英语写作常用衔接词教学内容

㈠ 求英语口语中和写作中常用的连词 或者连接短语

我自己学习时，总结的，还没有结束，分享给你吧！

1.If only and only if
If only
（1）在if only这个短语中，中心词是从属连接词if, 而副词only只是加强if的语气的，因此，if only仅仅是if的一种强化形式，不仅能表达说话人的愿望，而且能表达条件。因此，它同if一样，译为“如果”，也能引出条件状语从句。
Ex：If only they were here now, we would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary.如果他们现在在这里，我们就能庆祝他们的结婚纪念日了。
（2）if only常常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾，因此，主要用在虚拟语气中，用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。常被译为“但愿”、“要是……该多好啊”等。
Ex：If only she could have lived a little longer. 要是她能活得再长一些，那该多好啊！
（3）if only有时也可以写成if…only。
Ex：① If she would only come! 但愿他能来。
② If I only knew! 要是我知道该多好！
（4）if only从句在大多数情况下用作虚拟条件句，但是偶尔也有用在真实条件句的情况。常被译为“只要, 只要...就好” 等。
Ex：He will succeed if only he does his best. 只要他竭尽全力，他就会成功。
Only if
“只有……(才)；只有在……的时候，唯一的条件是……” only if 有时也写成only...if，表示唯一的条件，但是意思不变。
Ex：① I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard. 我告诉他，只有努力才能成功。
② I will only come home if you come with me. （= I will come home only if you come with me.） 只有你跟我一起走，我才回家。
③Yet they could only get the blood if one of the frightened children would agree to give it. 可以改写成：Yet they could get the blood only if one of the frightened children would agree to give it. 但是，只有这些受惊吓的孩子中有人自愿献血，他们才能够得到血。
If only和Only If的用法区别：
从上面的分析，我们还可以看出if only和only if这两个短语都可以用来引导条件从句，表示主句所需要的“条件”，但是两者有差异，主要表现在说话人的语义意图等方面。
（1） If only引导的条件句，通常用来表示说话人对某事所寄予的某种强烈愿望，相当于as long as。它可以独立使用，用来表示由于客观条件限制，为某事不大可能或完全不可能实现而感到惋惜或遗憾的复杂心情，常用虚拟语气。
Ex：If only I were as clever as you！要是我像你一样聪明该多好啊！
（2） Only if 引起的条件状语从句，是一个对“条件”限制更严的“限制性条件状语从句”，表示“只有……(才) ；只有在……的时候；唯一的条件是……”的意思；与if引起的一般条件句相比，它有一种增强主句语势的作用。
Ex：Only if the case is urgent should you call out the doctor in the middle of the night. 只有患者情况紧急时，你才可以在半夜叫医生看病。
2.not only...but also... 不但...而且...
（1）连接两个主语. Not only he but also you are wrong.
（2）连接两个宾语. He is learning not only French but also English.
（3）连接两个表语. She is not only a scientist but also a writer.
（4）连接两个谓语. They not only made a promise, but also kept it.
（5）连接两个状语. I take what you say not only pleasantly but also gratefully.
（6）Not only +倒装语序，but also + 陈述语序
①Not only is Cheryl a good swimmer, but she's also a promising musician and a great photographer.
②Not only did I forget my train ticket, but I also forgot my passport.
③Not only was Ellen there, but Wanda and Dale came too
（7）Not only… but also… 其中also可以省略，例如: They’re not only dirty, but they smell, too! 他们不只是脏，而且他们也很臭.
3.Only that 要不是, 若非
注意与上短语有相近意义的还有如下一些词组:
but that; only for; but for; if not; if not for; if it were no for; had it not been for; were it not for等。
（1）Only that it rains today, I would go. (Subjunctive mood)
（2）I would have failed but that you helped me. 要不是你们帮助我，我就会失败。
（3）But for my brother's help, I would not have finished. 要不是我兄弟的帮助，我是无法完成的。
4.Only by ... Can... 只有...才能...
Only you know of my personality best. 只有你最了解我的个性
Only you can tolerate everything of mine. 因为只有你能包容我的一切
5.Only just 刚刚, 恰好
这个习惯用语表示2个意思：
（1）“刚刚好”，例如：I've only just moved to New York. 我刚刚搬到纽约来。
（2）还可以表示“差一点，几乎没有...”例如：He only just caught the train.他差点就没赶上火车。I've got enough milk for the coffee - but only just.我的牛奶刚刚够喝咖啡用的。
6.Only too 非常; 实在; 太; 可惜
