1. 英语写作中常见的几种句型
英语写作中常见的十二种句型
such+名词性词组+that…
so+形容词/副词+that…——如此……以致……
例如：(1)she is such a good teacher that we all love her.她是一个好老师，我们都爱她。
(2)it was such a hot day that they didn’t go out for a walk as usual.这么热的天气，他们没有像往常一样去散步。
注意点：
1.such+a+形容词+名词+that…，可以改写成：so+形容词+a+名词+that…，例句(1)可以改写成：she is so good a teacher that we all love her.
2.在such+形容词+名词复数或不可数名词+that…结构中，形容词如果是many/few或much/little时，用so不用such，即：so+many/few+可数名词复数+that…，so+much/little+不可数名词+that…
(1)there are so many people in the room that i can’t get in.房间里人太多，我进不去。
(2)the man has so much money that he can buy a car.那人很有钱，他能买一辆小汽车。
句型(二)there be…，either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…
例如：(1)there is a pen and two pencils in his pencil-box.他的铅笔盒里有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。
(2)not only you but also i have been to the great wall.你和我都没有去过长城。
(3)either you or i am leaving for shanghai.要么你去上海，要么我去上海。
(4)neither you nor he is right.你和他都不对。
(5)both jack and tim are english.
jack和tim是英国人。
注意点：当这几个句型连接主语时，谓语动词的人称和数要考虑“就近原则”，对比both…and… 来记忆，both…and…连接主语时视为复数。
句型(三)enough+名词+to do…——有足够的……做某事
形容词/副词+enough+to do …——足够……做某事
例如：(1)there is enough room to hold these people to have a meeting.有足够的地方容下这些人开会。
(2)the boy is strong enough to carry the heavy box.这个男孩力气够大，能搬动这只箱子。
注意点：enough做副词修饰形容词或副词时，放在所修饰词的后面，句子可以用so…that…句型改写。例句(2)可以改写为：the boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.这个男孩力气很大，能搬动这只箱子。
句型(四)too+形容词/副词+to do…——太……以致不能……
例如：(1)i was too excited to say a word.我激动得一个字也说不出来。
2. 《英语写作》中 文章的outline包括topic和thesis吗
TOPIC通常是第一段第一句话，而THESIS通常是第一段最后一句话
TOPIC是一句话，是写出你
文章
大概要写什么。
而THESIS通常是用来总结你文章的方向和细节。
3. 英语写作中的"三段式'是什么意思
introction
discussion
conclusion
4. 用英语怎么翻译“内涵”和“外延”这俩词
intension
extension
5. 英语这个概念的内涵和外延是什么
内涵的定义：一个概念所反映的事物的本质属性的总和，也就是概念的内容。版
英语权的内涵我个人认为是：一门由26个字母组成不同的拼写方式，以及一定的语法规则构成句子规范。通过英国的殖民活动传播到世界各地的，并主要由英联邦国家使用的一门国际性交流语言。外延包含了所有用到了26个字母拼写，以及一定的语法规则的地方，，，，
6. 在汉语或英语中搜索一个词/术语,说明其外延和内涵的差异，要具体
现代汉语词义的内涵，是指现代汉语语词的意义，即词的内容。外延包括词汇意义和语法意义。
7. 申论写作中的内涵与外延
您好，中政申论很高兴为您解答。内涵在申论考试中一般指的反映事物本质属性的总和。外延是相对于内涵而言的，逻辑上指反映在概念之中的、具有概念所反映的特有属性的事物。例如“生物”这一概念的外延，就是自然界的独特的事物。申论中常要求对给定词语下定义，就包含了词语的内涵和外延。但是，也不要担心，把握词语本质含义是关键，再是结合材料内容，体现出事物与其他事物的关系，以将其与外界区分开来。详情建议通过针对性练习得以强化，更好解析。中政申论系统是目前最大的申论在线评测系统，当然也包含了您所问及的国考申论解析。建议您上中政申论http://www.zzshenlun.com/ 进行在线评测，专家会为您提供一对一的指导，帮助针对性发现问题、解决问题，获得进步。还有申论、行测方面的疑惑，建议您上一品公务员网：http://bbs.gwy1.com/forum.php ，这里有海量资料，更有广大考友的经验、心得分享。希望我的回答对您有帮助。
8. 什么是英语词汇外延意义
某些学者认为 ：
词语的意义通常可以分为两种: 外延和内涵。
外延( denotation)是指内一种语言基本的容概念性的意义,
内涵( connotation)是指与外延意义相关的情感意义的总和(文化、感情、态度和信仰等方面) 。
例如, amaze和astound这两个词的外延意义相同, 表示“使惊讶”的意思,
但在内涵意义上有细微差别,前者指“难以相信”, 而后者指难以相信的程度更高。
9. 高考英语写作中怎样使用复杂结构
但如何帮助学生真正理解复杂结构，并从整篇作文的角度来定位好的句子呢？我们很难给复杂结构下个确切的定义，但可从以下几个方面探讨对“复杂结构”的理解。
1. 简单句也可能成为好句子
（1）恰当的形容词、副词——表达意见，情感流露的载体。例如：
It turned into a quarrel. → It turned into a horrible/terrible/fierce quarrel.
