coherence英语写作

⑴ 美国大学英语写作第九版答案

英文版答案

Last year's winter vacation. I and my father, mother, grandparents, brother went to huangshan by bus. In the morning we came down the mountain. I saw wooded mountains, wild flowers bloom. We climb up the hill along the mountain path. Come halfway up the mountain, I feel a little tired，my shoes broke. Dad said to me,“， don’t do anything halfway.” So I insisted reached the top, the top of the scenery so beautiful.Since then, I've kept these shoes。i was very happy

美国大学AmericanUniversity创校于公元1893年，简称AU，为一所拥有百年历史的私立四年制全球性大学，美国大学American University师资阵容坚强，教学严谨。主要有7个学院，华盛顿法律学院，文理学院，商学院，传播管理学院，国际服务学院，公共事务学院 ，教育学院。

⑵ 如何有效地提高英语写作的逻辑思维

我们先来看看文章的评判标准。一般情况下，我们可以通过这几个标准来衡量一篇文章的优劣：词汇的丰富与准确性，语法的准确性，文章的连贯与流畅度，观点是否清晰扣题，论证是否严谨有力。对大部分人来说，词汇和语法并不是最大的问题，多阅读多练习，假以时日，总可以慢慢掌握。实际上，在英文写作中最让人头疼的往往是后面几项：观点的提出以及论证，文字的衔接和耦合。
文章要做到连贯流畅，观点清晰，论证有力，仅仅靠背单词和学语法是不够的，因为它还涉及到一个更深层次的问题：逻辑思维能力。写作活动是一种严密而有序的逻辑思维过程。很多作文中出现的表达混乱，层次不清等问题，往往是写作时逻辑思维混乱导致的。还没想清楚就下笔，写出来的东西自然不会清晰到哪里去。
那我们应该要怎样做，才能提高逻辑思维能力，写出清晰严谨的文章呢？ 可以从以下几点入手：
1.注意句子以及段落的逻辑关系
之前一直有这样的说法“英语是一门逻辑性很强的语言”，为什么这么说呢？因为仔细观察你会发现，英语在遣词造句上是遵循严密的的逻辑形式的：用词上要求人称、数、格的一致；句子有严谨的主谓结构，多用关联词语，重视形式的对应和显性衔接。而在语篇中多突出主题句，直线式地展开段落。
对于写作来说，一篇好的文章要遵循句子和句子之间，段落和段落之间的衔
接和连贯。一篇好文章并不是句子的机械堆砌，而是一个有机整体，句子和句子之间是存在严谨的逻辑关系的。举个例子，下面是一篇常见的说明文段落：
AIDS seems to follow a pattern of recognizable being exposed to the virus, the AIDS patients tends to complain of a fever, sore throat, sore muscles,and seems to be a dormant period ,which can last for three years or after this period, more serious symptoms begin to emerge.
仔细阅读之后会发现，文章中的句子之间在逻辑上环环相扣，每一个都不可或缺。如果句子之间的衔接没做好，写出来的文章可能会是这样的：
Every summer, I go to traveling with my family or my best friends. When the new term comes, I will surprisingly find my oral English is much improved. So I firmly believe book is not only the source of knowledge.
上面的句子虽然没有语法问题，但读起来感觉却很奇怪，为什么？因为句子与句子之间并没有一个很好的逻辑关系："go to traveling with my family" 与后面的"my oral English is much improved" 并没有必然联系，逻辑上讲不通。
除了句子的衔接外，段落与段落之间的衔接也非常重要。这一点在经济学人等外刊文章上体现得很好，比如这篇文章The weaker sex , 段落的结构非常清晰，开头都有主题句来引领全段，而且段落与段落之间是层层递进的关系。 What can be done? Part of the solution lies in a change in cultural attitudes.
Policymakers also need to lend a hand, because foolish laws are making the problem worse.
Even more important than scrapping foolish policies is retooling the ecational system, which was designed in an age when most men worked with their muscles.
More generally, schools need to become more boy-friendly.
从上面可以看到，要写出逻辑清晰的文章，我们要特别注意句子以及段落的衔接和连贯。这就要求我们要用好连接词以及语义承接。
在写作中常见的连接词有"because, as, while, if, however, therefore, although, similarly, consequently, nevertheless "等，它们属于“明连接”。 语义承接则是通过上下文之间的承接关系来自然行文，比如通过指示代词、人称代词等对前一句中出现过的内容进行指代，或者对前一句话中出现的关键词进行转述，解释，从而形成自然的承接关系。语义承接属于“暗承接”。
下面这篇雅思 9 分作文片段就很好地体现了连接词以及语义承接的效果（仔细体会加黑以及带下划线的单词，感受一下连接词的效果）。
I tend to agree that young children can be negatively affected by too much time spent on the computer partly because sitting in front of a screen for too long can be damaging to both the eyes and the physical posture The main concern is about the type of computer activities that attract
often electronic games that tend to be very intense and rather usually the "hero" too much exposure can encourage children to be self-centred and insensitive to others. 上面的作文片段中，"This" 用来指代"I tend to agree..." 一整句的内容，连接词"because"用来连接从句说明原因，"regardless of" 后面连接名词性从句做进一步说明。"These"用来指代上一句中出现的 "computer activities"，用定冠词"the"修饰的"player" 和 "game" 则与上一句呼应，指代游戏中的玩家和游戏。
由此可以看出，通过用好连接词以及语义承接的方式，我们可以将句子甚至段落有机联系起来，使之符合逻辑。
事实上，衔接和连贯性(Coherence and Cohesion)一直是雅思写作中的一个重要评分标准，雅思官方也给出了一个指导视频：
IELTS Writing 雅思写作连贯性

