英语写作中表逻辑关系的过度词

① 请问英语文章写作中有哪些逻辑思路

提高英语写作能力的原则

一）渐进性原则。要坚持“句—段—篇”的训练程序，由易到难，循序渐进。在英语写作的初始阶段，要始终注意培养学生良好的写作习惯，狠抓基本功训练。在学生掌握了基本句型并能写出简单句子后，再要求学生根据一些体例写出小段的文章。在段落写作中要引导学生分析段落的结构、段落的中心句、句与句之间的逻辑关系、写作手法等，这样有利于下一步一篇文章的写作。在文章写作中要教会学生如何构思文章、如何运用正确的写作技巧等。

（二）多样性原则。要坚持训练形式的多样化及写作文体的多样性。从形式上而言，可以用回答提问的口头作文，也可以用续写故事；可以改写课文，也可以仿写课文；可以写提纲训练谋篇布局，也可以写拓展段训练发散思维……。从文体上而言，可以写说明文、议论文、记叙文，也可以写书信、便条、通知等实用文体。

(三)结合性原则。要坚持听说读训练和写训练相结合。根据语言习得理论，学习者在学习时常先通过听和读吸取语言知识，从而了解别人的思想，再通过说和写来表达自己的思想，让别人了解自己。大量的听说训练能促进读写能力的提高。因此，写与听说读紧密结合，进行多元化的能力训练，可使学生的各项能力互相影响、互相渗透、互相促进。

（四）控制性原则。要坚持写作前的指导，控制学生的汉语语言思维，发展英语语言思维。语言学习在很大程度上主要是模仿，而非随心所欲地自由表达。教师要加强写作前的指导，可给出范文让学生模仿，以熟悉其语篇结构。同时要控制其汉语语言思维，尽可能让学生习惯英语语言思维，以便于学生学习和掌握地道、正确的英语。

（五）持久性原则。要坚持长期、正确的写作训练。英语写作能力的提高并非一朝一夕之事，而是一个长期的、艰巨的、渐进的过程。这就要求教师、学生都要有充分的思想准备，要有坚韧不拔的意志和必胜的信心。

二、提高英语写作能力的方法。
（一）通过积累词汇量，提高英语写作能力。犹如土木砖石是建筑的材料一样，词汇是说话写作的必需材料，也是制约写作能力提高的瓶颈。可以想象，如果要写一个句子，10个单词有8个单词拼写错误或拼写不出，有2 个单词用法不当，又怎么能清楚地表达自己的思想呢？因此，在平时的教学中要强调学生记忆单词，记住单词的拼读、用法、意思等。记忆单词的方法有很多，各人有各人的记忆方法和习惯，可因人而异。教师可通过要求学生朗读单词、听写单词、默写单词、遣词造句、词汇竞赛等多种方法促进学生记单词。记忆单词是一个长期的反复的过程，要长期地坚持下去，才能不断积累大量的词汇，为英语写作打下坚实的基础。
