㈠ 英语写作方法
英语写作方法六大原则:
1. advanced words (高级词汇原则)
2. adverbial advanceed (状语提前原则)
3. phrases preferred (短语优先原则)
4.compound sentence, composite sentence and sentence of special kind (并列句、复合句和特殊句式原则)
5. long and short sentences alternately (长短句交替原则)
6. passages in paragraphs(短文分段分层原则)
高分作文的五大特性
1. sense of order (条理性: 段落完整,层次分明)
2. accuracy (准确性: 语法准确,用词精当)
3. fluency (流畅性: 层次清晰,行文连贯)
4. conciseness & variety (简洁、多样性: 语言简洁,不重复)
5. ideological content (思想性: 文章立意高,表达个人观点内容积极向上)
过渡词的使用
过渡词是一种关系指引词,一般由副词或起副词作用的短语承担。此外,代词、连词、上下文的近义词等也可作过渡词。过渡词犹如“桥梁”,在文章中发挥着连接上下文的作用,学会恰当地运用过渡词会使文章结构紧凑,启、承、转、合,过渡自然,融会贯通,连成一体。
1、根据意思和作用的不同,过渡词可以分为以下十六类:
(1)表并列关系的过渡词:
and, also, as well, as well as, or, too, not only…but also, both … and, either … or, neither…nor等。
(2)表递进关系的过渡词:
besides, in addition(加之,除……之外), moreover(此外,而且), what’s more, what’s worse等。
(3)表转折对比的过渡词:
but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not only…but also, here…there, years ago…today, this…that, the former…the latter, then…now, the first… whereas the second, once…now, on the one hand … on the other hand, some…others等。
(4)表原因的过渡词:
because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, e to(由于), for this reason, owing to, as far as, considering that, seeing that等。
(5)表结果的过渡词:
so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, then, thereby, hence, so…that, such…that?, accordingly等。??
(6)表条件的过渡词:
if, unless, on condition that, as/so long as等。
(7)表时间的过渡词:
when, while, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on,? eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning / year / century, after a while, in a few days, now, presently, finally, at last, all of a sudden, form now on, at present, immediately, the moment等。
(8)表特定的顺序关系的过渡词:
first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, above all, first of all, then, next, finally, in the end, at last, afterward(s)(后来), meanwhile(几乎同时), thereafter(在那以后), last, finally, eventually(终于)等。
(9)表换一种方式表达的过渡词:
in other words, that is to say, to put it another way等。
(10)表进行举例说明的过渡词:
for instance, for example, take … as an example, namely, such as, like, in other words, that is to say, that is等。
(11)表陈述事实的过渡词:
in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth等。
(12)表强调的过渡词:
certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important, in fact, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, of course, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely等。
(13)表比较、对比的过渡词:
like, unlike, in the same way, similarly, be similar to, rather than, on the contrary, by contrast, one one hand…, on the other hand, otherwise 等。
(14)表目的的过渡词:
for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to等。
(15)表总结的过渡词:
in a word(总之,简言之), in general, in short(总之), above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, to conclude, at last, in summary, on the whole等。
(16)表增补的过渡词:in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what’s more, similarly, next, finally 等。
2、文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡词来完成,在修辞中称为启、承、转、合。“启”就是开头, “承”是承接,“转”是转折,“合”是综合或总结。
(1) “启”。
用于表示“启”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落或文章的开头:
过渡词: first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firstly, to being with, to start with, recently, now, at present, in recent years, in general, generally speaking, at present, lately, currently,
过渡句:It is often said that…,
As the proverb says…,
It goes without saying that…,
It is clear/obvious that…,
