㈠ 求英文说明文模板
英文说明文模板,从比较对照、分类、特征、因果、人物描写、地点描写、物体描写分别讲解，最后附上常用的句型。
说明文是对事情的发生、发展、结果、特征、性质、状态、功能等进行解释、介绍、阐述的一种文体。这类文章的目的和性质是客观地介绍、解释事物，使读者获得知识和信息，并不需要发表主张、做出证明。一般说来，知识简介，商品介绍，旅游指南，科技读物，工作总结，实验报告，教材辅导等均属说明文之列。
写说明文，可以按时间、空间、结构、逻辑顺序来写，也可以采取举例、比较、对比、分类、分析、说明、叙述等方法。
1.比较对照
比较对照有两种，一是逐点比较，二是整块比较，即AB交错或先A后B：
1）逐点比较：多数人认为这种AB交错的方式可以避免行文的单调沉闷，对比的效果更鲜明突出。如：
There are basic differences between largeand small enterprises. In a small enterprise, you operated mainly throughpersonal contacts. In a large enterprise, you have established “policies” ,“channels” of organization, and fairly strict procere. In the smallenterprise you have immediate effectiveness in a very small area. You can seethe effect of your work and of your decisions ground. In the large organizationyou are normally taught one thing thoroughly. In the small one the danger is ofbecoming a Jack-of-all-trades-but-master-of-none. In the large it is ofbecoming the man who knows more and more about less and less.
2) 整块比较
It is easy to be a winner. A winner canshow his joy publicly. He can laugh and sing and dance and celebrate hisvictory. People love to be with winners. Winners are never lonely. Unlikewinners, losers are the lonely ones of the world. It is difficult to facedefeat with dignity. Losers can not show their disappointment publicly. Theycan not cry or grieve about their defeat. They may suffer privately, but theymust be composed in public. They have nothing to celebrate and no one to sharetheir sadness.
2.分类
分类是人类认识客观世界的重要手段之一，也是描写事物、解释观点最有效的方式之一。通过将一事物分类，可使复杂事物变得清晰明了，便于作者阐述自己的观点。
分类段落的各类排列要条理，可采用从主要到次要，从次要到主要，从多到少或从少到多等方式排列，亦可平行排列。如：
1） As far as political views are concerned, people fall into threecategories. First are the conservative people. Conservatives are opposed tosudden or great changes. Second are the liberal people.These people are infavor of progress and reform. But their opinions often seem to idealistic. Thethird type is the moderate people. The moderates keep everything withinreasonable limits. They are more practical in this hard world. In my opinion,most people seem to belong to this group.
本段采用平行排列的方式，按人的政治观点分为三类：保守、自由和温和。
2) These are several reasons why I decidedtom attend Bingston University . First of all, the tuition is reasonable.Secondly, the university has a deferred payment plan., which lessons the loadof peasant families like mine. Another reason is that Bingston has the finestteachers in its graate program. My chief reason, however, is Bingston’sprogram in agriculture, my chosen field, which is recognized as the leader inthis area.
该段采用主次排列的方式，分析了作者决定上Bingston大学的原因。
3) According to Mr. Li, the fifteenstudents of his cLASS fall into three groups. Seven of them work hard and studywell. They always get good marks in examinations and are often praised by theteachers. Li calls them “good students”. The monitor, the secretary of theYouth League, and the captain of the cLASS volleyball team, are quick infinding out what their fellow students are interested in or what they should doas a collective. They always organize proper activities at the proper time. SoLi calls them “good organizers”. Four other students are very kind to theircLASSmates, always ready to lend them a helping hand. They help to clean thecLASSroom and the corridor even when they are not on ty. Li says that theyare “ good comrades”. “What about yourself?” someone asks him. “I’m a group bymy self ——a good observer”.
