⑴ 雅思写作有哪些句子多样性的方法，这里看
1、句首状语提前
雅思写作中状语提前是一种相当拿分的句式，遗憾的是很多同学没有意识到这点。所谓的状语提前就是把一个由副词、介词、现在分词或动词不定式形成的小短语放在句首。这种句式最大的好处就是在一堆长句子里突然出现一个短语，让句子产生一种长短结合的节奏感。例句：
Because it is more likely now that both parents work, there is little
opportunity for children to stay in their own home up to that age. Instead, they
will probably go to a nursery school when they are much younger.
2、句中插入短语
同理，在雅思写作中，句子中间也经常可以引入一个小短语，让长句子显得更加灵活。下面大家看看这几个例句：
A、This will affect the job market, which, after all, is a key target in any
economic plan.
B、Feelings about one's job must reflect how an indivial feels about his
or her life, and because of this, job satisfaction is indeed very important.
C、Sport stars and pop stars, for example, are soon replaced by the next
younger, more energetic generation.
3、句尾用短语结
雅思写作中，在一句话的结尾处写一个小短语，可以给冗长繁杂的句子增添一点“亲和力”。例句：
A person needs to feel that they are doing valued and valuable work, so
positive feedback from superiors is very important in this
respect.(请注意respect在这里不是“尊敬”的意思，而是指“某方面”，也可以用in this regard 来表达)。
4、善于使用副词
提起副词，大多数同学的第一反应就是修饰动词，其实副词的作用不仅如此，它还可以用来修饰形容词甚至全句。由于其用法的灵活性，雅思写作中大家可以使用副词来丰富自己的句式。例句：
A、A proct's success cannot be solely(仅仅) attributed to its
advertising.
B、t often seems that the amount of money they are able to earn in a short
time cannot possibly be justified(站得住脚的) by the amount of work they do .
5、倒装句
这种语法现象很多同学都学过，但却往往忘记在雅思作文中使用。例句：
A、Only in this way can this problem be effectively solved.
B、We can see that not only are there very large differences between these
economies, but that these gaps are widening.
6、强调句
用it is…that…或者it is…Who…这两种强调句式，类似于中文的“正是…导致…”的意思。例句：
A、It is the interaction(相互影响) of the two that shapes a person's personality
and dictates how that personality develops. However, it is only those who reach
the very top of their profession who can get these huge salaries.
(请注意这个例句里的those who中的这个who并不是强调句的标志词，后一个who才是。)
7、虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一个比较高级的写作手法，但其实说白了就是用过去的时态表示现在或者将来的事情，表示语气弱化。在雅思写作中，遇到提建议的句子，虚拟语气相当适用。例句：
Without the natural talent, continuous training would be neither attractive
nor proctive, and without the training, the child would not learn how to
exploit and develop their talent.
8、长短句结合
如果你的作文中全篇都是句式长又复杂且难读的句子，可能让考官的心情变得十分沉重。但你换种方式，长短句结合反而会让大家享受阅读你的文章。例句：
There have to be fixed punishments for all crimes. However, criminal laws
have to provide certain cases of exemptions.
9、主被动交替
在国外大学里，个别教师会非常反对在学术文章中使用被动语态。但对雅思写作这种比较短小的文章来说，被动语态仍然是实现句式多样化的好方法之一。例句：
Satisfaction is also increased by a sense of responsibility for and loyalty
to a team.
10、of + 抽象名词
of+抽象名词”的意思相当于其中的那个名词所对应的形容词，用来说明某种特征或属性。常跟的抽象名词有importance/help/calue/use/interest/quality/impact等等。例句：
Of crucial importance is, in my view, how we define “responsible for
bringing the children up”.
11、通过比较制造出变化
经典范文中还经常通过比较不同事物来调动一些特殊句型，比如too…to…(太…而不能…);The + 比较级, the +比较级等。例句：
The more relaxed the learners, the better their language acquisition.
12、the + 形容词
在现实英语使用中，人们还习惯使用the + 形容词，来泛指某一类人。比如the rich, the wealthy, the poor, the
needy, the elderly。例句：
One of the most effective ways to teach children about responsibilities is
to encourage them to care for the poor and the needy.
