Ⅰ 英语写作中存在的语言错误如:主谓一致、时态处理、冠词用法、名词单复数形式、单词词性怎么区分和搭配
一、概述
在作谓语的动词用来表示动作(或情况、状态)发生时间的各种形式称为时 态。由于英语属于曲折变化的语言,其动词时态的变化要通过词的曲折词形变化来体现的,因而也就有了现在式、过去式、过去分词式三个基本词形。英语中根据说话的时间不同有时和体的不同,主要有十六这十二种时态可以列表如下:
一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时
一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时
一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时
一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
这些时态的形式可以用下表来表示,以do 动词为例:
一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态
现在do
doesbe (am, is are ) doinghas doing
havehas been doing
have
过去did be (was, were) doinghad donehad been doing
将来shall do
will shall (will) be doing shall (will) have doneshall (will) have been doing
过去将来should (would) doshould (would) be doingshould (would)
have done should (would) have been doing
下面根据这些时态常用的程度不同分别说明它们的用法。
二、各时态详解
1、一般现在时
一般现在时主要由动词原形表示,但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s,另外be 和have要根据人称的变化使用特殊的形式。一般现在时主要表示经常性的动作或存在的状态,还可用来表示普遍真理。
The Yangtze rises in Qinghai. 长江发源于青海。
Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜于言辞。
We have friends all over the world. 我们的朋友遍天下。
2、现在进行时
现在进行时是由助动词be加现在分词构成的。主要表示现在或现时刻这一阶段正在进行的动作,有时候还用来表示一个最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。
How are things getting on with you? 工作进行的怎么样?
Someone is asking for you on the phone. 有人找你接电话。
They are publishing a new version of the playscript by Taso Yu this autumn.
今年秋天他们要出版曹禺剧作的一个新译本。
3、一般将来时
一般将来时由助动词shall (will)加动词原形构成。它表示将要发生的动作或情况。
They will sit the post-graate examinations next autumn.明年秋他们要参加工硕考试。
The teacher will not let me go home before I have finished my homework.
老师要我做完作业才能回家。
4、一般过去时
一般过去时由动词过去式表示,动词be 根据人称有was和were两个词形,规则动词在词尾加-d-或ed;其他动词参阅不规则动词变化表, 该时态主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。
It's a pity that you did not go to the movie. 很遗憾你没有去看那部电影。
Many people died in the tsunami that took place in Thailand.
很多人在泰国的那次海啸中遇难丧生。
5、现在完成时
现在完成时是由助动词have和has加过去分词构成的。主要表示此刻以前曾经发生的动作或情况。如:
Grain output has greatly increased in the past few years. 这几年粮食产量有了很大增长。
The area has suffered from disastrous floods throughout its history.
这个地区历史上一直遭受水患之苦。
注意:过去时和现在完成时的区别:
现完成时的基本特点是它和现在有密切的联系,或是指迄今为止这一段时间的情况,或是过去发生的事对现在造成的影响或结果等。而过去时主要强调过去某时刻所发生的动作或情况,与现在没有任何联系。如:
Up till now we have planted over 10,000 apple trees.
到目前为止我们共种了一万多棵苹果树。
I saw him a minute ago. 我前一会还见到他的。
6、过去进行时
过去进行时是由助动词be的过去式加上现在分词构成的,主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。
At that time she was working as an assistant in a physics labatory.
那时她在一家物理实验室做助手。
They took us to see the chemical fibre mill that they were building.
他们带我们去参观了他们正在修建的化纤厂。
7、过去完成时
过去完成时由助动词had加动词的过去分词构成,主要表示过去某时刻前业已完成的动作或存在的状态,其实就是指过去的过去。使用时往往要要在从句中或有一个明确的过去时间状语。
Before daybreak they had covered half the distance. 拂晓前他们已经走完了大半路程。
No sooner had the rain stopped than they set out again. 雨一停他们就又上路了。
He had not learned any English before he came to the university.