该段不同于以上两段，不是先分类再解释，而是先说明其特点，然后定义分类。虽分类并不科学，却达到了其幽默之目的。
3.特征
例证指具体说明人或事物特点、本质及其规律的方法。所用例子需有代表性、典型性。例证型段落的写作方式多为先提出主题再列举事例。在事例之前一般有For example或For instance。例证后面，根据情况还可以加上结论句。如：
In order to prevent non-smokers from beingaffected, measures must be taken to rece the chances of smoking. A lot ofwork can be done concerning this. For example, in some public places, such asin the theatres and cinemas, smoking should be forbidden. Even on the train orplane people should not be allowed to smoke. Doctors, teachers and governmentleaders should take the lead not to smoke. Above all, the harmfulness anddangers caused by smoking should be made known to all through newspapers,broadcast, or TV programs. Also the growing of tobacco and the proction ofcigarettes should not be encouraged. If these measures can be taken, we caneffectively rece the chances of smoking.
4 因果
因果是两个事物之间的关系。一些说明文，议论文通过分析因果关系说明一个中心思想。如不能把因果关系解释清楚，文章将无法说明任何主题。
因果型段落的扩展模式有两种，一是分类编法，另一个是连环编排法。如果只讨论成因或只讨论结果，细节比较简单，只需按其重要性或其逻辑顺序进行编排。分类编排法指先讨论原因，然后讨论结果；或先讨论结果，后讨论原因。
1）分类编排法：
Music is my chief hobby. When I listen tomusic, good things happen to me. If I am lonely or homesick, I listen to popmusic. The quick rhythm, the strong beats of drums lift my sprits. If I amfamiliar with a song, I will sing alone with it and my depression disappears.When I am bored or very tired, I listen to Mozart. His music makes me feelalive. Music also reminds me of home. Before I came to college, my sisters andI would listen to music and sing songs together and cheer us. Now I enjoylistening to music and singing with my roommates because their smiles make meremember the happy times with my family. For me, music is an excellent escape,and without it, I wouldn’t be so happy。
2) 连环编排法是先讨论一组因果，再一组因果，再一组因果，形成一个锁链。当因果紧密相连，前一果为后一果之因时，经常使用这种方式。
Students shouldn’t stay up so late. Becauseof the pressure of examinations, many students burn night candles. The nextday, they have to get enough sleep. As a result, many of them get sleepy inClASs. They couldn’t catch what the teacher says. Not having studied theirlessons well, they find it difficult to make good performance in examinations.So, it is not worthwhile to stay up late if you want to study well.
5.人物描写
人物描写包括外部特征、性格特征、思想状态、行为语言等，用于表现人物精神面貌、披露人物内心活动、揭示人物性格变化，借以突出作品主题思想。如：
My sister is a boyish girl. She has shortand straight hair like a boy’s. She likes white, black and grey colors, as mostboys do. She never cares for shirts, stockings but loves jackets and jeans.Sometimes she wears a men’s suit and leather shores as if she were a gentleman.Basketball and football are her favorite sports. She also enjoys watchingboxing. She always shouts and cheers excitedly when she is watching a footballmatch. When she is with her friends, she always says Ladies first” to othergirls. The most interesting thing is that she has been mistaken for a boy manytimes. And she is pleased with that. She always says that she should be a boy.
第一句作者明确表示他眼中的妹妹是个男孩子气十足的小姑娘。这样读者大都会在心中勾画出一种从长相、穿着到言谈举止都特男孩化的女孩。下文作者正是通过穿着、外貌和性格等方面向读者展现一个活生生的人物形象。
6.地点描写
地点描写指用生动形象的语言对某一地点、某一环境进行具体逼真的描绘，使读者如临其境、如睹其物。地点描写的对象可大可小，在可以为城市、国家，小可是一间教室，一个房间。
地点描写自然按空间顺序排列，作者应立足于一个出发点，由远及近，由近到远，从里到外，从外到里，由左到右，或由右到左进行描写，顺序不可混乱，否则读者会迷失方向。如下面一段作者从大门开始，由外向里逐步介绍学校的布置，读者如同跟着作者参观了一所校园。
Now I will show you around our school. Itis one of the largest middle schools in the city. When you step into the gate,you will see a beautiful flower bed before you. In the middle of the flower bedthere is a fountain with many colored flowers around it. If you walk along theschool road, you will come to the playground, on each side of which are rows oftrees. We often read books under the trees. On the right of the playground aretwo ClASsroom buildings. On the left is the newly-built four-storyed building.I’m lucky to study here. I love my school very much.
