misplaced/dangling modifier,wordy expression等
英语写作常见语法错误
1.主谓不一致
Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. (误)
Some think that reading should be selective. (正)
My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (误)
My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)
2.句子成分残缺不全
We always working till late at night before taking exams。(误)
We are always working /We always work till late at night before taking exams(正)
We should read books may be useful to us. (误)
We should read books which may be useful to us. (正)
3.句子成分多余
This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (误)
One test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)
The driver of the red car was died on the spot. (误)
The driver of the red car died on the spot. (正)
4.词类混淆
It is my point that reading must be selectively. (误)
In my opinion, reading must be selective. (正)
Honest is so important for everyperson. (误)
Honesty is so important for everyone. (正)
5.动词时态、语态的误用
I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. (误)
I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (正)
We have little time to read some books which we interest. (误)
We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (正)
③ 英语句子语法问题，主谓不一致貌似
因为主语来为The application of electronic controls and computer storage ,是and 连接的并源列主语,因此谓动用have multiplied .
made possible by the microprocessor 是过去分词做定语修饰The application of electronic controls
句意: 电脑储存和由于电子微处理机得以实现的电控运用成倍的增加了现代打字机的功能。
④ 英语写作要注意的几种情况：常见的10个句子错误
Incomplete Sentence - Sentence Fragment
句子不完整——残缺句
One common mistake many students make is the use of incomplete sentences. Each sentence in English must contain at least a subject and a verb, and should be an independent clause. Examples of incomplete sentences without a subject or a verb might include an instruction or a prepositional phrase.
许多学生都会犯一个常见的错误，就是写出来的句子不完整。英语中，每个句子都必须至少有一个主语，一个动词，并单独成句。没有主语或动词的残缺句子可能就只有表示指令的句子或者介词短语了。
For example:
例如：
Through the door.
穿过大门。
In the other room.
在另一个房间。
Over there.
在那里。
These are phrases we may use in spoken English, but that should not be used in written English as they are incomplete.
在英语口语中，你可能会用到这些短语，但是因为它们毕竟不是完整的英语句子，所以在书面语言中，我们一般不会使用。
Sentence fragments caused by dependent clauses used without an independent clause are more common. Remember that subordinating conjunctions introce dependent clauses. In other words, if you use a subordinating clause beginning with a word such as 'because, though, if, etc.' there must be an independent clause to complete the thought. This mistake is often made on tests asking a question with 'Why'.
由于缺乏独立分句的从属子句导致的句子残缺很常见。记住，从属连词引出了从属子句。也就是说，如果你用一些词语来引出从句，例如because，though，if等等，就必须要有一个独立分句来使句子完整。我们在考试中，使用why来提出问题时，经常会犯这样的错误。
For example, the sentences:
例如，下面这个句子：
Because Tom is the boss.
因为汤姆就是老板。
Since he left work early without permission.
自从他不经允许就早退。
We might answer the question: "Why did he lose his job?" However, these are sentence fragments. The correct answer would be:
我们可能会问：“他为什么丢掉工作?”但是，这些句子都是不完整的。正确用法应该是：
He lost his job because Tom is the boss.
因为汤姆就是老板，所以他丢掉了工作。
He lost his job since he left work early without permission.
他因为不经允许就早退而丢掉了工作。
Other examples of incomplete sentences introced by subordinating clauses include:
其他关于从属子句的残缺句还包括下面内容：
Even though he needs help.
虽然他需要帮助
If they study enough.
如果他们好好学习
As they had invested in the company.
因为他们投资了这家公司
Run-on Sentences
句子不连贯
Run-on sentences are sentences that:
不连贯句子指的是：
1) are not connected by appropriate linking language such as conjunctions
缺乏合适的连接词，例如连词。
2) use too many clauses rather than using periods and linking language such as conjunctive adverbs
使用过多的从句，而非句号和连接语，例如连接副词
The first type leaves out a word - usually a conjunction - that is required to connect a dependent and independent clause. For example:
第一种是漏掉了一个词——通常是连接词——用于连接非独立子句和独立子句。
The students did well on the test they didn't study very much.
学生们考得很好他们没有下多少功夫。
Anna needs a new car she spent the weekend visiting car dealerships.
安娜想买辆新车她整个周末都在约见代理商。
The first sentence should use either a conjunction 'but', or 'yet' or a subordinating conjunction 'although, even though, or though' to connect the sentence. In the second sentence, the conjunction 'so' or the subordinating conjunction 'since, as, or because' would connect the two clauses.