⑶ 英语作文中的Coherence和Parallelism

Parallelism是平行，在一个句子中有列举不同的东西，这两个或以上的东西可能是形容词，版动名词，动词，名词等，权但是 每个 列举的物品都要性质一致。
譬如: I love to swim（动）, run（动）, and play（动） basketball.
错局: I can cook（动）, wash（动） dishes, and cleaning tables（动名词）.
平行句型通常表示例举的项都有相同重要性。

Coherence是连贯性，就是表达的意思要有联系，不能一下说这个，等会就说另外一个。譬如: I love playing basketball and my sister doesn't study very hard. 这句就没有连贯性，第一句写出我的爱好，跟着的句子如果没有转折提示词的话（although, but, however, on the other hand等），读者会期待读有关于你爱好的句子。

⑷ 英语写作在英语学习中的重要性

别急 会把英语写作能力提高的
谈谈如何提高英语写作能力

关键词：英语写作能力 原则 方法
引言：英语写作能力是英语听、说、读、写四种基本能力之一，英语写作能有效地促进语言知识的内化。Swain（1985）提出“可理解输出”假设，认为包括写在内的语言产生性运用有助于学习者检验目的语句法结构和词语的使用，促进语言运用的自动化，有效地达到了语言习得的目的。通过写作，英语知识不断得到巩固并内在化，有利于英语技能的全面发展。但是，英语写作又是广大英语学习者最感头痛的问题之一，且容易被教师忽视，笔者以为如何提高英语写作能力值得我们认真研究。本文就此谈谈初浅的看法。
一、提高英语写作能力的原则
（一）渐进性原则。要坚持“句—段—篇”的训练程序，由易到难，循序渐进。在英语写作的初始阶段，要始终注意培养学生良好的写作习惯，狠抓基本功训练。在学生掌握了基本句型并能写出简单句子后，再要求学生根据一些体例写出小段的文章。在段落写作中要引导学生分析段落的结构、段落的中心句、句与句之间的逻辑关系、写作手法等，这样有利于下一步一篇文章的写作。在文章写作中要教会学生如何构思文章、如何运用正确的写作技巧等。
（二）多样性原则。要坚持训练形式的多样化及写作文体的多样性。从形式上而言，可以用回答提问的口头作文，也可以用续写故事；可以改写课文，也可以仿写课文；可以写提纲训练谋篇布局，也可以写拓展段训练发散思维……。从文体上而言，可以写说明文、议论文、记叙文，也可以写书信、便条、通知等实用文体。
(三)结合性原则。要坚持听说读训练和写训练相结合。根据语言习得理论，学习者在学习时常先通过听和读吸取语言知识，从而了解别人的思想，再通过说和写来表达自己的思想，让别人了解自己。大量的听说训练能促进读写能力的提高。因此，写与听说读紧密结合，进行多元化的能力训练，可使学生的各项能力互相影响、互相渗透、互相促进。
（四）控制性原则。要坚持写作前的指导，控制学生的汉语语言思维，发展英语语言思维。语言学习在很大程度上主要是模仿，而非随心所欲地自由表达。教师要加强写作前的指导，可给出范文让学生模仿，以熟悉其语篇结构。同时要控制其汉语语言思维，尽可能让学生习惯英语语言思维，以便于学生学习和掌握地道、正确的英语。
（五）持久性原则。要坚持长期、正确的写作训练。英语写作能力的提高并非一朝一夕之事，而是一个长期的、艰巨的、渐进的过程。这就要求教师、学生都要有充分的思想准备，要有坚韧不拔的意志和必胜的信心。
二、提高英语写作能力的方法。
（一）通过积累词汇量，提高英语写作能力。犹如土木砖石是建筑的材料一样，词汇是说话写作的必需材料，也是制约写作能力提高的瓶颈。可以想象，如果要写一个句子，10个单词有8个单词拼写错误或拼写不出，有2
