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讨论英语写作的难点与重要性

发布时间:2021-03-02 15:13:37

写作的重要性写一篇英语作文

As is known to all, writing is an important andnecessary skill for all students. However, many students don’t reallyunderstand the true importance of writing, as they just consider writing as atask of exam. As far as I am concerned, writing has deeper importance in manyways.
众所周知,写作对所有的学生来说是一项重要和必要的技能。但是,很多学生没有真正明白写作的重要性,因为他们只把写作当做是考试的一项任务。在我看来,写作在很多方面更重要。
Firstly, improving our ability of using words is abasic function of writing. For example, in order to write a good Englishcomposition, we must use every word carefully as much as possible to ensure itscorrectness. In the process, we have improved our ability of using words andwriting skills imperceptibly. In this aspect, writing is a good way tostrengthen our ability.
首先,提高我们用词能力是写作的一个基本功能。例如,为了写好一篇英语作文,我们必须极可能谨慎使用每一个词以确保文章的正确性。在这个过程中,我们不知不觉地提高了我们用词能力和写作技巧。从这一方面来看,写作是加强能力的一个好方法。
Moreover, writing is an effective way to enlarge ourvocabulary. Different compositions we write need different vocabularies.Therefore, the more compositions we write, the more vocabularies we get. At thesame time, it is helpful to enlarge our reading.
其次,写作是扩展我们的词汇量的有效方法。我们所写的不同作文需要不同的词汇。所以,我们写得越多,我们就掌握越多的词汇。同时,这也有助于我们扩大阅读量。
And last but not the least, writing makes greatcontribution to our logical thinking and analysis ability. For one thing, towrite a good composition, we must collect and arrange writing materialssystematically so that we can show off what is essential and what is not soimportant. In the process of dealing with materials, we are also learning toanalyze and deal with the different problems. For another, it is also a processto practice our own thinking ability and form different thoughts. By dealing withall kinds of compositions, we can get in touch with more thoughts and becomewiser.
最后但不是最不重要的一点,写作对我们的逻辑思维和分析能力很有帮助。一方面,为了写好一篇作文,我们必须系统地收集和整理写作材料以便能够掌握什么事必要的,什么又不是那么重要的。在处理材料的过程中,我们也学会分析和处理不同问题。另一方面,这也是一个锻炼我们思考能力和形成不同思维的过程。通过处理各种各样的作文,我们可以接触到更多的想法从而变得更理智。
In a word, writing is an important skill, especiallyfor language learners. Thus, we should improve our writing ability as much aspossible to improve our overall levels.
总之,写作是一项重要的技能,特别是对语言学习者。因此,我们应该尽可能提高我们的学做能力以提高我们各方面水平。

❷ 用英语写一篇工作中自学的重要性,工作中自学的困难如何解决写一篇英语作文

英语作文:
Importance of learning by self-study while in working.
Learning by self-study helps you become more open to change. By developing a growth mindset and believing you can learn new things, you will be more adaptable to the changes happening in your profession and workplace. You will be more willing to take on new ways of working.

❸ 英语写作的重要性及如何提升

一、英语写作的重要性
1.英语写作能帮助我们提高使用英语的准确性只要写一个句子,更不用说一段,一篇,就要力求句法,用词,拼写,标点等完全正确,而且与前后句紧密连贯。写和说不同,写好后可以检查修改,而一次修改就是一次提高。写得越多,语言就会越准确。2.练习英语写作能扩大词汇量 口语所使用的语言一般是比较简单和常用的。而在用英语写作时,所使用的语言则是多种多样的。从极简单到较复杂的语言都要使用,所使用的词汇和句型也比口语中使用的要多得多,这对英语词汇量的扩大有很大帮助。3.写作训练能帮助我们提高逻辑思考及分析问题的能力写一篇作文,不论长短,都需要妥善地组织材料,得出结论,作到重点突出,条理清楚。这样,在锻炼写作能力的同时,也锻炼了分析与处理问题的能力。4.英语写作对阅读,听力,口语,翻译等各方面都有促进作用 自己知道写作的甘苦,对别人的写作技巧就会乐于学习。分析问题的能力提高了,听别人说话就会善于抓住要点。语言质量提高了,口语也会准确一些。
二、怎样写好英语作文
1.打好扎实的英语语言基础 要写好英语作文,首先必须掌握一定数量的英语单词。此外,还得掌握好一定的英语语法知识。若有不太清楚的地方,应通过查阅语法书和词典来逐步解决,不能偷懒,随便乱写。2.广泛进行英语阅读 专业作家的秘密之一就是:阅读,阅读,再阅读。杜甫说“读书破万卷,下笔如有神”。敏感的阅读,使人产生灵感,使人对生平从未遇到的问题作出符合逻辑的或感情上的响应。阅读其他人的文章,并不是为了如法炮制,但我们可以把从其他作品中学到的东西融化到自己的文体和技巧中去。当我们发现一段文章比自己能写出的任何东西好得多的时候,坐下来,对它进行反复研究琢磨。它好在哪里?就同一题目,这位作者做了哪些我们不能做到的事情?模仿别人技术上的长处,对习作者来说极有益处。但仅靠阅读是不行的,因为它可以被用作不动笔的借口,还会成为一种麻醉剂。因此要记住:阅读是为了写作。3.掌握一定的英语写作技巧 英语写作有许多技巧,如怎样选词,造句,怎样展开段落,各种体裁的英语作文应怎样布局谋篇等。只有对这些基本的写作技巧加以掌握,才能在英语写作时得心应手。