⑵ 如何让英语写作句式多样化
句式就是句子的结构方式,也就是句子的式样或格式.不同的思想内容要用不同的句式来表达；而同一思想内容也可以用不同的句式来表达.句式不同,表达效果也就不同.只有句式多样化,文章才会生动有趣,充满活力.可是,在实际写作中,初学写作的学生往往一篇文章都是千篇一律的简单句,文章单调乏味,毫无生气.笔者认为,恰当地使用某些方法或手段有助于实际表达形式的多样化,增强表达效果.兹将常用方法简单介绍如下.
一、改变句子开头许多学生在写作中倾向于用与人有关系的词性,用名词和代词作为句子的开头,如 People,We,I,He,They,She等.但这种开头见多了,难免让人厌倦.试比较：
A．People throughout the country have greatly demanded all kinds of nutritious food．B．There is a great demand across the country for all kinds of nutritious food．第一句改用非人称名词作为主语开头,第二句则用there ＋be句型开头.这样既改变了主语＋谓语＋宾语单调句型,又把想强调的意思突出出来.实际上,为了把文章写得生动活泼,除了用主语开头外,还可以用句子的其他成分开头.
1．用副词开头Too often,students stray into the habit of cheating on tests．2．用同位语开头Air,water and oxygen,everything that is necessary for life．3．用状语开头Dark and empty,the house looked very different from the way I remembered it．4．用表语开头Equally essential to the highest success in learning a language are intense interest plus persistent effort．5．用宾语开头My advice you would not listen to；my helps you laughed at．Now you will have what you asked for．6．以短语修饰语开头1）以介词短语开头To me the news was very interesting,but to my wife very boring．2）以分词短语开头Disturbed by the discord of American life in recent decades,Manchester四十三 took flight for the pacific islands．3）以不定式短语开头To pass the exam,you should work very hard．二、巧用连接词有的学生在作文中使用过多简单句,成了简单句堆砌；有的写复杂句时,动辄用so, and,then,but,or,however,yet等非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的,反而使句子结构松散、呆板.为了避免这种现象,可以通过使用连接词,尤其是一些表示从属关系的连接词,如 who,which,that,because,since,although,after,as,before,when,whenever,if,unless,as if等,不仅能够丰富句型,而且还能够把思想表达得更清楚,意义更连贯.例如：
Natural resources are very limited．They will be exhausted in the near future．It is not true．But it becomes a major concern around the world．This is a widely accepted fact．这段文字用简单句表达,它们之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清,意思支离破碎.如果使用连接词,将单句与其前后合并,形成主次关系,就把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、结构严谨.例如：
It is a widely accepted fact that there is a major concern around the world for the exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future,though it is unlikely to be true．再如：
The Mississippi River is one of the longest rivers in the world,and in spring time it often overflows its banks,and the lives of many people are endangered．此句用and把三个分句一贯到底,既乏味又可笑.如果使用了关系代词which,语义就会更连贯,语言也会更流畅：
The Mississippi River,which is one of the longest rivers in the world,often overflows its banks in the spring time,endangering the lives of many people．三、长短句交插长句和短句是就句子的字数多少、形体长短而言的.长句和短句各有其优点和缺点.长句,因为使用的定语、状语较多,限制了概念的外延,增大了概念的内涵,所以比较精确、严密,但使用起来不够活泼简便.短句,由于字数少,直截了当,一般比较简洁、明快、有力,但不利于表达复杂的语义内容.在具体语言活动中,最好长短句交替使用.这既体现了节奏上的要求,也是意义上的需要.例如：
（1）We can imagine the beautiful surroundings．（2）There are many trees along the streets．（3）There is a clean river in the city．（4） There are many fishes in the river．（5）There are willow trees on the one side．（6）There are some pieces of grassland on the other side．（7）There are many flowers on them．文中七个句子都是简单句,句型结构单一,而且句子长短同一,都在七、八词左右,十分单调.下面是修改后的段落：
（1）Just imagine the beautiful surroundings if we make our cities greener．（2）Green trees line the streets．（3）A clean river winds through the city,in which a lot of fishes abound．（4）On the one side stand rows of willow trees．（5）On the other side lies a stretch of grassland sprinkled with many yellow and red flowers．改写后的这段文字,有长句（1）、（3）、（5）,也有短句（2）和（4）,一长一短,抑扬顿挫的节奏感就出来了.不仅句子长短交插,而且句型结构变化也很大,使文章流畅自然,生动活泼.