个单词用法不当，又怎么能清楚地表达自己的思想呢？因此，在平时的教学中要强调学生记忆单词，记住单词的拼读、用法、意思等。记忆单词的方法有很多，各人有各人的记忆方法和习惯，可因人而异。教师可通过要求学生朗读单词、听写单词、默写单词、遣词造句、词汇竞赛等多种方法促进学生记单词。记忆单词是一个长期的反复的过程，要长期地坚持下去，才能不断积累大量的词汇，为英语写作打下坚实的基础。
（二）通过扩大阅读量，提高英语写作能力。古人云“熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟”，这是汉语的一种学习方法，同样可借鉴于英语写作。多阅读是学生增加接触英语语言材料、接受信息、活跃思维、增长智力的一种途径，同时也是培养学生英语思维能力、提高理解力、增强语感、巩固和扩大词汇量的一种好方法，有利于促进英语写作能力的提高。在阅读训练中，教师要注意以下问题：一是指导阅读方法，分析文章结构、中心思想、段落中心句、写作方法等，帮助学生掌握各类文章的结构及写作方法。二要精读与泛读相结合，通过推敲优秀的文章来学会写作方法和选词用词；通过大量的泛读来吸取信息量，扩大词汇量。三要扩大阅读量。提供阅读的材料涉及面要广，才能不断扩大学生的知识面，使学生适应各种题材的写作。
（三）通过提高听说能力，提高英语写作能力。英语听说读写四种能力是相互影响、相互促进的，提高听说能力必定会促进写作能力的提高。要提高听说能力关键在于创设一个良好的英语环境。教师要尽可能地用英语授课，多开展专门的听说训练，同时开展丰富多彩的课外英语活动，让学生沉浸在英语海洋中去领略、去体会、去使用英语，久而久之，学生自然能使用正确的、地道的英语进行交谈与写作。
（四）通过重视写作过程，提高英语写作能力。长期以来，英语写作成果教学法（THE PRODUCT
APPROACH）在我国居于主导地位，教师根据写作的终成品来判断写作的成败，重视写作的技术性细节（如格式、拼写、语法等），忽视写作过程的指导。根据D.Rumechart和J.McClelland提出的连通论（Connectionism)理论，写作包括写前阶段、具体写作、文章修改三个基本过程，这三个过程并非是线性排列，而是循环往复，穿插进行的。教师只有重视加强对写作三个过程的指导，才能更好地提高英语写作能力。在写作前阶段，教师重在指导学生如何挖掘题材，训练发散性思维，以及如何选择材料、谋篇布局等。在具体写作中，教师重在指导学生如何紧扣主题、运用正确的写作方法等。在文章修改中，教师重在指导学生如何修改语法及用词的错误。
（五）通过多写英语摘要，提高英语写作能力。英语摘要是把一篇文章的要点摘录出来，用自己的语言使之独立成一篇短文，这不是简单的摘录，而是忠于原文意思的再创作。写英语摘要有利于学生了解原文的文化背景、理解原文的中心意思、弄清原文的篇章结构，从而提高学生的逻辑思维能力和谋篇布局能力。
（六）通过发展英语语言思维能力，提高英语写作能力。英语写作是运用已掌握的内在化语言知识和表达方法，通过思维进行外在化输出的创作，因此英语语言思维能力在英语写作中作用非凡。对于我国学生而言，在英语写作中易受汉语语言思维的影响，难以直接用英语语言进行思维，不利于英语写作能力的提高，因此发展其英语语言思维能力尤为重要。教师要注意对学生的英语语言思维进行多方位、多角度的训练：要采取各种方法训练学生英语语言思维的广阔性、深刻性、发散性和创造性；要教会学生用英语思考问题、回答问题；要从训练形象思维开始，逐步过渡到抽象思维训练；在课文讲解中要尽可能不用汉语翻译而用英语解释，消除汉语思维的影响；要努力创设良好的英语环境，在英语交际中发展英语思维能力。

