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在英语写作中如何构建完整结构

发布时间:2021-03-14 02:03:11

1. 结构完整的考研英语作文怎么写

一、三段成文,段段紧扣主旨

考研英语大作文一般为图画作文,可安排为三结构,每个段落都为图中所表达的中心主旨服务。

1.第一段:考生应根据所给的漫画的文字叙述内容,提炼漫画的主题。漫画的主题来源于漫画中展现的内容及解释漫画的文字叙述。根据要求拟定文章提纲,确定文章结构以及思想。第一段的主要内容为图画描述以及全篇文章的中心主旨句。

2.第二段:分两至三个分论点,文中可以附加例子来对中心论点进行论证和照应。

3.第三段:总结作者独特观点,在此深化印章中心论点,并提出建议、建议的原因以及解决措施。

二、段首点睛,写好中心主旨句

各个段首是做文章最重要的句子,一方面句首一般为段落的中心主旨句,在对图画进行整体和细节的描述之后,对整个段落进行总结,提炼出中心主旨句。另一方面,段首是阅卷老师首先看到的句子,阅卷老师的“第一眼”直接决定了考生的作文成绩。闪光的段首句可以画龙点睛,从而提高整体的作文分数。

三、尾句升华,完美展现功底

结尾句与段首句同样重要,有一个好的结尾总述段落,回扣全文的中心主旨,是一篇文章结构完成与否的重要前提。同样,段尾句也是阅卷老师落眼的“宝地”,漂亮的结尾是能让考生英语功底良好的展现出来。要写好段落结尾句,首先应该做到没有语病,其次是语言表述够新颖,最后,做到升华主旨,让文章完美收官。