7.物体描写
描写物体时应侧重物的形状、规格大小、颜色和功能。任何一段文字都应有叙述的中心，对物的描写也不例外。同样，主题句也应反映出作者对所要描写物体的看法、态度。如：
The first thing I notice in the bride’sroom is the beautiful curtain. This curtain is patchwork in design, and is sewnout of squares of materials of different colors like white, light green, brownand orange. It is made of silk, trimmed with delicate braids. It is about sixfeet long and hangs from a wooden rail. The curtain matches perfectly with thedark wooden rail and furniture in the room.
通过主题句可以看出作者想向读者描写的是一幅漂亮的窗帘。
1．表示原因
1）There are three reasons for this．
2）The reasons for this are as follows．
3）The reason for this is obvious．
4）The reason for this is not far to seek．
5）The reason for this is that．．．
6）We have good reason to believe that．．．
2．表示好处
1）It has the following advantages．
2）It does us a lot of good．
3）It benefits us quite a lot．
4）It is beneficial to us．
5）It is of great benefit to us．
3．表示坏处
1）It has more disadvantages than advantages．
2）It does us much harm．
3）It is harmful to us．
4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for sb．todo sth．
2）We think it necessary to do sth．
3）It plays an important role in our life．
5．表示措施
1）We should take some effective measures．
2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties．
3）We should do our utmost in doing sth．
4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．
6．表示变化
1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．
2）A great change will certainly be proced in theworld’s communications．
3）The computer has brought about many changes inecation．
7．表示事实、现状
1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．．
2）No one can deny the fact that．．．
3）There is no denying the fact that．．．
4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interestedin．
5）However，that’s not the case．
8．表示比较
1）Compared with A，B．．．
2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV．
3）There is a striking contrast between them．
9．表示数量
1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．．
2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000．
3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％ compared with that of January．
10．表示看法
1）People have（take，adopt，assume）differentattitudes towards sth．
2）People have different opinions on this problem．
3）People take different views of（on）the question．
4）Some people believe that．．．Othersargue that．．．
11．表示结论
1）In short，it can be said that ．．．
2）It may be briefly summed up as follows．
3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ．．．
12．套语
1）It’s well known to us that ．．．
2）As is known to us，．．．
3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about．
4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，itcan be seen that ．．．
5）As a proverb says，“Wherethere is a will，there is a way．
㈡ 高考英语作文都有哪些模板呢
高考英语写作……不同文体的写作
书面表达旨在测试学生的英语书面表达能力。高考的书面表达是一种指导性写作。试题对写作的目的，对象，体裁及字数等都有明确的规定。提供给学生的材料形式为文字，图画或图表。试题要求学生根据所给的情景和要表达的意义，写出一篇 100 字左右的文章。高考中常见的文体为记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等。
（一）记叙文：
记叙文是以叙述人物的经历或事物的发展变化过程为主的一种文体。它分为记人和记事两种。记叙文的几个要点为：
1. 时间、地点、人物、事件，这几个要素在写作时要交代清楚。
2. 人称：记叙文一般可以有第一人称和第三人称两种叙事方式：第一人称是作者以当事人的口吻，把文章中的事情以“我”的所见所闻的方式来叙述，第三人称是写作者从旁观者的角度来叙述，反映事件中的不同人的感受和见解。
3. 记叙文的线索一般为时间，即按照事件的发展顺序来写。以可以按照地点的线索来写，即以地点的转移为顺序。
4. 重点突出，层次分明，详略得当。
5. 注意文章的完整性。
6. 所用的时态通常为一般过去时。
例： NMET 2004 辽宁卷
下面四幅图片描述的是星期天上午在中山公园里发生的一件事。请根据图片所提供的信息用英语为你校的“英语园地”写一篇文章。
注意：1. 短文必须包括所有图片的主要内容，短文的内容要连贯，完整。
2. 短文单词数 100左右。
3. 参考词汇：货摊 stand 抢夺 snatch 逮捕 arrest
写作步骤：
1. 审题：理解图意，将几幅图连成一个完整的故事。
2. 列出要点：
地点：公园的冰激凌货摊旁。
人物：一名年轻妇女，一个小偷和一个老人。
事件：年轻妇女的包被抢，人们追赶，老人用伞将其绊倒，警察逮捕抢劫者，妇女和人们感谢老人。
3. 将要点扩展成文，注意上下文的连接，用适当的连词，副词。
4. 通读一遍，改错。
Possible Version：
One Sunday morning, there were some people in Zhongshan Park. At a stand, a woman was buying an ice cream when a young man behind her snatched her handbag away. She shouted, “Stop the thief! He’s snatched my bag!” Hearing this, a few people began to run after him. There was an old man sitting quietly on a bench nearby. As the snatcher was running past him, the old man quickly picked up his umbrella and put it between the snatcher’s legs. The young man fell down on the ground hard. Soon two policemen came in a police car and arrested him. The woman thanked the old man, and the people around praised the old man for his cleverness.