写好英语段落的三个标准

首先，一个段落必须有一个中心即主题思想，该中心由主题句特别是其中的题旨来表达。整个段落必须紧扣这个主题（stick or hold to the topic），这就是段落的统一性（unity）。其次，一个段落必须有若干推展句，使主题思想得到充分展开，从而给读者一个完整的感觉，这就是完整性（completeness or adequateness）。再者，一个段落不是杂乱无章的，而是有机的组合，句子的排列顺序必须合乎逻辑，从一个句子到另一个句子的过渡必须流畅（smooth），这就是连贯性（coherence）。下面我们就对这三个标准分别加以说明。
1、统一性
一个段落内的各个句子必须从属于一个中心，任何游离于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。请看下例：
Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise， we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much， and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主题句是段首句，controlling idea（中心思想）是take the long trip across the country.文中出现两个irrelevant sentences，一个是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，这一段是讲的是Joe and I ，中间出现一个Bella是不合适的。还有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner这一句更是与主题句不相关。考生在四级统考的作文卷上常常因为造出irrelevant sentences（不相关语句）而丢分，值得引起注意。再看一个例子：
My name is Roseanna， and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds， but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles， swimming fifteen laps， lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit，但段中有两个irrelevant sentences，一个是I bought two new suitcases last week，另一个是My mother was a premature baby.
从上面两个例子可以看出，native speakers同样会造出来irrelevant sentences.卷面上如果这种句子多了，造成偏题或离题，那问题就更严重了。
2、完整性
正象我们前面说得那样，一个段落的主题思想靠推展句来实现，如果只有主题句而没有推展句来进一步交待和充实，就不能构成一个完整的段落。同样，虽然有推展句，但主题思想没有得到相对圆满的交待，给读者一种意犹未尽的感觉。这样的段落也不能完成其交际功能。例如：
Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides， it is more useful to work —— you proce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
本段的主题句是段首句。本段的两个推展句均不能回答主题句中提出的问题。什么是“a mind in turmoil”（心境不平静）Physical work又如何能改变这种情况？为什么它能起therapy的作用？读者得不到明确的答案。由于四级统考的作文部分只要求写一篇100～120个词的三段式短文，每一段只有大约40个词左右，因此，要达到完整就必须尽可能地简明。例如：
It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means， but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
段首句所表达的主题思想是一种看法，必须有具体事例加以验证。上述两个推展句只是在文字上对主题作些解释，整个段落内容空洞，简而不明。如果用一两个具体的例子的话，就可以把主题解释清楚了。比如下段：
It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes， pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water， will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning， or start screaming “Help”？
3、连贯性（coherence）
连贯性包括意连和形连两个方面，前者指的是内在的逻辑性，后者指的是使用转换词语。当然这两者常常是不可分割的。只有形连而没有意连，句子之间就没有内在的有机的联系；反之，只有意连而没有形连，有时行文就不够流畅。
1）、意连
段落中句子的排列应遵循一定的次序，不能想到什么就写什么。如果在下笔之前没有构思，边写边想，写写停停，那就写不出一气呵成的好文章来。下面介绍几种常见的排列方式。
A.按时间先后排列（chronological arrangement）
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose， it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast； we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then， when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must have been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in； the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain， it was our o'clock and we were exhausted. Here， judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit， not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough， by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff， dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine， when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit， we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
本段从“rose”（起床）写起，然后是吃早餐（“not to miss breakfast”， “closing at nine o'clock”），然后是“close to noon”，一直写到这一天结束（“By nine——”）。
B. 按位置远近排列（spatial arrangement）。例如：
From a distance， it looked like a skinny tube， but as we got closer， we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular， all right， but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore， we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts： a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away， we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass， unlike the tube that it was sitting on， which only had four. Inside， the tube was gloomy， because of the lack of light. Then a steep， narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的写法是由远及近，从远处（“from a distance”）写起，然后“get closer”，再到（“ten feet away”），最后是“inside the pagoda”……当然，按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要，也可以由近及远，由表及里等等。
C. 按逻辑关系排列（logical arrangement）
a. 按重要性顺序排列（arrangement in order of importance）
If you work as a soda jerker， you will， of course， not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine， your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom， your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work， the larger the organization of which you are an employee， the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization， whether it is the government， the large corporation， or the Army， this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