Many people often ask …
(2) “承”。
表示“承”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中:
过渡词: second, similarly, in addition, besides, then, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what
is worse, for example, for instance, certainly, surely, obviously, in other words, especially, particularly, in particular, indeed, still, third, truly, in fact, at the same time, no doubt,
过渡句:It is true that…,
Everybody knows that…,
It can be easily proved that…,
No one can deny that…
The reason why …is that …,
There is no doubt that…,
To take…for an example (instance) …,
We know that…,
What is more serious is that…
(3)“转”。
用于“转”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中:
过渡词:but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, in any case, at any rate(无论如何), nevertheless(虽然如此), otherwise, or, or else, while, whereas, but, despite, inspite of ..., yet, instead,
过渡句:I do not believe that…,
Perhaps you’ll ask why…
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to…,
Though we are in basic agreement with …, yet differences will be found,
That’s why i feel that…
(4) “合”。
用于“合”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中:
过渡词: in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking,to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary, therefore, as a result, above all, thus,after all(毕竟), eventually, hence, in short, in conclusion, in a word, in sum(总之), on the whole(就整体而言), to sum up
过渡句:From this point of view …
On account of this we can find that …
The result is dependent on …
Thus, this is the reason why we must…
长短句结合
(1)句子既要生动,又要简明扼要。
(2)在写作中应避免使用相同长度的相同句型,而应注意句式的变化,如长短句结合,简单句、复杂句和复合句并用,还可以使用简化句等,一些较复杂的结构如独立结构,分词结构等也可以使用。
(3)可以使用一些特殊句式,如强调句、感叹句、倒装句等,增强语句的表现力,以增加文章“亮点”。强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。(这是我上初中时英语老师给我的,帮助了我,希望也能帮助你。。)
㈡ 初二英语作文要怎么写呢(写作方法)
我没有过多的废话,书面表达它会给你中文,对吧?按照中文一句一句的翻译,中间适当的加一些连词,开头结尾不要过于生硬。我也是初二的,我英语成绩很好,并且我们学到第九单元来了。
㈢ 中考英语作文写作方法有哪些
英语写作是中考中检测学生语言应用能力的最重要部分。提高中考写作水平,需要有效的训练。正确无误的造句能力和各种文体的写作技巧,两者缺一不可。
正确无误的造句能力这得从初中一开始就抓起,首先可以从替换单词、扩词造句训练,做到有效积累,扩大视野,灵活运用。
还可说say some thing in a friendly way.替换了一个副词,生动地表达了说话时的不同心情。
扩词有:play footballplay foot ball in the play groundplay football in the play ground with my friendsplay football in the play ground with my friends after school.对其中的动词我们还可替换成playgames,play the piano等,后面的状语都可以有相应的更换。
又如:a friendmy friendmy close friendmy close friend named Mary.以此类推,我们可以模仿着进行扩句训练。The students love life.The studentsof Class One love enjoyable school life verymuch.为了避免句型的重复,我们还可以转换不同的句型,来表达同一内容。如:The dictionary is so big that it doesn’t fit in tomy pocket.The dic ti on ary is too big to fit into my pocket.The dictionary is not small enough to fit into my pocket.
这样训练写句的方法,可以帮助学生克服心里先想好中文,然后逐字翻译的不良习惯,从而造的句子符合英语表达的习惯。
在平时的学习中,我们可以试着用课文中所学的句型和词汇,设计一些中译英句子,虽然对初中学生有一定的难度,但长此以往可以有效地掌握正确的句子结构,巩固所学词汇,做到活学活用,为中考作文作好铺垫。
在《牛津》7B开始,我们针对所学的句型和学生日常学习生活的真实情景,设计了许多中译英,如:
1.尽管我的爷爷奶奶已80多岁了,他们还能每天早上坚持锻炼。(although)
2.你与其他同学不同,你总是喜欢独自一人呆在家里。(be different from)
3.去天目山参观是一件很开心的事。(It’sfun)
4.我有个建议,把我们旧的书报杂志送给班级阅览角,这样同学们就会有更多的书可以分享。(suggestion)
5.在暴风雨中,我们最好不放风筝,因为它可能让我们触电。(because,get a electric shock)
6.新的隧道将把上海和崇明岛连接起来。(linkupwith)
7.这位驾驶员从这次事故中吸取了教训。(learn a lesson)
8.我们赢了这场比赛,他们看上去很失望。(win,look)
10.我们盼望着2008年的北京奥运会.(look forward to)
㈣ 英语的写作手法,修辞手法叫什么
英文与中文的写作手洁及修辞手法是大体相似,下面是英文常见修辞手法:
01
Simile
明喻:标志词常用:like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等。
例如: I wandered lonely as a stay dog.