第一句话要么应该加上一个连词but，要么加上yet，或者一个从属连词although, even though或though来连接前后两句。
The students did well, yet they didn't study very much.
学生们考得很好，但他们并没有下多少功夫。
Anna spent the weekend visiting car dealerships since she needs a new car.
因为想买辆新车，安娜整个周末都在约见代理商。
Another common run on sentence occurs when using too many clauses. This often occurs using the word 'and'.
另一种句子不连贯发生在使用太多从句的时候。常常是由于and一词导致。
We went to the store and bought some fruit, and we went to the mall to get some clothes, and we had lunch at McDonald's, and we visited some friends.
我们去商店买了一些水果，去购物商城买了一些衣服，在麦当劳吃的午饭，又见了一些朋友。
The continuous chain of clauses using 'and' should be avoided. In general, do not write sentences that contain more than three clauses to ensure that your sentences do not become run-on sentences.
我们应该避免使用and来连接一大串的从句。一般来说，从句不要超过三个，以确保句子的连贯性。
Duplicate Subjects
两个主语
Sometimes students use a pronoun as a plicate subject.
有时候，学生们会将代词作为第二个主语。
Remember that each clause takes only one sentence. If you have mentioned the subject of a sentence by name, there is no need to repeat with a pronoun.
记住，每个从句只需要一句话。如果之前你已经提到主语的名字，就不需要再用代词重复了。
Example 1:
例一：
Tom lives in Los Angeles.
汤姆住在洛杉矶。
NOT
而不是
Tom, he lives in Lost Angeles.
汤姆，他住在旧金山。
Example 2:
例二：
The students come from Vietnam.
学生们来自越南。
NOT
而不是
The students they come from Vietnam.
学生们他们来自越南。
Incorrect Tense
时态错误
Tense usage is a common mistake in student writing. Make sure that the tense used corresponds to the situation. In other words, if you are speaking about something that happened in the past do not use include a tense that refers to the present. For example:
时态错误在学生写作中很常见。你要确保时态与事情发生的情况一致。也就是说，如果你要表达的是发生在过去的事，就不要使用现在时态。例如：
They fly to visit their parents in Toronto last week.
上周他们坐飞机去看望父母。
Alex bought a new car and drives it to her home in Los Angeles.
亚历克斯买了一辆新车，并把它开进了洛杉矶的家。
Incorrect Verb Form
动词形式错误
Another common mistake is the use of an incorrect verb form when combining with another verb. Certain verbs in English take the infinitive and others take the gerund (ing form).
另一个常见的错误就是在与其他动词连用时，动词形式的错误。英语中的动词既有不定式形式，又有动名词形式。
It's important to learn these verb combinations. Also, when using the verb as a noun, use the gerund form of the verb.
学习这些动词的连用很重要。当动词作为名词使用时，就要使用动名词形式。
He hopes finding a new job. / Correct -> He hopes to find a new job.
他想找一个新工作。
Peter avoided to invest in the project. / Correct -> Peter avoided investing in the project.
皮特没有在这个项目上投资。
Parallel Verb Form
动词复数形式
A related issue is the use of parallel verb forms when using a list of verbs. If you are writing in the present continuous tense, use the 'ing' form in your list. If you are using the present perfect, use the past participle, etc.
在使用多个动词时，有一个问题就是动词复数形式的使用。如果你是在用现在进行时进行写作，就应该使用动词ing形式。如果你使用的是现在完成时，就应该使用过去分词形式。
She enjoys watching TV, play tennis, and cook. / Correct -> She enjoys watching TV, playing tennis, and cooking.
她喜欢看电视，打网球和烹饪。
I've lived in Italy, working in Germany and study in New York. / Correct -> I've lived in Italy, worked in Germany, and studied in New York.
我住在意大利，在德国工作，在纽约读书。
Use of Time Clauses
时间从句的使用
Time clauses are introced by the time words 'when', 'before', 'after' and so on. When speaking about the present or future use the present simple tense in time clauses. If using a past tense, we usually use the past simple in a time clause.
时间从句由时间词语引导，例如when，before，after等等。当我们表达现在或将来的事时，可以使用一般现在时的时间从句。如果使用过去时态，通常会使用过去时的时间从句。
We'll visit you when we will come next week. / Correct -> We'll visit you when we come next week.