❹ 求教英语写作难点问题

如何学好英语
大家都知道,生活在21世纪的年轻人掌握一门外语是十分重要的,尤其是英语。如何学好英语,提高英语水平,是当前很多中学生困惑的问题。其实,学好英语并不是一件难事,关键在于要掌握好的学习方法。学习方法自然是因人而异、因时而异的。其实方法本身无所谓好与坏,关键就看它能否完美地与 个人相结合,提高学习效率,如果一套方法能够激发你的学习兴趣,提高学习效率的话,以后要做的就是坚持下去。可能我们都见过类似的情况:有的人整日埋头书案,学得很辛苦,但成绩仍不理想:有的人则懂得“有张有弛”,学得很轻松,而且名列前茅。如果你是后者,相信你已经找到了良好的学习方法与你个人的最佳结合点了,只要持之以恒即可;而前者已经具备了一定的毅力,关键就在于提高自己的学习效率了。
学好英语的另一个关键是提高英语学习的兴趣。爱因斯坦说过“兴趣是
最好的老师”。兴趣是产生学习的动力。那如何产生学习的兴趣呢?当然你必须要学会英语、懂得英语、会在生活实践中运用你所学习的英语知识。你懂得越多你的兴趣就会越浓。首先,你必须有足够的词汇量,有坚实的语法知识。

一、词汇
词汇是学好英语的关键,没有足够的词汇就无从谈起听、说、读、写。

词汇量的大小决定一个学生英语水平的高低。因此在初中阶段除要掌握《大纲》要求的800多词汇外,还要扩充500个左右的词汇。在学习词汇的过程中,要掌握词的拼读规则,根据规则记忆单词;同时还要根据构词法知识记忆和扩充单词,通过语境理解和记忆单词也是一个最佳学习单词的好方法。目前词汇在中考试题中汉译英的试题越来越少,取而代之的是词汇在语境中的运用考查比重越来越大。在进入学习英语的初级阶段时,掌握语音知识是学好英语单词的基础,读准英语音素是拼读音标的前提。因此一定要熟练掌握48个音素,要做到会拼读、拼写。有些同学认为中考试题的笔试部分取消了对语音的考查,于是就其次,要注意训练自己听音、辨音和模仿的能力。课堂上,专心听老师的发音和磁带上的录音,争取当堂学会。对于那些比较拗口的单词、短语或句子,课下一定要挤时间反复模仿,直到读准、读熟为止。再次,熟练掌握读音规则,培养自己根据读音规则把字母(或字母组合)与读音建立起联系的能力。因为掌握拼读规则对单词的记忆很有好处。为此要经常复习巩固每单元最后一课的“Listen,read and say”和课本附录中的"Pronunciation and spelling”,如果不重视这些内容。我觉得这可是很大的缺撼。如果谁能够熟练掌握它,它可就成为你记忆单词的好帮手了。

说到记忆单词,这可是同学们普遍感到头疼的事。尤其是现行的新教材词汇量扩大了不少,记忆的难度就更大了。记不住单词,学好英语就无从谈起。所以突破单词这一难关非常关键。记忆单词的方法很多。

1.按读音记忆单词。实际上在你看单词时就要顺便看一眼音标,掌握字母及字母组合的读音规律。将所有符合规则的单词归类记忆。如:①按开、闭音节记忆,掌握元音字母的读音。Bag: cat, map, sad;cake: name, plane, date; desk: next, set, step, let; these: Chinese, Japanese; hit: big, ship, this, kill; like: side, nice, kite,mine ; not: dog, hot, stop, got; nose: note, those, close, hole ; bus: nut, cup, rubber, st; use: huge等。②按字母组合记忆,掌握元音字母组合和辅音字母组合的读音,如:

bee, meet, see, keep等等,ee字母组合读/i:/;chair,

ch字母组合读/tS / 。

2.分音节记忆。单词不论长短,如果从第一个字母背到最后一个字母,是

很难记忆的。如:information,共11个字母组成,可以把它“大卸八

块”,分音节记忆就会很容易。in-for-ma-tion

3.音、形、义结合法

背单词将它的音、形、义结合起来,记忆牢固,速度也快。读准它的

音,看好它的形,明白它的义,尤其是一词多义,记忆时要提高分辨率。

如:orange是个兼类词,作可数名词意思是“桔子”;作形容词意思是

“桔色的”;作不可数名词意思是“桔汁”。可读音只有一

个/'orindJ/,词形一样。这样有意识地去分辨记忆就容易多了。

4.联想记忆来记单词。它主要包括以下几种形式:

① 对比联想记忆:

将同义词: study/learn(学习),big/large/great(大的),look/

see/watch(看),hear/listen(听),good/fine/well/

nice(好的), door/gate(门),like/love/enjoy(喜欢)等。

反义词: 如:big(大) →small(小),dear(昂贵) →cheap(便宜),hot

(热) →cold(冷),slow(慢) →quick/fast(快),thin(瘦)

→(胖),in front of(在……前面) →behind(在……后面),

south(南) →north(北)等。

同音词: too(也) →two(二),for(为) →four(四),right(正确) →

write(写),by(乘) →buy(买),blue(蓝色的) →blew(blow

的过去式),sea(海洋) →see(看见),son(儿子) →sun(太

阳), whether(是否)→weather(天气)

词形相近比较:want(想要)→wait(等待),read(读)→ready(准备好

的),wall(墙) →walk(走),quite(很)→quiet(安静的),

present(礼物)→parent(父母)等放到一起对比记忆。

同时还可以联想到一些义同形不同的词。如:由cost联想到pay,take和spend,并将这些意义相对、相同或读音相同的词的用法进行比较。

②归类联想记忆:把所学的单词按照不同的范畴分门别类, 将所学单词合理归类。

A.按词性归类。如:名词driver, name…,动词be, have, drive…,

形容词careful, happy…,副词carefully, happily…,介词in,

on at…,代词he, she, him, her…等。

B.按用途归类。如:服装类coat, shirt, skirt, sweater,

shoes…,食品类cake, rice, mpling, noodle…,运动类

football, basketball, race, sport…,交通类traffic, bus,

car, taxi, train, plane, ship…,月份January, February,

March, April…,星期Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,

Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday和节日等。比如学习

Christmas一词时, 就联想到Children's Day,Women's Day,

Teachers’Day,Tree—Planting Day,Mid—autumn

Festival,National Day, New Year’s Day, Spring

Festival等一系列的节日名词。

③构词联想记忆:利用同根词(词形转换)联想记忆,注意词性。英语单

词中有许多词具有一词多性的特点,如open既可作动词用,又可作

形容词用。另一些词具有同一个词根,如单词care既具备名词性质

又具备动词性质,它的同根词有careful,carefully,careless,

carelessly,对于这些词,我们应重点记忆。再如:north→

northern,noise→noisy→noisily等。利用合成词联想记忆,如

学到moonlight这个词就想到它是由moon和light这两个词合成

的;classroom是由class与room合成的。

④搭配联想记忆:以一个单词为中心搭配不同的词而构成新的短语。这种语言现象非常多,如能经常使用此法则会牢固地记住所学的短语。如:

1)含有get的短语有:get ready for 为…… 做准备,get up 起 床,get on, with 与人相处,get down下来, get dressed穿衣服,get back取回;回来,got on 上车,get off下车,get to 到达,get out of从……出来, get lost迷路。

2)含go的短语有:go swimming去游泳, goes on继续;持续, go to school去上学, go to bed上床睡觉, goes home回家, go out for a walk出去散步, go away走开, goes down降落,go back回去, go on with继续做某事

3) 含look的短语有:look at 看, 1ook after照看;照顾, look the same 看起来很像, 1ook like看起来像, 1ook for寻找, 1ook up(在词典、参考书中)查找, 1ook over (医生)检查, 1ook around (round)环顾四周

4)含make的短语有:make room for 为……. 让地方, make sentences with 用……造句, made a face or made faces 做鬼脸, be made in在…制造 , be made of由…制成, make tea沏茶, make friends with 与……交朋友, make up编出, made a mistake出差错, make sure确保,确信, make a noise吵闹

5)含take的短语有:take your time 不急;慢慢来, take, medicine 吃药;服药, take a walk 散步,take, exercise 运动, take turns 轮流;替换, take care of 照料;照顾, take, out of 带走;拿出, taking off 脱掉, take a message for 给……捎个信

6)含come的短语有:came into 进来, come down 下来, come in 进来, come over 过来,come from 来自, come back 回来, come round 前来(过来)/ comes over, come on 快,加油, come out (花)开;出来, come along 赶快,快一点