这个习惯用语表示“很，非常”，与very差不多，例如：That's only too true. 我看这事是真的。言外之意就是“说话者但愿这件事不是真的”。再举个例子 I shall be only too pleased to get home.一想到回家我就会很高兴。
7.Only to do something 反而，却，不料竟会..., 没想到会...
用来指随即就要发生的事，尤其指那些让人惊讶，失望，或放心的事情，例如：I got home only to find I'd left all my keys at the office. 我到家了才发现钥匙落在办公室了。
8.Only not 简直是, 跟...差不多
In fact I come here usually, only not leave my post.
9.Before long and Long before
Before long
是“很快，不久以后”的意思, 可以用于各种时态。例如:
（1）I'll see the film before long 我不久就要看这部电影。
（2）Before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water. 不久，轰鸣声完全消失了，这只船开始慢悠悠地漂浮在水面上。
（3）Before long the war broke out and he joined the army. 很快战争爆发了，他参军了。
Long before
是“很久以前”的意思。单独使用, 一般用在过去完成时的句子里。
（1）She said she had seen the film long before. 她说她很久以前就看过这部电影。
（2）He joined the army long before the war broke out. 在战争爆发前很久他就参军了。
10.Neither…nor… 既不…也不…
(1)连接两个主语. Neither she nor I have been to Japan．
(2)连接两个宾语. ①He knows neither English nor French. ②The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.
(3)连接两个表语. She is neither a scientist nor a writer.
(4)连接两个谓语. They neither made a promise, nor kept it.
(5)连接两个状语. I take what you say neither pleasantly nor gratefully.
(6)neither +倒装语序，nor +倒装语序
当neither/not…nor引导两个分句时，这两个分句中的主谓均要倒装。例如：
①Neither do I know her address，nor does he. 我不知道她的地址，他也不知道。
②Not could the patient eat，nor could he drink. 那个病人既不能吃，也不能喝。
(7).“Neither/Nor+助动词+主语”，是用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样看法的句型。例如：
①He won’t go, Neither/Nor will I.她不走，我也不。
②I cannot swim. Neither can he (swim). 我不会游泳，他也不会。
11.Either… or… 或者… 或者…
是指有两样东西，只能选择其一。例如：
（1）作主语或连接主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：
①Either of the films is good. 两部电影其中一部好看。
②Either Chris or Joseph will be the winner tonight. Chris 或 Joseph 其中一位将成为今晚的赢家。
（2）作宾语。例如：He wrote to either of them. 他给他们中的一个人写了信。
（3）作定语。例如：Either teacher often answers the questions.这两个老师中有一位常常解答问题。
12.both．．．and．．．不但…而且…； 既…又…
（1）Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。
（2）The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish. 这位秘书不但能讲而且能写西班牙语。
（3）The delegates visited both New York and Boston. 代表们既访问了纽约又访问了波士顿。
13.not a （用于名词前）一个也不；没有
not a breath of air. 一点风也没有
“How much did this cost?” “Not a penny!” “花多少钱买的？”“一分钱没花！”
14.Why not +动词原形 表达向某人提出建议 ...
Why not take a holiday? 干吗不去度假?
15.not at all （对赞美或感谢的回答）别客气，没什么；根本不
Not at all是口语中一个十分常见的表达，由于其实际意思往往与其字面意思相去甚远。现将主要用法归纳如下。
(1)用于回答感谢，意为“不用谢；不客气”。如：
——Thank you very much．多谢你了。
——Not at a11. 不客气。
——Thanks for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。
——Not at a11. I enjoyed it. 别客气，很高兴能帮你。
——Thank you very much. 非常感谢你。
——Not at a11. Il was the least I could do. 不用谢，这是我应该做的。
(2)用于回答带有感谢性质的客套话。意为“没什么；哪里哪里”。如：
——You are very kind．你真好。
——Not at all. 没什么。
——It's very kind of you．你真客气。
——Not at a11. 哪里哪里。
(3)用于回答道歉，意为“没关系”。如：
——I'm sorry I'm late. 对不起，我迟到了。
——Oh，not at all，do come in. 噢，没关系，请进来。
——I'm sorry to keep you waiting．对不起，让你久等了。
——Oh，not at a11. I've been here only a few minutes．哦，没关系，我也刚到几分钟。
(4)用来表示否定(是No的加强说法)，意为“一点也不：完全不”。如：
——Are you busy? 你忙吗?
——Not at a11. 一点不忙。
——Is it difficult to study English? 英语难学吗?
——Not at a11. 一点不难。
——I’11 be away on a business trip．Would you mind looking after my cat? 我要因公出差，请帮我照看一下我的猫，你介意吗?