下周我们会来看你。
She cooked dinner after he was arriving. / Correct -> She cooked dinner after he arrived.
他到了之后，她才开始煮饭。
Subject - Verb Agreement
主谓一致
Another common mistake is to use incorrect subject - verb agreement. The most common of these mistakes is the missing 's' in the present simple tense. However, there are other types of mistakes. Always look for these mistakes in the helping verb.
另一个常见的错误就是主谓不一致。最常见的就是一般现在时中漏掉了-s。但是，还有其他类型的错误。这些错误常发生在助动词的使用上。
Tom play guitar in a band. / Correct -> Tom plays guitar in a band.
汤姆在乐队里是弹吉他的。
They was sleeping when she telephoned. / Correct -> They were sleeping when she telephoned.
他打电话过来时，他们都睡着了。
Pronoun Agreement
代词一致
Pronoun agreement mistakes take place when using a pronoun to replace a proper noun. Often this mistake is a mistake of use of a singular form rather than a plural or vice versa. However, pronoun agreement mistakes can occur in object or possessive pronouns, as well as in subject pronouns.
代词不一致发生在用代词来替代专有名词的情况下。通常是使用了单复数形式的错误使用。但是，代词不一致也会发生在宾语或物主代词，和主格代名词上。
Tom works at a company in Hamburg. He loves his job. / Correct -> Tom works at a company in Hamburg. He loves his job.
汤姆在汉堡一家公司工作。他热爱这份工作。
Andrea and Peter studied Russian at school. He thought they were very difficult.Correct -> Andrea and Peter studied Russian at school. They thought it was very difficult.
(正确)安德里亚和皮特在学校里学习了俄语。他们觉得俄语很难。
Missing Commas After Linking Language
连接语言后漏掉了逗号
When using an introctory phrase as linking language such as a conjunctive adverb or sequencing word, use a comma after the phrase to continue the sentence.
当我们使用介绍性短语，例如连接副词或表示顺序的词语，通常会在短语后面打上逗号来连接下文。
⑤ 英语写作中存在的语言错误如：主谓一致、时态处理、冠词用法、名词单复数形式、单词词性怎么区分和搭配
一、概述
在作谓语的动词用来表示动作（或情况、状态）发生时间的各种形式称为时 态。由于英语属于曲折变化的语言，其动词时态的变化要通过词的曲折词形变化来体现的，因而也就有了现在式、过去式、过去分词式三个基本词形。英语中根据说话的时间不同有时和体的不同，主要有十六这十二种时态可以列表如下：
一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时
一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时
一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时
一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
这些时态的形式可以用下表来表示，以do 动词为例：
一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态
现在do
doesbe （am, is are ） doinghas doing
havehas been doing
have
过去did be （was, were） doinghad donehad been doing
将来shall do
will shall （will） be doing shall （will） have doneshall （will） have been doing
过去将来should （would） doshould （would） be doingshould （would）
have done should （would） have been doing
下面根据这些时态常用的程度不同分别说明它们的用法。
二、各时态详解
1、一般现在时
一般现在时主要由动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s，另外be 和have要根据人称的变化使用特殊的形式。一般现在时主要表示经常性的动作或存在的状态，还可用来表示普遍真理。
The Yangtze rises in Qinghai. 长江发源于青海。
Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜于言辞。
We have friends all over the world. 我们的朋友遍天下。
2、现在进行时
现在进行时是由助动词be加现在分词构成的。主要表示现在或现时刻这一阶段正在进行的动作，有时候还用来表示一个最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。
How are things getting on with you？ 工作进行的怎么样？
Someone is asking for you on the phone. 有人找你接电话。
They are publishing a new version of the playscript by Taso Yu this autumn.
今年秋天他们要出版曹禺剧作的一个新译本。
3、一般将来时
一般将来时由助动词shall （will）加动词原形构成。它表示将要发生的动作或情况。
They will sit the post-graate examinations next autumn.明年秋他们要参加工硕考试。
The teacher will not let me go home before I have finished my homework.
老师要我做完作业才能回家。
4、一般过去时
一般过去时由动词过去式表示，动词be 根据人称有was和were两个词形，规则动词在词尾加-d-或ed；其他动词参阅不规则动词变化表, 该时态主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。
It's a pity that you did not go to the movie. 很遗憾你没有去看那部电影。
Many people died in the tsunami that took place in Thailand.