7)含turn的短语有:turn off 关上, turn, up (把收音机等)开大一些, turn on 打开(灯等), turn down (把收音机等)开小一些, turned white 变白, turn left 向左拐。

8)含have的短语有: have to 不得不, have an idea 有了主意, have a rest 休息, have breakfast吃早饭, have a look 看一看, have a good time玩得愉快, had better 最好,have a drink of 喝一点儿

只要你多留心,有意识地注意归纳总结,记忆单词和短语不是一件难事。

此外,老师课堂上播放朗读带,不只是单纯地听,而是一边听一边迅速地将

其写下来,做到耳、心、手、眼并用。总之,对于那些新近学的单词,要不厌其

烦地靠读、写、背等各种途径反复记忆。重复到一定的次数,就会成为长时间的

记忆,也就不会遗忘了。

(5)记忆单词还要靠勤奋,抓住零散时间进行记忆。记忆单词时,除了

以上方法外还要做到“五到①脑到—背单词时肯定要想着,不能开小差。

②眼到—仔细观察单词的写法。③口到—口里要念着单词。④耳到—听着

自己的读音。⑤手到—用手在书桌上或纸上写几遍这个单词。不要偷懒,

一定要边记边壁划。把各个器官动用起来,相信自己一定能记住更多的单

词。

有的同学认为单词的识记真很麻烦。其实并不麻烦。如果你能经常有意识

地这样做,时间久了,就会养成习惯。以后每遇到一个词就会不知不觉地去联

想。

一位外语专家曾经说过这样一句话:“千个单词至少在你眼前出现二十次

才能牢记。”同学们想想看,你所学的单词总共在眼前出现过多少次?这下你

也许找到记不住单词的原因了吧?

(6)学好英语做好课前预习和课后复习也是十分重要的。

你应该在每学习一课之前,先进行预习。预习可以提前扫清听课中的障碍。

通过预习,就像“火力侦察”,可以发现自己知识上的薄弱环节。在上课前迅速

补上这部分知识,这样,在理解新知识时就会很顺利。有的学生听讲效果不好,

其中一条主要原因,就是没有搞好预习。课前预习是学生学好新课,取得高效率

的学习成果的基础。如果搞不好课前预习,上新课时就会心里没底,听课就会变

得被动、难以消化,以致对全部接受新课丧失信心。反之如果做好了课前预习,

不仅可以提前扫清听课中的障碍,培养自学的能力,而且可以提高学习新课的兴

趣,掌握学习的主动权。

首先,熟悉并能记住大部分生词。校正单词读音。在了解了生词的基本

意思和词性用法后,应及时听课文录音磁带,一般情况下,要连续听2—3

遍,并跟着大声读,目的是校正生词读音,并且模仿朗读课文的语音语调,

提高说的能力。用这种方法校正单词读音,还可增强语感。

在自学时,你会经常遇到疑难问题?你是如何处理的?

当然。每遇到这种情况,首先是自己要认真地去思考,多角度地分析、推

敲。要知道,若是自己费尽了一番周折将某个难题弄个水落石出,那心里可真是

一种说不出的痛快。如果实在搞不清,你可以向老师或同学请教,绝不轻易放过

任何一个疑难问题。

二、语法
语法是学好英语的基础,它是掌握英语的工具。在你掌握了一定的词汇量

后,了解一些语法知识是非常必要的。选择填空是考查语法的一个重要题型。

它可以通过选择的方式考查名词、动词、代词、形容词、副词、连词、介词和

数词等等。覆盖面较广。

初中阶段所学的语法知识就是那么屈指可数的几个,反复练习过多遍,为什

么到头来还是出错呢?

这种一错再错的现象在学生中是普遍存在的,即某个题目在以前曾做错过,

以后再次见到这个题,还是做不对甚至犯同样的错误。我觉得问题的关键在于没

有彻底弄懂错误的原因或没有引起足够的重视。你应该把做错的每一道题,都要

进行认真、仔细的分析和思考:错在哪里?是对该知识点不了解还是粗心大意所

致?如何改正?怎样才能避免类似错误的发生?是否还有其它的解法?经过这一番反

思之后,再把它们记录到“错题库”中去。以后再碰到类似题目就基本上可以杜

绝错误的发生。尤其是那些易受思维定势影响的题目更应当这样去处理,否则就

很容易重蹈覆辙。

时态学习是中国学生最为头疼是一项语法项目。因为中国人在语言的表达中

只有时间的变化,而没有时态的概念,但英语中语言所表述的事情处在不同的时

间,要用不同的时态,而且时态的关键表述在句子的谓语动词上。有时背起规则

来很容易,但在句子的使用中却常常出现错误。

要准确地掌握初中阶段的五个基本时态,重要的还是要在句子中多运用。

1.掌握连系动词be,feel,look,get,turn等与表语连用的一般用法。

2.掌握延续性动词与瞬间动词在用法上的区别。

这类动词主要体现在过去时和完成时态中。

一、在现在完成时中延续性动词可与表示一段时间的介词短语for或since连用,而终止性动词的现在完成时则不能与一段时间连用。如:

I have bought this dictionary for three years.