我像一只流浪狗一样孤独地四处漂泊。
02
metaphor
隐喻,暗喻
例如:
Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
希望是顿美好的早餐,但却是一顿糟糕的晚餐。
03
metonymy
借喻,转喻
I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.
我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱。
04
synecdoche
提喻
例如:
1. There are about 100 hands working in his factory.他的厂里约有100名工人。
05
synesthesia
通感、联觉、移觉
例如:
1. The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.
鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音。
06
personification
拟人
拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物。
例如:
The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.
夜晚温柔地平复着我们狂热的头脑
07
hyperbole
夸张
例如:
1. I beg a thousand pardons.
我千百次地祈求宽恕
08
rhetorical repetition
叠言
例如:
It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious man—made destiny.
它必须用我们这些对于未来,对于人类以及人类自己创造的伟大命运具有信心的人的鲜血和汗水去创造。
09
euphemism
委婉,婉辞法
例如:
He is out visiting the necessary.
他出去方便一下。
10
allegory
讽喻、比方
例如:
1. Make the hay while the sun shines.
良机勿失。(在有太阳的时候晒草--制作饲料的干草)
2. It's time to turn plough into sword.
到了该努力的时候了。
11
irony
反语
例如:
It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.
早上不知道几点钟确实是一种好习惯!(反语)
㈤ 关于英语修辞和写作手法
Analytical structure of speech :
simile 明喻
metaphor 暗喻
personification 拟人
hyperbole夸张
euphemism 委婉语
irony 反语
antithesis 对偶
metonymy 转喻(指代)
litotes间接肯定即双重否定
analogy 类比 将两种本质不同的事物之间的共同点加以比较,来说明道理,把抽象的概念具体化,把浅显的道理浅显化:例 Forests are to nature what the lung is to man. Synecdoche 提喻,是以某事物的局部表示整体,抽象表示具体,特殊表示一般,或者反之。例如: More hands are needed in the work. (hand 是人体的一部分,代表人) There is a mixture of the tiger(残暴) and the ape(狡猾)in his character.
Onomatopoeia 拟声 The stream is murmuring down the hill. Some girls are giggling in the yard. Rain drops were pattering on the window. He heard the twitter of bird’s among the bushes.
Paradox 反论 指似是而非的说法,乍听似乎荒唐,但实际很有道理。
The child is father to the man. 从小看到大。 More haste, less speed. 欲速而不达
Oxymoron 矛盾修饰法 指修饰语和被修饰语之间看似很矛盾,但实则相反相成。
Sour-sweet day 酸涩而甜蜜的岁月 poor rich men creative destruction 创造性的破坏 living death 死一般的活着
Pun 双关 即巧妙地利用同音异义或同形异义现象 使同一个词或同一句子表达两种不同的含义,是之含蓄幽默,一语双关。
— what makes the tower lean? Lean指倾斜 和 瘦的
— It never eats.
transfer epithet转移修饰是 通常把形容人的词语用来修饰事物上,或者把通常修饰甲类事物的形容词用来修饰乙类,以简洁、新颖、形象的效果。
A wide-eyed answer a helpless smile embarrassed delight
Dizzy height an icy look dry humor cheerful wine
Syllepsis 一语双关 指用一个词语同时与两个部分搭配,含义上一个为字面意思,一个为比喻意思,可产生幽默、俏皮的效果。
㈥ 英语写作修辞手法有哪些