很多人在泰国的那次海啸中遇难丧生。
5、现在完成时
现在完成时是由助动词have和has加过去分词构成的。主要表示此刻以前曾经发生的动作或情况。如：
Grain output has greatly increased in the past few years. 这几年粮食产量有了很大增长。
The area has suffered from disastrous floods throughout its history.
这个地区历史上一直遭受水患之苦。
注意：过去时和现在完成时的区别：
现完成时的基本特点是它和现在有密切的联系，或是指迄今为止这一段时间的情况，或是过去发生的事对现在造成的影响或结果等。而过去时主要强调过去某时刻所发生的动作或情况，与现在没有任何联系。如：
Up till now we have planted over 10,000 apple trees.
到目前为止我们共种了一万多棵苹果树。
I saw him a minute ago. 我前一会还见到他的。
6、过去进行时
过去进行时是由助动词be的过去式加上现在分词构成的，主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。
At that time she was working as an assistant in a physics labatory.
那时她在一家物理实验室做助手。
They took us to see the chemical fibre mill that they were building.
他们带我们去参观了他们正在修建的化纤厂。
7、过去完成时
过去完成时由助动词had加动词的过去分词构成，主要表示过去某时刻前业已完成的动作或存在的状态，其实就是指过去的过去。使用时往往要要在从句中或有一个明确的过去时间状语。
Before daybreak they had covered half the distance. 拂晓前他们已经走完了大半路程。
No sooner had the rain stopped than they set out again. 雨一停他们就又上路了。
He had not learned any English before he came to the university.
上大学前他一点英语没学过。
8、一般过去将来时
一般过去将来时由助动词would加动词原形构成，主要表示从过去某一时间角度看以后将要发生的动作。含这个时态的句子常带一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个句子。这个时态常用于：宾语从句或间接引语中。例如：
When I thought about it, I wondered what their reaction would be.
当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们的反应是什么。
She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day.
她告诉我，她第二天要去欧洲旅行。
Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework.
无论他什么时间有空,他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。
No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多难，他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。
9、一般将来完成时
一般将来完成时由shall （will） + have + 过去分词构成。主要表示在将来某时业已发生的动作。如：
After we finish this text, we'll have learned twenty texts.
这课课文结束后，我们就学了二十课课文了。
By the next month, I'll have finished my task. 到下个月，我将完成任务。
They will have hit the year's target by the end of October.
到十月底他们就可完成全年的指标了。
10、现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时由have（has）been加动词的现在分词构成，表示发生在过去的某个动作延续到现在或刚刚完成，或许还要继续延续。这种时态侧重于这个动作的连续性，或者说不间断性。例如：
I've been waiting for you for the whole morning. 整个上午我一直在等你。
It has been raining for three days. 雨连续下了三天。
Where have you been？ 你去哪儿啦？
She has been busy preparing the exhibition since we met last time.
自我们上次见面以来，她就一直忙着筹备那个展览。
11、过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时由had been加现在分词构成，表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如：
It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places. 倾盆大雨下了一周，在许多地区引发了山崩。
At last they gor the telegram they had been expecting.
最后他们收到了他们一直盼望的电报。
三、时态强化练习
1. . My dictionary __________, I have looked for it everywhere but still_________ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find
C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
2. Mary ____________ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
3. He said he________me a present unless I_______ in doing the experiment.
A. had not given; had not succeeded B. would not give; succeed
C. will not give; succeed D. would not give; will succeed
4. By the time he arrives in Beijing tomorrow, we __________ here for two days.
A. have been staying B. have stayed
C. shall stay D. will have stayed
5. You don't need to describe her. I ______________ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
6. We ________ let you use the toilet room on condition that you ___________ keep it clean and tidy.
A. will; would keep B. would; kept C. will; keep D. can't; would keep
7. When you ____ the test, check your papers before you hand them in.
A. will finish B. will have finished
C. are finishing D. have finished
8. He has been studying here for three years, by next summer he _________.
A. will graate B. will be graated
C. will have graated D. will be graating
9. Don't you know it's the first time he ____ this kind of meeting？ ?
A. attends? B. attended? C. has attended? D. is attending
10. She ____ for 12 years by the time she graates from the Foreign Language Institute.
A. has studied English B. has been studying English
C. had studied English D. will have been studying English
四、时态练习详解
1.「答案」D.
「解析」前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
2.「答案」C.