这本字典我已买三年了。(误)

上句中的bought(buy的过去分词)是终止性动词,它不能与表示时间段

的短语连用,若要连用,就必须改变结构,可变为:I have had this

dictionary for three years.因此在学习中要注意归纳终止性动词变为

延续性动词。常见的终止性动词与延续性动词的转换有come→be here,

begin/start→be on,borrow→keep, buy→have,die→be dead,

end/finish→be over,get up→be up,go(get)out→be out, fall

asleep→be asleep, leave→be away from, join→be in/be a

member of,put on→wear,catch a cold→have a cold等。

3.掌?罩

❺ 困难的重要性英语作文

篇一:英语作文:直面困难 dare to face difficulty
当你面对困难的时候,你会是哪种态度呢?是放弃还是坚持?很多人可能会在一开始的时候选择坚持,但最终选择了放弃。有时你只需再努力一次,你就可以克服它了。
我觉得爱迪生就是一个因为坚持而成功的例子。在发明电灯之前他做了大量的实验。在这些实验中,很多都是失败的。面对困难,如果他选择了放弃,他就不会在历史上成为一个伟大的科学家。我们可以从他身上学到什么呢?显然是,在面对困难的时候从不轻易放弃。成功从来都是来自努力的。
i
still remember the first time i rode bicycle when i was seven. my
sister pushed the bicycle to help me. few minutes later, she let it go,
and i fell in the ground. she asked me to try one more time, i strove to
ride. finally, i made it. it was really a big deal for me.
我还记得我在七岁学习骑自行车的时候。我姐姐抓住我的自行车来帮助我骑。几分钟后,她就放手了,我摔倒在地上。她要我再试一次,我试了。最后,我做到了。对我来说那真是一件了不起的事情。
as
the saying goes “where there is a will, theres a way”. when you in
trouble, don’t easily give up. maybe just try one more time; you will
taste the fruits of victory.
正如俗话说“有志者事竟成”。在你面对困难时,不要轻易放弃。也许只是再试一次;你就可以尝到胜利的果实。

❻ 英语写作 学习英语的重要性和有效的方法

Nowadays,people won't fuss about the importance of English learning,for the number of English learners is skyrocketing.Nonetheless,what makes English so critical ?My reasons come as follows.
In the first place, English is the most widely used language in the world,nearly 500 million people taking it as their official language,which makes English popular among many countries.In addition, some of the English speaking countries have economic advantages over other countries;consequently, their culture,history,politics,even military, have made a far-reaching effect on others.As a bridge which is used for communications,English is hard to be substituted.Above all,since globalisation has played a leading role around the world, English learning is no more just a kind of avocation,but a vocation which helps to boost the economy of non-English speaking countries.
Now that English does make a big difference, how can we learn it well? Speaking for myself, I think there are three methods we need to bear in mind.First of all, we should speak English as often as possible. Language is always used for speaking,if we can't speak it ,then we can't really understand it.Second,read more and watch more.it's not easy to read original versions of English materials at first.However,if you can keep trying and struggling,you'll find it the most efficient way to enter the English world. At last,we're supposed to be a good observer.Never let the words go if you don't get it.Never let the sentences go if you can't understand its structure.In a nutshell, learning English needs time,effort, grit and planning.No one can build Rome in one night!

❼ 英语作文 问问题的重要性

ved that the one who is with beautiful outlook will have more
chances to be successful,everyone wants to have perfect
outlook.Recently,the topic of only the good looking one has youth
becomes popular,people satire this phenomenon.Actually,no one will deny
the importance of outlook,the one who denies it may be he is
jealous.Though outlook is important,it can’t decide everything,our
effort is also important.If the one who is just caring about his
face,ignoring other factors,he does not pay attention to the inside,the
beautiful face will not help him go further.On the contrary,the outlook
is a gift from the god,but only we work hard to improve ourselves,can we
make this gift more precious.We must learn that beautiful outlook
provides us an easy way to be successful,but if we don’t improve
ourselves,we will be kicked out any time.
人们相信长得好看的人会更容易成功,每个人都想要拥有完美
的外表.最近,关于“长得好看的人才有青春”的话题变得流行,人们讽刺这样的现象.实际上,没有人会否认外表的重要性,谁否认就说明谁可能妒忌.虽然外表
很重要,但是那不能决定一切,我们的努力也同样重要.如果一个人仅仅关注他的外表,忽视了其他的因素,对于内在置之不理,那么美丽的容颜也不能帮助他走得
更远.相反的,外貌是上帝的礼物,但是我们只有努力提升自我,才能让这份礼物有价值.我们必须要知道美丽的外表给我们提供了一条更容易通往成功的道路,但
是如果我们不提升自己,随时