英语写作对于学习英语的学生是一个很重要的技能。许多英语考试都要测试考生的写作能力。为了帮助中国学生提高英语写作水平,我们编写了这部工具书,可供大、中学生及英语自学者查阅使用,也可供各级学校的英语教师参考。 《英语写作例句手册》从大量的英文刊中精选出约一万条实用的句子,为读者提供了在各种不同情况下常用的句式与用语,分门别类,英汉对照,内容丰富,查阅方便。通过《英语写作例句手册》,读者可以学到英语中各种生动有趣的表达方式,还可以利用《英语写作例句手册》做英汉互译练习,这对于提高英语水平会有很大的好处。
表达方式 1.定义 2.解释 3.分类 4.举例 5.对比 6.因果 7.议论 8.说明 9.简介 10.鸣谢 修辞手法 1.明喻 2.隐喻 3.转喻 4.提喻 5.换称 6.拟人 7.夸张 8.含蓄 9.委婉 10.双关 11.影射 12.反语 13.讽刺 14.反论 15.矛盾修饰 16.对照 17.反复 18.排比 19.层递 20.突降 21.回文 22.倒装 23.移就 24.拈连 25.共轭 26.警句 27.顿呼 28.设问 29.咏叹 30.头韵 31.元韵 32.拟声 33.仿拟 34.幽默
㈦ 写英语作文有哪些技巧
许多人把写英语作文当作英语考试中最头痛的一件事,因为英语作文的分数像是定型了一样总是提不上去.我以前也有这个迷茫,在高一和高二时,满分30分的英语作文,每次总是徘徊在20左右,提不上去.可是进入高三后,我用了另一种特殊的写作手法,使得我的英语作文水平提高了将近5分,也就是说,我每次总能把英语作文的分数保持在25分左右,最低也不会低于23分,而且这方法是屡试不爽.在今年的高考中,虽然其他几门课我考的不怎么样,但是我的英语还是过得去的,我想在这看这篇文章的今年应该没有英语考到139的吧,实话说吧,今年的英语作文我得了23分,这是我有史以来,英语得的最低分,但据我所知,今年英语作文分数普遍偏低,一般都只有10多分,上20的都没几个,我这个英语作文分数应该很过得去了.这也暗示着我写英语作文的成功之处,呵呵. 写英语作文,当然基本功很重要,好的英语作文中肯定必不可少的得有长句和复合句,这只能靠自己大家平时自己的练习,我帮不上忙.但是,有些同学可能会发现,有时候即使句子写得很好,但分数最多也只有21,2分,还是不够高.其实,说到底,是因为你的英语作文中缺少闪光点,句子写得很好,但是嚼之无味,很难把作文提上去.说实话,我的作文中也没有多么复杂的句子,句子可能比一般得21分的同学还要简单,但是每次我分数都不会太低,现在细细想来,可能是我的闪光点起了作用吧. 至于如何创造闪光点嘛,嘿嘿,就是我接下来要讲的重点啦.首先我给大家介绍一些段首的万能公式,你在每次写作时100%能派上用场. 段首万能公式一:名人名言.嘿嘿,有些人肯定会说啦,我又没有这个闲工夫去记住名人名言.说得好,我们确实没这个闲工夫.但是,我有一妙计,嘿嘿,去编!名人名言不也是名人自己造出来的么,所以只要你造的句子读起来有滋有味,你就是那个名人!而且没准将来我们自己就会成为一个大大的名人呢!有这样一些经典句型可供你参考:A proverb once said,"."在引号里加上你自己认为很有哲理的句子.或者:it goes without saying that.../as everyone knows,no one can deny that...我想更多的人可能倾向于用后面两句,因为这两句字数多嘛,呵呵. 段首万能公式二:用数据.要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明问题.原则上在议论文中不应该出现虚假数字,可是在考试时鬼才晓得你的数字到底真不真实了,反正能够使字数增多就行了,比如说我们可以用这个:according to a recent survey,about 78% of the students wanted to futher their study after their graation. 刚才我讲了用名人名言,现在想起来还有一点遗漏之处,有些人可能不太会编,太老实.在这里,我给大家总结出一些名人名言,不出意外,在考试时肯定能够派上用场,下面就是英语写作时必备的英语成语啦. 1.practice makes perfect--熟能生巧 2.god helps those who help themselves--天助自助者 3.easier said than done--说起来容易做起来难 4.where there is a will,there is a way--有志者事竟成 5.one false step will make a great difference--失之毫厘,谬以千里 6.slow and steady wins the race--稳扎稳打无往不胜 7.a fall into the pit,a gain in your wit--吃一堑,长一智 8.experience is the mother of wisdom--实践出真知 9.all work and no play makes jack a ll boy--只工作不休息,聪明孩子会变傻 10.beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance--无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰,图有其表 11.more hasty,less speed--欲速则不达 12.it's never too old to learn--活到老,学到老 13.all that glitters is not gold--闪光的未必都是金子 14.a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step--千里之行始于足下 15.look before you leap--三思而后行 16.Rome was not built in a day--伟业非一日之功 17.great minds