（二）通过扩大阅读量，提高英语写作能力。古人云“熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟”，这是汉语的一种学习方法，同样可借鉴于英语写作。多阅读是学生增加接触英语语言材料、接受信息、活跃思维、增长智力的一种途径，同时也是培养学生英语思维能力、提高理解力、增强语感、巩固和扩大词汇量的一种好方法，有利于促进英语写作能力的提高。在阅读训练中，教师要注意以下问题：一是指导阅读方法，分析文章结构、中心思想、段落中心句、写作方法等，帮助学生掌握各类文章的结构及写作方法。二要精读与泛读相结合，通过推敲优秀的文章来学会写作方法和选词用词；通过大量的泛读来吸取信息量，扩大词汇量。三要扩大阅读量。提供阅读的材料涉及面要广，才能不断扩大学生的知识面，使学生适应各种题材的写作。
（三）通过提高听说能力，提高英语写作能力。英语听说读写四种能力是相互影响、相互促进的，提高听说能力必定会促进写作能力的提高。要提高听说能力关键在于创设一个良好的英语环境。教师要尽可能地用英语授课，多开展专门的听说训练，同时开展丰富多彩的课外英语活动，让学生沉浸在英语海洋中去领略、去体会、去使用英语，久而久之，学生自然能使用正确的、地道的英语进行交谈与写作。
（四）通过重视写作过程，提高英语写作能力。长期以来，英语写作成果教学法（THE PRODUCT APPROACH）在我国居于主导地位，教师根据写作的终成品来判断写作的成败，重视写作的技术性细节（如格式、拼写、语法等），忽视写作过程的指导。根据D.Rumechart和J.McClelland提出的连通论（Connectionism)理论，写作包括写前阶段、具体写作、文章修改三个基本过程，这三个过程并非是线性排列，而是循环往复，穿插进行的。教师只有重视加强对写作三个过程的指导，才能更好地提高英语写作能力。在写作前阶段，教师重在指导学生如何挖掘题材，训练发散性思维，以及如何选择材料、谋篇布局等。在具体写作中，教师重在指导学生如何紧扣主题、运用正确的写作方法等。在文章修改中，教师重在指导学生如何修改语法及用词的错误。
（五）通过多写英语摘要，提高英语写作能力。英语摘要是把一篇文章的要点摘录出来，用自己的语言使之独立成一篇短文，这不是简单的摘录，而是忠于原文意思的再创作。写英语摘要有利于学生了解原文的文化背景、理解原文的中心意思、弄清原文的篇章结构，从而提高学生的逻辑思维能力和谋篇布局能力。
（六）通过发展英语语言思维能力，提高英语写作能力。英语写作是运用已掌握的内在化语言知识和表达方法，通过思维进行外在化输出的创作，因此英语语言思维能力在英语写作中作用非凡。对于我国学生而言，在英语写作中易受汉语语言思维的影响，难以直接用英语语言进行思维，不利于英语写作能力的提高，因此发展其英语语言思维能力尤为重要。教师要注意对学生的英语语言思维进行多方位、多角度的训练：要采取各种方法训练学生英语语言思维的广阔性、深刻性、发散性和创造性；要教会学生用英语思考问题、回答问题；要从训练形象思维开始，逐步过渡到抽象思维训练；在课文讲解中要尽可能不用汉语翻译而用英语解释，消除汉语思维的影响；要努力创设良好的英语环境，在英语交际中发展英语思维能力。