上大学前他一点英语没学过。
8、一般过去将来时
一般过去将来时由助动词would加动词原形构成,主要表示从过去某一时间角度看以后将要发生的动作。含这个时态的句子常带一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。这个状语或是一个短语,或是一个句子。这个时态常用于:宾语从句或间接引语中。例如:
When I thought about it, I wondered what their reaction would be.
当我考虑这件事时,我想知道他们的反应是什么。
She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day.
她告诉我,她第二天要去欧洲旅行。
Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework.
无论他什么时间有空,他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。
No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多难,他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。
9、一般将来完成时
一般将来完成时由shall (will) + have + 过去分词构成。主要表示在将来某时业已发生的动作。如:
After we finish this text, we'll have learned twenty texts.
这课课文结束后,我们就学了二十课课文了。
By the next month, I'll have finished my task. 到下个月,我将完成任务。
They will have hit the year's target by the end of October.
到十月底他们就可完成全年的指标了。
10、现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时由have(has)been加动词的现在分词构成,表示发生在过去的某个动作延续到现在或刚刚完成,或许还要继续延续。这种时态侧重于这个动作的连续性,或者说不间断性。例如:
I've been waiting for you for the whole morning. 整个上午我一直在等你。
It has been raining for three days. 雨连续下了三天。
Where have you been? 你去哪儿啦?
She has been busy preparing the exhibition since we met last time.
自我们上次见面以来,她就一直忙着筹备那个展览。
11、过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时由had been加现在分词构成,表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如:
It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places. 倾盆大雨下了一周,在许多地区引发了山崩。
At last they gor the telegram they had been expecting.
最后他们收到了他们一直盼望的电报。
三、时态强化练习
1. . My dictionary __________, I have looked for it everywhere but still_________ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find
C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
2. Mary ____________ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
3. He said he________me a present unless I_______ in doing the experiment.
A. had not given; had not succeeded B. would not give; succeed
C. will not give; succeed D. would not give; will succeed
4. By the time he arrives in Beijing tomorrow, we __________ here for two days.
A. have been staying B. have stayed
C. shall stay D. will have stayed
5. You don't need to describe her. I ______________ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
6. We ________ let you use the toilet room on condition that you ___________ keep it clean and tidy.
A. will; would keep B. would; kept C. will; keep D. can't; would keep
7. When you ____ the test, check your papers before you hand them in.
A. will finish B. will have finished
C. are finishing D. have finished
8. He has been studying here for three years, by next summer he _________.
A. will graate B. will be graated
C. will have graated D. will be graating
9. Don't you know it's the first time he ____ this kind of meeting? ?
A. attends? B. attended? C. has attended? D. is attending
10. She ____ for 12 years by the time she graates from the Foreign Language Institute.
A. has studied English B. has been studying English
C. had studied English D. will have been studying English
四、时态练习详解
1.「答案」D.
「解析」前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
2.「答案」C.
「解析」割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同时,when表时间的同时性,“玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。
3.「答案」B.
「解析」在时间,条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时。本题有He said,故为过去式。主句用将来时,故选B. 此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时。
4.「答案」D.
「解析」考察学生对将来完成时态的用法。在这一时态中注意介词by,它一般用于将来时态中,题干后有for two days,又表示完成,故而使用将来完成时。
5.「答案」B.
「解析」首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。
6.「答案」C.
「详细解答」一般来说,在表达将来的主从结构中,主句用一般将来时,而从句应用一般现在时。该题就符合这一特点。
7.「答案」D.
「解析」在表示“吩咐,命令,劝告”等的祈使句结构中可以和一个表示完成时的时态连用,主要用来表示一个动作结束后再开始另一动作。类似这样的用法在英语中使用相当频繁。
8.「答案」C .
「解析」 将来完成时主要表示将来某时将会发生的事情,一般要用表示将来的时间状语,如:by 或 before 引导的介词词组或 before 引导的时间状语从句。
9.「答案」C.
「解析」在“It's the 1st time that…”结构中,that分句中的动词用现在完成体。
10.「答案」D.
「解析」本题考点是将来完成进行时。by+将来的时间是将来完成时的标志,而“学习” 这个动作是一直进行的,因此选D.