❽ 英语写作在英语学习中的重要性

别急 会把英语写作能力提高的
谈谈如何提高英语写作能力

关键词:英语写作能力 原则 方法
引言:英语写作能力是英语听、说、读、写四种基本能力之一,英语写作能有效地促进语言知识的内化。Swain(1985)提出“可理解输出”假设,认为包括写在内的语言产生性运用有助于学习者检验目的语句法结构和词语的使用,促进语言运用的自动化,有效地达到了语言习得的目的。通过写作,英语知识不断得到巩固并内在化,有利于英语技能的全面发展。但是,英语写作又是广大英语学习者最感头痛的问题之一,且容易被教师忽视,笔者以为如何提高英语写作能力值得我们认真研究。本文就此谈谈初浅的看法。
一、提高英语写作能力的原则
(一)渐进性原则。要坚持“句—段—篇”的训练程序,由易到难,循序渐进。在英语写作的初始阶段,要始终注意培养学生良好的写作习惯,狠抓基本功训练。在学生掌握了基本句型并能写出简单句子后,再要求学生根据一些体例写出小段的文章。在段落写作中要引导学生分析段落的结构、段落的中心句、句与句之间的逻辑关系、写作手法等,这样有利于下一步一篇文章的写作。在文章写作中要教会学生如何构思文章、如何运用正确的写作技巧等。
(二)多样性原则。要坚持训练形式的多样化及写作文体的多样性。从形式上而言,可以用回答提问的口头作文,也可以用续写故事;可以改写课文,也可以仿写课文;可以写提纲训练谋篇布局,也可以写拓展段训练发散思维……。从文体上而言,可以写说明文、议论文、记叙文,也可以写书信、便条、通知等实用文体。
(三)结合性原则。要坚持听说读训练和写训练相结合。根据语言习得理论,学习者在学习时常先通过听和读吸取语言知识,从而了解别人的思想,再通过说和写来表达自己的思想,让别人了解自己。大量的听说训练能促进读写能力的提高。因此,写与听说读紧密结合,进行多元化的能力训练,可使学生的各项能力互相影响、互相渗透、互相促进。
(四)控制性原则。要坚持写作前的指导,控制学生的汉语语言思维,发展英语语言思维。语言学习在很大程度上主要是模仿,而非随心所欲地自由表达。教师要加强写作前的指导,可给出范文让学生模仿,以熟悉其语篇结构。同时要控制其汉语语言思维,尽可能让学生习惯英语语言思维,以便于学生学习和掌握地道、正确的英语。
(五)持久性原则。要坚持长期、正确的写作训练。英语写作能力的提高并非一朝一夕之事,而是一个长期的、艰巨的、渐进的过程。这就要求教师、学生都要有充分的思想准备,要有坚韧不拔的意志和必胜的信心。
二、提高英语写作能力的方法。
(一)通过积累词汇量,提高英语写作能力。犹如土木砖石是建筑的材料一样,词汇是说话写作的必需材料,也是制约写作能力提高的瓶颈。可以想象,如果要写一个句子,10个单词有8个单词拼写错误或拼写不出,有2
个单词用法不当,又怎么能清楚地表达自己的思想呢?因此,在平时的教学中要强调学生记忆单词,记住单词的拼读、用法、意思等。记忆单词的方法有很多,各人有各人的记忆方法和习惯,可因人而异。教师可通过要求学生朗读单词、听写单词、默写单词、遣词造句、词汇竞赛等多种方法促进学生记单词。记忆单词是一个长期的反复的过程,要长期地坚持下去,才能不断积累大量的词汇,为英语写作打下坚实的基础。