「解析」割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，“玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
3.「答案」B.
「解析」在时间，条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时。本题有He said，故为过去式。主句用将来时，故选B. 此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时。
4.「答案」D.
「解析」考察学生对将来完成时态的用法。在这一时态中注意介词by，它一般用于将来时态中，题干后有for two days，又表示完成，故而使用将来完成时。
5.「答案」B.
「解析」首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。
6.「答案」C.
「详细解答」一般来说，在表达将来的主从结构中，主句用一般将来时，而从句应用一般现在时。该题就符合这一特点。
7.「答案」D.
「解析」在表示“吩咐，命令，劝告”等的祈使句结构中可以和一个表示完成时的时态连用，主要用来表示一个动作结束后再开始另一动作。类似这样的用法在英语中使用相当频繁。
8.「答案」C .
「解析」 将来完成时主要表示将来某时将会发生的事情，一般要用表示将来的时间状语，如:by 或 before 引导的介词词组或 before 引导的时间状语从句。
9.「答案」C.
「解析」在“It's the 1st time that…”结构中，that分句中的动词用现在完成体。
10.「答案」D.
「解析」本题考点是将来完成进行时。by+将来的时间是将来完成时的标志，而“学习” 这个动作是一直进行的，因此选D.
⑥ 有关于英语主谓一致的几个小问题
1.主语由not only...but also 修饰，谓语动词和第二个subject 一致.
例如:Not only the driver but also the passengers WERE injured in the accident.(第一个主语是单数,第二内个主语是复容数,但谓语动词要和第二个主语一致.)
整个句子意思:不仅有司机还有乘客们都在意外中受伤了.
either...or，neither...nor的用法同上都是由第二个主语决定的
2.主语由with，together with，all，none，among 修饰时，谓语动词跟第一个subject一致.
除了以上几个,像after,rather than,in addition to,as well as等都是跟第一个主语一致.第一个主语是单数那麼谓语动词也应是单数.
⑦ 关于英语主谓一致的问题
英语主谓一致基本遵循两个原则：一是意义一致，二是就近一致
一.①Twenty years is not a long time . 二十年光回阴，弹指一挥答间。本题中主语为Twenty years ，形式上为复数，但连系动词is之后与之对应的是a long time，形式上为单数，可见句子在意义上把时间作为一个整体看待，所以可以作单数名词处理。 .
二.one or two + 复名，但是one or two days跟的是are，one or two hours跟的就是is。。不能理解，这个也牵涉到具体语境问题，如需要进一步探讨，请提供例句。
⑧ 英语写作时问题，是不是只要主谓一致就行
还要注意动词的时态语态，语气
⑨ 这个英语句子为什么主谓不一致呢求详解！
句子来源可靠吗？如果不是你抄写错了，就是你的来源错了。the cost 肯定对应continues, 这个是没有疑问的。
⑩ 英语语法里主谓一致的问题
【意义一致原则（Notional Concord）】
I. 集合名词做主语时：（参见“名词”部分）
1. 有些通常作复数用（不变词形）。如：“people , police , cattle (牛，牲口)，folk , youth , militia (民兵)”，等。e.g.
The police have caught the murderer .警方已捕获凶手。
2. 有些指“整体”时作单数，指其中的“成员”时作复数（不变词形）。如 "army , audience(听众),class ,club （俱乐部) ,company(公司), committee(委员会) ,crew ,crowd ,staff(员工) ,family ,public ,government ,group ,party ,union ,couple ,population ,team ."等。e.g.
①Our family is a happy one . 我们有个幸福的家庭。
②The family are early risers. 这家人都起得早。
③The public are (is) requested not to litter. 请公众不要乱扔废弃物。
但上述集合名词也可有复数形式。如：families , two classes .等。有些变复数形式后意义不同。如：peoples多个民族。 youths男青年。 folks亲友。
II. 代词做主语时：（参见“代词”部分）
1. 不定代词"each ,one , much, (a)little ,either ,neither ,another ,the other(+单名)"等常作单数用。它们所修饰的主语也作单数。e.g.
①Each of the girls (Each girl) has a new hat . 每个女孩都有顶新帽子。
②Neither plan suits me .③Neither of the plans suits / suit me . 两个计划都不适合我。
2. 下列复合不定代词一般作单数用：“someone ,somebody ,something ,anybody ,anyone ,anything ,everybody ,everyone ,everything ,nobody ,no one ,nothing ”等。e.g.
