㈠ 学术写作中有哪些词汇表达禁忌
01、在学术类写作中绝对不能出现 类似于 hasn’t don’t 之类的非正式缩写单词
像 can’t, shouldn’t, couldn’t, wouldn’t, isn’t, haven’t, hasn’t, don’t
这类在非正式英语写作或者口语中常见的词，是绝对不能出现在学术类英语写作中的。必须要拆开使用。should not, could not, would not,
等等。特别的是can’t 拆开后不是can not, 而是一个单词cannot。
02、尽量不要使用 there is, there are
因为在大多数使用 there is, there are 的句子，其实不用也能表达同样的意思。用着反而会显得句子冗长，啰嗦。
比如啊， There are many challenges that students face at university. 去掉 there
are, 同样能很清楚地表达意思，Students face challenges at university.
03、不要使用 really, very, a lot, so 这类
在口语里表达程度的词
really, very, a lot, so 这些词用起来非常方便，It’s very hard. It’s really really hard.
但是很明显，这类词太过于口语化了。那我们想要表达同样的意思的时候怎么办呢?
Many students think writing is very hard. 这里我们就可以用一个单词来解决问题。
Many students think writing is difficult.
再比如，This topic is really controversial.
这个话题是非常有争议的。怎么改成更加formal的呢?直接把really去掉就好了。本身controversial这个词已经是很强烈的了。
04、除非你写的是科学或生物方面的科学Essay，否则别用被动语态
很多时候，老师会说，常用被动语态，会更加好，但这是在正确的必须要表达被动情况下。但在大多数学术写作里，能用主动语态，尽可能不要使用被动。不然会把原来的主语削弱了。
比如说
The third game was won by Alpha Go
Alpha Go won the third game.
05、要用 strong verb
要知道什么是 strong verb，对比一下 weak verb 就懂了。
weak verb: He gave assistant to you.
strong verb: He assisted you.
第一句中的 assistant 是名词，换成动词 assist ，语气上就会更加直接和强烈。
weak verb: made an objection
strong verb: objected
总结
1、在学术类写作中绝对不能出现 类似于 hasn’t don’t 之类的非正式缩写单词。
2、尽量不要使用 there is, there are
3、不要使用 really, very, a lot, so 这类在口语里表达程度的词
4、除非你写的是科学或生物方面的科学Essay，否则别用被动语态
5、要用 strong verb
㈡ 有关英语学术写作问题 要写一篇文章compare and contrast 分别在四个方面对比和比
Beijing and Shanghai are the two biggest and most important cities in China. Now let's have a quick and short look at them.
Beijing, is the nation's political, economic, cultural and ecational center as well as China's most important center for international trade and communications.
As the capital of the PRC, Beijing is located in northern China. The city covers an area of more than 16,410 square kilometers (6336 square miles) and has a population of 14.93 million people.
㈢ 英语学术写作中怎么表示我的观点
一、用于开头
1、Many people insist that... 很多人(坚持)认为……
2、With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that... 随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为……
3、A lot of people seem to think that... 很多人似乎认为……
二、引出不同观点
1、People's views on... vary from person to person. Some hold that... . However, others believe that.... 人们对……的观点因人而异。有些人认为.....然而其他人却认为……
2、Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. 人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异。
3、People may have different opinions on... 人们对……可能会有不同的见解。
4、There are different opinions among people as to... 关于……人们的观点大不相同.
5、Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 对(失败)人们的态度各不相同。
三、得出最终结论
1、Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that... 把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论……
2、Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that... 考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论……
3、Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that... 因此，自然我们得出以下结论……
"we'd better"在这里不是“不得不”或“最好”的意思，而是一种自然而然，水到渠成的得出结论。
4、There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点。
5、All in all, we cannot live without... But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise. 总之，我们没有……是无法生活的。但同时，我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。
这句话一般用于结尾，属万能句式，句式较为简单，方便操作。
四、提出最终建议的万能模板：
1、It is high time that we put an end to the (trend). 该是我们停止这一 势的时候了。
2、It is time to take the advice of ... and to put special emphasis on the improvement of ... 该是采纳……的建议，并对……的进展给予非常重视的时候了。
3、There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of ... 毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够的重视。
4、Obviously,.... If we want to do something... , it is essential that... 显然，如果我们想做某事，我们需要……
5、Only in this way can we... 只有这样,我们才能...