(二)通过扩大阅读量,提高英语写作能力。古人云“熟读唐诗三百首,不会作诗也会吟”,这是汉语的一种学习方法,同样可借鉴于英语写作。多阅读是学生增加接触英语语言材料、接受信息、活跃思维、增长智力的一种途径,同时也是培养学生英语思维能力、提高理解力、增强语感、巩固和扩大词汇量的一种好方法,有利于促进英语写作能力的提高。在阅读训练中,教师要注意以下问题:一是指导阅读方法,分析文章结构、中心思想、段落中心句、写作方法等,帮助学生掌握各类文章的结构及写作方法。二要精读与泛读相结合,通过推敲优秀的文章来学会写作方法和选词用词;通过大量的泛读来吸取信息量,扩大词汇量。三要扩大阅读量。提供阅读的材料涉及面要广,才能不断扩大学生的知识面,使学生适应各种题材的写作。
(三)通过提高听说能力,提高英语写作能力。英语听说读写四种能力是相互影响、相互促进的,提高听说能力必定会促进写作能力的提高。要提高听说能力关键在于创设一个良好的英语环境。教师要尽可能地用英语授课,多开展专门的听说训练,同时开展丰富多彩的课外英语活动,让学生沉浸在英语海洋中去领略、去体会、去使用英语,久而久之,学生自然能使用正确的、地道的英语进行交谈与写作。
(四)通过重视写作过程,提高英语写作能力。长期以来,英语写作成果教学法(THE PRODUCT
APPROACH)在我国居于主导地位,教师根据写作的终成品来判断写作的成败,重视写作的技术性细节(如格式、拼写、语法等),忽视写作过程的指导。根据D.Rumechart和J.McClelland提出的连通论(Connectionism)理论,写作包括写前阶段、具体写作、文章修改三个基本过程,这三个过程并非是线性排列,而是循环往复,穿插进行的。教师只有重视加强对写作三个过程的指导,才能更好地提高英语写作能力。在写作前阶段,教师重在指导学生如何挖掘题材,训练发散性思维,以及如何选择材料、谋篇布局等。在具体写作中,教师重在指导学生如何紧扣主题、运用正确的写作方法等。在文章修改中,教师重在指导学生如何修改语法及用词的错误。
(五)通过多写英语摘要,提高英语写作能力。英语摘要是把一篇文章的要点摘录出来,用自己的语言使之独立成一篇短文,这不是简单的摘录,而是忠于原文意思的再创作。写英语摘要有利于学生了解原文的文化背景、理解原文的中心意思、弄清原文的篇章结构,从而提高学生的逻辑思维能力和谋篇布局能力。
(六)通过发展英语语言思维能力,提高英语写作能力。英语写作是运用已掌握的内在化语言知识和表达方法,通过思维进行外在化输出的创作,因此英语语言思维能力在英语写作中作用非凡。对于我国学生而言,在英语写作中易受汉语语言思维的影响,难以直接用英语语言进行思维,不利于英语写作能力的提高,因此发展其英语语言思维能力尤为重要。教师要注意对学生的英语语言思维进行多方位、多角度的训练:要采取各种方法训练学生英语语言思维的广阔性、深刻性、发散性和创造性;要教会学生用英语思考问题、回答问题;要从训练形象思维开始,逐步过渡到抽象思维训练;在课文讲解中要尽可能不用汉语翻译而用英语解释,消除汉语思维的影响;要努力创设良好的英语环境,在英语交际中发展英语思维能力。