这一段谈的是表达能力，它的重要性与职业，身份有关，从“not need much skill”或“of little importance”到“more important”，最后是“most important”。
b.由一般到特殊排列（general-to-specific arrangement）
If a reader is lost， it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader， hacking his way through the verbiage， simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses， or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence， so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A —— the writer， in whose head the connection is clear， has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that “sanguine” and “sanguinary” mean the same thing， but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
这一段谈的是a writer's carelessness，先给出一个general statement作为主题句，然后通过5个 ”perhaps”加以例证。
c. 由特殊到一般排列（specific-to-general arrangement）
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat， Prissy， with the one I had several years ago， Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy， a quiet， feminine feline， loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people， exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg， lick， or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright， eyes closed， perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry， on the other hand， loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything， whether it was decorous or not， and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable， on the top of the television， across stranger's feet or laps， in beds， drawers， sacks， closets， or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主题句是段首句，它仅提出一个问题：为什么两只猫会被搞混。然后对两者进行比较，末句才下结论。
2）、形连
行文的逻辑性常常要靠适当的转换词语及其他手段来实现。请读下面这一段文字并找出文中用以承上启下的词语：
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First， though， he had to get through high school， so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies —— in particular， biology， chemistry， and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects， Walter became proficient in them； however， Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result， ring his junior year of high school， Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently， he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graate on schele. Finally， on June 6， Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上启下的词语有两种，一种是转换词语（transitional words or phrases），另一种是起转换作用的其他连接手段（linking devices）。前者依次有：first， though， so， in particular， and， because， however， besides， as a result， both…and， consequently， and， finally.后者依次是：he， he， his， his， he， these， them， he， those， his， he， these， his. 本段中共有词汇105个，所使用的转换词语及其他连接用语共26个词，约占该段总词汇量的四分之一。由此可见，掌握好transitions不仅对行文的流（smoothness）有益，而且对于学生在半个小时内写足四级短文所要求的120个词也是不无好处的。
一个段落里如果没有transitions也就很难有coherence了。我们看下面一个例子：Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 years ago. Written language is a recent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture， loudness， and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture， loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句开头出现一个起过渡作用的”it”之外，没有使用其他的过渡词语。这样，文中出现许多重复的词语，全段读起来也显得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的过渡词语来修饰的话，这一段就成了下面一个流畅连贯的段落：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds； writing， on the other hand， uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago， but written language is a recent development， invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal， while the word choice of writing， by contrast， is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from， they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture， loudness， and the rise and fall of the voice， but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
4、有损连贯性的几种情况：
考生在写作中经常出现下面几种错误：
1、不必要的改变时态，比如：
In the movie， Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him， so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house， he had waited for the heat to die down， but they come after him anyway.
2、不必要的改变单复数，比如：
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run， the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3、不必要的改变人称，比如：
Now more than ever， parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此写作中，一定要注意时态，人称以及数的变化是否正确，要注意保持一致。

