❶ 写英语作文，说明文，
nowadays,with the booming of high technologies, robots designed for home use have been enjoyging greater popularity among families around the world!
The iRobiQ robot invented by the Korean robot company Yujin is alomost omnipotent.
Not only can it control other robots, enabling them to clean floor, but it is able to help children learn english.it displays the words on its chest monitor after speaking out a word.
now, i am looking forward to a better future where technologies are advanced enough, making it possible for us to build versatile robots and making our life more convenient!
❷ 英语说明文
An eraser is an article of stationery that is used for removing pencil markings. Erasers have a rubbery consistency and are often pink or white. Some pencils have an eraser on one end. Typical erasers are made from synthetic rubber, but more expensive or specialized erasers are vinyl, plastic, or gum-like materials. Cheaper erasers can be made out of syntheticsoy-based gum.
--http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eraser
❸ 英语作文说明文500字
chrysanthemum
I like flowers have a lot of, have the fresh lily, white jasmine, narcissus of simple but elegant, bright rose, there is also a carnation represents love... They have elegant temperament, comfortable fragrance, but my favorite is that met weathered rain and snow never lower the head to the chrysanthemum.
Chrysanthemum and plum, orchid, bamboo and known as the "four gentlemen", alias yellow flower, the compositae, is perennial root flowers and plants. After the chrysanthemum in full bloom, fragrance 4 excessive, its petals, such as silk, such as claw. Layers of petals as if is in the dark awning bright fireworks, of its petals slightly tilted outward, beautiful. The color of chrysanthemum is very much also, or yellow, or white, or red ochre, or red, phyletic and various.
Chrysanthemum varieties more, on time can be divided into nine chrysanthemum to flowering early October, November open of qiu ju, open late December chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum and may, July, chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum in August. Chrysanthemum flower, some scattered like fireworks, some like dragon claws, some small chrysanthemum is like a little lotus flower.
Is the nature of the chrysanthemum and shade hardy, cold winter, many flowers withered, only the strong blooming chrysanthemums.
Chrysanthemum has a high ornamental value, but also can make tea. Chrysanthemum tea heat spent, also it can hurt the disinfection effect. Chrysanthemum high ornamental value, not only can make tea, also can be used as a medicine, chrysanthemum do Chinese traditional medicine can relieve a cough, can cure sore throat.
Our country is the home of chrysanthemum, planting a long history, as early as three thousand years ago have relevant records. Many scholars have written many praise chrysanthemum qing li is decorous, not afraid of frost's poetry. Such as in the ancient prose "chrysanthemum sexual hardy, with both drop, flowers is shattered and chrysanthemum sheng alone." Big literary giant su shi "the Netherlands has no with rain cover, chrysanthemum remnants of resists the frost branches."
We learned from chrysanthemum strong unyielding spirit, I like chrysanthemum!
菊花
我喜欢的花有很多，有清新的百合，雪白的茉莉，素雅的水仙，鲜艳的玫瑰，也有代表爱的康乃馨……它们有优雅的气质，舒适的芬芳，但我最喜欢的还是那遇见风霜雨雪绝不低头的菊花。
菊花与梅，兰，竹合称为“四君子”，别名黄花，属菊科，是宿根花卉。菊花盛开后，清香四溢，它的花瓣如丝，如爪。一层层的花瓣好似是在漆黑的天幕中绽放一颗颗明亮的烟花，它的花瓣稍向外翘起，美丽极了。菊花的颜色也很多，或黄，或白，或赭，或红，种类繁多。
菊花的品种更多，按时可分成九到十月开花的早菊，十一月份开的秋菊，十二月开的晚菊，此外还有五月菊，七月菊，八月菊等。菊花的花型美不胜收，有的像散开的烟花，有的像蛟龙的爪子，有些小菊花则像小朵的荷花。
菊花的习性是喜阴耐寒，寒冷的冬天时，许多花都凋谢了，只有菊花坚强的盛开着。
菊花的观赏价值很高，而且还可以泡茶。菊花茶清热去火，还可以对外伤起到消毒作用。菊花不仅观赏价值高，可以泡茶，还可以入药，菊花做的中药可以缓解咳嗽，也可以治喉咙痛。
我国是菊花的故乡，种植历史相当悠久，早在三千多年前就有相关记载。许多文人雅士曾写下过许多赞颂菊花清丽高雅，不畏寒霜的诗句。如古文中的“菊花性耐寒，严霜既降，百花零落，唯菊独盛。”大文豪苏轼的“荷尽已无擎雨盖，菊残犹有傲霜枝。”
我们从菊花身上学到了坚强不屈的精神，我喜欢菊花!