6、It must be realized that... 我们必须意识到...
五、预示后果
1、Obviously, if we don't control the problem, the chances are that... will lead us in danger. 很明显，如果我们不能控制…这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险。
㈣ 英语论文常用句型，能不能给我一篇
1、否定句
许多否定句不含not的否定结构。如果论文作者能正确使用他们，就会增加写作的闪光点，使文章显得生动活泼。
1. Instead of inlging in playing computer games, children should be taught how to benefit from useful information on the internet.应该教孩子们如何从互联网获取有益的信息，而不是沉溺于玩电脑游戏。
2. On no account (Under no circumstances)can we ignore the immense value of knowledge. 我们绝不能忽视知识的巨大价值。
3. College students take part-time jobs not for more money but fora better understanding of societies.大学生参加兼职工作不是为了赚更多钱，而是为了更好地了解社会。
4. One’s salary does not depend so much on his ecational background ason his ability and contribution to the society.一个人的工资与其说取决于他的教育背景倒不如说取决于他的能力和对社会的贡献。
2、非限制性定语从句
如果需要对前述的整个句子内容进行解释或说明，就可以用到非限制性定语从句。
1. Undoubtedly, practical courses can be used to the reality,which is of vital importance to their development in the future. 毫无疑问，实用性课程可以用于实际中，这对于他们未来发展是非常重要的。
2. Children tend to imitate what they have seen and heard on mass media, which is sometimes dangerous and harmful.孩子们倾向于模仿大众媒体上的所见所闻，这在有时是危险和有害的。
3. The majority of students believe that part-time jobs will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力, 这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。
3、让步句
让步句是写论文最常用的句式之一，作者务必掌握以下4种用法，可以使英文句子起伏跌宕，富于变化。
1. This view is widely acknowledged;however，there is little evidence that smoking is beneficial to people’s health.这个观点被广泛认可，然而，几乎没有证据表明吸烟对人们健康有利。
2. Although(Whilst)the computer has been widely used in class, it cannot replace the role of teachers. 尽管计算机已经广泛用于课堂，但是它不能取代教师的作用。
3. Reasonable as the opinion sounds, it cannot bear much analysis. 虽然这个观点听起来有道理，但是它经不住分析。
4. In spite of a lot of conveniences that cars bring to people’s life, it can create a series of serious problems.尽管汽车给人们的生活带来了许多便利，但是也产生了一系列严重的问题。
4、It引导的句子
It引导的句子是写作中使用频率最高的句式。作者应熟练掌握其用法，并能灵活运用到文章的开篇、主体段和结尾段中。
1. It is hard to imagine what our life would look like without computers in modern society. 很难想象如果现代社会没有了计算机，我们的生活会变成什么样子。
2. It is conceivable that being physically active does good to health. 可想而知，积极参加体育活动有利于身体健康。
3. It is a highly controversial issue whether women should join the armed forces or not. 女性是否应该参军是一个非常有争议的问题。
4. It is universally acknowledged that water and air are indispensable to human beings.人们普遍认为，水和空气对人类不可缺少。
5、假设句
假设句可分为真实假设句和非真实假设句两种。常用在主体段落表示正、反论证。
1. If we destroy old buildings, then we will ruin the traditional culture and heritage.如果我们推倒老房子，就要破坏传统的文化和遗产。
2. You would miss the chance to interact with other students if you used internet at home. 假如你在家上网，你就会失去与其他同学交流的机会。
3. Once you change your present job, you will be faced with the danger of being unemployed.一旦你变换了现在的工作，就面临着失业的危险。
6、倒装句
在写作中恰当和准确地使用倒装句，有助于句子表达形式的多样化，使语言更加生动有力。
1. Only in this way can the problem be tackled properly. 只有这样才能妥善地解决这个问题。
2. Only when children take arous efforts can they become successful. 只有当孩子们付出艰苦的努力他们才能获得成功。
3. Not only does studying in school serve academic purpose, but students learn how to handle interpersonal relations. 在校学习不仅为了学术目的，而且还可以学会如何处理人际关系。
4. Under no circumstances should youngsters follow negative information on mass media blindly.青少年决不应当盲从大众媒体上的不良信息。