⑸ 英语作文

在家里，我又与那两种讨厌的动物天天见面了。
At home, I again with the two hate animal meet every day.
从小到大，我对蝙蝠和蜘蛛都没有好感。我想大家也基本上都是这样吧，谁会对那两个黑鬼感兴趣呀！
From small to large, I have no opinion of bats and spiders. I think we are basically all is this, who will be interested in the two niggers!
每天傍晚，天空成了昆虫的世界，同时也是蝙蝠的天地。虽说蝙蝠捕捉蛾子等昆虫，按理说还是有益于人民的，可是它们的生活习惯让人不齿一提，也让人们对它们产生了厌恶感。
Every evening, the sky became the world of insects, but also the world of bats. Although bats catching moths and other insects, arguably, is beneficial to the people, but their life habit let people despise a mention, also let people have tired of them.
我见惯了蝙蝠，甚至捉住过，记得有一次还把它们打死了。现在对于天天见面的它们已经见怪不怪了。可是那晚，行走在路上时的我，很随意的往天空看了一下。满天飞的蝙蝠还是吸引了我的眼球。
I used to see a bat, even caught, I remember once had them killed. Now to meet every day they have become inured to the unusual. But the night, walking on the road when I, very casual look the sky. Exist everywhere bat or caught my eye.
它们在天空打着圈。每个蝙蝠离地面的高度是不会轻易变的。离地面近的地方，蝙蝠很多，远的地方，就越来越少。在高处的蝙蝠，它们也打着圈捕捉昆虫，可是为什么它们要飞的那么高呢？在低处捕捉昆虫不是容易些吗。离地面近的地方昆虫显然多些。
They were in the sky of a circle. The height of each bat from the ground is not easily change. Away from the place, the ground near bat many, far, less and less. In the height of the bat, they are also under the ring to catch insects, but why they want to fly so high? In the low to catch insects do not easy. From the place near the ground is more insects.
我望着高处的蝙蝠，它们一个比一个飞的高，最后我只能看到星星点点的黑点在飞着。我驻足想着，或许是他们不甘于低处昆虫的口味，飞到高处追逐自己更想要的味道。
I looked at the height of the bat, they than a fly high, I can only see the tiny spots of black spots on the fly. I stopped to think, perhaps they are unwilling to lower insects fly up high taste, chasing his own more want to taste.
说到蜘蛛，小时是见到了都会想办法把它打死了。时常会看到一些蜂子盯着在蜘蛛网正中的蜘蛛飞一会。我和小伙伴们都期盼着蜂子吃掉蜘蛛（比起蜂子我们更恨得是蜘蛛），可是往往让我们大失所望。
Speaking of the spider, an hour is met will try to kill it. Often see some bees stared in the spider web centric spider fly. My companions and I look forward to bees eat spiders (than bees we hate spiders), but often let us greatly disappoint one's hopes.
也是一个傍晚，我坐在门口凉着风，看到不远处有一只蜘蛛正开始在织网。我从来还没看过蜘蛛是怎样织网的，于是就很好奇的凑上前去看看。
But one evening, I sat at the door of cool wind, see not far away there is a spider in the web is beginning. I've never seen spiders is how the web, so it is curious went up to have a look.
我看到蜘蛛把外圈的网织好了，每个地方它都是一点一点地爬过去的，虽然走了不少弯路，但对于不会飞、不会跳的它也只能这样一点点爬了。以前我看到过，在跨度很大的地方都能有蜘蛛丝搭在其两端，那时的我始终不明白蜘蛛是怎样把丝从一端搭到另一端的。直到现在，我看见了，蜘蛛没有走捷径，它是一点点爬过去的。
I saw a spider to outer net good, every place it is one point one points to climb in the past, although quite a few detours, but can't fly, won't it can do a little bit of climbing. I have seen before, can have a spider silk on its ends in the great span of place, I still do not understand the spider is how to put the wire from one end to the other end of A. Until now, I saw a spider, no shortcuts, it is a little bit climb past.
攀好了一个封闭的圈后，蜘蛛再把径向的丝接好，最后是从中点开始向外围一圈圈绕圆，圆与圆间的距离是逐渐变大的，每两个圆间的距离都是由蜘蛛的某两个脚控制的，距离很均匀，基本是一样的。
Climb up a closed loop, the spider to radial wire connected, finally from the point to the periphery around the circle, circle and the circle is the distance between the bigger, each of the two round distance is a two foot control spiders, distance uniform, is basically the same.
看着蜘蛛无声的工作着，我被它的精神感染了。
Looking at the spider silent work, I was the spirit of the infection.
蝙蝠和蜘蛛都是我所讨厌的，然而它们身上的气质、精神却震撼了我。
Bats and spiders are what I hate, but they are on the spirit temperament, I was shocked by the.
蝙蝠追求适合自己的食物，不畏天空的高远，不惧高处的严寒，它们为了自己的“理想”奋不顾身。
The pursuit for their own food, despite the lofty sky, not afraid of high cold, they are for their own "ideal" to forget about one's own.
蜘蛛是一位默默无闻的工作者。不曾言语，不知疲倦，不辞辛劳，它们以坚韧的品格织起精巧而规则的网，它们还拥有敏感的神经，掌控着周边的风吹网动。
The spider is an unknown to the public of the workers. Without words, tireless, hardworking, their tenacity weaving exquisite and regular network, they also have sensitive nerve, control the wind moving around the network.
武汉十六中高三:楚劲草
Wuhan 16 three: Chu Supergrass

⑹ 一篇很简单的英语作文

China is developing as a surprising spead,English is more and more useful for us,many sides will be use it.So it's necessary to learn to earn a more wonderful future.I have learned more than 5 years when i went to the junior school and it gives me so much happinese and different information.Now,there are some tips for the student.First,you must learn the basic english grammer well,and must recite the words everyday.then you should repeat your class from memory too.Finally,do the "tips collecting".I believe your english skill will prove quikly.If you recognite the spoken english,you have to speak and listen more tapes and make some friends who loves english too or some foreigners.They will be so usefull your study!