❹ 扬中名思教育 中考英语说明文写作:罗列方法
记得有人说过这样一段话：花开了，我们感激；花败了，我们回忆。心开了，我们怀念；心灰了，我们放弃。
有的人，一直坐在旋转木马上追逐幸福，却抱怨追不到，其实我们都忘了：追逐幸福本身就是一种幸福！这个世界，有太多的人就是这样――生在福中不知福。也许我们一直在努力寻找的东西就在身边，只是我们未曾发现。
上帝总是公平的：不会给予每个人太多，也不会给予每个人太少。
在人生与命运的交叉点上，我们在寻找快乐与希望，或许因为如此，我们在努力去追求与寻找时，原本握在手中的也遗失了。始终弄不明白：是遗失的才会美好还是美好的才会遗失。我小心翼翼地观赏着手中舞蹈着的幸福，不敢去握住她，因为害怕握住的只是舞过的痕迹。于是我学会了站在彼岸观看我的、你的、他的――我们的青春：轰轰烈烈、平平淡淡、安安静静，一首错综的交响曲，记下了青春的飞扬。岁月在行走，我们在成长。错过了太多，也遇见了太多，在岁月无情的变迁中，季节输给了岁月，我们输给了季节。可是，我们还是学会了感激，也学会了庆幸。感激四季的变化教会我们成长，庆幸我们没有在奔跑的时间中遗失太多。
选一个小的行囊，我们就可装下整个世界。于是，我们懂得了满足，所以我们微笑。我们的世界也在这微笑的瞬间变得明朗。人生的旅途，我们就可以背着整个时间去流浪。
正如某人所说：世界就是这样，已经很奇妙了，我们只管欣赏。怀着三分感激，两分庆幸和五分满足，我们的世界就会变得精彩。
其实幸福很简单，只是我们懂得珍惜。
四季在轮回，季节在交替，一切不变的，只有改变。
生命需要长度，人生需要广度，命运需要深度。在岁月的长河中，轻轻地握住满足，悄悄地捎份庆幸，静静地怀份感激，生活就会简单而幸福！
❺ 高中英语说明文的写作应注意哪些
说明文的写作抄应该注意的事项有下袭面几点:
1.语言简明扼要通俗易懂避免夸张华丽的辞藻要把真实的一面展现在读者面前；
2.说明时一定要把握一个中心主题.说明文中细枝末节较多但不能喧宾夺主；
3.说明的次序非常重要.合理的次序会使文章条理清楚脉络明晰.因此练习时可以尝试不同的次序进行写作找出最合理的一种；
4.由于说明文写实性较强有时难免会让人感到没有生气.因此可以适当使用一些比喻拟人等修辞手段来增加文章的色彩。
英语说明文写作要点：
说明文是阐述事物的特征本质性能结构用途或科学原理的一种文体.其说明的对象可以是具体的如:自然环境仪表设备等;也可以是抽象的如概念定律等。
说明文的写作相对于论说文来说有一定的套路可循因此不是十分复杂.说明科技方面的内容常用定义法比较对比法分类法因果法等;说明自然环境方面的内容常用时间次序法分类法等.当然随着对象的不同具体应该采用的方法也会有所不同。
❻ 英语写作（议论文、记叙文、说明文）适用句型
一、…the + …est + 名词 +（that）+ 主词 + haveever + seen（known/heard/had/read，etc） …the most + 形容词 + 名词 +（that）+ 主词 + have ever + seen（known/heard/had/read，etc） 例句： Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。 Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
二、Nothing is + …er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V 例句： Nothing is more important than to receive ecation. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、…cannot emphasize the importance of …too much.（再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过） 例句： We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
四、There is no denying that + S + V …（不可否认的……） 例句： There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子…（全世界都知道……） 例句： It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that + 句子…（毫无疑问的……） 例句： There is no doubt that our ecational system leaves something to be desired. 毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。
七、An advantage of …is that + 句子（……的优点是……） 例句： An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create（proce）any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
八、The reason why + 句子 …is that + 句子（……的原因是……） 例句： The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us. 我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子（如此……以致于……） 例句： So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。
十、Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be，S + V…（虽然……） 例句： Rich as our country is，the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不} 虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
十一、The +…er + S + V，…the + …er + S + V… The + more + Adj + S + V，…the + more + Adj + S + V…（愈……愈……） 例句：Theharderyouwork，themoreprogressyoumake. 你愈努力，你愈进步。 Themorebooksweread，themorelearnedwe become. 我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。
十二、By+Ving，…can…（借着……，……能够……） 例句：Bytakingexercise，wecanalwaysstayhealthy. 借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。 十三、…enable+Object（受词）+to+V（……使……能够……） 例句：. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
十四、Onnoaccountcanwe+V…（我们绝对不能……） 例句：. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。 十五、Itistime+S+过去式（该是……的时候了） 例句： . 该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
十六、Thosewho…（……的人……） 例句：. 违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