——Not at all. I’ll be happy to．一点不介意，我很乐意。
16.not to say 几乎是；也许还；简直可以说; 虽然说不上, 即使不能说
（1）She sounded impolite, not to say rude. 她的话听来很不礼貌，简直可以说是粗鲁。
（2）This is not to say that these categories have disappeared. Rather, they are mixing and interacting in new ways .简直可以说这些种类已经消失，更准确的说他们正以新的方式混合交替作用。
17.and what not 诸如此类
18.not all that 不那么...(地)
注意与下列句子的区别：Not all that is famous is important and not all that is important is famous. 并不是所有著名的都是重要的，也不是所有重要的都是著名的
19.Not ...But... 不是...而是
与not that ... but that ... 不是(因为)...而是(因为) ...相类似
(1)I am not saying she is the ultimate authority but she can put the two cultures in perspective.
(2)I knew I was not going to like the answers I got back but I had to ask anyway.
20.But then again 即使是这样…又…；但是另一方面，却…
(1)But then again we have to think about the kind of influence it is going to have on young people all over the world considering who they are.
(2)But then again, he would probably think it a terrible waste that Simon Hogg chose to edit Juice instead of designing aero planes or building nuclear reactors.
21.not that ... 并不是；倒不是
Not that is famous is important and not that is important is famous. 并不是著名的就是重要的，也不是重要的就是著名的。
22.not so 不是那样
（1）Tax overhaul is not so sweeping.
（2）Not-so-lucky Labor kicks off with Kylie question.
23.not with it [美俚]局外人（n.）
24.the more …, the more … and the more…, the less…
the more …, the more … 译为“越…越….”；the more…, the less… 译为“越…越不…”。例如：
（1）The more angry he became, the more she laughed at him.
（2）The more difficult the questions are, the less likely I am to be able to answer them.
25.more or less 差不多；或多或少
We hope our explanation will prove more or less helpful.
26.no more and no longer
no longer 和 no more，在汉语中都有“不再”的意思，但是 no longer 更侧重于强调时间上“不再”，而 no more 更侧重于强调数量上 “不再”。另外，no more还有“也不；都不”的意思。
（1）He can't afford a new car, and no more can I.（倒装）
（2）We have no more chances to win. ( We do not have any other chances to win.)
（3）I am no longer a student. ( I used to be a student, but I am not a student now.)
（4）He no longer lives here. = He doesn't live here any longer. = He doesn't live here any more
27.just about几乎；正是…附近
另外，例如：Just the same = Nevertheless. 然而，不过；just after在...之后就；just as
正像, 就...样子，正当；just as it is恰好如此, 照原样；just as they were恰好如此, 照原样；just now刚才, 前一会儿，现在, 这会儿；just on差不多; 将近；just so正是那样；
just then就在这时候, 那时候；just yet这时还(不能)...；not just ... but不仅...而且。
（1）I met him just about here. 我就是在这附近遇到他的。
（2）They had just about won the game when they had to stop playing. 他们眼看就要赢得这场比赛,却不得不停下来了。
（3）He's just about to leave. 他刚要走。
（4）Our team just about won the game - we finished only one goal ahead.我们队几乎输了这场比赛 - 终场时我们只领先一球。
28.as yet 迄今；到目前为止
与其有相近意义的短语和词汇还有：up to now；till now； to now； until now；until till now；to date；to this day；so far；thus far；by far；up to the present； to the present；until the present time；heretofore； hereunto； hitherto；
（1）As yet, no man has set foot on Mars. 到目前为止还没有人登上火星。
29. and yet 可是，然而
30.on the up-and-up or on the up and up 公开的，诚实的
31.up against 遭遇到；面对，例如：He was up against a strong opponent. 他面对一名较强的对手。
32.up and down 来回上下
33.up for 打算；准备，例如：The house is up for sale. 房子准备出售。
34.Up to： 搭配意义比较多。
还有一半多，粘贴不上了，已经以信息的形式发给你了，请查收！