Ⅱ “学习非常难”用英语怎么说
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Ⅲ 高中英语简单句的写作,有哪五种基本句型
英语中的五种基本句型结构
一、句型1: Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,所谓不及物动词,就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如:
1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。
2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。
3)Spring is coming.
4) We have lived in the city for ten years.
二、句型2:Subject (主语) + Link. V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)
这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类:
(1)表示状态。这样的词有:be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如:
1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。
2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。
(2)表示变化。这类系动词有:become, turn, get, grow, go等。如:
1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。
2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。
三、句型3:Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语)
这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词,就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语,其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例:
1) He took his bag and left.(名词) 他拿着书包离开了。
2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。
3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。
4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。
注意:英语中的许多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。
四、句型4: Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)
这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如:
1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。
2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。 上述句子还可以表达为:
1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.
五、句型5: Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语)
这种句型中的“宾语 + 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如:
1)You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(形容词)
2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。
3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。
4)My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(现在分词)
5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(过去分词)
● 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。
● 注意:动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to。如:
1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。
2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。
独立主格结构
一) 独立主格结构的构成:
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;
名词(代词)+形容词;
名词(代词)+副词;
名词(代词)+不定式;
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
二) 独立主格结构的特点:
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定 式,介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例:
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了,我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成后,我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆。
三) With的复合结构作独立主格
表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构。
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
举例: He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raise.
典型例题
The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied
答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.
注意:
1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题:
当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
( hand前不能加his)。
2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分 词,不及物动词用过去分词。
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
典型例题:
Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.
A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting
答案B. 本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号,且we 小写,可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构,其结构为:名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许',表主动,应用现在分词,故选B。
如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。
不能“以貌取意”的常见句型例析
1.This is the last thing I would ever want to do.
这是我最不愿做的一件事情。
【析】“the last +to do;the last +定语从句”中的last的意思为“least willing/likely”,译为“最不愿意;最不可能”。
He's the last man I want to see.他是我最不想见的人。
He is the last person to tell a lie.他是最不可能撒谎的人。
She's the last woman I want to sit next to at dinner.她是我在宴会上最不愿与之挨着坐的女人。
2.One can't be too honest.
人越老实越好。
【析】句中“cannot...too...”意为“无论怎样……也不过分”或“越……越好”。该句型中的not可以换成 hardly,never或scarcely;too可以换成 over或enough等,意思不变。
You cannot be too careful.You cannot be over careful.=You cannot be careful enough.你越仔细越好。
A man can never have too many friends.朋友越多越好。
3.It's a wise man that never makes mistakes.
无论多么聪明的人,也难免犯错误。
【析】“It is a +形容词+名词+that...”结构是一个特殊的习惯用法,意思是“无论怎样的……也不……”。真正的句子意思与字面意思相反,它具有含蓄的让步意味,切不可望文生义、译成强调句型。
It's a long lane that has no turning.无论怎样长的巷子也有转弯处。(引申意义为:耐心等待终会时来运转。)
It's a good horse that never stumbles.再好的马也有失前蹄的时候。(引申意义为:金无足赤,人无完人。)
4I'm too anxious to know the result.
我极想知道结果。
【析】英语中“too...to...”结构表示“太……以致不”的意思。例如:The star is too small to see.但是,如果too后形容词表示主语的状态、心理活动、情感态度(常见的有glad,easy,ready,anxious,eager, willing,happy等),并与其后的不定式构成固定搭配,这时too含有肯定意义,表示“very,extremely”的意思。
They are too anxious to leave.他们急于离去。
Mr.Smith was too eager to see her.史密斯先生极想见到她。
5.It's three years since he was a teacher.
他不当教师已经三年了。
【析】在“It is some time since +主语+谓语+其它成分。”这一结构中,如果从句谓语动词是非延续性动词,那么时间的计算就从该动作的发生开始算起。
It‘s three years since he joined the army.他参军已经三年了。
如果从句谓语动词是延续性动词,时间就要从该动作的结束算起。
It's many years since they lived here.他们不在这儿住已经好多年了。
6.All that glitters is not gold.