十七、Thereisnoonebut…（没有人不……） 例句：. 没有人不渴望上大学。
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V（不得不……） 例句：，. 既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。
十九、It isconceivablethat+句子（可想而知的） Itisobviousthat+句子（明显的） Itisapparentthat+句子（显然的） 例句： importantroleinourlife. 可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
二十、Thatisthereasonwhy……（那就是……的原因） 例句：Summerissultry.Thatisthereasonwhy Idon'tlikeit. 夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
二十一、Forthepast+ 时间，S + 现在完成式。（过去……年来，……一直……） 例句：Forthepasttwoyears，. 过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。
二十二、Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式 例句：Sincehewenttoseniorhighschool，he hasworkedveryhard. 自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
二十三、Itpaysto + V……（……是值得的） 例句：Itpaystohelpothers. 帮助别人是值得的。
二十四、bebasedon（以……为基础） 例句： harmony. 社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
二十五、Sparenoeffortto+V（不遗余力的） 例句：. 我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
二十六、bringhometo+人+事（让……明白……事） 例句：. 我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
二十七、becloselyrelatedto…（与……息息相关） 例句：. 做运动与健康息息相关。
二十八、Getintothehabitof+Ving=makeitaruleto+V（养成……的习惯）
hours. 我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。
二十九、Dueto/Owingto/Thanksto+N/Ving，…（因为……） 例句：Thankstohisencouragement，Ifinallyrealizedmydream. 因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。
三十、Whata+Adj+N+S+V！=How+Adj+a+N+V！（多么……！） 例句：！ ！ 遵守诺言是多么重要的事！
三十一、Leavemuchtobedesired（令人不满意） 例句： tobedesired. 我们的交通状况令人不满意。
三十二、Haveagreatinfluenceon……（对……有很大的影响） 例句：. 抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
三十三、dogoodto（对……有益），doharmto（对……有害） 例句：Readingdoesgoodtoourmind.读书对心灵有益。 Overworkdoesharmtohealth.工作过度对健康有害。
三十四、Poseagreatthreatto…（对……造成一大威胁） 例句：. 污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。
三十五、doone'sutmostto+V=doone'sbest（尽全力去……） 例句：. 我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。
1. When asked about…, most people say… But many other people regard…as… I personally think…当被问及对……有什么看法时，大多数人认为……但是，还有很多人认为……我个人认为……
2. When it comes to…, some people think that… Others argue that the opposite is true. There is probably some truth to both arguments, but…
涉及……这一问题，有的人认为应该……另一些人持相反意见。也许双方的观点都有一定道理，但是……
3. It is widely acknowledged that…contributed to… Experts argue that China must introce… But I doubt whether…alone will solve the problem。
人们普遍认为……专家认为中国必须推行……但我对仅仅……就能解决问题表示怀疑。
4. An increasing number of people are joining… In reaction to the phenomenon, some say… But do they realize that…can also lead to…
越来越多的人……进入了……针对这一现象，一些人认为……但是，他们有没有意识到……也能导致……
5. One of the pressing problem facing our nation (China) today is…and…
我们国家(中国)如今面临的紧迫问题之一是……
6. Perhaps the most dangerous phenomenon gripping the nation today is…
也许当今困扰国家的最危险的现象是……
7. Never before in history has the issue of…been more evident than now。
历史上，……的问题从来没有比现在更加突出。
8. Perhaps it is time to reexamine the idea that…
也许现在是应该重新考虑……的时候了。
9. A growing number of people are beginning to realize that…is not the sole prerequisite for happiness。
越来越多的人开始意识到……并不是幸福的唯一条件。
10. Years of observing human behavior has enabled me to conclude that the major difference between…and…lies solely with…
对人们行为的多年观察使我能够得出这样的结论：……和……的主要区别仅仅在于……
11. There has been undesirable trend in recent years towards… A recent survey showed that…percent of respondents ranked…as their top priority, compared to…percent only a few years ago. Why do people fail to realize that…?