② 求一篇英语作文，内容不限，只要用到表示逻辑关系的词语就行。

假定你是李华，学校广播站英语节目向全校学生征求英文稿件，请根据下面提示写一份英文投诉信件：
1．我收到你们上个月的话费单后发现有些计算错误，我觉得我被多收（overcharge）了两个国际长途费用。
2．但当我打电话询问客服部门时，接电话的女孩态度非常粗鲁。一方面她总是打断我的话，另一方面她甚至说错误在我。
3．我建议对这个女孩进行惩罚，另个告诉她如何该如对待客户。我希望她能向我正式道歉。
注意：
1．此投诉信应写给电信公司（China telecom）服务经理。
2．信的开头与结尾已给出
3．词数：100左右
Dear Sir,
I am writing to let you know the deplorable attitude of one of your staff member. I received my telephone bill for the previous month from you and thought there were some errors in calculation; I had been overcharged for two overseas calls.
However, when I called your Complaints Department, the girl who answered my phone was very rude. For one thing she interrupted me continually, for another she even said that it was my own fault. Needless to say, such a way of dealing with customers is unacceptable.
I would like to suggest that the girl in question should be disciplined, and instructed on the proper way to deal with clients. And I hope she can make a formal apology to me.

③ 如何有效地提高英语写作的逻辑思维

我们先来看看文章的评判标准。一般情况下，我们可以通过这几个标准来衡量一篇文章的优劣：词汇的丰富与准确性，语法的准确性，文章的连贯与流畅度，观点是否清晰扣题，论证是否严谨有力。对大部分人来说，词汇和语法并不是最大的问题，多阅读多练习，假以时日，总可以慢慢掌握。实际上，在英文写作中最让人头疼的往往是后面几项：观点的提出以及论证，文字的衔接和耦合。
文章要做到连贯流畅，观点清晰，论证有力，仅仅靠背单词和学语法是不够的，因为它还涉及到一个更深层次的问题：逻辑思维能力。写作活动是一种严密而有序的逻辑思维过程。很多作文中出现的表达混乱，层次不清等问题，往往是写作时逻辑思维混乱导致的。还没想清楚就下笔，写出来的东西自然不会清晰到哪里去。
那我们应该要怎样做，才能提高逻辑思维能力，写出清晰严谨的文章呢？ 可以从以下几点入手：
1.注意句子以及段落的逻辑关系
之前一直有这样的说法“英语是一门逻辑性很强的语言”，为什么这么说呢？因为仔细观察你会发现，英语在遣词造句上是遵循严密的的逻辑形式的：用词上要求人称、数、格的一致；句子有严谨的主谓结构，多用关联词语，重视形式的对应和显性衔接。而在语篇中多突出主题句，直线式地展开段落。
对于写作来说，一篇好的文章要遵循句子和句子之间，段落和段落之间的衔
接和连贯。一篇好文章并不是句子的机械堆砌，而是一个有机整体，句子和句子之间是存在严谨的逻辑关系的。举个例子，下面是一篇常见的说明文段落：
AIDS seems to follow a pattern of recognizable being exposed to the virus, the AIDS patients tends to complain of a fever, sore throat, sore muscles,and seems to be a dormant period ,which can last for three years or after this period, more serious symptoms begin to emerge.
仔细阅读之后会发现，文章中的句子之间在逻辑上环环相扣，每一个都不可或缺。如果句子之间的衔接没做好，写出来的文章可能会是这样的：
Every summer, I go to traveling with my family or my best friends. When the new term comes, I will surprisingly find my oral English is much improved. So I firmly believe book is not only the source of knowledge.
上面的句子虽然没有语法问题，但读起来感觉却很奇怪，为什么？因为句子与句子之间并没有一个很好的逻辑关系："go to traveling with my family" 与后面的"my oral English is much improved" 并没有必然联系，逻辑上讲不通。
除了句子的衔接外，段落与段落之间的衔接也非常重要。这一点在经济学人等外刊文章上体现得很好，比如这篇文章The weaker sex , 段落的结构非常清晰，开头都有主题句来引领全段，而且段落与段落之间是层层递进的关系。 What can be done? Part of the solution lies in a change in cultural attitudes.
Policymakers also need to lend a hand, because foolish laws are making the problem worse.
Even more important than scrapping foolish policies is retooling the ecational system, which was designed in an age when most men worked with their muscles.
More generally, schools need to become more boy-friendly.
从上面可以看到，要写出逻辑清晰的文章，我们要特别注意句子以及段落的衔接和连贯。这就要求我们要用好连接词以及语义承接。
在写作中常见的连接词有"because, as, while, if, however, therefore, although, similarly, consequently, nevertheless "等，它们属于“明连接”。 语义承接则是通过上下文之间的承接关系来自然行文，比如通过指示代词、人称代词等对前一句中出现过的内容进行指代，或者对前一句话中出现的关键词进行转述，解释，从而形成自然的承接关系。语义承接属于“暗承接”。
下面这篇雅思 9 分作文片段就很好地体现了连接词以及语义承接的效果（仔细体会加黑以及带下划线的单词，感受一下连接词的效果）。
I tend to agree that young children can be negatively affected by too much time spent on the computer partly because sitting in front of a screen for too long can be damaging to both the eyes and the physical posture The main concern is about the type of computer activities that attract
often electronic games that tend to be very intense and rather usually the "hero" too much exposure can encourage children to be self-centred and insensitive to others. 上面的作文片段中，"This" 用来指代"I tend to agree..." 一整句的内容，连接词"because"用来连接从句说明原因，"regardless of" 后面连接名词性从句做进一步说明。"These"用来指代上一句中出现的 "computer activities"，用定冠词"the"修饰的"player" 和 "game" 则与上一句呼应，指代游戏中的玩家和游戏。
由此可以看出，通过用好连接词以及语义承接的方式，我们可以将句子甚至段落有机联系起来，使之符合逻辑。
事实上，衔接和连贯性(Coherence and Cohesion)一直是雅思写作中的一个重要评分标准，雅思官方也给出了一个指导视频：
IELTS Writing 雅思写作连贯性

