A. 怎样写好英语段落（二）
段落发展的手段及结尾段的写法 在上一讲我们讲了主题句，推展句的写法；这一讲我们要进一步来谈一谈段落发展的几种手段以及结尾段的写法。 段落发展的几种手段 1． 列举法(details) 作者运用列举法，是通过列举一系列的论据对topic sentence中摆出的论点进行广泛、全面地陈述或解释，列举的顺序可以按照所列各点内容的相对重要性、时间、空间等进行。 Yesterday was one of those awful days for me when everything I did went wrong. First, I didn't hear my alarm clock and arrived late for work. Then, I didn't read my diary properly and forgot to get to an important meeting with my boss. During the coffee break, I dropped my coffee cup and spoilt my new skirt. At lunch time, I left my purse on a bus and lost all the money that was in it. After lunch, my boss was angry because I hadn't gone to the meeting. Then I didn't notice a sign on a door that said "Wet Paint" and so I spoilt my jacket too. When I got home I couldn't get into my flat because I had left my key in my office. So I broke a window to get in and cut my hand. 根据本段主题句中的关键词组everything I did went wrong，作者列举了8点内容，分别由first, then, ring the coffee break, after lunch time等连接词语引出，使得该文条理清楚、脉络分明、内容连贯。 常用于列举法的过渡连接词有：for one thing , for another, finally, besides, moreover, one another , still another, first, second, also等。 2. 举例法(example) 作者通过举出具体事例来阐述、说明主题句的内容，严格地讲，举例法也是列举法的一种，它们的区别在于：列举法侧重罗列事实，所列事实力求全面；而举例法侧重通过举出典型事例来解释作者观点，且事例可多可少。 我们来看下面这个用举例法展开的段落。 There are many different forms of exercises to suit different tastes. For example, those who enjoy competitive sports may take up ball games. For another example, if they prefer to exercise alone, they can have a run or take a walk in the morning or in the evening. Besides, people can go swimming in the summer and go skating in the winter. In short, no matter what their interests are, people can always find more than one sports that are suitable to them. 本段采用了三个事例来说明主题句中的关键词组different forms of exercises，这三个例子分别由连接词for example, for another example 和 besides引出，最后由引导的结尾句总结全段内容。 举例法中常用的连接词有：for example (instance), one example is, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition等。 3. 叙述法(narration) 叙述法发展段落主要是按照事物本身的时间或空间的排列顺序，通过对一些特有过渡连接词的使用，有层次分步骤地表达主题句的一种写作手段。用这种方法展开段落，作者能够清楚连贯地交待事物的本末，从而可以使读者可以清晰、完整地理解文章的含义，例如： In the flat opposite, a woman heard the noise outside. When she looked out through the window, she discovered that her neighbor was threatened by someone. She immediately called the police station. In answer to the call, a patrol police car arrived at the scene of the crime quickly. Three policemen went inside the flat at once, and others guarded outside the building to prevent anyone from escaping. 这段是按照事物发展的先后顺序，叙述从发现案情、报警、到警察赶到、包围现场的过程。全文脉络清晰，叙述的层次感强，结构紧凑。 常用于叙述法中的过渡连接词有：first, an the beginning, to start with, after that, later, then, afterwards, in the end, finally等。 4． 对比法或比较法(comparison & contrast) 将同类的事物按照某种特定的规则进行比较分析是一种常用的思维方法。通过对比，更容易阐述所述对象之间的异同和优缺点，例如： The heart of an electronic computer lies in its vacuum tubes, or transistors. Its electronic circuits work a thousand times faster than the nicer cells in the human brain. A problem that might take a human being a long time to solve can be solved by a computer in one minute. 在这段文字上， 作者为了突出电子计算机运行速度之快，首先将它与人脑进行了比较， "-- a thousand times faster than --" ;而后，又将这一概念具体到了 "a problem"上，通过对比使读者从 "-- a long time -- in one minute"上有更加直观的认识。 常用于对本法或比较法上的过渡连接词有：than, compared with等。 5． 分类法(classification) 在阐述某一概念的段落中，常用分类法。通过对概念中所包括的事物进行分门别类，分别加以叙述，使读者有更为清晰的认识，如： Ever since humans have lived on the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and ideas. Tourists and the people unable to hear or speak have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols of whole words are very vivid and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot. Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction. Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in signal flags, Morse code, and picture signs. 在该段中为了说明topic sentence中的 "various forms of communication"，作者将其分为oral speech, sign language, body language及other forms of nonlinguistic language，并逐加阐述。 采用这种方法的段落并没有标志突出的连接词，所述各项均为平行并列关系，所以没有明显的主次之分。 6．因果分析法(cause and effect) 在阐述某一现象的段落中，常采用因果分析法。例如： The role of women in today's society is changing. One reason is that women have begun to assert themselves as independent people through the women's movement. Also, women are aware of the alternatives to staying at home. Another reason is that increasing numbers of women who enter new fields and interests serve as role models for other women. Moreover, men are becoming more conscious of the abilities of women and have begun to view their independence positively. 本段中，主题句提出了一种社会现象，推展句则对产生这种现象的原因作出各种解释。 常用于因果分析法的连接词有：because, so, as a result等。 7． 定义法(definition) 在科普文章的写作中，定义法是必不可少的。通过下定义，可以使读者对该事物有一个更直接的认识。 Automation refers to the introction of electronic control and automation operation of proctive machinery. It reces the human factors, mental and physical, in proction, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American instry has been called the "Second Instrial Revolution". 这一段文字使我们了解了 "automation" 和 "Second Instrial Revolution" 两个概念，分别由 "refers to" 和 "been called" 引出。 常出现在定义法中的词语有：refer to, mean, call等。 8. 重复法(repetition) 句子的一部分反复出现在段落中，这就是重复法。它往往造成一种步步紧逼的气氛，使文章结构紧凑，有感染力。比如： Since that time, which is far enough away from now, I have often thought that few people know what secrecy there is in the young, under terror. I was in mortal terror of the young man who wanted my heart and liver; I was in mortal terror of my interlocutor with the iron leg; I was in mortal terror of myself, from whom an awful promise had been extracted; -- 该段中反复应用了I was in mortal terror of …我经常处于恐怖之中。 以上， 我们结合具体文章讨论了展开段落的几种方法。在实际写作中，我们往往不必拘泥于一种写作方法，而是将若干方法穿插在一起，使文章有声有色。 结尾段 我们知道文章的开头很重要，因为好的开头可以吸引读者、抓住读者的注意力。同样，文章的结尾也很重要，好的结尾会使读者对全文的中心思想留下深刻的印象，可以增添文章的效果和说服力，让人深思，回味无穷。确切地说，结尾的作用就是概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，使读者加深印象；有时也用于展望未来，提出今后方向或令人深思的问题给读者留下回味和思考的余地。 但是，如何才能写好英文短文的结尾呢? 下面就介绍几种写结尾段最常用的方法： 1．重复中心思想: 回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到再次肯定和强调的效果。 (例1)A sense of humor is really one of the keys to happiness. It gives zest to life to make it worth living. (例2)With all these benefits, it is no wonder that sports and games have now become more popular with people than ever. 2．作出结论: 文章最后用几句话概括全文内容，并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者的观点。 (例1)In conclusion, a good teacher-student relationship can be mutual beneficial. The students gain knowledge eagerly and enjoyably, and the teacher gains satisfaction from his job. (例2)On the whole there are more advantages than disadvantages in the use of TV. Yet different people may have different attitude toward TV. But we must realize that television in itself is neither good nor bad. Its value to people and society depends on how we look at it. 3．应用引语: 用格言、谚语或习语总结全文，既言简意赅又有更强的说服力。 (例1)If you have anything to do, try to do it yourself, for that is the safest way to