虽然只是添加了一个形容词，但quarrel 的程度、作者的态度和场景的再现更好地表现了出来。又如：
They began to quarrel. → They began to quarrel with each other blindly/furiously.
（2）同位语——精巧完善欲达之意。例如：
Li Jiang, who is Su Hua's classmate, is also to blame. → Li Jiang, Su Hua's classmate, is also to blame.
定语从句固然带来了复杂结构，但简洁明了是行文的基本要求，该惜墨处勿泼墨。又如：
The boy went back home and was full of fear. → The boy went back home, full of fear.
形容词短语full of fear作状语的表达既简洁明了，又生动形象。
（3）评注性状语——娓娓道来，突出了写作的交际性。例如：
It was Su's fault but Li was also to blame. → To be honest/To be frank, it was Su's fault but Li was also to blame.
评注性状语是插入语的一种，它与状语很接近，但它并不修饰谓语或其他词，而是对整个句子进行解释或说明，表明说话人的看法或态度，给读者以娓娓道来之感。又如：
To be short, it is everyone's responsibility to keep the world clean.
（4）非谓语结构——简洁生动之美。例如：
Sandy struck the USA and caused great damage to the infrastructure. → Sandy struck the USA, causing great damage to the infrastructure.
非谓语结构是丰富句子的有效结构，书面性强，表达更为生动。又如：
After I finished my homework, I often relaxed myself by playing computer games. → Having finished my homework, I often relaxed myself by playing computer games.
（5）被动语态——地道之美。例如：
Some people say this kind of milk contains different levels of nutrients. → This kind of milk is said to contain different levels of nutrients. → It is said that this kind of milk contains different levels of nutrients.
受母语负迁移的影响，学生在表达动作发出者不明确时常用主动语态表达，有中式英语之嫌；而使用被动结构却能给句子带来地道英语之美。又如：
People believe that mutual understanding contributes to a permanent friendship. → It is generally believed that mutual understanding contributes to a permanent friendship.
2. 复杂自有其道
（1）复合句——长短之变，节奏之美。例如：
Su Hua and Li Jiang played basketball on the playground. They both jumped up to catch the flying ball. → Su Hua and Li Jiang were playing basketball on the playground when they both jumped up to catch the flying ball.
复合句使用了定语从句、状语从句，明确了概念的外延，增大了概念的内涵，逻辑性强。再有，长短句结构交替使用后，语句内部抑扬顿挫的节奏感就出来了，从而使文章流畅自然，生动活泼。
（2）倒装句——强化情感，让句子结构趋于平衡。例如：
Su said many mean words to Li and shouted at the top of his voice as well. → Not only did Su say many mean words to Li but also shouted at the top of his voice.
倒装句常带来承上启下、平衡结构、强化情感之效。又如：
A man, who is in all black, is standing with a gun in hand in front of her. → Standing in front of her is a man, who is in all black, with a gun in hand.
（3）强调句——为了突出句子中的某一部分常使用强调句，以便能引起他人的注意，更明确地表达自己的意愿和情感。例如：
He didn't come back until the clock struck twelve. → It was not until the clock struck twelve that he came back.
（4）省略句——干练，无冗长之嫌。例如：
While they were catching the flying ball, they bumped into each other. → While catching the flying ball, they bumped into each other.
（5）虚拟语气——极尽感激、遗憾或悔恨之情。例如：
No one put himself in the other's place. They found no fun in the game. → If one of them had put himself in the other's place, they could have found more fun in the game.
另外，虚拟语气还可以表示说话人的一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议等含意。书面表达题中常用“假如你是……，你会如何……？”来考查考生的个人认识或解决问题的能力。
前文提到的那位高三学生是一名英语基础很好的学生，向其呈现了以上探讨后，心领神会，修改习作如下：
Conflicts with others are common in everyday life. These conflicts can turn out to be serious problems if we don't deal with them properly.
Last week, Su Hua and Li Jiang were playing basketball on the playground when they both jumped up to catch the flying ball. Unfortunately, they bumped into each other. Su began to say mean words and Li shouted back in response. A terrible quarrel occurred all of a sudden.
How to avoid these quarrels effectively? First, we should often stand in others' shoes when faced with conflicts. Second, stay as cool as a cucumber. Think twice and you may find that things are not so bad as you thought first. What's more, we should be good sports. Competitive sports involve unavoidable bumps or even injuries, which should be taken into consideration when you participate in a game.