⑺ 英语作文

Dear Linda,

I am very pleased to write to you . so am i desired to fish for some konwledge about english learning from you. As is konwn to all ,with the integration of the world, mastering English which is the common language all over the world becomes more and more significant.So we shoule lay more emphasis on it,only thus can we gain a more brighter future. But with the study of english ,problems has also emerged.

A few days ago,a disscussion over the actuality of English learning was conctded among some of my classmates .During the disscussion , some problems croped up .Frist,quite a lot of students find it so difficult to learn english well that they feel like giving it up right now. Secondly,a great many of us are hard to manage english listening ,which is my trouble as well. What's more ,how to remember english words sill puzzles a fair proportion of us,which is also quit hard to overcomed. Last but not least,some students don't know how to deal with new words in reading.

The problems listed above has puzzled us for a long time .How i wish you could supervise me .Your help will be our biggest pleasure.
Yours,
Li Hua

⑻ 求助，英语作文写作指导建议

想提高写作从以下这4部分入手即可：
1. to the point
2. vocabulary
3. grammar
4. cohesion and coherence
I. to the point（切题）
不管什么考试都有作文，我们要做的第一点就是不能跑题，一旦跑题，作文分数直接不及格。那为什么还有很多人跑题呢？在英语考试中，大多数情况是因为单词不认识，因为不认识单词，所以导致题目没看懂。
II. Vocabulary（词汇）
从词汇上提高有2个方向。一个是积累高分同义词，另一个是积累替换短语。
III. Grammar (语法)
如何从语法上提升写作水平呢？主要遵循以下2个原则：
1）多变句式。一篇好的作文并不是长难句扎堆的，而是长短句结合。比如topic sentence（主旨句），我们最好简单句写，简短有力，直接表明观点。
英语中简单句有5种,分别是：
主谓
主谓宾
主系表
主谓双宾
主谓宾补
我们在写作中最好能够同时用上这5种简单句型，这样文章句式变化多样，会很有节奏感。
1简单句适合写主旨句，而从句适合展开论证。我们在解释观点时要多写从句，英语中从句有6大类：主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句、定语从句和转语从句。在这里我也不展开讲了，主要给你分享方法。
2，多用高分句型。高分作文和高分句型是标配，比如非限定性定语从句、非谓语句型、倒装句、强调句和独立主格等。
IV. cohesion 和coherence（逻辑和连贯）
一篇文章是由句子构成的，句子和句子之间不能孤立存在，而是有逻辑并连贯的。初学者写作文在这一点上往往做得比较差，你会发现他们的句子和句子之间没有逻辑，东一句西一句，想到哪写到哪。这种作文即使词汇和语法不错，也很难拿高分。
英语作文中常用的逻辑关系有8种：因果、转折、对比、让步、假设、下定义、举例、限定范围。
最主要的还是作者自己多练、多写、多记。

⑼ BEC英语写作训练

- http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_97c021040100z4h9.html
学习BEC英语写作的一些感受，和你分享~BEC英语是一种特殊用途英语，它比一般的英语专业具有更强的专业性，它要求写作者不仅要具备英语语言的基础知识，还要熟悉BEC知识，能自如运用英语从事BEC活动。
1. 不断通过写作练习培养英语语法的应用能力，重视掌握有关词汇的用法，以便能运切实用有关语法和词汇去写作。这是英语写作的基础。
2. 通过大量阅读逐渐培养英语思维，并掌握一些写好句子的技巧，以便在把句子写正确的同时，不断培养用地道的英语把句子写好的能力。
3. 了解一些英语段落、篇章的组织和写作知识。所写段落与篇章均要力求连贯(coherence)和衔接(cohesion)。篇章的用词和句式在文体上一般要保持一致(unity)
在我之前学的那个商务英语写作班，它也有一个资料的免费获取，报名还赠送语法讲座视频和电子英语杂志，挺好的啊~