permanent success. Remember the famous saying. "God helps those who help themselves." (例2)If we stick to studies day after day, there is nothing that can't be achieved. As an old saying goes: "Constant dropping of water wears away a stone." 4．用反问结尾: 虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，具有明显的强调作用，引起读者思考。 (例1)Therefore, listening skills must be consciously improved. Since it is such an important means of learning and communication, why should we not develop this ability as far as possible? (例2)So，what can we benefit from wealth if we do not have health? 5．提出展望或期望: 表示对将来的展望或期待读者投入行动。 (例1)I am sure that Chinese will become one of the most important languages in the world in the next century. As China will open further to the outside world the language is sure to be spread world widely. (例2) If everyone has developed good manners, people will form a more harmonious relation. If everyone behaves considerately towards others and social ethics people will live in a better world. With the general mood of society improved, there will be a progress of civilization. 以上介绍了几种写结尾段最常用的方法，但到底选择何种方法结尾还得根据文体来决定。平铺直叙的记叙文，往往在故事或事实情节讲完时文章也就自然结束了，而说理性和逻辑性较强的说明文和议论文都应有一个正式的结尾。希望以上介绍的几种方法能对大家写好结尾有所帮助。 首先，一个段落必须有一个中心即主题思想，该中心由主题句特别是其中的题旨来表达。整个段落必须紧扣这个主题(stick or hold to the topic)，这就是段落的统一性(unity)。其次，一个段落必须有若干推展句，使主题思想得到充分展开，从而给读者一个完整的感觉，这就是完整性(completeness or adequateness)。再者，一个段落不是杂乱无章的，而是有机的组合，句子的排列顺序必须合乎逻辑，从一个句子到另一个句子的过渡必须流畅(smooth)，这就是连贯性(coherence)。下面我们就对这三个标准分别加以说明。 1. 统一性 一个段落内的各个句子必须从属于一个中心，任何游离于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。请看下例： Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico. 本段的主题句是段首句，controlling idea（中心思想）是take the long trip across the country。文中出现两个irrelevant sentences，一个是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，这一段是讲的是Joe and I，中间出现一个Bella是不合适的。还有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner这一句更是与主题句不相关。考生在四级统考的作文卷上常常因为造出irrelevant sentences（不相关语句）而丢分，值得引起注意。再看一个例子： My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Every day I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby. 本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit，但段中有两个irrelevant sentences，一个是I bought two new suitcases last week，另一个是My mother was a premature baby。 从上面两个例子可以看出，native speakers同样会造出来irrelevant sentences。卷面上如果这种句子多了，造成偏题或离题，那问题就更严重了。权责声明：本站所有音乐均网上搜集仅做宽带测试，任何涉及商业盈利目的均不得使用，否则后果自负！如遇英文歌曲不能播放，系歌曲链接失效，请谅解！本站全部英文歌曲的所有权归其唱片公司或歌手所有。请购买正版英文歌曲支持你的偶像！
B. 英语作文万能段落
英语作文段落常用句型：
首段：
1.
with the rapid development of our society, our living condition is becoming more and more
better.
随着我们社会的快速发展，我们的生活环境正变得越来越好。
2.
As a popular saying goes,
“
everything has two sides
”
.
正如一个很流行的谚语所讲的那样，每件
事情都有两面性。
3.
As is shown in the picture/ graph, it can be easily concluded that
…
从图片
/
图表中我们可以很容
易看出
…
4.
as we all know,
众所周知
。
（
it is well-known that
…
）
, it is widely acknowledged that
…
.
中间段：
1.
However, I think it is right to do
…
但是我认为做
…
才是对的。
2.
首先：
firstly,
…
；
first of all,
…
;
in the first place,…
to begin with,
…
,on one hand.
其次：
secondly,
…
; besides,...; in the second place,
…
,next,
…
, on the other hand.
最后：
finally,
…
; last but not the least
…
; at last,
…
结尾段
:
1.
总之：
in short,
…
in one word,...above al;
…
all in all,
…
as a result,
…
in conclusion,
…
to sum up,
to put it in a nutshell,
in general,
lastly.
2.
换句话说：
in other word,
…
.
3.
依我看来：
in
my
opinion,
…
in
my
point
of
view,
…
as
far
as
I
am
considered,
…
I
firmly
believed that
…
., I think
…
4.
only in this way can we become more and more better
.
仅仅以这种方式，我们可以过得越来越好。
5.
the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
利远大于弊。
C. 英语段落写作的结构要点 要英文回答
The structure of an English essay is separated into three parts.The introction,the body paragraphs and the conclusion.
The introction is where you introce your ideas and give an overview of what you are going to write about.By reading this,the examiner should have a good idea of the content of your essay.
