英语写作中哪些动词中文没有

㈠ 英文论文写作中的语法问题

1. 主语和谓语的单数和复数要一致
英语中名词有它的单数和复数形式，动词也有它的单数和复数形式，二者要一致。单数主语(subject)名词要用动词(verb)的单数(singular)形式，复数主语名词要用动词的复数 (plural)形式。我们写中文的不太习惯英语的这种写法，很难做到不假思索地配对，需要特别留心才能不出错误，特别是当主语名词和动词被分开时。试看下面的例句：
A high percentage of peptides that are made of amino acids are present in the sample.
A high percentage才是真正的主语，而不是邻近的amino acids, 所以应该用单数形式。
宜改为：A high percentage of peptides that are made of amino acids is present in the sample.
让事情更复杂的是英语名词被分为不同的种类，其中的一类叫集合名词。它既可以当单数用词也可以当复数用。集合名词当整体来讲时是单数，每个成员作为个体时用复数。
2、修饰语同主语名词关系上要一致
当用动名词、分词短句和不定式短句作修饰语时，修饰语中的动词要同主句中的主语名词关系上要一致。
科技杂志论文中有这种语法错误的情况较多。严格来讲这只是种语法错误，一般不影响对句子的内容的理解，所以很多作者不太注意。编辑和阅稿人有时也没有严格要求改正。比如下面就是Nature杂志2006年第439卷中的一个例子。
Using the enhancer GAL4/UAS expression system, short-term memory traces of aversive and appetitive olfactory conditioning have been assigned to output synapses of subsets of intrinsic neurons of the mushroom bodies.
1) 动名词
After finishing the purification, the activity of the isolated compound was then studied.
We or I是动名词finishing 形式上的主语，同主句的主语activity不一致。
宜改为：After purification was finished, the activity of the isolated compound was then studied.
或：After finishing the purification, we studied the activity of the isolated compound.
Treated with the new drug, the blood cholesterol levels of participants were lowered by an average of 30%.
宜改为：Treated with the new drug, participants showed an average of 30% decrease in their blood cholesterol levels.
2) 分词短句
The iron concentration was determined using the Fenton reaction method.
The iron concentration同using the Fenton reaction method关系上不一致。
宜改为：The iron concentration was determined by the Fenton reaction method.
或：We determined the iron concentration using the Fenton reaction method.
When measuring the atmospheric level of carbon dioxide, air samples from a remote place, such as an island, is preferred.
宜改为：When the atmospheric level of carbon dioxide is measured, air samples from a remote place, such as an island, is preferred.
3) 不定式短句
To further investigate the potential role of biking in causing infertility, an expanded population of biking athletes was surveyed.
不定式短语的形式主语是we or I，同主句主语population不一致。
宜改为：To further investigate the potential role of biking in causing infertility, we surveyed an expanded population of biking athletes.
To confirm the diagnosis, blood test was ordered.
宜改为：To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor ordered blood test.
3.主语和主语的行动(谓语)在逻辑上要一致
由于一些中文和英文的表达方式不同，把中文直接翻译成相应的英文会不讲 . 一个经常被引用的语句是“price is cheap ”。中文可以说价格便宜，但英文只能说价格高或低。物品可以说cheap or expensive. 用中文的表达方式来写英文，会出现主语和主语的行动在逻辑上不一致。在写一个句子时要注意行动的真正主语名词是什么。下面是一些例子：
The highest antibiotic proction was obtained at 48 h.
不是proction而是proction yield.
宜改为：The highest antibiotic proction yield was obtained at 48 h.
The scavenging activity for hydroxyl radicals was based on Fenton reaction.
不是activity而是assay of activity
宜改为：The assay of scavenging activity for hydroxyl radicals was based on Fenton reaction.
The pharmacological compounds of ginseng were identified.
药物活性化合物应该是：pharmacologically active compounds.