2. 高考英语写作中怎样使用复杂结构

但如何帮助学生真正理解复杂结构,并从整篇作文的角度来定位好的句子呢?我们很难给复杂结构下个确切的定义,但可从以下几个方面探讨对“复杂结构”的理解。
1. 简单句也可能成为好句子
(1)恰当的形容词、副词——表达意见,情感流露的载体。例如:
It turned into a quarrel. → It turned into a horrible/terrible/fierce quarrel.
虽然只是添加了一个形容词,但quarrel 的程度、作者的态度和场景的再现更好地表现了出来。又如:
They began to quarrel. → They began to quarrel with each other blindly/furiously.
(2)同位语——精巧完善欲达之意。例如:
Li Jiang, who is Su Hua's classmate, is also to blame. → Li Jiang, Su Hua's classmate, is also to blame.
定语从句固然带来了复杂结构,但简洁明了是行文的基本要求,该惜墨处勿泼墨。又如:
The boy went back home and was full of fear. → The boy went back home, full of fear.
形容词短语full of fear作状语的表达既简洁明了,又生动形象。
(3)评注性状语——娓娓道来,突出了写作的交际性。例如:
It was Su's fault but Li was also to blame. → To be honest/To be frank, it was Su's fault but Li was also to blame.
评注性状语是插入语的一种,它与状语很接近,但它并不修饰谓语或其他词,而是对整个句子进行解释或说明,表明说话人的看法或态度,给读者以娓娓道来之感。又如:
To be short, it is everyone's responsibility to keep the world clean.
(4)非谓语结构——简洁生动之美。例如:
Sandy struck the USA and caused great damage to the infrastructure. → Sandy struck the USA, causing great damage to the infrastructure.
非谓语结构是丰富句子的有效结构,书面性强,表达更为生动。又如:
After I finished my homework, I often relaxed myself by playing computer games. → Having finished my homework, I often relaxed myself by playing computer games.
(5)被动语态——地道之美。例如:
Some people say this kind of milk contains different levels of nutrients. → This kind of milk is said to contain different levels of nutrients. → It is said that this kind of milk contains different levels of nutrients.
受母语负迁移的影响,学生在表达动作发出者不明确时常用主动语态表达,有中式英语之嫌;而使用被动结构却能给句子带来地道英语之美。又如:
People believe that mutual understanding contributes to a permanent friendship. → It is generally believed that mutual understanding contributes to a permanent friendship.
2. 复杂自有其道
(1)复合句——长短之变,节奏之美。例如:
Su Hua and Li Jiang played basketball on the playground. They both jumped up to catch the flying ball. → Su Hua and Li Jiang were playing basketball on the playground when they both jumped up to catch the flying ball.
复合句使用了定语从句、状语从句,明确了概念的外延,增大了概念的内涵,逻辑性强。再有,长短句结构交替使用后,语句内部抑扬顿挫的节奏感就出来了,从而使文章流畅自然,生动活泼。
(2)倒装句——强化情感,让句子结构趋于平衡。例如:
Su said many mean words to Li and shouted at the top of his voice as well. → Not only did Su say many mean words to Li but also shouted at the top of his voice.
倒装句常带来承上启下、平衡结构、强化情感之效。又如:
A man, who is in all black, is standing with a gun in hand in front of her. → Standing in front of her is a man, who is in all black, with a gun in hand.
(3)强调句——为了突出句子中的某一部分常使用强调句,以便能引起他人的注意,更明确地表达自己的意愿和情感。例如:
He didn't come back until the clock struck twelve. → It was not until the clock struck twelve that he came back.
(4)省略句——干练,无冗长之嫌。例如:
While they were catching the flying ball, they bumped into each other. → While catching the flying ball, they bumped into each other.
(5)虚拟语气——极尽感激、遗憾或悔恨之情。例如:
No one put himself in the other's place. They found no fun in the game. → If one of them had put himself in the other's place, they could have found more fun in the game.
另外,虚拟语气还可以表示说话人的一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议等含意。书面表达题中常用“假如你是……,你会如何……?”来考查考生的个人认识或解决问题的能力。
前文提到的那位高三学生是一名英语基础很好的学生,向其呈现了以上探讨后,心领神会,修改习作如下:
Conflicts with others are common in everyday life. These conflicts can turn out to be serious problems if we don't deal with them properly.
Last week, Su Hua and Li Jiang were playing basketball on the playground when they both jumped up to catch the flying ball. Unfortunately, they bumped into each other. Su began to say mean words and Li shouted back in response. A terrible quarrel occurred all of a sudden.
How to avoid these quarrels effectively? First, we should often stand in others' shoes when faced with conflicts. Second, stay as cool as a cucumber. Think twice and you may find that things are not so bad as you thought first. What's more, we should be good sports. Competitive sports involve unavoidable bumps or even injuries, which should be taken into consideration when you participate in a game.
三、“复杂结构”的再思量
在高三上学期基本语法学完之后,许多老师会让学生在写作中尝试运用各种复合句或特殊结构。陈幸佩(2011)在《高三英语写作复习课的有效性——以宁波市第六届课例评析为例》一文中描述了一位授课教师在写作技能环节总结的四句口诀:①肯定不如双否好;②陈述不如倒装巧;③单句不如复句妙;④从句不如短句傲。但该作者也鲜明地指出此举容易造成学生刻意或生搬硬套地运用这些复杂句的可能。
那么,到底应该如何理解复杂语法结构?
在“要点完整,语言无误,行文连贯,表达清楚”的评分标准指导下,考生往往在书面表达中只用五种基本简单句来表达,以防出错,从而导致中学生写作的层次不高,略显乏味。“应用了较多的语法结构和词汇;语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致”的新评分标准有其深刻的背景,它虽能引领师生重视并提升写作的品质,但却没有或不便明确说明内容决定形式、简单与复杂并存等要素。由此,部分师生误以为多用结构复杂的句子就会有层次,可以得到高分。事实上,简单句本身同样可以发挥其精妙的表情达意之功。有时一个简单的介词短语也能增添情感的魅力或激发读者的共鸣。例如,一位学生习作(谈双休日的利与弊)中有这样的句子:
With the two-day weekends, we can have more time to chat with our parents. → With the two-day weekends, we can have more time to chat with our parents around the table.
句中的around the table能让读者头脑中浮现出生活的场景,唤起了家庭的温馨之感。
可见,复杂结构并不仅是复杂的句子结构,它应是根据内容和行文需要,巧妙使用高中所学的词汇和各种语法知识,长短句结合,恰当、连贯地传递信息和表达自己的思想,充分体现写作的交际本质。

3. 老师,how are you 我需要一篇高考英语作文模块!真的不知道英语作文应该怎样结构才能完整

大作文
模板一:图画作文
This illustration depicts_________ (图画中的人物)Ving, with______________(补充说明). Recently it has become common for people in many walks of life to_____________(进一步阐释)
It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about _______(图画主题), which is ______________(进一步的说明). He seems to be saying that_______________(给出细节). In my opinion, ___________(个人阐述).
This simple picture is a wake up call for ______(所涉群体,如the whole of the human race). Therefore, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to put an end to _____________(问题所在). One the one hand, we must _________________(建议一). It is clear that the drawer of the illustration is urging us to _________(进一步说明). On the other hand, ________________(建议二) Only in this way can we___________(展望前景).