闪光的东西不一定都是金子。
【析】在句中当不定代词all,both,every及 every的复合词,副词always,often,entirely与 not一起使用时,表示部分否定,意思是“并非都是”,“不是每个人都”等。
I don't remember all these formulas.这些公式我并非全都记得。
Every man cannot do it.并非每个人都能做这个。
I don't entirely agree with you.我并不完全同意你的看法。
注意:当all,both,every等词和带im-,in-,un-,dis-等表示否定意义的前缀的词连用时,表示全部否定的意义。
All your answers are incorrect.你所有的答案都不正确。
表示全部否定时,我们常使用no,not,nobody,nothing,never,nowhere,neither等词。
None of the teachers smoke.这些老师都不抽烟。
7.The mountain is not valuable because it is high.
山并不因为高而具有价值。(山不在高)
【析】含有原因状语从句的主从复合句,形式上虽然否定主句的谓语,然而意义上则是否定该原因状语,译为“并不因为……而……”。
You cannot walk away just because someone tells you he doesn't want to buy.你不能仅仅因为他告诉你不买就走开。
Galileo was not ready to accept it just because Aristotle had said so.伽利略并不只是因为亚里斯多德说过某事如何如何,就轻易相信它。
8.I didn't pretend to understand what he said.
我假装没懂他说的话。
【析】常用动词pretend,happen的否定形式有两种:既可以否定pretend,也可以否定其后的不定式,其意义不变。
I didn't happen to be there.=I happened not to be there.我恰巧不在那儿。
They didn't pretend to see me when I went by.=They pretended not to see me when I went by.当我经过的时候,他们假装没有看见我。
9Let's have a rest under the big tree. It's nice and cool here.
让我们在大树下歇会吧。这儿很凉快。
【析】nice and,good and都表示“很,非常,完全”的意思。and前的形容词实质上起副词作用,修饰后边的形容词,表示强调。
I am good and ready.我都准备好了。
It is good and cold in the morning.早上非常冷。
独立主格结构
一) 独立主格结构的构成:
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;
名词(代词)+形容词;
名词(代词)+副词;
名词(代词)+不定式;
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
二) 独立主格结构的特点:
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定 式,介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例:
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了,我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成后,我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆。
三) With的复合结构作独立主格
表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构。
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
举例: He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raise.
典型例题
The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied
答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.
注意:
1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题:
当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
( hand前不能加his)。
2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分 词,不及物动词用过去分词。
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
典型例题:
Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.
A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting
答案B. 本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号,且we 小写,可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构, 其结构为:名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许',表主动,应用现在分词,故选B。
如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。
不能“以貌取意”的常见句型例析
1.This is the last thing I would ever want to do.
这是我最不愿做的一件事情。
【析】“the last +to do;the last +定语从句”中的last的意思为“least willing/likely”,译为“最不愿意;最不可能”。
He's the last man I want to see.他是我最不想见的人。
He is the last person to tell a lie.他是最不可能撒谎的人。
She's the last woman I want to sit next to at dinner.她是我在宴会上最不愿与之挨着坐的女人。
2.One can't be too honest.
人越老实越好。
【析】句中“cannot...too...”意为“无论怎样……也不过分”或“越……越好”。该句型中的not可以换成 hardly,never或scarcely;too可以换成 over或enough等,意思不变。
You cannot be too careful.You cannot be over careful.=You cannot be careful enough.你越仔细越好。
A man can never have too many friends.朋友越多越好。
3.It's a wise man that never makes mistakes.
无论多么聪明的人,也难免犯错误。
【析】“It is a +形容词+名词+that...”结构是一个特殊的习惯用法,意思是“无论怎样的……也不……”。真正的句子意思与字面意思相反,它具有含蓄的让步意味,切不可望文生义、译成强调句型。
It's a long lane that has no turning.无论怎样长的巷子也有转弯处。(引申意义为:耐心等待终会时来运转。)
It's a good horse that never stumbles.再好的马也有失前蹄的时候。(引申意义为:金无足赤,人无完人。)
4I'm too anxious to know the result.