㈡ 英语作文中的连接词有哪些

英语写作中常见的连接词，转折、补充、原因、列举~~学会用这些词，让写作更连贯。回

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㈢ 英语学习 重视语言基础教学，恰当运用英语连接词

注意英汉差异，克服“中国式英语”
在进行英文写作时，有些学生由于缺乏对英语语篇组织规律的认识，缺乏对英汉语言差异的了解，往往会把汉语的语篇组织规律，语言使用习惯等迁移到英语写作中去，按照汉语的思维方式和汉语的习惯来组织英文句子，结果造成句子逻辑混乱，写出来的句子非常生硬，甚至令人费解，“中国式英语”现象比比皆是。教师在教学过程中应注意培养学生用英语思维的意识，培养英语语感，同时注意英汉表达和文化上的差异。
英语和汉语，各自有自己独立的词汇体系，词汇含义不可能完全一一对应。语言是文化的载体，二者是密不可分、相辅相成的。但是由于各国、各民族的语言习惯、风土人情和思想观念的不同，同一个词在不同的国家或地区，即在不同的社会文化背景下，具有不同的含义。比如，汉语中有“像老黄牛一样耕作”，而英语则用“马”来表示：worklikeahorse。学习类似表达时，提醒学生注意通过语言对比了解中西方文化的差异，这样，不仅能够加深理解双方的文化，而且有助于英语学习和英文写作。英汉在表达上的差异有很多，希望在以后的学习中注意和积累有关知识，正确运用英语表达式，养成正确的语言表达习惯，使写作更加规范，提高表达能力和文章的质量。
3加强理论教学，发挥范文的作用
在日常写作教学中，教师要有意识地将成果写作法、过程写作法、体裁写作法等相关理论介绍给学生，帮助学生理解和掌握这几种写作理论的特点及异同。教师要引导学生多背一些好文章、好句子、好段落，使学生深刻了解英语的句子结构和变化规律，掌握地道的英语表达方式，提高英语表达能力。众所周知“熟读唐诗三百首，不会写诗也会吟。”坚持让学生背诵一些好文章、段落、句子、谚语等，在写作中注意引用和借鉴，使文章更加生动、形象。
教师应尽量提供各种文体的范文，范文不仅要在格式、内容要点、语法修辞上给学生树立样板，而且要考虑到英语的多种表达方法，让学生多接触正面的东西。学生可通过范文比较一下自己的习作，找出差距，明确努力的方向，快速掌握英文句子的写作技巧，使文章语句行文流畅，结构规范、语义清晰，符合英语的思维习惯和表达方式。
4重视语言基础教学，恰当运用英语连接词
在英语写作教学中，我发现许多学生由于语言基础差，句子与句子之间、段落之间缺乏相应的过渡词，缺乏逻辑性，无法把自己的思想用英语明确地表达出来。写作时常常出现措辞重复、句式单一、篇章结构衔接不畅等问题。教师在教学中注意加强语法知识，使学生明确词汇的不同用法，准确地运用语言。英语与汉语的最大区别就是英语重形合，而汉语重意合。所谓“形和”是借助语言形式手段（包括词汇手段和形态手段）实现词语或句子的连接；所谓“意和”是不借助语言形式手段而借助词语或句子所含意义的逻辑关系来实现他们之间的连接（潘文国，2004）。汉语很少使用连接词，句子显得比较松散、不紧凑，但是汉语是用句意把整个句子联系在一起的。英语非常注意用连接词来表达语法形式的完整，使句子更加严密，层次分明。恰当运用连接词可以使英文文章结构紧凑、www.homelunwen.com 毕业论文网自然顺畅。例如：We will not attack unless we are attacked.人不犯我，我不犯人。
5发挥学生的主体性，激发写作热情
传统英语写作教学的模式是“教师给出题目，提出要求，让学生在课内或课外规定的时间内完成一篇规定字数的作文，然后上交教师批改”，学生写作相当被动，缺乏写作热情，也有相当一部分学生由此对写作产生恐惧感。坚持“学生是写作的主体”，调动起学生写作的欲望，有利于学生的主动探索、主动发现、主动学习，有利于培养创造型人材。
在教学中，学生是教学的主体，教师应扮演“导演”的角色，注意激发学生的写作兴趣，变“要我写”为“我要写”，充分发挥学生的主动性。对学生英文作文中的语言错误，教师应采取宽容的态度。教师应把重点应放在善于发现学生的闪光点，看到学生的优点，比如他们所用到的优美的词语，漂亮的句子等等，要及时给与表扬和鼓励，使学生的自尊心、上进心得到强化，从而激发他们学习的斗志，激发他们的进取精神，增强他们学习英语的兴趣和动力。写作过程中，学生常常犯一些带有共性的“典型”错误，对于这些错误要认真分析，对于带有普遍性的错误要在课堂上加以解释和说明，以促进写作。