四、利用倒装结构英语的基本句型是S＋V＋O,如果偶尔打破常规,改变某一成分的位置,不仅可以丰富句型,而且能强调、突出被倒装的部分,收到意想不到的表达效果.例如：
1）In no other place in the world can one find such enthusiasm for applying for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games．2）Faith in the Chinese economic reforms the majority of people will never lose．总之,英语的句式是多种多样的,只要从要表达的内容出发合理选用,文章的句式就会富于变化.同时,在学习写作的过程中,学生应不断练习构造各种各样句式,以提高语言表达能力.
⑶ 大学英语写作中如何避免句子单一化 如何使句子开头多样化 如何写出生动活泼的句子
最好的方法就来是多背诵一些自英语作文范文.里面的句子都很漂亮.
再者,个人以为,在自己写作时候,有意识的告诉自己不要用一些大家都用的句型,可以使用同意的句型,当一个句型你用过几次之后,自己就会不由自主的用它了.
希望对你有些帮助.
⑷ 雅思写作如何增加句子的多样性
你好，关于雅思写作如何增加句子的多样性
1、做好词汇短语的积累工作内。很多考生有这容样一个误区，他们认为只要背了某些参考书上所谓的模板，再积累些论据，写作的问题就迎刃而解了，殊不知，却得到了本文开始的结果。
2、多看高分范文，并对其中的词汇句型多样性进行总结。考生在备考过程中看范文时往往只是从整体上学习了其论据的安排，而忽略了细节的词汇句型的运用，学生最好准备一本笔记本专门用做记录好词好句和其转换形式。
3、加强练习。这里所指的加强练习是在一定的基础之上的，即学生已经基本掌握了雅思写作的各项要求。这样练习才能有的放矢。通过几次的练习，能检查出学生多样性的掌握情况，并对症下药，了解不足处，在真正考试中能突围而出。
⑸ 如何在雅思写作中体现多样性
如何在雅思写作中体现多样性
众所周知考官在评判雅思写作作文时，除了看文章的结构和语言之外，还很重视文章的主题内容，在论证完整充分的情况下如何使我们的雅思写作作文中体现多样性呢?
在雅思的教学中，常常会听到学生抱怨不知该如何写好一篇作文。过去半年，雅思的大作文话题相对集中，一些考生在考试时信心十足，认为自己字数足够、思路清晰、论据完整充分，应该能拿到高分。但成绩一出来，却不尽如人意，没有预期中好。于是他们产生了疑问，到底怎么样才能让考官给高分?经过对评分标准所提的要求的分析后，才发现原来自己的不足是在多样性上。众所周知，雅思写作的四个评分标准中Grammatical Ranges and Accuracy, Lexical Resources充分体现了雅思写作的基础点也是加分点为词汇和语法的多样性。本文将对此进行讨论并提出关于如何做到雅思写作多样性的一些建议。
1. 词汇语法多样性的体现
1). 词性的多样性。
有调查指出，中国学生在作文中最常出现的词性为动词，因为我们脑中时刻紧记着以前语文老师要求的只有用动词才能写出生动的文章，才能体现我们的博览群书。然而英语(论坛)中却不尽然。通过对大多高分范文的分析，不难发现，除了动词词组的运用，各种的名词的使用更得考官的青睐，更能体现外国人的文风。拿小作文的发展趋势做例子，大家都知道增加、降低等动词的表达，如increase steadily, decrease sharply等，但转换一种方式用名词的形式表达，就更显得多样了,如experience a steady increase, undergo a sharp decrease。而如"surface"一词，学生经常只会用它的名词用法“......的表面”，却从来不用它的动词形式。如果你留心原版杂志和阅读材料,它的动词用法无处不在。例如"The fact of his plan surfaced"这里的"surface"就相当于 "appear"。所以不管什么词性，只要用了不能的表达方法，其结果都是不同的。当然是指正确的表达方法。
2). 同义词多样性。
在写作中，如果一个相同的词在250字的文中出现了不下三次，那么作为学生自己，也会觉得自己的文章没有可看性，更别提考官，可见此学生语言功底一般，又怎么拿得到高分。而如果一篇文章，关于同个词却有三四中表达方法，无疑给这篇文章加分不少。其实同义词也是展现一个学生英语水平的一个媒介。中国学生最常用的形容词就是good, 不管是修饰什么名词，用上再说，殊不知这已经给这篇文章打了个相对低的起评分，所以如何来表达不同的“好”呢?我们就可以用excellent, marvellous, gorgeous, splendid, wonderful等。再如不要一想到“越来越多”就用 “more and more” 尝试用 “an increasing number” 这样不同的词来表达，势必会给平淡的文章增添亮点。
3). 句式结构的多样性
用丰富多彩的句型，也是雅思写作能得高分的标准之一。例如有这样一个句型："If we don't recognize the..."我们是否可以替换为："Failure to recognize..."，再如 “sth. happened in 1998.” 我们也可以替换为 “1998 saw sth happening.” 这样显得更加的地道。此处还推荐学生能用不同的从句写出漂亮的句子，为文章加分。当然，这并不是意味着整篇文章都是复合句或并列句，如果能很好的做到长短句结合，使文章通顺连贯，也是能得到考官喜欢的。2. 几点建议
在简单介绍了词汇语法多样性的体现后，我将提出几点建议，促进考生在备考中做好准备。
1). 做好词汇短语的积累工作。很多考生有这样一个误区，他们认为只要背了某些参考书上所谓的模板，再积累些论据，写作的问题就迎刃而解了，殊不知，却得到了本文开始的结果。当然这里的积累并非死记硬背，而是通过将一个单词的不同形式，以及其同义表达等放在一起记忆就事半功倍。若遇到一个新词，就要在脑中搜寻它的相关信息，这样一来，就能在考试这么短的时间中马上浮现了。但是一次的记忆是远远不够的，所以适时的重复记忆也非常重要。
2). 多看高分范文，并对其中的词汇句型多样性进行总结。考生在备考过程中看范文时往往只是从整体上学习了其论据的安排，而忽略了细节的词汇句型的运用，所以教师在上课时也要合理安排时间，将一部分用在对其的讲解上。学生最好准备一本笔记本专门用做记录好词好句和其转换形式。
3). 加强练习。经常有学生问，作文提高是不是只要多写几篇就可以了，其实答案是否定的。我这里所指的加强练习是在一定的基础之上的，即学生已经基本掌握了雅思写作的各项要求。那么这样练习才能有的放矢。通过几次的练习，能检查出学生多样性的掌握情况，并对症下药，了解不足处，在真正考试中能突围而出。
雅思写作向来是雅思考试四项中最难的，最能体现考生语言功底的，而词汇与句型的多样性正是它具体的体现。写作和阅读戚戚相关，也建议学生能多阅读外文杂志报纸，原著等，在阅读时，要注意外国人是如何遣词造句的，尤其是词性用法的多样性。希望教师和考生们共同努力，将写作水平拉上一个档次。