模板二:图表作文
The chart gives us an overall picture of the ____________(图表主题). The first thing we notice is that_______________(图表最大特点). This means that as __________, _________________(进一步说明).
We can see from the statistics given that _______________(图表细节一). After ving_________(细节一中的第一个变化), the _____Ved+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化). The figures also tells us that_________________________(图表细节二). (数据位置,如In the second column), we can see that ____________accounts for _______(进一步描述).
Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that___________(结论). The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that_____________(给出原因). / It is high time that we Ved(发出倡议)

模板三:利弊型作文
Recently the issue of whether or not______(讨论话题) has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public. There are two major arguments that can be made for_________. For one thing, __________can bring ____ to_____________(优点一). For another, it is widely hold that people usually ____when ________________________________(优点二).
But we must not lose sight of the fact that there are also drawbacks to__________, among which are ____________(列举缺点). For instance, it can be __________to _____________(举例说明). In addition, many people find it ________(形容词)to _______________(第二个缺点)
When asked to __________, I tend to ____________. This is because I _______________(原因一). Furthermore, _______________________(原因二). Finally, ______________(原因三).

模板四:展望未来型
With the rapid advances of _____________ in recent years, ___has____________(引出现象). However, _______ has________________, as____________(提出问题). As a result, _____has ____________________(指出影响).
The effects ___________ has proced on____________ can be boiled down to two major ones.
First , __________________(影响一). More importantly, ________________(影响二). Hence, I believe that we will see a ____________(提出展望)/ Nevertheless, I do not think we will see a ______(或反面展望)
There are numerous reasons why ____, and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. The first is that the more(比较级)_____, the more (比较级). In addition, we all agree that________________________(第二个原因)

小作文
1:投诉信
Dear_______,
I am . (自我介绍) I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about_______.
The reason for my dissatisfaction is ______________(总体介绍). In the first place,_________________________(抱怨的第一个方面). In addition, ____________________________(抱怨的第二个方面). Under these circumstances, I find it ___(感觉) to ____________________________(抱怨的方面给你带来的后果).
I appreciate it very much if you could_______________________(提出建议和请求), preferably __________(进一步的要求), and I would like to have this matter settled by ______(设定解决事情最后期限).
Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming

2:询问信
Dear ______,
I am _________________________(自我介绍). I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding_______.(要询问的内容)
First of all, what are _________________________________?(第一个问题) Secondly, when will________________________________?(第二个问题) Thirdly, is _________________?(第三个问题)
I would also like to inquire _________________________________(将最重要的问题单独成段). Could you be so kind as to send me some relevant booklets on the above-mentioned aspects?
Thank you for you kindness, and your prompt attention to this letter will be highly appreciated.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming

3:请求信
Dear___________,
I am writing to formally request to___________(请求的内容)
The reason for ______________is that______________________________(给出原因).I________, so I ___________________________________(给出细节)
I would also like to request ________________________(提出进一步的要求). I am sorry for any inconvenience I have caused.
Thank you for your attention to these requests. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to contact me at____________(电话号码). I look forward to a favorable reply.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming

4:道歉信
Dear ___________,
I am truly sorry that_________________________(道歉的原因).
The reason is that ______________________________________(介绍原因) Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming

6:建议信
Dear ___________,
You have asked me for my advice with regard to _______, and I will try to make some conctive suggestions here.
In my humble opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions:_________________(建议的内容)
I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.
Good Luck with your_______(祝愿)
Yours sincerely
Li Ming

7.求职信
Dear Sir or Madam,
I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in____________(报纸名称)of________(广告发布时间).
Not only do I have the qualifications for this job, but I also have the right personality for a __________(工作名称). In the one hand,_______________________________(第一个原因). On the other hand, __________________________________(另一个原因).
Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. If you need to know more about me, please feel free to contact me at any time at _______________(电话号码)
Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meeting you.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming

8:邀请信
Dear________,
There will a ________________(内容) at/in________________(地点) on___________(时间). We would be honored to have you there with us.
The occasion will start at ___________(具体时间). This will be followed by a _______(进一步的安排). At around______(时间),____________________________(另一个安排)
I really hope you can make it. RSVP before ____________(通知你的最后期限)
Yours sincerely
Li Ming