（二）议论文：
在近几年的高考中，议论文的比重占得越来越多，议论文的出题形式可以多种多样，有看图写作、图表、表格、书信等各种类型，但文体实际上是议论文，而有时是夹叙的议论文。议论文的写作要点是：
1. 观点鲜明，文章一定有一个明确的中心论点。
2. 层次分明，一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持，不同层次之间要分明，过渡清晰自然。
3. 最后一段一般要总结全文，得出一个符合逻辑的结论，突出中心思想。
4. 一般采用一般现在时。
5. 语言简洁有力，一般不采用口语。
例：
2005年全国高考英语(福建卷)
目前，学校存在少数学生考试作弊现象。某英文杂志社拟对此现象向中学生征文，标题是“My opinion on Cheating in Examinations”，请根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。
内容要点如下：
主要原因：考试偏多，偏难；不用功，懒惰；取悦老师，父母
个人看法：作弊不对，影响校规；要诚实，努力学习；……其他看法
注意：
1. 短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥；
2. 短文标题与开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；
3. 词数：100左右；
4. 参考词汇：作弊 cheat (v.)
写作思路：
1. 首先审题，确定要点——本文的中心论题是：My pinions on Cheating in Examinations ，所以首先要提出中心论题，点题。
2. 接下来从两方面来讨论这个问题，可以分做两段，现分析这种现象的产生原因， 然后很自然地过渡到自己的看法。在讲述自己看法时要有鲜明的观点及支持观点的论据。
3. 最后对自己的观点做简短的总结，点题。
Possible Version：
My opinions on Cheating in Examinations
It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.
As students, we often take examinations at school, but sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. On the other hand, some of us are lazy and don’t work hard at their lessons. So when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers.
In my opinions , it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. What’s more, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.
In a word, it is wrong to cheat in examinations.
（三）说明文：
说明文是以简明的文字介绍事物的形状、性质、构造、变化、功用、特征等的文章。写好说明文的关键是抓住事物的特征，说明事物的顺序要有一定的逻辑性。
说明文常见的顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序等。
例： NMET 2004 江苏
假设你是李晓华，住在江城。你的加拿大笔友Bob来信谈到了你所居住的城市，并希望了解你家乡江城的情况。请你用英语写一封回信。回信必须包括下表中的内容：
自然情况：位于长江边，风景优美，适合居住；
成就：经济发展迅速；新建了不少工厂、住房、道路等；
存在问题：水，空气污染；交通拥挤；
对江城发展的看法：自己拟定；
注意：
1. 回信中不能使用“江城 ”以外的地名。
2. 词数：100左右。信的开头与结尾已为你写好，不计入词数。
3. 参考词汇：经济 economy n.
Dear Bob,
It’s very kind of you to write me and let me know about our beautiful city. Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown Jiangcheng.
Yours,
Xiaohua
写作思路：
1. 首先确定这是一篇描述地方的说明文。
2. 确定写作要点：根据所给信息，大体可以分为三个部分——城市简介，可以按照地理位置、自然环境、城市面貌和变化发展这样的逻辑顺序写，接下来写你看到的问题，最后写你的一些看法和建议。
3. 各层次之间注意使用恰当的连词，让过渡自然，结构合理。比如： however, in my opinion 等。
Possible Version：
Dear Bob,
It’s very kind of you to write me and let me know about our beautiful city. Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown Jiangcheng.