Then you go on to explain your ideas in detail.It is perferred to have one idea per paragrph.Each paragraph should consist of a main statement,an explination and an example to support your idea.
Finally,the essay should end in a conclusion.A conclusion is where all your ideas are summerised and reinforced.The conclusion should end with something that leaves the readers thinking.
D. 高考英语作文段落拓展的手段有哪些
提纲一定要包含所提供的情景要点,主要是关于记人； c.要避免两个极端.其实想出两条之后就可以动笔,有侧重点地检查,要象做完型填空一样对待考场作文.一般说来记叙文有时间,防止遗忘）.要避免写那些与中心内容无关紧要的细节,近几年上海和全国英语高考卷中的写作,并且练习和模考时把他们用熟. 第二步、句子连贯.使用假想例子 5.使用自己选种的套话；使用过去发生的事例时用的是过去时,而是要求考生在充分领会“提示”的前提下,不仅造成文章逻辑结构不清、用词贴切的作文.使用数据 4.据统计.当被告知还有5分钟结束时. c； b.这一点你不必怀疑、称呼. 有n种选择可供参考,写作时要明白清楚地给予表达、比喻、论据：1、让步等各种句型背熟练.扩展时要注意短文的字数、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排层次.要确保文章有结尾段（不排除将它和最后一条理由的末段结合在一起的可能性）.哪一种你最容易想出来,注意炼句. b.人们常用的论证方法有归纳法.使用类比,扩展成篇.别试图在考场上再去临时决定比如哪种开头好： a,一定能做到,主题句可以使读者和笔者本人更清晰该段落写什么；一般现在时第三人称要使用单数、签字.扩展的内容一定要紧扣主题,千万不要写那些与主题不相关的内容、叙事,最少3分钟最多5分钟,不要追求一次思考就能把每一条理由及相关例证都想出来.用时太多. 英语应用文主要以写信为主、推理法：1. 其次,还会引起行文中频繁的修正、议论文和应用文.根据这个中心,它考查考生综合运用语言能力.论据可以是人们公认的真理、议论文还是应用文,有谓语.用时太少. 记叙文要求考生根据试卷中提供的情景.议论文一般按提出问题,在具体写作过程中我们不妨按如下顺序进行,别说你不想写主题句、事件,要分段写,也可以是经过实践考证的经典著作.举具体事例 2、例证.各段中支持性细节写作不必遵循相同的模式. 议论文要求考生就某一方面的问题通过摆事实.考前将文章开头. b：文章绝大部分使用的是一般现在时、论点正确无误,理由没有想清楚就开始写、原因和结果六要素.记人时.英文书信由6个部分组成,同时要尽量使用自己熟悉的词汇与句型.时态.一般说来议论文文由论点. 第三.各段写作时注意对段落的不同部分给予不同的重视、论据可靠充分,只要你的思维还是正常的.要做到、结束语,欲速则不达：审题. 如何在30分钟内快速写作文技巧 * 如何在30分钟内快速写完文章、确定立场,要写够100个词语：正文写作最少22分钟最多26分钟.格式一定要正确,且简单句只有一个谓语,组织语言材料,编写成文、信内地址.说对方相对缺点 3,能够扩展的材料有哪些、对比法英语写作是高考试题中对学生相对较难的部分、列出理由（只需要在草稿纸上用英文单词或汉语列出各个理由、人物. 试题要求考生根据所给的情景和要求写一篇书面材料、正文,或者已经在做结尾,以避免由于字数不够引起的扣分,持续练习5篇以上.但它并非按照“提示”逐句翻译、讲道理的方式来发表自己看法、写信和通知或看图作文等内容的记叙文、结尾.2,怎样结尾好、引用等修辞手段来论述、地点,围绕中心,要注意介绍人物的身世.句法：检查需要1-3分钟. 无论是记叙文： a、分析问题,各个理由的例证可以写到该段时边思考边写.它们是信头,每一段有一个中心思想、经历和事迹等.3： a.叙事时要描写事情发生与发展的过程,列出写作提纲,确定写作中心,用自己的语言组织成一篇内容充实,就用哪一种.主谓一致 按此三步、论证三部分构成、语言正确、根据字数多少：熟悉考场写作三个步骤的时间分配 第一步,可以确保时间问题,叙述事情发生的前因后果等. 首先. 第三步：确保每句话是完整的、论证合理严密.信的正文和写文章一样.主题句给予最大重视,一般你应该已经写到最后一条理由
E. 高考英语作文怎么合理扩展写作要点
1. 把字给我写好!!!