近年来出现了对社会有害的……倾向。最近的一项调查表明，……的调查对象把……作为他们的首选，相比之下，就在几年前，只有……的人这样想。为什么人们没能意识到……不一定带来幸福呢？
12. I recently read a newspaper article on… The deplorable problem of…has aroused public concern nationwide。
最近，我在报纸上读到一篇关于……的文章。……的问题令人深感遗憾，它已经引起了全国公众的关注。
13. Judging from the reams of evidence presented, we can safely conclude that…
根据现有的大量证据，我们可以有把握地得出这样的结论：……
14.Along with the development of…, more and more…
随着……的发展，越来越多……
15.In the past few years, there has been a sharp growth/boom/decline in…
在过去几年内，……有显著增长/激增/明显滑坡……
16.The ample evidence presented enables us to reasonably conclude that…
提出的充分证据使我们能够合理地得出这样的结论：……
17.While the rhythm/pace/tempo of people’s living is speeding up, a lot of changes have taken place in…
人民生活节奏加快的同时，……也发生了很多变化。
18.With the fantastic spur both in instry and its economy in China, the number of…is on the rise
随着中国工业经济的迅猛发展，……的数目不断上升。
19.It is commonly believed that the rise in…is the inevitable result of economic development。
人们普遍认为，……的增长是经济发展的必然结果。
20.In recent years, China has experienced an alarming increase in…
最近几年来，中国……有了惊人的增长。
1我告诉他别乱动，否则照片没法拍了。
I told him to stay put long enough for the photo to be taken
2晚会结束后，女孩子们留下来帮助清扫。
Girls stayed behind after the party to help clean up
3我一心只想帮忙，忘记了人多反而误事。
I only wished to help， forgetting that it might turn out to be a case of too many cooks
4食堂的饭菜多得令人眼花缭乱，都不知道选什么好了。
There are always a large varieties of food and dishes at our dining hall We are spoiled for choice
5在众人面前发言总是令我紧张不堪。Speaking in front of a lot of people always gets on my nerves
6你会发现他这人一言九鼎。
You’ll find that he is just as good as his word
7我没那样讲过。我搞不懂他为什么硬说我讲过了。
I didn’t say that I couldn’t understand why he put words in my mouth)
8点龙虾呢还是要牛排呢，我吃不准。
I can’t decide between the lobster and the steak
9那件事最终促使我离职。
That decided me to leave my job
10我本想当画家的，但命运却为我另作了安排。
I had wanted to be a painter， but destiny decided otherwise
11他不会去的：他在这一点上相当坚决。
He won’t go: he’s quite decided about it
12他脸上流露着明显的内疚。
Guilt was written all over his face
13他的英语并没什么了不起的。
His English is nothing much to write home about
14司机在车祸中只受了轻伤，幸免于难，但汽车却完全报废了。
The driver survived the crash with minor injuries， but the car was completely written of.