④ 高考英语作文有哪些过渡词

first,second....last,finally and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor, and then but, however, while, yet for, so,since,as, consequently, therefore what's more/ worse, besides, to sum up, in conclusion, generally speaking, in a word, in short in my opinion... (1)表并列关系的 过渡词 : and, also, as well, as well as, or, too, not only…but also, both … and, either … or, neither…nor (2)表递进关系的 过渡词 : besides, in addition (加之, 除……之外) moreover(此外, , 而且), what's more,what's worse (3)表转折对比的 过渡词 : but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, despite, in pite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not only…but also, here…there, years ago…today, this…that, the former…the latter, then…now, the first… whereas the second, once…now, on the one hand … on the other hand, some…others (4)表原因的 过渡词 : because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, e to(由于) (5)表结果的 过渡词 : so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, then, thereby, hence, so…that, such…that (6)表条件的 过渡词 : if, unless, on condition that, as/so long as (7)表时间的 过渡词 : when, while, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning / year / century, after a while, in a few days, now, presently, finally, at last, all of a sudden, form now on, at present, immediately, the moment (8)表特定的顺序关系的 过渡词 : first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, above all, first of all, then, next, finally, in the end, at last, afterward(s) (后来) meanwhile , (几乎同时) thereafter , (在那以后), last, finally, eventually(终于) (9)表换一种方式表达的 过渡词 : in other words, that is to say, to put it another way (10)表进行举例说明的 过渡词 : for instance, for example, like, such as (11)表陈述事实的 过渡词 : in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth (12)表强调的 过渡词 : certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important, in fact, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously (13)表比较的 过渡词 : like, unlike, in the same way, similarly, similar to (14)表目的的 过渡词 : for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to (15)表总结的 过渡词 : in a word(总之,简言之), in general, in short(总之), above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary 2. 文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由 过渡词 来完成,在修辞中称为启,承,转,合."启"就 是开头, "承"是承接,"转"是转折,"合"是综合或总结. (1)用于"启"的 过渡词 语 用于表示"启"的 过渡词 或过渡性的语句通常用在段落或文章的 开头: first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firstly, to being with, to start with, recently, now, at present, in recent years, in general, generally speaking, at present, lately, currently, It is often said that…, As the proverb says…, It goes without saying that…, It is clear/obvious that…, Many people often ask … (2)用于"承"的 过渡词 语 表示"承"的 过渡词 或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第一个扩 展句中: second, similarly, in addition, besides, then, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what is worse, for example, for instance, certainly, surely, obviously, in other words, especially, particularly, in particular, indeed, still, third, truly, in fact, at the same time, no doubt, It is true that…, Everybody knows that…, It can be easily proved that…, No one can deny that… The reason why …is that …, There is no doubt that…, To take…for an example (instance) …, We know that…, What is more serious is that… (3)用于"转"的 过渡词 语 用于"转"的 过渡词 或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第二个扩 展句中: but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, in any case, at any rate(无论如何), nevertheless(虽然如此), otherwise, or, or else, while, whereas, but, despite, in spite of ..., yet, instead, I do not believe that…, Perhaps you'll ask why… This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to…, Though we are in basic agreement with …, yet differences will be found, That's why I feel that… (4) 用于"合"的 过渡词 语 章的结论段中: in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking, sum up, to finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary, therefore, as a result, above all, thus, after all(毕竟), eventually, hence, in short, in conclusion, in a word, in sum(总之), on the whole(就整体而言), to sum up From this point of view … On account of this we can find that … The result is dependent on … Thus, this is the reason why we must… 二, 过渡词 的应用 有的学生在作文中使用过多简单句,成了简单句堆砌;有的写复杂句时,动辄用 so, and, then, but,or, however,yet 等非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的, 反而使句子结构松散, 呆板.为了避免这种现象,可以通过使用不同的 过渡词 ,不仅能够丰富句型,而且还能够把 思想表达得更清楚,意义更连贯.例如: 1. 学生习作 TV and website 用于"合"的 过渡词 或过渡性的语句通常用在段落的结论句或文 TV and website are popular media. They have something in common. Both of them make money from ads. Websites also have different sections. You may choose the one you are most interested in. They are different in many ways. Moving pictures are shown on TV with sound and interpretation. It makes you feel that you are just on the spot. The programs change every day. Professional TV reporters do the report for TV. Some information on websites change all the time. Not all of it is so updated. Everybody can write articles for websites rather than professional reporter. Every medium has its own features. It is hard to say which is better. 这段文字用简单句表达,它们之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清,意思支离破碎.如果使用过 渡词,将单句与其前后合并,形成主次关系,就把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清 楚,结构严谨. 修改后的文章: TV and website Both TV and website are popular media. They have something in common. Both of them make money from ads. Similar to TV, websites also have different sections, so that you may choose the one you are most interested in. However, they are different in many ways. Above all, moving pictures are shown on TV with sound and interpretation, which makes you feel as if you are just on the spot. Then, the programs change every day and professional TV reporters do the report for TV. Unlike TV, some information on websites change all the time, but not all of it is so updated. In addition, everybody can write articles for websites rather than professional reporter. In a word, every medium has its own features, so it is hard to say which is better. 修改后的文章用 过渡词 来衔接上下段 第一段第一句为:Both TV and website are popular media. They have something in common. 第二段第一句为:However, they are different in many ways. 第三段第一句为:In a word, every medium has its own features…