7、强调句
写作时为了突出句子的某一成分，常常使用强调句。
1. It is for the benefit of maintaining the ecological balance that human beings ought to protect the endangered animal species.正是为了维持生态平衡，人类才应该保护地球上濒危的动物物种。
2. It is not until people suffer from some fatal diseases such as SARS and AIDS that they are becoming aware of how significant it is for the government to invest more money in medical care. 直到人们患了像非典和爱滋病这样致命的疾病时，才意识到政府把更多的钱投入到医疗上的重要性。
3. Nothing in the world is more valuable than health.世界上没有比健康更重要的了。
8、比较句
正确地使用比较结构可以使文章的句式增加变化，有利于提高写作成绩。
1. Studies show that juvenile delinquency rates are twice as high for youngsters from single-parent families as for those in traditional households.(同级比较)研究表明来自单亲家庭的青少年犯罪率是来自传统家庭的两倍。
2. Generally speaking, people in modern times enjoy less leisure time than they did previously.(比较级)一般说来，现代人比过去享有更少的休闲时间。
3. Compared with those with different abilities, children with intelligence do more well in their school work and intelligence tests. 与不同能力的孩子相比，聪明的孩子在学业和智力测验方面表现更加突出。
4. Contrary to pop stars, other professionals like doctors and teachers create the true value for their society.与明星不同，其他专业人员如医生和教师为社会创造了真正的价值。
5. Air is to human what (as)water is to fish.空气对人类就如同水对鱼一样。
9、插入语
插入语是对一句话做一些附加说明或解释。最常见的位置于句中,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。用得恰当，不仅可以增加字数，而且使文章更显地道和精彩。
1. Computers,most important of all,create wide communication around the world. 最重要的是，计算机在世界范围内建立了广泛的交流。
2. Providing more parking areas,in the long run, has proved to be a practical way out in many large cities in the world.从长远的利益来看，提供更多的停车位证明是许多世界大城市切实可行的出路。
3. Observing local culture,consciously and unconsciously,can rece the chance of offending the locals, or it will lead to the embarrassment and even conflict. 无论是否意识到，遵循当地的文化可以减少冒犯当地人的机会，否则，就会导致尴尬甚至冲突。
4. Space exploration, some people believe,will bring some unexpected discoveries. 有人相信空间探索将会带来意想不到的发现。
10、原因句
几乎所有的写作试题都要求写原因或者可以写原因。议论文的讲道理实际就是说明原因。因此，掌握好表达原因的结构是十分重要的。
1. Violent films can do harm to young people,because they contains numerous negative information.暴力影片对年轻人是有害的，因为其中包含大量负面信息。
2. Human beings are chiefly responsible for wild animal extinction.野生动物灭绝的主要责任在人类。
3. We should attribute(ascribe)medical advances to the animals which do substantial contributions to the experiment.我们应该把医学的发展归因于动物对实验做出的巨大贡献。
4. Because of overpopulation, water shortage has become one of the most serious problems.由于人口过剩，水短缺已经成为一个最严重的问题。
㈤ 学术英语写作典型错句详析500例怎么样，好不好
对了 现在我来报读的ABC夫下在线的自老师说过 若想征服英语应该是不费力地~必然需要个适宜的研习环境以及进修口语对象，最关键就是外教水平 发音纯正才是最好 保持天天口语交流 1v1家教式教学才能够有很.好.的学习效果！学习后需要重复复习录音文档 把所学知识融会贯通；如果真的没有人可以指导的环境，只能去听力室或爱思得到课余学习材料学习，多说多练迅速的语感会提高起来 学习成效肯定会迅速明显的~Beijingisagoodplacetohavefun.havefun是玩的开心的意思，固定搭配
㈥ 英语学术写作
用英文写中国的历史？什么专业？
㈦ 国外essay补习 学术英语写作注意要点
1、避免使用反问句、设问句。
例如： What’s the objective of the information? Is it to makepeople more confused and astray? I partly agree with theauthor’s contention that the enormous and otiose information sometimes render people lose their way and fail to consider question penetratingly and originally.
在作文的开头就扔出两个问题，然后接下来的陈述却与问题基本毫无干系。作为读者，首先要考虑那两个问题的答案到底是什么，然后才能往下读。这些在中文里可能会被评作“引人入胜”的好词好句，在英语的论文写作里面，可以说是最大的败笔之一。如果同学一定要问问题的话，那就改成陈述句式，例如：Whether this issue is right or wrong? 可以改成：It has been a controversial issue that.....