①Is everybody here ? 都到齐了吗？
②There was nothing special then. 那时没什么特别情况。
3. 下列不定代词作复数用：“（a）few ,many ,several， both”等。e.g.
①Few (of the guests ) were familiar to us . 没几个（客人）是我们熟识的。
②Both / Both (of ) these are interesting . 两部影片都有趣。
4下列代词须视其“具体所指”来决定单、复数：
1）“what ,which ,who ,whose ”等。e.g.
①Who is your brother ?你兄弟是谁？
②Who are League Members .哪些是团员？
2）"all , some ,more ,most ,any ,none ,a lot(of ), lots (of ),"等。e.g.
①All (of the students ) are working hard .（所有的学生）都在用功。
②All (of the paint ) is fine .（这些油漆）都很好。
3）"half(of), plenty (of), the rest(of), (a)part(of), the remainder(of )余下的）"，等。e.g.
①Half of the apples are bad .苹果中有一半是坏的。
②Half of the apple is bad .这只苹果坏了一半。
Ⅲ.“数词”、“数量、单位”等词语做主语时：（参见“数词”部分。）
1. 表示“运算”的数词通常作单数 。e.g.
Ten times four makes(make) forty .+ 乘以四得四十。
2.表“时间、距离、金额、度量衡”等的词语，作“整体”看时作单数用，侧重指“若干单位”时作复数用。e.g.
①Twenty years is not a long time . 二十年光阴，弹指一挥间。
②Twenty years have passed since he left. 他离开已二十个年头了。
3.“分数、百分数”通常依其“具体所指”来决定单、复数。e.g.
①About 40 percent / two-fifths of the books here are (is) worth reading . 这些书中百分之四十/五分之二值得读。
②Only sixty percent / three-fifths of the work was done yesterday .昨天只干完了百分之六十/五分之三的工作。
4. "a number of (许多)/ a variety of (各式各样) "+复数名词，常作复数用。e.g.
①A number of students in this class are (is) from Sichuan . 这个班有不少同学来自四川。
②There are a variety of toys in this shop.这家商店有各种各样的玩具。
但是，“the number(数目)/ the variety(种类)”+ of + 复数名词，作单数。e.g.
①The number of students in this college has doubled . 这所大学的学生人数翻了一番。
②The variety of goods in this shop is rich . 这家商店货物品种丰富。
Ⅳ.单、复数同形或易混的词做主语时：（参见“名词”部分）
1.以“-ics”结尾的学科名词：指教育、科研的某一学科，作单数。e.g.
Mathematics seems easy to me .我似乎觉得数学不难。
但是，表“具体的学业、活动”等时，多用作复数。e.g.
①Her mathematics are weak . 她数学差。（指“学业成绩、能力”）
②What are your politics? 你的政治观点如何？
2. “works工厂，means方法，series系列，species物种，aircraft飞机”等名词单、复数同形，要从上下文判断其具体意义来决定单、复数。e.g.
①This works was(These works were)built two years ago . 这（几）家工厂是两年前修建的。
②Every means has (All means have) been tried. 各种办法都试过了。
这类名词通常还有“fish ,deer ,sheep ,headquarters (总部驻地),bellows(风箱), plastics, gallows (绞架), manners(礼貌) ,whereabouts (行踪), ”等。（但news（消息）是不可数名词，通常只作单数用。）
Ⅴ. "the + 形容词/分词"做主语时：
1. 指“一类”人或事物时，常用作复数用。e.g.
①The English speak English. 英国人讲英语。
②The rejected were heaped in the corner. 废品堆在角落里。
2.指“某一个”人，或“抽象的”事物时，作单数用。e.g.
①The deceased was his father . 去世的是他父亲。
②The agreeable is not always the useful. 好看的不一定中用。
③The new and progressive always wins over the old. 新生、进步的事物总是要战胜旧的东西。
Ⅵ.专用名词做主语时：
1.“书名、剧名、报刊名、国家名”等通常作单数用。e.g.
①The United States was founded in 1776. 美国成立于1776年。
②The Arabian Nights is very interesting. 《天方夜谭》很有趣。
2.“书刊名”有时作单数或复数两可，尤其是编成集子的书。e.g.
Dickens' American Notes were (was ) published in 1842 .
狄更斯所著的《美国笔记》出版于1842年。
Ⅶ“what等引导的从句”做主语时：
1. 大多作单数用。e.g.