就是所谓的“第一印象”，至关重要，这决定了你的作文档。阅卷老师阅卷时首先给你的作文定档，如满分25分，一档20-25，二档15-20，以此类推。想拿高分必须保证自己的作文在一档。
试想你的字老师都看不懂，给你三档就不错了。这个楼上有图有真相，我就不赘述了，字写得不好看也没关系，一笔一画写清楚。切记别写花体，反正我是看不懂的，老师愿不愿意看我就不知道了。
2. 结构清晰
简而言之就是段落清楚，我的建议是三段式，第一段写现象，第二段写方法，第三段写总结。大概就是这样一个模式，随便翻一个高考例文就差不多这样。
全文必须有清晰的连词和介词，比如however，moreover，more importantly;to begin
with，further-more 。总结用to conclude，generally speaking等等。
3. 拿高分最重要的就是要有亮点词句
这个问题我之前回答过，高考英语作文该怎样做好积累呢? 也是我的经验之谈，全靠这个拿高分。
有人私信我要我再补充几个亮点句式和词组，在这里满足一下。
it is vital for us to do ……
……is nothing but wasting time
prevail among
broaden sb‘s horizon
……is groundless
It’s obvious that ……is playing an increasingly essential role in ……
there are two/three reasons behind this phenomenon
就说这么多，只要自己用心积累，考试的时候必然不愁词用。不过请务必弄清这些句式或词组的准确用法。
4. 几个重要的注意事项
请不要使用同一个词超过3遍!学会变词，比如要重复表示"下降"，请不要写三四个“drop”，学会用decrease，descend，go
down，fall，decline。
绝对不能出现拼写错误，时态错误，单复数错误。想从一档变成二档，请出错。请不要忘记三单动词加s。请保持文章所用时态合理的一致。
不断的变换句式。被动句，强调句等变换着使用，尝试用虚拟语气等多种时态。前提是合理，不要把自己搞糊涂了。
F. 求该英语段落的写作技巧和特色，最后能逐句赏析，英语大神们，求教啊，在线等，着急。。。
写作的最高境界就是看不出技巧。这段英文不知来源是什么，通篇读来是平铺直版叙的风格，一句接权着一句，句式都很简单，陈述句。没有特别的语法结构。就第一句稍长，做了了比方，as a colonol might look at a private whose bootlaces were underdone. as 就像是，， might， 表示非常不确定的假设和推测的情形。除此之外没有特别可以分析的。如果你能读懂的话。
"他看着我的表情又惊讶又不满，就像是一个上校看着一个靴子鞋带没系好的士兵。“嗯，你最好进来”他说。房间狭窄阴暗，没有阳光；空气中弥漫着腐烂的卷心菜的难闻的味道；墙壁上满是墨水印迹；一室静寂。他的书房，从地摊上散落的面包屑来看，也是他的餐厅。“你最好坐下，”他说，然后他问了我一系列问题：我在学校里都上了什么课程，多大了，喜欢什么运动；接着，他用充满血丝的眼睛盯着我，问我觉得体育运动是否在男孩的教育中占据很重要的位置。我含含糊糊地回答说我不认为应该过度重视。他哼了一声。看来我说错话了。很明显我和校长之间没有多少共同点..."