以上即是雅思写作作文中如何使文章具有多样性的内容介绍，大家备考雅思写作是可以根据以上所描述的内容进行适当的备考，以便更好的应对雅思考试。
⑹ 英语写作在英语学习中的重要性
别急 会把英语写作能力提高的
谈谈如何提高英语写作能力
关键词：英语写作能力 原则 方法
引言：英语写作能力是英语听、说、读、写四种基本能力之一，英语写作能有效地促进语言知识的内化。Swain（1985）提出“可理解输出”假设，认为包括写在内的语言产生性运用有助于学习者检验目的语句法结构和词语的使用，促进语言运用的自动化，有效地达到了语言习得的目的。通过写作，英语知识不断得到巩固并内在化，有利于英语技能的全面发展。但是，英语写作又是广大英语学习者最感头痛的问题之一，且容易被教师忽视，笔者以为如何提高英语写作能力值得我们认真研究。本文就此谈谈初浅的看法。
一、提高英语写作能力的原则
（一）渐进性原则。要坚持“句—段—篇”的训练程序，由易到难，循序渐进。在英语写作的初始阶段，要始终注意培养学生良好的写作习惯，狠抓基本功训练。在学生掌握了基本句型并能写出简单句子后，再要求学生根据一些体例写出小段的文章。在段落写作中要引导学生分析段落的结构、段落的中心句、句与句之间的逻辑关系、写作手法等，这样有利于下一步一篇文章的写作。在文章写作中要教会学生如何构思文章、如何运用正确的写作技巧等。
（二）多样性原则。要坚持训练形式的多样化及写作文体的多样性。从形式上而言，可以用回答提问的口头作文，也可以用续写故事；可以改写课文，也可以仿写课文；可以写提纲训练谋篇布局，也可以写拓展段训练发散思维……。从文体上而言，可以写说明文、议论文、记叙文，也可以写书信、便条、通知等实用文体。
(三)结合性原则。要坚持听说读训练和写训练相结合。根据语言习得理论，学习者在学习时常先通过听和读吸取语言知识，从而了解别人的思想，再通过说和写来表达自己的思想，让别人了解自己。大量的听说训练能促进读写能力的提高。因此，写与听说读紧密结合，进行多元化的能力训练，可使学生的各项能力互相影响、互相渗透、互相促进。
（四）控制性原则。要坚持写作前的指导，控制学生的汉语语言思维，发展英语语言思维。语言学习在很大程度上主要是模仿，而非随心所欲地自由表达。教师要加强写作前的指导，可给出范文让学生模仿，以熟悉其语篇结构。同时要控制其汉语语言思维，尽可能让学生习惯英语语言思维，以便于学生学习和掌握地道、正确的英语。
（五）持久性原则。要坚持长期、正确的写作训练。英语写作能力的提高并非一朝一夕之事，而是一个长期的、艰巨的、渐进的过程。这就要求教师、学生都要有充分的思想准备，要有坚韧不拔的意志和必胜的信心。
二、提高英语写作能力的方法。
（一）通过积累词汇量，提高英语写作能力。犹如土木砖石是建筑的材料一样，词汇是说话写作的必需材料，也是制约写作能力提高的瓶颈。可以想象，如果要写一个句子，10个单词有8个单词拼写错误或拼写不出，有2
个单词用法不当，又怎么能清楚地表达自己的思想呢？因此，在平时的教学中要强调学生记忆单词，记住单词的拼读、用法、意思等。记忆单词的方法有很多，各人有各人的记忆方法和习惯，可因人而异。教师可通过要求学生朗读单词、听写单词、默写单词、遣词造句、词汇竞赛等多种方法促进学生记单词。记忆单词是一个长期的反复的过程，要长期地坚持下去，才能不断积累大量的词汇，为英语写作打下坚实的基础。
（二）通过扩大阅读量，提高英语写作能力。古人云“熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟”，这是汉语的一种学习方法，同样可借鉴于英语写作。多阅读是学生增加接触英语语言材料、接受信息、活跃思维、增长智力的一种途径，同时也是培养学生英语思维能力、提高理解力、增强语感、巩固和扩大词汇量的一种好方法，有利于促进英语写作能力的提高。在阅读训练中，教师要注意以下问题：一是指导阅读方法，分析文章结构、中心思想、段落中心句、写作方法等，帮助学生掌握各类文章的结构及写作方法。二要精读与泛读相结合，通过推敲优秀的文章来学会写作方法和选词用词；通过大量的泛读来吸取信息量，扩大词汇量。三要扩大阅读量。提供阅读的材料涉及面要广，才能不断扩大学生的知识面，使学生适应各种题材的写作。
（三）通过提高听说能力，提高英语写作能力。英语听说读写四种能力是相互影响、相互促进的，提高听说能力必定会促进写作能力的提高。要提高听说能力关键在于创设一个良好的英语环境。教师要尽可能地用英语授课，多开展专门的听说训练，同时开展丰富多彩的课外英语活动，让学生沉浸在英语海洋中去领略、去体会、去使用英语，久而久之，学生自然能使用正确的、地道的英语进行交谈与写作。
（四）通过重视写作过程，提高英语写作能力。长期以来，英语写作成果教学法（THE PRODUCT
APPROACH）在我国居于主导地位，教师根据写作的终成品来判断写作的成败，重视写作的技术性细节（如格式、拼写、语法等），忽视写作过程的指导。根据D.Rumechart和J.McClelland提出的连通论（Connectionism)理论，写作包括写前阶段、具体写作、文章修改三个基本过程，这三个过程并非是线性排列，而是循环往复，穿插进行的。教师只有重视加强对写作三个过程的指导，才能更好地提高英语写作能力。在写作前阶段，教师重在指导学生如何挖掘题材，训练发散性思维，以及如何选择材料、谋篇布局等。在具体写作中，教师重在指导学生如何紧扣主题、运用正确的写作方法等。在文章修改中，教师重在指导学生如何修改语法及用词的错误。
（五）通过多写英语摘要，提高英语写作能力。英语摘要是把一篇文章的要点摘录出来，用自己的语言使之独立成一篇短文，这不是简单的摘录，而是忠于原文意思的再创作。写英语摘要有利于学生了解原文的文化背景、理解原文的中心意思、弄清原文的篇章结构，从而提高学生的逻辑思维能力和谋篇布局能力。
（六）通过发展英语语言思维能力，提高英语写作能力。英语写作是运用已掌握的内在化语言知识和表达方法，通过思维进行外在化输出的创作，因此英语语言思维能力在英语写作中作用非凡。对于我国学生而言，在英语写作中易受汉语语言思维的影响，难以直接用英语语言进行思维，不利于英语写作能力的提高，因此发展其英语语言思维能力尤为重要。教师要注意对学生的英语语言思维进行多方位、多角度的训练：要采取各种方法训练学生英语语言思维的广阔性、深刻性、发散性和创造性；要教会学生用英语思考问题、回答问题；要从训练形象思维开始，逐步过渡到抽象思维训练；在课文讲解中要尽可能不用汉语翻译而用英语解释，消除汉语思维的影响；要努力创设良好的英语环境，在英语交际中发展英语思维能力。
写好英语段落的三个标准
首先，一个段落必须有一个中心即主题思想，该中心由主题句特别是其中的题旨来表达。整个段落必须紧扣这个主题（stick or hold to the topic），这就是段落的统一性（unity）。其次，一个段落必须有若干推展句，使主题思想得到充分展开，从而给读者一个完整的感觉，这就是完整性（completeness or adequateness）。再者，一个段落不是杂乱无章的，而是有机的组合，句子的排列顺序必须合乎逻辑，从一个句子到另一个句子的过渡必须流畅（smooth），这就是连贯性（coherence）。下面我们就对这三个标准分别加以说明。