我极想知道结果。
【析】英语中“too...to...”结构表示“太……以致不”的意思。例如:The star is too small to see.但是,如果too后形容词表示主语的状态、心理活动、情感态度(常见的有glad,easy,ready,anxious,eager, willing,happy等),并与其后的不定式构成固定搭配,这时too含有肯定意义,表示“very,extremely”的意思。
They are too anxious to leave.他们急于离去。
Mr.Smith was too eager to see her.史密斯先生极想见到她。
5.It's three years since he was a teacher.
他不当教师已经三年了。
【析】在“It is some time since +主语+谓语+其它成分。”这一结构中,如果从句谓语动词是非延续性动词,那么时间的计算就从该动作的发生开始算起。
It‘s three years since he joined the army.他参军已经三年了。
如果从句谓语动词是延续性动词,时间就要从该动作的结束算起。
It's many years since they lived here.他们不在这儿住已经好多年了。
6.All that glitters is not gold.
闪光的东西不一定都是金子。
【析】在句中当不定代词all,both,every及 every的复合词,副词always,often,entirely与 not一起使用时,表示部分否定,意思是“并非都是”,“不是每个人都”等。
I don't remember all these formulas.这些公式我并非全都记得。
Every man cannot do it.并非每个人都能做这个。
I don't entirely agree with you.我并不完全同意你的看法。
注意:当all,both,every等词和带im-,in-,un-,dis-等表示否定意义的前缀的词连用时,表示全部否定的意义。
All your answers are incorrect.你所有的答案都不正确。
表示全部否定时,我们常使用no,not,nobody,nothing,never,nowhere,neither等词。
None of the teachers smoke.这些老师都不抽烟。
7.The mountain is not valuable because it is high.
山并不因为高而具有价值。(山不在高)
【析】含有原因状语从句的主从复合句,形式上虽然否定主句的谓语,然而意义上则是否定该原因状语,译为“并不因为……而……”。
You cannot walk away just because someone tells you he doesn't want to buy.你不能仅仅因为他告诉你不买就走开。
Galileo was not ready to accept it just because Aristotle had said so.伽利略并不只是因为亚里斯多德说过某事如何如何,就轻易相信它。
8.I didn't pretend to understand what he said.
我假装没懂他说的话。
【析】常用动词pretend,happen的否定形式有两种:既可以否定pretend,也可以否定其后的不定式,其意义不变。
I didn't happen to be there.=I happened not to be there.我恰巧不在那儿。
They didn't pretend to see me when I went by.=They pretended not to see me when I went by.当我经过的时候,他们假装没有看见我。
9Let's have a rest under the big tree. It's nice and cool here.
让我们在大树下歇会吧。这儿很凉快。
【析】nice and,good and都表示“很,非常,完全”的意思。and前的形容词实质上起副词作用,修饰后边的形容词,表示强调。
I am good and ready.我都准备好了。
It is good and cold in the morning.早上非常冷。
Ⅳ 怎样让高中英语写作技能提升求解
【摘要】“”步入高中,每当面临考试,同学们都在为写作犯愁,怎样可以提高英语写作技能呢?英语写作技能步步高(一)句子主要成分:主语、谓语、宾语写作离不开句子,要写好英语句子,首先要了解英语的句子由哪些成分构成,能充当这些成分的各是什么词?句子的组成部分分为:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语,其中主语与谓语是主要成分,一般不可缺少;其他成分可根据具体的句子加以选择。本单元主要复习句子的主要成分:主语、谓语、宾语。一、 主语句子的主体,表示句子所说的是谁或是什么。练习:请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么(词,短语或句子)可以充当主语。1. The boy comes from Amierican.2. He usually wenti to school alone.3. Studying English is every important.4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.5. That he won the prize excited everyone.6. It is important for us to have our dreams.7. It is obvious that he was wrong.8. It is no use crying over spilt milk.