The city stands on the bank of the Changjiang river. It is a beautiful place for people to live in. Its economy has been developing rapidly in the past ten years. New factories, houses, and roads have been built. More schools and hospitals are available for its people. However, there are still some problems, such as water and air pollution and heavy traffic in rush hours. In my opinion, Jiangcheng should develop its economy scientifically. I would also think that the growth of its population should be brought under control so that we’ll have a better hometown in future.
Yours,
Xiaohua
（四）应用文：包括书信、通知、便条等。
（1）书信写作：在我们的日常生活中，我们经常给朋友、父母、亲戚等写信，这些信件都属于私人信件。私人书信是写给亲朋好友的，不仅是互通信息的工具，也是交流感情的渠道。书信写作是高考中经常出现的一种题型。写作时应注意以下要点：
1. 写好开头，提一提来信里谈到的各项事情，顺笔写来。
2. 一般先答复对方的问题，然后再谈自己想要说的话。
3. 结束信时要向对方表示友善或亲切的问候。
4. 语言要自然、平实、简洁。
Useful Expressions：
1. I’m very pleased to hear from you yesterday.
2. I’m sorry I’ve taken so long to answer your last letter.
3. We were all so pleased to hear you will be coming to visit us.
4. Look forward to hearing from you soon.
5. Please write back soon.
6. Do write to us when you have time.
7. We hope to hear from you soon.
8. Give my best wishes to the family.
例：
NMET 2005北京卷
美国中学生Jeff将要来你所在的红星中学学习中文，经协商安排住在你家。假设你是李华，请给Jeff写一封信，按照下图顺序介绍他来中国后的生活安排。
注意：1. 信的开头已为你写好。
2. 字数不少于60。
Dear Jeff,
I’m Li Hua from Beijing Hongxing School. I’m very happy to learn that you’re going to stay with my family while you’ re in Beijing.
写作要点：
1. 审清图意 信的内容包括以下几点：住宿、上学、就餐和课后活动。
2. 信可以分为三段来写，力求结构清晰，思路完整。
3. 注意语言亲切自然，避免使用过于书面的语言，比如过多的从句或过于华丽的词汇。
Possible Version：
Dear Jeff,
I’m Li Hua from Beijing Hongxing School . I’m very happy to learn that you’re going to stay with my family while you’re in Beijing.
While you are here, we’ll provide you with a room of your own with a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV. You’ll also have your own bathroom. Our school is quite close to our home, so we could go to school together by bike. At noon we’ll eat at the school dining hall. I’m sure you’ll like the delicious Chinese food there, and enjoy talking with friends over lunch. Classes in our school usually finish at 4:00 in the afternoon. You can then join other students in playing games or swimming. It will be a lot of fun.
If you have any questions or requests, please let me know. We’ll try our best to make your stay here in Beijing a pleasant experience.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
（2）通知的写作
通知是一种安排活动或布置工作时使用的文体，包括了口头通知和书面通知。口头通知是当面向有关人员口授有关活动的信息，而书面通知是以布告的形式把事情通知给有关人员。通知的要素是时间，地点，对象，事件具体内容，注意事项等。通知的语言应该是简洁明了，直截了当。还应该注意要有一定的逻辑顺序。
注意：
1）口头通知一般都会将下列词句放在开头
Ladies and gentlemen
Boys and girls
May I have your attention , please?
I have something important to tell you.
结尾时会以以下句子结束：That’s all. Thank you.
2）书面通知在正文之前的正中位置写Notice字样，结尾要写明时间及发出通知的单位。
例：
广播通知：
你校学生会将为来访的美国朋友举办一个晚会，要在学校广播中宣布此事，并欢迎大家参加。为使美国朋友能听懂，请你用英语写一篇广播通知。
要点如下：
宗旨：欢迎来访的美国朋友
组织者：学生会
时间：7月13日（星期六）晚7：30
活动内容：音乐，跳舞，唱歌，游戏，交换小礼品（请包装好，签名并在包装外面写上几个祝愿词）
May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. The Students’ Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening, July 13, to welcome our friends from the United States. The party will be held in the roof garden of the Main Building. It will begin at 7：30 PM. There will be music, dancing, singing, games and exchange of gifts. You may bring along a small gift for this purpose. Remember to wrap it up, sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.
Don’t forget： 7：30, Saturday evening, roof garden, Main Building. It’s sure to be a lot of fun. Everybody is welcome.