1、统一性
一个段落内的各个句子必须从属于一个中心，任何游离于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。请看下例：
Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise， we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much， and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主题句是段首句，controlling idea（中心思想）是take the long trip across the country.文中出现两个irrelevant sentences，一个是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，这一段是讲的是Joe and I ，中间出现一个Bella是不合适的。还有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner这一句更是与主题句不相关。考生在四级统考的作文卷上常常因为造出irrelevant sentences（不相关语句）而丢分，值得引起注意。再看一个例子：
My name is Roseanna， and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds， but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles， swimming fifteen laps， lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit，但段中有两个irrelevant sentences，一个是I bought two new suitcases last week，另一个是My mother was a premature baby.
从上面两个例子可以看出，native speakers同样会造出来irrelevant sentences.卷面上如果这种句子多了，造成偏题或离题，那问题就更严重了。
2、完整性
正象我们前面说得那样，一个段落的主题思想靠推展句来实现，如果只有主题句而没有推展句来进一步交待和充实，就不能构成一个完整的段落。同样，虽然有推展句，但主题思想没有得到相对圆满的交待，给读者一种意犹未尽的感觉。这样的段落也不能完成其交际功能。例如：
Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides， it is more useful to work —— you proce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
本段的主题句是段首句。本段的两个推展句均不能回答主题句中提出的问题。什么是“a mind in turmoil”（心境不平静）Physical work又如何能改变这种情况？为什么它能起therapy的作用？读者得不到明确的答案。由于四级统考的作文部分只要求写一篇100～120个词的三段式短文，每一段只有大约40个词左右，因此，要达到完整就必须尽可能地简明。例如：
It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means， but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
段首句所表达的主题思想是一种看法，必须有具体事例加以验证。上述两个推展句只是在文字上对主题作些解释，整个段落内容空洞，简而不明。如果用一两个具体的例子的话，就可以把主题解释清楚了。比如下段：
It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes， pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water， will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning， or start screaming “Help”？
3、连贯性（coherence）
连贯性包括意连和形连两个方面，前者指的是内在的逻辑性，后者指的是使用转换词语。当然这两者常常是不可分割的。只有形连而没有意连，句子之间就没有内在的有机的联系；反之，只有意连而没有形连，有时行文就不够流畅。
1）、意连
段落中句子的排列应遵循一定的次序，不能想到什么就写什么。如果在下笔之前没有构思，边写边想，写写停停，那就写不出一气呵成的好文章来。下面介绍几种常见的排列方式。
A.按时间先后排列（chronological arrangement）
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose， it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast； we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then， when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must have been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in； the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain， it was our o'clock and we were exhausted. Here， judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit， not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough， by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff， dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine， when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit， we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
本段从“rose”（起床）写起，然后是吃早餐（“not to miss breakfast”， “closing at nine o'clock”），然后是“close to noon”，一直写到这一天结束（“By nine——”）。