归纳:主语一般由名词、_______,或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包括_____,______还有_______)。另外,当句子的主语为_______,_________或_________时,主语部分太长,为使句子平衡,避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语。二、谓语说明主语动作、状态或特征,由动词或动词词组充当。除了倒装等情况外,谓语总是位于主语的后面。既句子最主要的两大成分位置是:主语 谓语。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与动词原形构成合成谓语,助动词与动词的适当形式(如:原形、现在分词、过去分词)共同构成谓语部分。注意:谓语与主语在人称和数方面要相互照应。练习:请找出下列句子的谓语并指出谓语的构成:是实义动词、连系动词+表语、情态动词+动词的原形还是助动词+动词的适当形式?1. His parents are teachers.2. The sun rises in the east.3. We have finished reading the book.4. You ought to work harder.5. I felt cold.6. He doesn't like music.三、 宾语表示动作的对象,跟主语的性质差不多。一般由名词、宾格代词(me ,he等)或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包括不定式、动名词还有宾语从句)。宾语可分为直接宾语和间接宾语说明动作是对谁或为谁而做,直接宾语则是动作的承受着或结果。一般情况下,宾语都是在动词的后面, 它的顺序是:主语 谓语 宾语练习:请找出下列句子的宾语并指出充当宾语的词(是名词、宾格代词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词还是宾语从句)?答案:一、主语1. The boy 名词 2.He 代词 3. Studying English动名词 4.To teach him a lesson不定式5.That he won the prize主语从句 6.it 形式主语,to have our dreams 不定式短语作真正主语 7.it 形式主语, that he was wrong 主语从句作真正的主语 8. it 形式主语 crying over spilt milk动名词短语做主语二、谓语1. His parents are teachers.系动词+表语2.The sun rises in the east.实义动词3.We have finished reading the book.4.You ought to work harder.情态动词+动词原形5.I felt cold.系动词+表语6.He doesn't like music.助动词+动词原形三、宾语1. He has never met her in person.宾格代词2.She handed him a book. Him宾格代词做间接宾语,a book名词作直接宾语3.He likes to play basketball.不定式短语4.We enjoy listening to the music.动名词短语5.She said that she felt sick.宾语从句6.They sent the injured to hospital.名词化的形容词7.I find it possible to believe her any longer. It形式宾语 不定式作真正的宾语8.We consider it no good getting up late. It形式宾语,动名词作真正的宾语9.They believed it strange that he should have done that. It形式宾语,宾语从句做真正的宾语以上是小编为大家整理的“”全部内容,更多相关内容请点击:高中 > 高中英语学习 > 英语写作
Ⅳ 英语怎么怎么学
1、积词:英语词汇是学习英语的基础,学好英语也是必不可少的。就像逐字学习汉语一样。你可以把一本英语词汇书放在平时工作或学习的地方,并规定每天应该记住多少个单词。注意开头的数字不要太多,以免给自己造成太大的压力或不兼容。
2、事物联想:如果想真正学好英语,必须把英语学习融入你的生活。平时多注意观察身边的事物。只有把生活和英语紧密地联系起来,才能不知不觉地提高英语水平。例如,当看到水,会想到英语中的水,计算机等等。
3、多听写多写作:许多中国学生多年来学不好英语的主要原因是总是被动地接受老师传授的知识,缺乏主动学习的意识。在现实生活中,除了英语课很少接触英语。可以在网上找到一些地道的英语听力资源。
(5)不定式在英语写作中的运用扩展阅读:
英语学习是一个循序渐进的过程,不可能在短时间内一下就学好,所以,孩子在入门儿的时候,不论是老师,还是家长,都不要操之过急,可能孩子刚开始接受得比较慢,但时间一长,对英语知识各方面的运用自然就比较熟练。
然而,如果家长过于着急,反而会给孩子带来压力,使孩子对英语有一种厌倦感,这对孩子英语成绩的提高是相当不利的。所以,不要太过于强求,也不要总是拿自己的孩子跟别人比,只要孩子稳扎稳打,定然会在英语学习过程中取得一定的成绩。