❼ 英语作文万能模板
一.用于作文开头的万能模板
1、Many people insist that...很多人(坚持)认为……
这句话乍看没亮点，但将众人皆知的"think"换为"insist"有没有觉得高大上了许多？
2、With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that...随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为……
3、A lot of people seem to think that...很多人似乎认为……
二.引出不同观点的万能模板
1、People's views on... vary from person to person. Some hold that... . However, others believe that....人们对……的观点因人而异。有些人认为.....然而其他人却认为……
看这个长度就已然鹤立鸡群。其实，也是一个蛮简单也好记的模板。
2、Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. 人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异。
乍一看，跟上句的开头神似，其实就是省略掉了"people's"，不仅清爽而且好像高端了一些。
3、People may have different opinions on...人们对……可能会有不同的见解。
又是一个婉转的句子，展示其客观性。
4、There are different opinions among people as to...关于……人们的观点大不相同。
"different"虽拉低了水准，但"as to"又拯救了回来。
5、Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure).对(失败)人们的态度各不相同。
这句话貌似亮点不多，顶多一个"hold"，但也是安全牌，容易理解。
三.得出最终结论的万能模板
1、Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that...把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论……
很完全的答法，"take sth into consideration"短语的应用，加分。
2、Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that...考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论……
"Take into account sth"短语似乎又比上句的"take sth into consideration"提升了一个层次。
3、Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that...因此，自然我们得出以下结论。。。
"Hence"一词用在文章中大气吧，但别平时口语中用，否则即使老外也用一种看老古董的眼神看你。。。
再特意提一句："we'd better"在这里不是“不得不”或“最好”的意思，而是一种自然而然，水到渠成的得出结论。
4、There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点。
短语"there is no doubt that"上线，同时运用我们的老朋友"as well as"增加看点。
5、All in all, we cannot live without... But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.总之，我们没有……是无法生活的。但同时，我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。
这句话一般用于作文结尾，属万能句式，句式较为简单，方便操作。
四.提出最终建议的万能模板
1、It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。
"It is high time" 打头，为该句增色。注：that 后跟虚拟语气，后跟动词的一般过去式，表示“是某人做。。。的时候了”或者“是某人不做。。。的时候了”
2、It is time to take the advice of ... and to put special emphasis on the improvement of ...该是采纳……的建议，并对……的进展给予非常重视的时候了。
去掉一个"high"，画风完全不一样，不用过去式，只需用"to do"来替代。
3、There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of ...毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够的重视。
"there is no doubt that"+被动还是蛮经典的组合。
4、Obviously,.... If we want to do something... , it is essential that...显然，如果我们想做某事，我们需要……
这句有些老生常谈，稍微不“常”的就是"essential" 替代了"important"。
5、Only in this way can we... 只有这样,我们才能...
Only+倒装，经典万能句式，还能看出点水平呢。
6、It must be realized that... 我们必须意识到...
把人人都会的"I realized"升格为被动语态，省略了主语，监考老师绝对会眼前一亮的！
五.英语四级作文预示后果万能模板
1、Obviously, if we don't control the problem, the chances are that... will lead us in danger.很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险。
"the chances are that"替代了"may"，果然说话拐弯的生物不止是中国人。
2、No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that...毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则很可能会……
作文结尾万用句，毫无破绽。
3、It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展。
"It is urgent that"+被动，效果不错滴。
❽ 求英文说明文模板
英文说明文模板,从比较对照、分类、特征、因果、人物描写、地点描写、物体描写分别讲解，最后附上常用的句型。
说明文是对事情的发生、发展、结果、特征、性质、状态、功能等进行解释、介绍、阐述的一种文体。这类文章的目的和性质是客观地介绍、解释事物，使读者获得知识和信息，并不需要发表主张、做出证明。一般说来，知识简介，商品介绍，旅游指南，科技读物，工作总结，实验报告，教材辅导等均属说明文之列。
写说明文，可以按时间、空间、结构、逻辑顺序来写，也可以采取举例、比较、对比、分类、分析、说明、叙述等方法。
1.比较对照
比较对照有两种，一是逐点比较，二是整块比较，即AB交错或先A后B：
1）逐点比较：多数人认为这种AB交错的方式可以避免行文的单调沉闷，对比的效果更鲜明突出。如：
There are basic differences between largeand small enterprises. In a small enterprise, you operated mainly throughpersonal contacts. In a large enterprise, you have established “policies” ,“channels” of organization, and fairly strict procere. In the smallenterprise you have immediate effectiveness in a very small area. You can seethe effect of your work and of your decisions ground. In the large organizationyou are normally taught one thing thoroughly. In the small one the danger is ofbecoming a Jack-of-all-trades-but-master-of-none. In the large it is ofbecoming the man who knows more and more about less and less.
2) 整块比较
It is easy to be a winner. A winner canshow his joy publicly. He can laugh and sing and dance and celebrate hisvictory. People love to be with winners. Winners are never lonely. Unlikewinners, losers are the lonely ones of the world. It is difficult to facedefeat with dignity. Losers can not show their disappointment publicly. Theycan not cry or grieve about their defeat. They may suffer privately, but theymust be composed in public. They have nothing to celebrate and no one to sharetheir sadness.