B. 按位置远近排列（spatial arrangement）。例如：
From a distance， it looked like a skinny tube， but as we got closer， we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular， all right， but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore， we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts： a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away， we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass， unlike the tube that it was sitting on， which only had four. Inside， the tube was gloomy， because of the lack of light. Then a steep， narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的写法是由远及近，从远处（“from a distance”）写起，然后“get closer”，再到（“ten feet away”），最后是“inside the pagoda”……当然，按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要，也可以由近及远，由表及里等等。
C. 按逻辑关系排列（logical arrangement）
a. 按重要性顺序排列（arrangement in order of importance）
If you work as a soda jerker， you will， of course， not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine， your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom， your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work， the larger the organization of which you are an employee， the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization， whether it is the government， the large corporation， or the Army， this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
这一段谈的是表达能力，它的重要性与职业，身份有关，从“not need much skill”或“of little importance”到“more important”，最后是“most important”。
b.由一般到特殊排列（general-to-specific arrangement）
If a reader is lost， it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader， hacking his way through the verbiage， simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses， or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence， so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A —— the writer， in whose head the connection is clear， has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that “sanguine” and “sanguinary” mean the same thing， but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
这一段谈的是a writer's carelessness，先给出一个general statement作为主题句，然后通过5个 ”perhaps”加以例证。
c. 由特殊到一般排列（specific-to-general arrangement）
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat， Prissy， with the one I had several years ago， Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy， a quiet， feminine feline， loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people， exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg， lick， or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright， eyes closed， perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry， on the other hand， loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything， whether it was decorous or not， and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable， on the top of the television， across stranger's feet or laps， in beds， drawers， sacks， closets， or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主题句是段首句，它仅提出一个问题：为什么两只猫会被搞混。然后对两者进行比较，末句才下结论。
2）、形连
行文的逻辑性常常要靠适当的转换词语及其他手段来实现。请读下面这一段文字并找出文中用以承上启下的词语：