㈣ 英语中写作 连词连接两个并列句。标点符号要怎么写

在并列句中，常用的连接词有并列连词，如：and，but，or，while，版for，so，neither，nor等，还有连接副权词，如still，yet，however，consequently，there-fore，then等。还有一些相当于连接词的词组，如：on the contrary（相反），not only…but also（不仅……而且），on（the）one hand…on the other hand（一方面……另一方面）等。这些连接词在句中起连接句子的作用，同时它们还表示并列、条件、结果、转折、对照让步和因果关系。

㈤ 英语写作中表达总结意义的衔接词

in conclution, 后接句子
to conclude, 后接句子
in a word, 后接短句
Hence, 后接结论
Therefore/Thereafter, 后接结论
thus 表示结论，用法比较灵活 可以放句首，特定情况下的主语后面以及谓语后面
Admittedly, 后接句子，意思是诚然，表示让步，在文章哪里都能用
as all described/analysed/argued above, 后接句子 as has been noted 如前所述
above all 最重要的是 accordingly 于是
as a result结果 in sum 总之，简而言之 to sum up
in summary 简要地说
as i have said 如我所述 on the whole 总体来说;整个看来
at last 最后
by and large 一般说来
briefly 简单扼要地 to speak frankly 坦白地说
by doing so 如此
eventually 最后 surely 无疑
finally 最后
in brief 简言之 no doubt 毫无疑问 undoubtedly 无疑
in short 简而言之 truly 的确
so 所以
certainly 当然地;无疑地 obviously 显然