宜改为：The pharmacologically active compounds of ginseng were identified.
4、代名词和其代理的先行词要一致
代名词和其代理的先行词要在人称，单数或复数，和性别上一致。一些常见的代词是：he, his; she, her; it, its (单数); they, their, these, those (复数); that, this (单数). 比如下面的例句中，compounds和their一致，protein和it一致。
Many related compounds were synthesized and their antivirus activities were studied. Growth hormone is a protein. It promotes human body growth.
下面的例句中,the 应该用 their 取代 .
The potential antioxidant capacity of compound A and compound B could be deced from the protective effects against oxidative stresses.
宜改为：The potential antioxidant capacity of compound A and compound B could be deced from their protective effects against oxidative stresses.
用代名词时，除了要保持一致外，还要避免代理不清的情况出现，以免不清楚它们到底指什么而引起误解。
The crude sample was dissolved in water and extracted with organic solvent. It was then evaporated to yield the proct.
It指organic layer还是指water layer？不明确，最好不用it.
宜改为：The crude sample was dissolved in water and extracted with organic solvent. The organic layer was then evaporated to yield the proct.
During meal hormones are released after which blood flow increases in the stomach.
Which既可以代表meal也可以代表hormones, 容易产生误解 .
宜改为：During meal hormones are released. After their release stomach blood flow increases.
5、位置的强调作用
在英语写作中，若要强调某件事情，就把它放在句子的前面。中文写作中，有关句子的条件，时间等的修饰句都是放在前面，而主句总是放在后面。而英文中即可以把条件或修饰句放在前面，也可以放在后面。放在前面就表示你要强调修饰句的条件。比如：
Before the hurricane arrived, most of the people have moved out.
Most of the people have moved out before the hurricane arrived.
在英语中两种位置关系都可以。前者强调在hurricane来之前，后者强调moved out. 而在中文中，只有一种说法，反过来说“大多数人都离开在hurricane来之前”就不对了。按中文的位置关系直译成英文，往往会不确切。同样按英文的位置关系直译成中文也是怪怪的。我上小学的孩子回家来喊“我要吃冰激凌今天，我没吃好长时间了”，就是英文“I want ice cream today. I have not eaten it for a long time.”的直接翻译。
科技写作中，一般还是把主句先写出来，除非你想强调修饰的是条件。
Through scavenging free radicals, antioxidants play an important role in protecting against complex diseases.
宜改为：Antioxidants play an important role in protecting against complex diseases through scavenging free radicals.
In microbial fermentation, phosphorus is commonly the major growth-limiting nutrient.
宜改为：Phosphorus is commonly the major growth-limiting nutrient in microbial fermentation.
主动句中事情的执行者(作者)放在前面，有强调事情的执行者(作者)的意思，而不是要研究的事物。被动句强调要研究的事物，这也是为什么科技论文中被动句用得比较多的原因之一。
We studied their effects on cell growth. 强调We.
Their effects on cell growth were studied. 强调Their effects.
6、修饰词和被修饰词要邻近
科技写作要求严谨，明确。为了严格定义一个事物，往往要加上限制性的修饰词或短句.比如描写实验用的mice时，一般不会只说mice，而是用类似“NCI-H23 tumor bearing female athymic nude mice”的描述。前面有5个修饰词来定义研究用的mice这时一般把最窄的定义写在最前面，最广的定义写在后面.修饰语要靠近同被修饰的对象。因修饰语和被修饰的词被隔开，而造成意思混乱的情况很多。下面是一些例子。
Inhibition of Acid B on xanthine oxidase was also reported.
Inhibition of 后面应紧跟xanthine oxidase，而不是Acid B, 隔开后句子就很难读 .
宜改为：Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by Acid B was also reported.
The chelating activities for ferrous ion of the Acid B were assessed.
The chelating activities后面应紧跟Acid B, 而不是ferrous ion.
宜改为：The chelating activities of the Acid B for ferrous ion were assessed.
Recing power represents the electron donating capacity, which may serve as a significant indicator of potential antioxidant activity.