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First， though， he had to get through high school， so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies —— in particular， biology， chemistry， and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects， Walter became proficient in them； however， Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result， ring his junior year of high school， Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently， he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graate on schele. Finally， on June 6， Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上启下的词语有两种，一种是转换词语（transitional words or phrases），另一种是起转换作用的其他连接手段（linking devices）。前者依次有：first， though， so， in particular， and， because， however， besides， as a result， both…and， consequently， and， finally.后者依次是：he， he， his， his， he， these， them， he， those， his， he， these， his. 本段中共有词汇105个，所使用的转换词语及其他连接用语共26个词，约占该段总词汇量的四分之一。由此可见，掌握好transitions不仅对行文的流（smoothness）有益，而且对于学生在半个小时内写足四级短文所要求的120个词也是不无好处的。
一个段落里如果没有transitions也就很难有coherence了。我们看下面一个例子：Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 years ago. Written language is a recent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture， loudness， and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture， loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句开头出现一个起过渡作用的”it”之外，没有使用其他的过渡词语。这样，文中出现许多重复的词语，全段读起来也显得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的过渡词语来修饰的话，这一段就成了下面一个流畅连贯的段落：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds； writing， on the other hand， uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago， but written language is a recent development， invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal， while the word choice of writing， by contrast， is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from， they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture， loudness， and the rise and fall of the voice， but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
4、有损连贯性的几种情况：
考生在写作中经常出现下面几种错误：
1、不必要的改变时态，比如：
In the movie， Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him， so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house， he had waited for the heat to die down， but they come after him anyway.
2、不必要的改变单复数，比如：
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run， the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3、不必要的改变人称，比如：
Now more than ever， parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此写作中，一定要注意时态，人称以及数的变化是否正确，要注意保持一致。
⑺ 雅思写作有哪些句子多样性的方法
1、句首状语提前
雅思写作中状语提前是一种相当拿分的句式，遗憾的是很多同学没有意识到这点。所谓的状语提前就是把一个由副词、介词、现在分词或动词不定式形成的小短语放在句首。这种句式最大的好处就是在一堆长句子里突然出现一个短语，让句子产生一种长短结合的节奏感。例句：
Because it is more likely now that both parents work, there is little opportunity for children to stay in their own home up to that age. Instead, they will probably go to a nursery school when they are much younger.
2、句中插入短语
同理，在雅思写作中，句子中间也经常可以引入一个小短语，让长句子显得更加灵活。下面大家看看这几个例句：
A、This will affect the job market, which, after all, is a key target in any economic plan.