三、“复杂结构”的再思量
在高三上学期基本语法学完之后，许多老师会让学生在写作中尝试运用各种复合句或特殊结构。陈幸佩（2011）在《高三英语写作复习课的有效性——以宁波市第六届课例评析为例》一文中描述了一位授课教师在写作技能环节总结的四句口诀：①肯定不如双否好；②陈述不如倒装巧；③单句不如复句妙；④从句不如短句傲。但该作者也鲜明地指出此举容易造成学生刻意或生搬硬套地运用这些复杂句的可能。
那么，到底应该如何理解复杂语法结构？
在“要点完整，语言无误，行文连贯，表达清楚”的评分标准指导下，考生往往在书面表达中只用五种基本简单句来表达，以防出错，从而导致中学生写作的层次不高，略显乏味。“应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致”的新评分标准有其深刻的背景，它虽能引领师生重视并提升写作的品质，但却没有或不便明确说明内容决定形式、简单与复杂并存等要素。由此，部分师生误以为多用结构复杂的句子就会有层次，可以得到高分。事实上，简单句本身同样可以发挥其精妙的表情达意之功。有时一个简单的介词短语也能增添情感的魅力或激发读者的共鸣。例如，一位学生习作（谈双休日的利与弊）中有这样的句子：
With the two-day weekends, we can have more time to chat with our parents. → With the two-day weekends, we can have more time to chat with our parents around the table.
句中的around the table能让读者头脑中浮现出生活的场景，唤起了家庭的温馨之感。
可见，复杂结构并不仅是复杂的句子结构，它应是根据内容和行文需要，巧妙使用高中所学的词汇和各种语法知识，长短句结合，恰当、连贯地传递信息和表达自己的思想，充分体现写作的交际本质。
10. 英语写作考试中outline概括的一般方法有什么技巧
其实就是总-分的结构。先写一句提示下文的概括性的话，继而进行解释或者介绍： 1．表示原因
1）There are three reasons for this．
2）The reasons for this are as follows．
3）The reason for this is obvious．
4）The reason for this is not far to seek．
5）The reason for this is that．．．
6）We have good reason to believe that．．．
例如：
There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life．
注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life． There are three reasons for this．这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。
2．表示好处
1）It has the following advantages．
2）It does us a lot of good．
3）It benefits us quite a lot．
4）It is beneficial to us．
5）It is of great benefit to us．
例如：
Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us．
3．表示坏处
1）It has more disadvantages than advantages．
2）It does us much harm．
3）It is harmfulto us．
例如：
However，everything dividesinto two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi- sion．
4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for sb．to do sth．
2）We think it necessary to do sth．
3）It plays an important role in our life．
例如：
Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business．Soon， computers will be found in every home，too．We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．
5．表示措施
1）We should take some effective measures．
2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties．
3）We should do our utmost in doing sth．
4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．
例如：
The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious．Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it．
6．表示变化
1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．
2）A great change will certainly be proced in the world’s communications．
3）The computer has brought about many changes in ecation．
例如：
Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins．
7．表示事实、现状
1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．．
2）No one can deny the fact that．．．
3）There is no denying the fact that．．．
4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in．
5）However，that’s not the case．
例如：
We cannot ignore the fact that instrialization brings with it the problems of pollution．To solve these problems， we can start by ecating the public about the hazards of pollution．The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment．
8．表示比较
1）Compared with A，B．．．
2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV．
3）There is a striking contrast between them．
例如：
Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable．Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum．Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem．Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them e physical exercise．
9．表示数量
1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．．
2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000．
3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％ compared with that of January．
例如：
With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on ecation has increased．
再如：
From the graph listed above，itcan be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000．
注：“From the graph listed above，it can be seen that”见句式12。考生将句式9和句式12结合在一起，便可较好地写出2002年6月CET －4、6短文写作的第一段。
10．表示看法
1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth．
2）People have different opinions on this problem．
3）People take different views of（on）the question．
4）Some people believe that．．．Others argue that．．．
例如：
People have different attitudes towards failure．Some believe that failure leads to success．
Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor．However， others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers．
再如：
Do“lucky numbers?really bring good luck？Different people have different views on it．
注：一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。
11．表示结论
1）In short，it can be said that ．．．
2）It may be briefly summed up as follows．
3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ．．．
例如：
From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however， its method should be improved．
注：例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句；例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。
12．套语
1）It’s well known to us that ．．．
2）As is known to us，．．．
3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about．
4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that ．．．
5）As aproverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way．?
例如：
As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus．
The reason for this is obvious．Nowadays，the society is changing and developing rapidly，and the campus is no longer an“ivory tower?．As college students，we must get in touch with the world outside the campus．Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graate．
再如：
Does it pay to be honest？This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it．