G. 托福写作中的段落拓展题怎样做好
托福写作中的段落抄拓展题怎样做好：
时间是考试中很关键的因素，但很可惜很多人备战托福时间不充裕。特别是写作上，短时间很难让他们领会到掌握高分的方法。很多人写作的内容过于单调，达不到字数的要求。即使勉强凑够字数，语言也很普通单一，不能取得高分。
这是一部分问题，如果备考时间不足，考生要抓住自己的重点和弱点，集中解决。如果是段落拓展没有丰富的内容，文章字数不够。历年来很多优秀范文就是备考写作最珍贵的资料，我们可以先以此为例子，多背诵多参照。写作是有模式的，看看好的文章怎么写的，再加入自己的内容，排好段落，一篇优秀的文章也就出炉了。
考试的题目虽然都有人猜想，但话题太多，不要抱着自己一定能猜到的心态，因此还是要多去写不同的题目。但要想拿高分，不仅要符合基本标准，就像中文写作文采很重要，托福写作中不同的也会加分。因此平时储备多种，考试用到文章中绝对一个好招数。最后，既然是考试，还是建议大家提早备战，不要因为时间不够匆忙考试，这样心理上压力不小，也不会有好的结果。
H. 如何扩展英语段落写作的方法
很多时候写英语作文字数不够，而这又是一个分数衡量标准，所以要想提高字数，就版要扩充段落权。使段落内容变得饱满起来。
大家可以增加论据，这样能使文章更加充实，也可以增加描述性的话语。
但是切记紧扣主题，不要写成流水账，要是跑题了还不如不扩充了，只要围绕着主题扩展是没有问题的。
I. 如何写好英语作文的主题句和拓展句
主题句(Topic
sentence)主题句是表达抄段落主题的句子。它用以概括段落大意,要求段落中的其他各句都与它紧密相连并围绕它来展开。因此,要想写好段落,首先要写好主题句。1、主题句位置主题句在段落中可以在段首,也可以在段中或者段尾。主题句所处的位置不一样,所起的作用也不同。主题句通常放在段落的开端,开门见山地点出主题,使作者自始至终地紧扣主题,也使读者一开始能抓住整个段落的主题思想。主题句也可以放在段中起到承上启下的作用,或者放在段尾起到概括全段的作用。作文是主观题,而且阅卷教师的时间很短。因而在高考作文中,建议考生应尽量采用将主题句子放在段落的开头。(1)段首法段首法指的是将主题句子放在段首,即段落的第一句。有时段落的第一句要充当引句或者背景介绍,这时主题句由第二、第三句充当。段首法的优点是开门见山、直接点题。写作者利用此方法较容易控制全段的写作,达到开宗明义的效果。
J. 雅思写作之作文段落扩展的几种常见方式
“麻雀虽小,五脏俱全”。一个段落就像一篇文章一样,也有主题句，扩展句和结尾句。主题句是段落的核心,但要记住,一个段落只有一个中心,这个中心要清晰地表达出来?扩展句围绕主题句进行叙述，说明或论述，方法各异。结尾句对本段的内容进行总结，和主题句相呼应,引发读者对段落的进一步认识。结尾句可有可无，视内容而定。 段落的扩展有多种方式，常见的有列举?举例?递进?因果?比较和对照，写作时往往是几种方法结合使用。现分别举例说明:1.列举常见的关联词有: first, second, finally; for one thing, for another thing; on one hand, on the other hand等,如: Effective measures can be taken to protect our natural resources. On one hand, we should carry out campaigns to make people aware of the urgency of environmental protection; on the other hand, strict laws should be made to put the commercial fishing under control. 2.举例常见的关联词有: for example, for instance; one example is… , another example is…; such as 等,如: Love means more to those who need help. For example, in 1998, southern China witnessed an unprecedented flood. Many people became homeless, and they were in bad need of clothing and food for the coming winter. At this moment, people all over China offered their warm hands. With their love, they help the victims of the flood live through the winter. 3.递进常见的关联词有:furthermore, moreover, besides, in addition, what's more等,如: Today more and more advertisements are seen on the TV screen. There are two reasons for this phenomenon. To begin with, they can meet the needs of manufactures. With the development of market economy, manufactures have to be more and more competitive, and advertising is one of the best ways to strengthen their competitive capacity. What's more, advertisements are also necessary to consumers. Advertisements can help the consumers keep informed about different procts and offer them different alternatives when they just stay at home. 4.因果常见的关联词有:because, since, for, owing to, e to, as a result, because of, so, there fore, thus, consequently, accordingly等,如: At present, fake procts are very common in our markets. The most obvious reason is that some dishonest manufactures want to make easy money, and selling fake procts is their first choice. In addition, the government hasn't passed strict laws to punish these dishonest manufacturers. As a result, fake procts are very popular in the market. 5.比较和对比