B、Feelings about one's job must reflect how an indivial feels about his or her life, and because of this, job satisfaction is indeed very important.
C、Sport stars and pop stars, for example, are soon replaced by the next younger, more energetic generation.
3、句尾用短语结
雅思写作中，在一句话的结尾处写一个小短语，可以给冗长繁杂的句子增添一点“亲和力”。例句：
A person needs to feel that they are doing valued and valuable work, so positive feedback from superiors is very important in this respect.(请注意respect在这里不是“尊敬”的意思，而是指“某方面”，也可以用in this regard 来表达)。
4、善于使用副词
提起副词，大多数同学的第一反应就是修饰动词，其实副词的作用不仅如此，它还可以用来修饰形容词甚至全句。由于其用法的灵活性，雅思写作中大家可以使用副词来丰富自己的句式。例句：
A、A proct's success cannot be solely(仅仅) attributed to its advertising.
B、t often seems that the amount of money they are able to earn in a short time cannot possibly be justified(站得住脚的) by the amount of work they do .
5、倒装句
这种语法现象很多同学都学过，但却往往忘记在雅思作文中使用。例句：
A、Only in this way can this problem be effectively solved.
B、We can see that not only are there very large differences between these economies, but that these gaps are widening.
6、强调句
用it is…that…或者it is…Who…这两种强调句式，类似于中文的“正是…导致…”的意思。例句：
A、It is the interaction(相互影响) of the two that shapes a person's personality and dictates how that personality develops. However, it is only those who reach the very top of their profession who can get these huge salaries. (请注意这个例句里的those who中的这个who并不是强调句的标志词，后一个who才是。)
7、虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一个比较高级的写作手法，但其实说白了就是用过去的时态表示现在或者将来的事情，表示语气弱化。在雅思写作中，遇到提建议的句子，虚拟语气相当适用。例句：
Without the natural talent, continuous training would be neither attractive nor proctive, and without the training, the child would not learn how to exploit and develop their talent.
8、长短句结合
如果你的作文中全篇都是句式长又复杂且难读的句子，可能让考官的心情变得十分沉重。但你换种方式，长短句结合反而会让大家享受阅读你的文章。例句：
There have to be fixed punishments for all crimes. However, criminal laws have to provide certain cases of exemptions.
9、主被动交替
在国外大学里，个别教师会非常反对在学术文章中使用被动语态。但对雅思写作这种比较短小的文章来说，被动语态仍然是实现句式多样化的好方法之一。例句：
Satisfaction is also increased by a sense of responsibility for and loyalty to a team.
10、of + 抽象名词
of+抽象名词”的意思相当于其中的那个名词所对应的形容词，用来说明某种特征或属性。常跟的抽象名词有importance/help/calue/use/interest/quality/impact等等。例句：
Of crucial importance is, in my view, how we define “responsible for bringing the children up”.
11、通过比较制造出变化
经典范文中还经常通过比较不同事物来调动一些特殊句型，比如too…to…(太…而不能…)；The + 比较级, the +比较级等。例句：
The more relaxed the learners, the better their language acquisition.
12、the + 形容词
在现实英语使用中，人们还习惯使用the + 形容词，来泛指某一类人。比如the rich, the wealthy, the poor, the needy, the elderly。例句：
One of the most effective ways to teach children about responsibilities is to encourage them to care for the poor and the needy.
⑻ 雅思英语写作技巧：怎样使句子多样化
在雅思(课程)写作学习当中，最好的方法是以简单句为基础，配合适当的并列句和复杂版句。简单句权可长可短，通常要加些附属成分，如分词短语、介词短语、副词短语、不定式动词短语，以及节缩成分。总之，雅思写作技巧作者可根据情况，使句子多样化，使文章灵活多姿。
⑼ 英语专业写作
第一，我建议你找些英抄语专业4级作文和8级作文的范文来背！！！先读，弄清楚文章的结构，把例子记下来！找一个本子，专门记录经典的句子，名言，和列子，并且背下来！
这样你写作文的时候才有东西写！
第二，多看些名家的故事和名言，还有新闻！特别是有数据的新闻哈！
第三，先学会写句子，再写段落，再写整个文章！个人经验是，不要写太多次了，2周写一篇文章就可以了啊。写了要读几遍哦！老师改过的文章也要读几遍哦！
加油！