4. 初中英语作文的结构怎么写有没有好的作文范文

一、作文做题步骤:
1 审题:审清作文体裁(类型)时态、人称等细节; 2 列提纲(文章结构框架):分几段,以及每段大体内容; 3 写作:在提纲的基础上补充要点;
4 复查:2遍——1遍看查拼写、语法、标点等问题;2遍不出声读查,靠语感检查语句是否通顺、连贯等;5 誊抄:不允许做任何的更改。 二、作文一般框架: 文章分3段:
(1)综述:概括性强,最多2句话引入主题;
(2)正文——主要内容:层次性强,一定要有过渡型连接词。最多展开3个方面,每个方面最多2句话;(3)结尾:紧扣主题,2句话内结束,尽量升华。 Beginning 开头: topic sentence 主题句----说出文中的要点、核心问题
Middle 正文 :supporting sentences支持句----用例子、实事或数据围绕主题开展叙述、讨论 Ending 结尾: concluding sentence 结论句----对全文的总结和概括。 1. Learning English
As we all know, English becomes more and more popular/ important. Many people say it’s difficult to learn English.But I don’t think so. 2. To be a volunteer for the 26th Universiade
As we all know, the 26th Universiade is coming soon. I want to be a volunteer for it. A volunteer plays an important part in the 26th Universiade. 3. A School Trip I will never forget the school trip last week. 三、正文:巧用连接词,赋予语言灵气 按事情发展的先后或时间顺序 1)Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly
2)first, then/next, after that/ next, finally
3) soon, suddenly, at that moment , as soon as, from now on, at the same time, not...until, before, after, when , while, ring 表示并列
not only... but also, both... and, either ...or, neither...nor,on the one hand…on the other hand 表示举例或补充
1)for example 2)besides / what’s more/ what’s worse 表示转折 however, but,although, instead (of) 表示原因 thanks to, because of,because 表示结果 as a result, so ,so...that, such...that, 表目的 in order to, so that
表比较 the same as, as...as..., than, of all 五、结尾画龙点睛,首尾呼应
1. 与开头呼应,再次重申自己的观点, 注意避免重复句式。 2. 结尾经典词组、句型:
At last/ Finally ... 最后In a word, ... 总而言之In short, ... 简言之 We hope that··· 我们希望Let’s try our best to ....I believe if we can..., ... will be .... What a ...! / How...! Keeping healthy
Let’s try our best to keep healthy.
In short, it’s important to have good habits and keep healthy. Helping others
I believe if we can help others, the world will be more and more beautiful. To be a green consumer [kən'sjuːmə]消费者 Let’s try our best to be a green consumer.
In one word, it’s necessary for us to protect the environment. Beijing
How beautiful Beijing is!Why not come to Beijing and enjoy yourself?

5. 如何学习英语写作中文章的整体结构性

这主要还是看你写的是什么体裁的文章,当然,现在一般都是议论文的。首先你要注意句子与句子之间的逻辑关系,比如一段话的各个句子是围绕一个主题展开的。所以在这个段落一开始你就要确定这一段到底要讲些什么,也就是说全部句子都要围绕这个中心思想展开。一个段落有它的中心思想,一整个文章自然也有它的中心思想,所以文章的中心思想也一定要很确定在写的时候思绪才不会东奔西跑。
具体讲句子的衔接的话,最重要的还是逻辑关系,而最能体现逻辑关系的莫过于连接词,比如firstly,secondly,therefore,so,however,nevertheless,in a word等等。要会懂的用连接词把自己各个句子间的逻辑关系理顺,这样写出来的文章看上去就不会零零碎碎,而会是一个整体。
需要注意的是,汉语的结构的确零散,这是由汉语的语法组成决定的,确实和英语这样注重链接的语言有很大不同,但是我相信好的汉语文章在语义的链接上和其它语言是没有什么区别的。
现在来说说具体的能提高句子间结构处理的方法,一个很有效的方法就是要把散落的句子用从句链接起来,因为好的英语文章都有大量的从句,定语从句,表语从句,同位语从句等等。写个例子:

Many students think that going to the internet cafe is not a great way.Going to the internet cafe can cost a lot of our money。

这是一个松散的句子,如果要让它看上去结构严谨的话,可以改成
Many students believe that going to the internet cafe is harmful because it is quite money-consuming.或者 Many students believe that it is not good to go to the internet cafe for it will cost us a lot of money.
总之是要用从句和并列句来代替一个一个的短句。