2、避免集中使用“Be”动词。
避免集中使用"Be"动词，包括is, are, has been, have been, etc.
例如：What is the purpose of ecation? Some people may say that the purpose of ecation should be to create a totally academic environment that separates from the outside world, for,they think, this situation allows students to focus on their academic research work without beingdisturbed by practical concerns. In fact, this suggestion is harmful to the scientific research work.
这是某一篇文章的开头。作者除了要注意不要使用疑问句以外，还有很重要的一点：总共两三句话，出现4个"Be"动词。这种写法，在英语里面被称作"non-act"的动词。"Be" 仅仅表示一种状态，例如："i am here", "you are there". 对于母语者来说，"Be"动词其实就是写在纸上，而没有任何感情色彩。所以应该尽量避免成篇累牍地使用。留学生们的例子可以改为：
Some people argue that the purpose of ecation lies in its strength in creating a totally academic environment separated from the outside world. They think this situation allows students to focuson academic research by excluding outside disturbance from practical concerns. However, this suggestion in fact does harm to the scientific research work.
留学生们可以看到，使用了lie in, exclude, do harm to以后，句子更有色彩了。
3、避免重复使用单词或者词组。
尽量避免重复使用单词或者词组。特别是近距离集中在某一两句话里使用。
例如：The author argues that to understand one’s own culture, one must know about at leastone another culture which is distinctly different from one’s own culture. While as I am concerned, Ican’t agree with the author’s assertion.
这一个开头，总共两行字，却连续出现了4个One，3个culture。如果同学把这段话大声朗读一下，就会觉得别扭、好笑了。连续使用相同的单词或者词组(包括短句)，体现的是作者词汇量匮乏，写作风格较差，遣词造句能力不强。给读者的感觉就是昏昏欲睡。
很容易的留学生们就可以改正：The author argues that the knowledge of another distinctly differentculture helps us to truly understand our own. However, I disagree with this assertion.
这句话把原来的三句分句合成了并无冗长感觉的一句。精简的同时，也恰当地避免了重复多次使用culture，one的问题。用了"this assertion"，也避免了在近距离使用两个"author"。
4、避免使用从句套从句的超长句子。
学术性的文章，应当避免追求华丽词藻和句型。作为非母语者，留学生们在语感上面已经处于劣势。为了避免缺乏语感而造成的很多语法上面、句子结构上面的小失误，留学生们更应该尽量避免使用长句。看了很多作者的文章，长句造成的后果通常有：单复数混淆，it、that指代不清，从句两头时态不符，连接介词错误，等等。
例如：Things happened in the past, known as history, is great treasure for us huan beings,through and only through studying the past can we gain valuable experience which serves as ameans of guiding our development of the society.
例子中作者用了3处逗号，而事实上面，从句间关系并非密不可分。留学生们可以很轻松的分成三句话，作者写得安心，读者读得舒心，做到真正的言必达意。
History consists of the things happened in the past and it is a great treasure to human beings.Through and only through studying the past thoroughly can we gain valuable experience fromhistory. The historical experience serves as a means of guidance for the new development in thesociety.
5、避免陈词滥调等废话。
例如：For getting a satisfying score, students have to prepare for and review their textsfrequently, remember all the knowledge they have learned deep in mind, enlarge their learning if itis possible and so on, especially when examinations are coming. All these efforts, no matter whattheir aims are, will surely lead to a corresponding paying back.
段中的这一句"no matter what their aims are"，在整个上下文表达上面没有任何实质性的意义，完完全全是句废话。
㈧ 学术英语写作
英语专业写作和一般英语的写作不同之处是要求更高一些，会有写作专业。专首先是字数要求，考试的时候英属语字数要比平时训练时少很多其次是谋篇布局，英语专业写作在上课的时候会景不同的文章分类，议论文，记叙文，说明文，应用文等；然后根据类别学习练习英文写作最后是词汇和句式要求，英语专业写作中同一个词的出现频率不能太高，句式强调复杂多变。总结三个词语：unity，coherence，variation。
㈨ 如何写英文的SCIpaper的几个常用句式
of the suite were placed round
the walls with a forbidding