⑤ 英文论文写作如何使用过渡词

一、顺序过渡：
顺序过渡更有利于理解各个观点间的逻辑关系。例如“因此（）”或“然后（then）”等单词，或者“这表明（This indicates that…）”等短语能显示出观点间的关系。当一个观点是下一个观点的前提依据，或者一个观点是由另一个观点推论得出时，则需要使用这样的过渡。例如：Thus, Therefore, Then, It follows that, This indicates that, This implies that, From this we can see that, What this means is that等。
二、比较过渡：
有时并非由一个观点衍生另一个观点，而是两个观点具有某些相同性质。当这两个观点间的关系不是很明确时，可以使用这种过渡。此外，当你使用类推法针对某个主题提出观点时也很有用（例如通过讨论岛屿来提出关于过渡的看法）。例如使用：Like, Also, Similarly, Just as, In the same vein, This idea can also be seen in…, A similar phenomenon is found in等。
三、对比过渡：
很多时候，你并非要描述因果关系，也不着眼于相似性，而是注重于对比转折等，例如：“This author says this，but that author says that（这个作者认为这样，但是另一作者认为那样）”，“This appears to be the case，but in reality，it’s something else.（这看起来似乎如此，但实际上并非如此）”。这种过渡不仅对对比文段非常有用，在你想揭穿某个断言或提出问题的另一侧面时也很有帮助。这些词语能帮助你提出另一个完全不同的问题。
这些常用的单词或短语有：But, Though, However, Nevertheless/Nonetheless, Then again, On the other hand, At the same time, This ignores, It’s not…but rather, The difference between…and…is that…
四、总结过渡：
你确立一个观点并列出大量的有效证据，接着为了避免读者错失重要信息，你最好在介绍最终见解之前，给出即将要列出观点的想法。例如可以使用以下单词或短语： Essentially, Basically, Ultimately, In short, In other words, That is to say, This boils down to, The main point is等。
其实也不用这么麻烦，你去找个专业的帮你写就行了，还能拿到高分呢。

⑥ 求英语写作文时表示逻辑顺序的连接词， 比如 first second third and also

at first/firstly then

⑦ 怎么使英语作文衔接流畅，整体有逻辑性

一、过渡词：
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second…next …And then, Finally/In the end/ At last，last but not least(更强调重要性)最后也是最重要的
2.表并列补充关系的(递进关系)：What’s more（甚至）/ What’s worse（更糟糕的是）, even（甚至），Especially（特别是） ，Besides（除此之外）, Moreover（甚至）, Furthermore, In addition（除此之外还有）,not only …but also 不但…而且， at the same time 同时
3.表转折对比关系的：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause（从句）（不与,but连用） Despite/In spite of+n/doing 尽管…但是…
4.用来陈述正反方的不同观点（一般用于议论文章中）：On one hand… On the other hand…一方面，又一方面 ；Some…, while others…一些人认为…而另一些人认为…
Everything has two sides…(事物都具有两面性) some people hold the view that …while the others prefer the view that …（一些人坚持这种观点，而另一些人更喜欢另一种观点）
5.表因果关系的：Because（不与so连用）, As（由于，因为） ，So, Therefore（因此）, As a result (结果) ，thanks to（多亏）, because of/as a result of （由于）, without, with the help of...（在…的帮助下）,
6.表进行举例说明：For example+句子（意思是：例如）可以用于句中，句首，句尾； such as…and so on

⑧ 英语写作过渡词过渡句

mmeanwhile 与此同时, In addition由于抄, moreover此外,further更进一步, to sum up总的来说 ,on the contrary相反地，
on the other hand 另一方面, as far as I'm consider我 认为, however然而,
我暂时只想到这些

⑨ 英语作文中高级的逻辑词

1. 并列关系
and, furthermore, more than that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example
2. 转折关系
although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, nevertheless, yet, otherwise, despite
3. 顺序关系
first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next
4. 因果关系
as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently, on account of

5. 归纳关系
as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word
几个用得比较多的句子:
As far as I am concerned, the advantages of … outweigh its disadvantages.Nevertheless, the disadvantages of … is undeniable.
To sum up/ In general/ On the whole/ In brief/ In short/ In a word, it is true that … bring about both positive and negative results. But we can try our best to rece the negative influence to the least extent.
Obviously, in every aspect, …
This diagram unfolds a clear comparison between…and…
As to the other three, though the growth rates were not so high, they were indeed remarkable and impressive.

⑩ 文段表达 （15分）根据中文大意和英文提示词语，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于60词的短文。所给英文提