6. 英语里面的作文结构怎么选择

采用三段论即可。

7. 英语作文如何写好篇章结构

一般说来,学习英语写作有三个步骤,这三个步骤是不能截然分开的。
第一, 学习这门语言的基本的词汇和语法。此时的学习者对这门外语的基本用法还未掌握,因此尚处于学习语言的基础阶段。这时写作训练一般没有,即使有也只是为练习词汇和语法服务。这种练习一般说来内容都非常简单,强调的是学习者所使用的词汇和语法必须正确。
第二, 语言和内容并举。此时的学习者已经掌握了该语言的一些基本的词汇和语法,可以用该语言表达自己的简单的思想。这时的写作练习可以达到两个目的:(1)继续增强对语言的掌握;(2)用英语表达一定的思想。在具体的学习实践中,这两者实际上是不可分的。有许多初三的学生开始用英语记日记,其实他们就正处于这一阶段。
第三, 主要强调内容。当学习者对一门外语的词汇和语法有了一定的掌握,可以用它来表达相对复杂的思想时,就基本进入了第三阶段。此时的语言已经不是最大的障碍,如何写出好的内容成了头等大事。这一阶段的学习者所注重的是如何选材、如何组织文章之类的问题。有人说只有这第三阶段的写作才是真正的写作。这一说法可能失之偏颇,但成功的写作是必须达到这第三阶段的。
如果你发觉写出完整的句子尚有困难,这说明你还处于第一阶段。此时你不要急于写出长篇大论,即使你有些想法可能非常深刻。这时你应该做的是注意语言的积累,留意常用词和句型的用法。另外,适当做一些翻译练习也可以帮助你提高运用语言的能力,从而为提高写作能力做好准备。我们的翻译板块中有许多练习实际上对你们的写作能力的提高也是大有裨益的。除此之外,多做一些阅读,培养对语言的感觉也能为提高写作能力做一些准备。
因此,你在现阶段可以从以下三个方面着手:积累语言素材、多做翻译练习、多做阅读练习。随着你的语言能力的提高,你会逐步进入第二阶段,到那时你就不愁写不出句子了。

8. 如何搭建学术Essay的写作结构

留学生在国内写过作文,但是对于essay写作到底了解多少呢?大家觉得essay写作太难是语言问题,但是大家要明白,老师对于内容的考察远重于对语言的考察。同学们的essay写作如果能做到言之有理,自圆其说、体现出critical thinking,反应出你对于这个问题自己的研究与看法。essay写作自然就能的高分。那么具体要怎么完成呢?同学们如果想跟essay代写机构的写作水平比的话,就需要知道essay代写都是按照什么结构来完成的,具体就跟HotEssay小编来看看吧!

Essay写作结构

Essay写作的基本结构大家都很熟悉吧?首先一篇essay的正文分为introction,main body,conclusion。其他的有appendix,reference和bibliography。

introction

Essay Introction部分是先介绍topic的general background,了解“thesis statement”。Thesis statement是整个essay的主要论点,留学生要用一句话来概况。需要写一篇文章来论述发展清洁能源的好处与坏处,那么同学们在background部分可以些一些清洁能源的背景,它如今的发展势头,经济效应等等。然后我们在指出我们的thesis statement为:this essay will talk about the pros and cons of clean energy。

main body

在main body部分,thesis statement有论点就需要试着分段。举个栗子:thesis statement是说pros和cons,那么需要分成两个段落,一段写pros,一段写cons。

Each Paragraph的结构为general statement,evidence,discussion和conclusion。简言之:

clean energy有这些pros

引用合适的文献作为evidence,栗子:xx在2017年发现使用clean energy让经济效益提高了10%

同学们可以将evidence与大家的statement的相关性进行讨论:因为提高了10%,说明它确实是有这个pros

总结短语:to sum up,clean energy xxxx

同学们在完成essay body写作部分时可以进行参考

Conclusion

Conclusion就是总结,同学们可以用不同的方式复述你的观点,这也是加分项。

在复述观点之后还可以在conclusion部分讨论对topic的未来发展或者影响的一些看法。

Appendix

如果留学生有各种附件没有放入来得及正文,而你又想附上它们,那么你可以把这些放入appendix里面。

Reference

Reference部分留学生需要将body用到的文献列出来,一个都不能少。Reference也是证明大家平时reading积累的部分。格式的话每个学校要求不同,按照学校的要求书写就好啦。

bibliography

有些学校会需要同学们做好bibliography,其实就是动动手的事儿。意思就是essay里面没有引用,但是大家觉得对essay有很大的帮助,值得列出来的文献,这时候就可以放在bibliography里面。

Essay写作的过程就是你表态的过程,他人的观点很重要,但不绝对,你又不是复读机。当然了,表态也需要有说服他人的理由,也就是不能像个喷子一样说“我就觉得怎么怎么样”,在essay里表达个人观点的正确方式是“全篇不提你自己的看法但是所有你引用的人的看法都证明了你的看法”。同学们一定要注意这些细节。回答来源于HotEssay,原文链接

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与在英语写作中如何构建完整结构相关的资料

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