2.分类
分类是人类认识客观世界的重要手段之一，也是描写事物、解释观点最有效的方式之一。通过将一事物分类，可使复杂事物变得清晰明了，便于作者阐述自己的观点。
分类段落的各类排列要条理，可采用从主要到次要，从次要到主要，从多到少或从少到多等方式排列，亦可平行排列。如：
1） As far as political views are concerned, people fall into threecategories. First are the conservative people. Conservatives are opposed tosudden or great changes. Second are the liberal people.These people are infavor of progress and reform. But their opinions often seem to idealistic. Thethird type is the moderate people. The moderates keep everything withinreasonable limits. They are more practical in this hard world. In my opinion,most people seem to belong to this group.
本段采用平行排列的方式，按人的政治观点分为三类：保守、自由和温和。
2) These are several reasons why I decidedtom attend Bingston University . First of all, the tuition is reasonable.Secondly, the university has a deferred payment plan., which lessons the loadof peasant families like mine. Another reason is that Bingston has the finestteachers in its graate program. My chief reason, however, is Bingston’sprogram in agriculture, my chosen field, which is recognized as the leader inthis area.
该段采用主次排列的方式，分析了作者决定上Bingston大学的原因。
3) According to Mr. Li, the fifteenstudents of his cLASS fall into three groups. Seven of them work hard and studywell. They always get good marks in examinations and are often praised by theteachers. Li calls them “good students”. The monitor, the secretary of theYouth League, and the captain of the cLASS volleyball team, are quick infinding out what their fellow students are interested in or what they should doas a collective. They always organize proper activities at the proper time. SoLi calls them “good organizers”. Four other students are very kind to theircLASSmates, always ready to lend them a helping hand. They help to clean thecLASSroom and the corridor even when they are not on ty. Li says that theyare “ good comrades”. “What about yourself?” someone asks him. “I’m a group bymy self ——a good observer”.
该段不同于以上两段，不是先分类再解释，而是先说明其特点，然后定义分类。虽分类并不科学，却达到了其幽默之目的。
3.特征
例证指具体说明人或事物特点、本质及其规律的方法。所用例子需有代表性、典型性。例证型段落的写作方式多为先提出主题再列举事例。在事例之前一般有For example或For instance。例证后面，根据情况还可以加上结论句。如：
In order to prevent non-smokers from beingaffected, measures must be taken to rece the chances of smoking. A lot ofwork can be done concerning this. For example, in some public places, such asin the theatres and cinemas, smoking should be forbidden. Even on the train orplane people should not be allowed to smoke. Doctors, teachers and governmentleaders should take the lead not to smoke. Above all, the harmfulness anddangers caused by smoking should be made known to all through newspapers,broadcast, or TV programs. Also the growing of tobacco and the proction ofcigarettes should not be encouraged. If these measures can be taken, we caneffectively rece the chances of smoking.
4 因果
因果是两个事物之间的关系。一些说明文，议论文通过分析因果关系说明一个中心思想。如不能把因果关系解释清楚，文章将无法说明任何主题。
因果型段落的扩展模式有两种，一是分类编法，另一个是连环编排法。如果只讨论成因或只讨论结果，细节比较简单，只需按其重要性或其逻辑顺序进行编排。分类编排法指先讨论原因，然后讨论结果；或先讨论结果，后讨论原因。
1）分类编排法：
Music is my chief hobby. When I listen tomusic, good things happen to me. If I am lonely or homesick, I listen to popmusic. The quick rhythm, the strong beats of drums lift my sprits. If I amfamiliar with a song, I will sing alone with it and my depression disappears.When I am bored or very tired, I listen to Mozart. His music makes me feelalive. Music also reminds me of home. Before I came to college, my sisters andI would listen to music and sing songs together and cheer us. Now I enjoylistening to music and singing with my roommates because their smiles make meremember the happy times with my family. For me, music is an excellent escape,and without it, I wouldn’t be so happy。
2) 连环编排法是先讨论一组因果，再一组因果，再一组因果，形成一个锁链。当因果紧密相连，前一果为后一果之因时，经常使用这种方式。
Students shouldn’t stay up so late. Becauseof the pressure of examinations, many students burn night candles. The nextday, they have to get enough sleep. As a result, many of them get sleepy inClASs. They couldn’t catch what the teacher says. Not having studied theirlessons well, they find it difficult to make good performance in examinations.So, it is not worthwhile to stay up late if you want to study well.