①What we need is more practice . 我们需要的是更多的实践。
②What he says doesn't agree with what he does. 他言行不一致。
2.若从句是含复数意义的并列结构、或“表语”是复数时，谓语动词用单数或复数两可。e.g.
①What you say and think is /are no business of mine . 你怎么说以及怎么想，不关我的事。
②What he bought was /were some books. 他所买的是几本书。
【语法一致原则】
I .主语的“人称”决定谓语动词的形式。e.g.
①I love / She loves music . 我/ 她爱好音乐。
②Are your mother a worker? (误)你母亲是工人吗？
Is your mother a worker? (正)（主语your mother 是单数第三人称）
II .主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式。
1.“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）”或“从句”等做主语，用单数谓语形式。e.g.
①The work is important . 这项工作重要。
②To serve the country is our ty. 为祖国服务是我们的义务。
③How and why he left was a sad story. 他离开的经过和原因是一段伤心的经历。
2. 复数的名词、代词一般接复数谓语形式。e.g.
①The children are taken good care of . 孩子们得到很好的照料。
②They have gone to Cheng . 他们去成都了。
III. 以“and”或“both… and”连接的并列主语：
1.通常作复数用 。e.g.
①Plastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。
②What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。
③Both Tom and I are fond of medicine. 我和汤姆都喜欢医学。
2. 如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人（事、物、抽象概念），作单数用。e.g.
①The worker and writer has come . 这位工人作家来了。
②A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 远处能看见有一套马车。
③Truth and honesty is the best policy. 真诚是最好的策略。
3. “and”前、后的单数词语都有“each, every ,many ,a ,no”等修饰时，仍作单数用。e.g.
①Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.这里每个男孩和每个女孩都享有平等权益。
②No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity .没有哪个教师或学生可以免于参加这项活动。
Ⅳ. 主语前、后加表“数、量”等的修饰语时：
1. a）“many a + 单名 ”接单数谓语：“a good (great ) many + 复名”接复数谓语。e.g.
①Many a fine man has died for it . 许多优秀战士为此献出了生命。
②A great many parents were present at the meeting. 许多家长出席了会议。
b）"a / an + 单名+ or two " 大多接单数谓语： "one or two + 复名"接复数谓语。e.g.
①Only a word or two is (are )needed. 只需说一两句。
②One or two reasons were suggested. 提出一两条理由。
c）"a / an + 单名+ and a half"常接单数谓语；“one and a half +复名”多接复数谓语。e.g.
①A year and a half has passed . 一年半已过去了。
②One and a half tons of rice are sold. 已卖了一吨半大米。
d） "more than one + 单名"大多接单数谓语。e.g.
①More than one person was (were )absent . 不止一个人缺席。
"more + 复名+ than one "接复数谓语。e.g.
②More students than one have been there . 不止一个学生去过那儿。
"More than two (three…) +复名 " 接复数谓语。e.g.
③More than one hundred students have attended the concert . 不止一百名学生听了这场音乐会。
2 ，主语前加表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort / type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / handful / quantity / ton / metre /… )of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语形式。e.g.
a）①There is only a small quantity of paper (books ) left . 只剩下少量的纸（书）了。
②Large quantities of water are needed. 需要大量的水。
b）①This kind of apple is sweet . 这种苹果甜。
②This kind of apples is (are) sweet. （大多依 kind ，作单数用 ）
③These kind(s) of apple(s) are sweet . （总作复数用）
但:Apples of this kind are sweet. （总作复数用）
3. 主语后接“with…”等构成的短语修饰成分时：谓语仍须与这类短语前的“主语”一致。可构成这类短语的常用“with ,along with ,together with ,as well as , but , besides , except ,added to , including , like ,no less than , rather than , more than ”等。e.g.
①A woman with two children has come . 一位妇女带着两个孩子来了。
②I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅他们，我也愿帮助你。
4. "one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句"：
1）定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”，因此从句的谓语用复数形式。e.g.
①This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year . 这是今年出版的最佳小说之一。（关系词“that”代“novels”）
②He was one of the boys who were praised . 他是受表扬的男孩之一。
2）若“one”前加“this, the ,the only ”等时，定语从句的关系词指代one，作从句主语时，接单数谓语。e.g.
He was the only one of the boys who was praised .他是男孩中唯一受到表扬的。(关系词who 代 the only one )