注意：all in all 最好不要用， 外国人几乎不用

希望对你有帮助，还有请采纳吧

㈥ 列举英语四级作文常用衔接词.比如说"相反地","进一步说","另外"什么的.带例句,范文更好

1) 先后次序关系：at this time; first; second; at last; next；; simultaneously; eventually；last but not least；to begin with；to start with；to end with；finally；seeing...；since then；first of all；afterwards; following this; preceding this.
2) 因果关系：because；because of this；being that；another important factor／reason of... ； since； as； for； in that...； owing to； e to； for the reason that...； in view of； the reason seems to be obvious; there are about... ；for this reason; as a result of this； therefore；...and so...； consequently；as a result； thus； hence； so；so that...； in consequence； as a consequence； accordingly; inevitably; under these conditions; thereupon.
3) 转折关系：but；even so；however；though；even though；independent of；reckless of ；despite that； in spite of that； regardless of; yet...；and yet； but unless.
4) 并列关系： and; also；too；as well as；either...，or...；both...and...
5) (补充)递进关系： furthermore；moreover；further；In this way ；still； not only...but also...； not...but...； in addition (to)；additionally, much more interesting, more specifically, next, besides； as far as... is concerned; moreover；in other words；along this line of consideration；on the one hand...，on the other hand...； even； as a poplar saying goes...；in order to do it...; meanwhile； at the same time； accordingly； In the first place...，in the second place...;equally important; of even greater appeal.
6) 比较关系： similarly; in like manner, in comparison with；when compared with；compared with；when in fact...; like...； likewise； similarly important； apart from (doing)...； ... rather than...，by doing so ；both…and...; in the same way; not only...but (also).
7) 对照(不同点)：yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding; rather; neither ... nor; although; though; but; however; something is just the other way around；yet; conversely； unlike； opposed to; as opposed to ； in contrast (to)； by way of；on the contrary；different from this；as opposed to this； nevertheless; contrary to； whereas； while；but on the other hand.
8) 举例关系:for example； for instance； in this case; namely； as you know； you may as／say； as he explains； like； such as； a case in point is...; consider...； in particular；including...；for one thing...，for another...；put it simply；stated roughly； as an illustration， I will say...； a good example (of...)would be...；to detail this，I would like to...； It is interesting to note that...；in this situation; as proof; take the case of; take as example (something)； as for; as regards； as to； according to; on this occasion.
9) 强调关系：in fact; especially；particularly；moreover；naturally; what is more important； in reality； certainly; of course; indeed; in particular；not to mention...；believe it or not；undeniably; other thing being equal；it is certain／sure that...；to be strict; to be true；by definition; definitely; undoubtedly; without a doubt; in truth, in any event(不论怎样); without reservation(毫无保留地); obviously, not only.. but(also...), both... and...
10) 条件关系: if；unless; lest；provided that；if it is the case；in this sense；once...；if possible；if necessary；if so；if not all; if anything.
11) 归纳总结类： in other words；on the whole; in sum; therefore；hence；in short；in brief；to sum up；in conclusion; in summary； to conclude； the conclusion can be drawn that...; for this reason; in short.
12) 地点关系：beyond; opposite to; adjacent to; at the same place; there; over; in the middle; around; in front of; in the distance; farther; here and there; above; below; at the right; between; on this side.
13) 目的关系：with this object; for this purpose; in order that; in this way, since; so that; on that account; in case; with a view to; for the same reason.
14) 重申关系：in other words; that is to say; as I have said; again; once again.
15) 结果关系：accordingly; thus; consequently; hence; therefore; thereupon; inevitably; under these conditions; as a result; as a consequence; because; because of; so that; not only...but (also...); so... as to.
16) 顺序关系：first; second; thirdly; next; then; at the outset(在开始时)，following this; at this time; now; at this point; after; afterward; after this; subsequently; lastly; finally; consequently; before this; previously; preceding this; simultaneously; concurrently(同时).
17) 时间关系：at once; immediately; at length; in the mean time; meanwhile; at the same time; in the end; then; soon; not long after; later; at once; at last; finally; some time ago; at present; all of a sudden; from this time on; from time to time; since then; when; whenever; next point; a few minutes later; formerly; as; once; since; occasionally; in a moment; shortly; whereupon; previously

写作模板:
辩论式议论文
模版1
Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.
There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1.
More importantly, 论据2.
Most important of all, 论据3.
In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
模版2
People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.
For one thing, 论据1.
For another, 论据2.
Last but not the least, 论据3.
To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
模版3
There is no consensus of opinions among people about X（争论的焦点）. Some people are of the view that 观点1, while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious.
First of all, 论据1.
Furthermore, 论据2.
Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据3.
A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点.
As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
图表式作文
It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).
What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … (多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). More importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因).
From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).
提纲式作文
1． 对立观点式
A．有人认为X 是好事，赞成X， 为什么？
B． 有人认为X 是坏事， 反对X，为什么？
C．我的看法。
Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。
However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。
There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。
2． 批驳观点式
A．一个错误观点。
B． 我不同意。
Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。
There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。
3． 社会问题（现象）式
A．一个社会问题或者现象。
B． 产生的原因
C．对社会和我们生活的影响
D． 如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话）
E． 前景的预测。
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。（或者是一个例子）。
There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon. 下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。
X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。
A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。
Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..

英语四六级写作绝招
开头万能公式
1． 开头万能公式一：名人名言
有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！
原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？
经典句型：
A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言）
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言）
更多经典句型：
As everyone knows, No one can deny that…

2． 开头万能公式二：数字统计
原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graation.
看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：
Honesty：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。
Travel by Bike：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。
Youth：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。
更多句型：
A recent statistics shows that …
结尾万能公式
1． 结尾万能公式一：如此结论
说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：
Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！
更多过渡短语：
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus
更多句型：
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…

2． 结尾万能公式二：如此建议
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？
更多句型：
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.
写作的“七项基本原则”
一、 长短句原则
工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.
如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！
强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。

二、 主题句原则
国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！
特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.