写好英语段落的三个标准

首先,一个段落必须有一个中心即主题思想,该中心由主题句特别是其中的题旨来表达。整个段落必须紧扣这个主题(stick or hold to the topic),这就是段落的统一性(unity)。其次,一个段落必须有若干推展句,使主题思想得到充分展开,从而给读者一个完整的感觉,这就是完整性(completeness or adequateness)。再者,一个段落不是杂乱无章的,而是有机的组合,句子的排列顺序必须合乎逻辑,从一个句子到另一个句子的过渡必须流畅(smooth),这就是连贯性(coherence)。下面我们就对这三个标准分别加以说明。
1、统一性
一个段落内的各个句子必须从属于一个中心,任何游离于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。请看下例:
Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主题句是段首句,controlling idea(中心思想)是take the long trip across the country.文中出现两个irrelevant sentences,一个是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie,这一段是讲的是Joe and I ,中间出现一个Bella是不合适的。还有,Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner这一句更是与主题句不相关。考生在四级统考的作文卷上常常因为造出irrelevant sentences(不相关语句)而丢分,值得引起注意。再看一个例子:
My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit,但段中有两个irrelevant sentences,一个是I bought two new suitcases last week,另一个是My mother was a premature baby.
从上面两个例子可以看出,native speakers同样会造出来irrelevant sentences.卷面上如果这种句子多了,造成偏题或离题,那问题就更严重了。
2、完整性
正象我们前面说得那样,一个段落的主题思想靠推展句来实现,如果只有主题句而没有推展句来进一步交待和充实,就不能构成一个完整的段落。同样,虽然有推展句,但主题思想没有得到相对圆满的交待,给读者一种意犹未尽的感觉。这样的段落也不能完成其交际功能。例如:
Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to work —— you proce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
本段的主题句是段首句。本段的两个推展句均不能回答主题句中提出的问题。什么是“a mind in turmoil”(心境不平静)Physical work又如何能改变这种情况?为什么它能起therapy的作用?读者得不到明确的答案。由于四级统考的作文部分只要求写一篇100~120个词的三段式短文,每一段只有大约40个词左右,因此,要达到完整就必须尽可能地简明。例如:
It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
段首句所表达的主题思想是一种看法,必须有具体事例加以验证。上述两个推展句只是在文字上对主题作些解释,整个段落内容空洞,简而不明。如果用一两个具体的例子的话,就可以把主题解释清楚了。比如下段:
It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming “Help”?
3、连贯性(coherence)
连贯性包括意连和形连两个方面,前者指的是内在的逻辑性,后者指的是使用转换词语。当然这两者常常是不可分割的。只有形连而没有意连,句子之间就没有内在的有机的联系;反之,只有意连而没有形连,有时行文就不够流畅。
1)、意连
段落中句子的排列应遵循一定的次序,不能想到什么就写什么。如果在下笔之前没有构思,边写边想,写写停停,那就写不出一气呵成的好文章来。下面介绍几种常见的排列方式。
A.按时间先后排列(chronological arrangement)
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must have been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was our o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
本段从“rose”(起床)写起,然后是吃早餐(“not to miss breakfast”, “closing at nine o'clock”),然后是“close to noon”,一直写到这一天结束(“By nine——”)。
B. 按位置远近排列(spatial arrangement)。例如:
From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的写法是由远及近,从远处(“from a distance”)写起,然后“get closer”,再到(“ten feet away”),最后是“inside the pagoda”……当然,按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要,也可以由近及远,由表及里等等。
C. 按逻辑关系排列(logical arrangement)
a. 按重要性顺序排列(arrangement in order of importance)
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
这一段谈的是表达能力,它的重要性与职业,身份有关,从“not need much skill”或“of little importance”到“more important”,最后是“most important”。
b.由一般到特殊排列(general-to-specific arrangement)
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A —— the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that “sanguine” and “sanguinary” mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
这一段谈的是a writer's carelessness,先给出一个general statement作为主题句,然后通过5个 ”perhaps”加以例证。
c. 由特殊到一般排列(specific-to-general arrangement)
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主题句是段首句,它仅提出一个问题:为什么两只猫会被搞混。然后对两者进行比较,末句才下结论。
2)、形连
行文的逻辑性常常要靠适当的转换词语及其他手段来实现。请读下面这一段文字并找出文中用以承上启下的词语:
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies —— in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, ring his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graate on schele. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上启下的词语有两种,一种是转换词语(transitional words or phrases),另一种是起转换作用的其他连接手段(linking devices)。前者依次有:first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.后者依次是:he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his. 本段中共有词汇105个,所使用的转换词语及其他连接用语共26个词,约占该段总词汇量的四分之一。由此可见,掌握好transitions不仅对行文的流(smoothness)有益,而且对于学生在半个小时内写足四级短文所要求的120个词也是不无好处的。
一个段落里如果没有transitions也就很难有coherence了。我们看下面一个例子:Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 years ago. Written language is a recent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句开头出现一个起过渡作用的”it”之外,没有使用其他的过渡词语。这样,文中出现许多重复的词语,全段读起来也显得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的过渡词语来修饰的话,这一段就成了下面一个流畅连贯的段落:
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
4、有损连贯性的几种情况:
考生在写作中经常出现下面几种错误:
1、不必要的改变时态,比如:
In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.
2、不必要的改变单复数,比如:
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3、不必要的改变人称,比如:
Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此写作中,一定要注意时态,人称以及数的变化是否正确,要注意保持一致。

❾ 英语写作的重要性,和教学时应注意什么。200词左右,英文版的

英语写作其实比想象中的重要得多,工作和生活中随处都需要用到这项基内本英语技能,许容多跨国公司都习惯使用电子邮件来与同事和商业伙伴通信,就如同每天都在写一篇篇英语作文,即使是学生也常常需要用英语写作各种论文和报告。因此,拥有良好的英语写作能力,写出优秀、准确的英语作文非常重要。即使你只是为了兴趣爱好在网络上写博客或在论坛发帖,拥有良好的英语写作能力和英语语法也非常重要,穿插一些有趣的英语句子和恰到好处的短语,能够吸引更多的人来浏览你的网站,参与你的话题。在EF英孚中心,学员可以参加不同内容的课堂辅导和讨论会,课堂教学和讨论的主题包括商务、科技、健身、节日、文化、艺术、环境和历史等,还会安排英语写作等技能类的课堂训练,帮助学员达到听说读写全方位的锻炼,课堂实行小组教学,每位老师一般负责三名学员,而讨论会则是以外教主持的形式进行外教坐堂的在线英语写作课程EF的在线英语写作课别具一格。当学员把写好的英语作文上传系统之后,老师会在48小时之内给予详细的批复,包括英语语法、字词的修正及英语写作评分、以及针对该英语作文的整体建议等,已经帮助许多学员提高了英语写作能力。

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