㈡ 英语中哪些动词是没有被动语态的

不及物动词带有同原宾语的动词，反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动形式

1）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：

appear, die（死亡）,disappear（消失）, end (vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand

break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.

After the fire, very little remained of my house.

比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。

（错）The price has been risen.

（对）The price has risen.

（错）The accident was happened last week.

（对）The accident happened last week.

（错）The price has raised.

（对）The price has been raised.

（错）Please seat.

（对）Please be seated.

要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。

2） 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：

fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish,
cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with,
succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

This key just fits the lock.

3）系动词无被动语态（“keep”除外）：

appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn

It sounds good.

4）带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：

die, death, dream, live, life

She dreamed a bad dream last night.

5）当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。

（对）She likes to swim.

（错）To swim is liked by her.

㈢ 英语动词有哪些中英文都要有！急！

。。。英文动词？？？
你来说说中文动词有哪些吧！！！
吃，说，听，做，看，打，碰,这种有上千个吧？！你要哪种？

㈣ 英语中动词有哪些

1、四类句中功能

分别是：实义动词（Notional Verb）、系动词（Link Verb/Copular Verb/Copula）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词（Modal Verb）。

说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如：

We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。（having是实义动词。）

He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。

（has是助动词。）

2、其后带有多少宾语

分别是：及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb）、双及物动词（Ditransitive Verb）、双重及物动词（Double Transitive Verb），前两者缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.，后两者词典中一般只当做及物动词，语言学家也用Vg（“Give”型动词）和Vc（“Consider”型动词）描述后两者。

同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如：

She can dance and sing.

她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。）

She can sing many English songs.

她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。）

3、根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制

分别是：限定动词（Finite Verb）、非限定动词（Non-finite Verb）例如：

She sings very well.

她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。）

She wants to learn English well.

她想学好英语。（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。

说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）、分词（Participle）。

4、根据语素中词的个数

分别是：单字词（One-Word Verb）、短语动词（Phrasal Verb）、动词短语（Verbal Phrase）例如：

The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.

英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（contains是单字动词。）

Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.

学生们学会查字典。（look up是短语动词。）

The young ought to take care of the old.

年轻人应照料老人。（take care of是动词短语。）

5、五种形态

分别是：原形（Original Form）、第三人称单数形式（Singular Form in Third Personal）、过去式（Past Form）、过去分词（Past Participle）、现在分词（Present Participle）。

㈤ 写作-----汉语中没有动词的句子吗英语中没有动词的句子吗

我不清楚楼主想问什么？但我只晓得---------无论是汉语还是英语，构成句子的情况就是主谓宾。其中谓就是谓语动词，如果缺少了，我们叫病句，英语称之为“语法错误”~

㈥ 英语中哪些动词是没有被动语态的

1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：
appear,die disappear,end (vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand
break out,come true,fall asleep,keep silence,lose heart,take place.
After the fire,very little remained of my house.2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch agree with,arrive at / in,shake hands with,succeed in,suffer from,happen to,take part in,walk into,belong to 3) 系动词无被动语态：
appear,be become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn 4) 带同源宾语的及物动词,反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态：

㈦ 英语中哪些动词是没有被动语态的！！！

1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：
appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand
break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
After the fire, very little remained of my house. 2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 3) 系动词无被动语态：
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：

㈧ 英语中有哪些动词是没有被动语态的呢

只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。
例1： wash 清洗，是专及物动词
I washed the dishes last night.
改为被动属语态： The dishes were washed by me last night.

例2：jump 跳，是不及物动词
He jumps really high.
这句话就不能改为被动语态。

理解及物动词和不及物动词，可以接宾语的动词就是及物动词，不能接宾语的动词为不及物动词。
比如说：看、听、吃、喝、驾驶等动词后均可以接具体的名词做为这些动作的宾语，所以这些动词就是及物动词。
再比如说：跑、跳、游泳等动词后不能接具体的名词作为这些动作的宾语，所以这些动词就是不及物动词。

㈨ 有没有英语写作中动词名词化，形容词名词化的例子集合

动词ing 形式就是动名词 形容词加the 表示一类人