三、 一二三原则
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。
1）first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗）
2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗）
3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：俗）
4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：俗）
5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐）
6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐）
7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐）
8）most important of all, moreover, finally
9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）
10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）
建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！

四、 短语优先原则
写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点—精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如：
I cannot bear it.
可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.
I want it.
可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.
这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。

五、 多实少虚原则
原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如：
走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room
但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room
小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room
小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room
老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room
所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！

六、 多变句式原则
1）加法（串联）
都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.
如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式：
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.
其它的短语可以用：
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover
2）转折（拐弯抹角）
批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.
The coat was thin, but it was warm.
更多的短语：
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding
3）因果（so, so, so）
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友…可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！
The snow began to fall, so we went home.
更多短语：
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that
4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重）
有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。
举例：This is what I can do.
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分：
When to go, Why he goes away…
5）附加（多此一举）
如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他；或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.
其实很简单，同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。
6）排比（排山倒海句）
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. （气势恢宏）
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可！

七、 挑战极限原则
既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀！
原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如：
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.
如果您可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪！
文章主体段落三大杀手锏
一、举实例
思维短路，举实例！提出一个观点，举实例！提出一个方案，举实例！而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子！
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.
更多句型：
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example
二、做比较
方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的；又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的；
世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点（through comparison）和不同点（through contrast）。下面是一些短语：
相似的比较：
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner
相反的比较：
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, …
三、换言之
没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多一些字，或者文邹邹地说，是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。
实际就是重复重复再重复！下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you!
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you.
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love with you.
或者上面我们举过的例子：
I cannot bear it.
可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.
因此可以这样说：I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.
更多短语：
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply

四六级写作常见句型
（1）用于描写漫画、图表的常用句型
①As the graph depicts , …
②From the cartoon /picture , we can see that …
③According to the statistics shown in the first /second graph ,
④The table shows / indicates / reveals that …
⑤It can be seen /concluded from the picture / table / figures that …

（2）用于句首提出论题或现象的句型
①Recently , …has

㈦ 写英语作文时常用的连接词有哪些

连接词有以下这些：

1)表层次:
first,firstly, to begin with, further, in the first place
second,secondly, to start with, still, furthermore
third,thirdly, what is more, last, last but not least
also, and then, next, besides
and equally important too moreover
besides in addtion finally

2)表转折；
by contrast although though yet
at the same time but despitethe fact that even so
in contrast nevertheless even though for all that
notwithstanding on the contarary however in spite of
on the other hand otherwise instead still
regardless

3)表因果；
therfore consequently because of for the reason
thus hence e to owing to
so accordingly thanks to on this account
since as on that account in this way
for as a result as a consequence

4）表让步：
still nevertheless concession granted naturally
in spite of all the same of course despite
even so after all

5)表递近：
furthermore moreover likewise what is more
besides also not only...but also...
too in addtion

6)表举例：
for example for instance for one thing that is
to illustrate as an illustration a case in point

7)表解释：
as a matter of fact frankly speaking in this case namely
in other words

8)表总结：

in summary in a word thus as has been said
in brief in conclusion altogether in other words
to conclude in fact finally in simpler terms
indeed in short in particular that is
in other words of course on the whole to put it differently
namely in all therefore to summarize

拓展资料：

连接词是连接单字、片语或子句的字或字群，不能独立充当句子成分。在英语词类中，连接词可说是最容易掌握的一种。从结构上说，英语连接词分两大类:并列连词(coordinating，conjunctions)和从属连词(subordinating，conjunctions)。

折叠并列连词

并列连词连接两个或两个以上地位平等的字、词组或分句。例如:

(1) Air and water are indispensable to me.

(2) She likes going out with friends or playing outdoor games.

折叠从属连词

从属连词连接两个或两个以上的分句，形成复杂句中的从属分句。例如:

(4) He said that he did not want to go .

(5) Many things have happened since I last saw him.

(6) You may come if you want to.