5.人物描写
人物描写包括外部特征、性格特征、思想状态、行为语言等，用于表现人物精神面貌、披露人物内心活动、揭示人物性格变化，借以突出作品主题思想。如：
My sister is a boyish girl. She has shortand straight hair like a boy’s. She likes white, black and grey colors, as mostboys do. She never cares for shirts, stockings but loves jackets and jeans.Sometimes she wears a men’s suit and leather shores as if she were a gentleman.Basketball and football are her favorite sports. She also enjoys watchingboxing. She always shouts and cheers excitedly when she is watching a footballmatch. When she is with her friends, she always says Ladies first” to othergirls. The most interesting thing is that she has been mistaken for a boy manytimes. And she is pleased with that. She always says that she should be a boy.
第一句作者明确表示他眼中的妹妹是个男孩子气十足的小姑娘。这样读者大都会在心中勾画出一种从长相、穿着到言谈举止都特男孩化的女孩。下文作者正是通过穿着、外貌和性格等方面向读者展现一个活生生的人物形象。
6.地点描写
地点描写指用生动形象的语言对某一地点、某一环境进行具体逼真的描绘，使读者如临其境、如睹其物。地点描写的对象可大可小，在可以为城市、国家，小可是一间教室，一个房间。
地点描写自然按空间顺序排列，作者应立足于一个出发点，由远及近，由近到远，从里到外，从外到里，由左到右，或由右到左进行描写，顺序不可混乱，否则读者会迷失方向。如下面一段作者从大门开始，由外向里逐步介绍学校的布置，读者如同跟着作者参观了一所校园。
Now I will show you around our school. Itis one of the largest middle schools in the city. When you step into the gate,you will see a beautiful flower bed before you. In the middle of the flower bedthere is a fountain with many colored flowers around it. If you walk along theschool road, you will come to the playground, on each side of which are rows oftrees. We often read books under the trees. On the right of the playground aretwo ClASsroom buildings. On the left is the newly-built four-storyed building.I’m lucky to study here. I love my school very much.
7.物体描写
描写物体时应侧重物的形状、规格大小、颜色和功能。任何一段文字都应有叙述的中心，对物的描写也不例外。同样，主题句也应反映出作者对所要描写物体的看法、态度。如：
The first thing I notice in the bride’sroom is the beautiful curtain. This curtain is patchwork in design, and is sewnout of squares of materials of different colors like white, light green, brownand orange. It is made of silk, trimmed with delicate braids. It is about sixfeet long and hangs from a wooden rail. The curtain matches perfectly with thedark wooden rail and furniture in the room.
通过主题句可以看出作者想向读者描写的是一幅漂亮的窗帘。
1．表示原因
1）There are three reasons for this．
2）The reasons for this are as follows．
3）The reason for this is obvious．
4）The reason for this is not far to seek．
5）The reason for this is that．．．
6）We have good reason to believe that．．．
2．表示好处
1）It has the following advantages．
2）It does us a lot of good．
3）It benefits us quite a lot．
4）It is beneficial to us．
5）It is of great benefit to us．
3．表示坏处
1）It has more disadvantages than advantages．
2）It does us much harm．
3）It is harmful to us．
4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for sb．todo sth．
2）We think it necessary to do sth．
3）It plays an important role in our life．
5．表示措施
1）We should take some effective measures．
2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties．
3）We should do our utmost in doing sth．
4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．
6．表示变化
1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．
2）A great change will certainly be proced in theworld’s communications．
3）The computer has brought about many changes inecation．
7．表示事实、现状
1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．．
2）No one can deny the fact that．．．
3）There is no denying the fact that．．．
4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interestedin．
5）However，that’s not the case．
8．表示比较
1）Compared with A，B．．．
2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV．
3）There is a striking contrast between them．
9．表示数量
1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．．
2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000．
3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％ compared with that of January．
10．表示看法
1）People have（take，adopt，assume）differentattitudes towards sth．
2）People have different opinions on this problem．
3）People take different views of（on）the question．
4）Some people believe that．．．Othersargue that．．．
11．表示结论
1）In short，it can be said that ．．．
2）It may be briefly summed up as follows．
3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ．．．
12．套语
1）It’s well known to us that ．．．
2）As is known to us，．．．
3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about．
4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，itcan be seen that ．．．
5）As a proverb says，“Wherethere is a will，there is a way．