⑴ 关于英语修辞和写作手法
Analytical structure of speech :
simile 明喻
metaphor 暗喻
personification 拟人
hyperbole夸张
euphemism 委婉语
irony 反语
antithesis 对偶
metonymy 转喻(指代)
litotes间接肯定即双重否定
analogy 类比 将两种本质不同的事物之间的共同点加以比较,来说明道理,把抽象的概念具体化,把浅显的道理浅显化:例 Forests are to nature what the lung is to man. Synecdoche 提喻,是以某事物的局部表示整体,抽象表示具体,特殊表示一般,或者反之。例如: More hands are needed in the work. (hand 是人体的一部分,代表人) There is a mixture of the tiger(残暴) and the ape(狡猾)in his character.
Onomatopoeia 拟声 The stream is murmuring down the hill. Some girls are giggling in the yard. Rain drops were pattering on the window. He heard the twitter of bird’s among the bushes.
Paradox 反论 指似是而非的说法,乍听似乎荒唐,但实际很有道理。
The child is father to the man. 从小看到大。 More haste, less speed. 欲速而不达
Oxymoron 矛盾修饰法 指修饰语和被修饰语之间看似很矛盾,但实则相反相成。
Sour-sweet day 酸涩而甜蜜的岁月 poor rich men creative destruction 创造性的破坏 living death 死一般的活着
Pun 双关 即巧妙地利用同音异义或同形异义现象 使同一个词或同一句子表达两种不同的含义,是之含蓄幽默,一语双关。
— what makes the tower lean? Lean指倾斜 和 瘦的
— It never eats.
transfer epithet转移修饰是 通常把形容人的词语用来修饰事物上,或者把通常修饰甲类事物的形容词用来修饰乙类,以简洁、新颖、形象的效果。
A wide-eyed answer a helpless smile embarrassed delight
Dizzy height an icy look dry humor cheerful wine
Syllepsis 一语双关 指用一个词语同时与两个部分搭配,含义上一个为字面意思,一个为比喻意思,可产生幽默、俏皮的效果。
⑵ 大学英语写作与修辞的课后答案
写作修辞“神不散”主要是从写作的立意方面说的,即写作所要表达的主题必须明确而集中,无论写作的内容多么广泛,表现手法多么灵活,无不为更好的表达主题。
⑶ 寻求英语修辞手法的练习题,请发给我。[email protected]
先把下面的各种修辞看一遍吧~
英语修辞手法
一、明喻(simile)是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等,例如:
1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.
这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.
他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来,像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。
3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.
它那长长的叶子在风中摆动,好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
二、隐喻(metaphor)这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...
德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。
2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.
钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
三、提喻(synecdoche)又称举隅法,主要特点是局部代表全体,或以全体喻指部分,或以抽象代具体,或以具体代抽象。例如:
1、The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.
长城不仅是用石头和土建造的,而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。
句中的“the flesh and blood”喻为“the great sacrifice”(巨大的牺牲)
2、“...saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,...”
……他说这是世界上最美的语言。
这里用具体的“tongue”代替抽象的“language”。
4、Many eyes turned to a tall,20—year black girl on the U.S. team.
很多人将眼光投向美国队一个高高的20岁的黑姑娘。
这里的“many eyes”代替了“many persons”。
四、拟人(personification)这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上,使之人格化,以物拟人,以达到彼此交融,合二为一。
1、She may have tens of thousand of babies in one summer.(From“ Watching Ants”)
一个夏天她可能生育成千上万个孩子。
这里用“she”和“babies”把蜜蜂比作人类妇女的生育。
2、My only worry was that January would find me hunting for a job again.
我唯一担心的是,到了一月份我又得去找工作。
英语里常把“年”“月”“日”人格化,赋以生命,使人们读起来亲切生动。
五、夸张(hyperbole)这是运用丰富的想象,过激的言词,渲染和装饰客观事物,以达到强调的效果。
1、My blood froze.
我的血液都凝固了。
2、When I told our father about this,his heart burst.
当我将这件事告诉我们的父亲时,他的心几乎要迸出来。
3、My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughter’svoice on the phone.
从电话里一听到我女儿的声音,我的心几乎停止跳动。
六、叠言(rhetorical repetition)这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中,将相同的结构,相同意义词组成句子重叠使用,以增强语气和力量。
1、It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious man—made destiny.
它必须用我们这些对于未来,对于人类以及人类自己创造的伟大命运具有信心的人的鲜血和汗水去创造。
2、... Because good technique in medicine and surgery means more quickly—cured patients, less pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity.
因为优良的医疗技术和外科手术意味着更快地治疗病人,更少痛苦,更少不安,更少死亡,更少疾病,和更少残废。
七、借代(metonymy)是指两种不同事物并不相似,但又密不可分,因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
1、Several years later, word came that Napoleonyh himself was coming to inspect them...
几年以后,他们听说拿破仑要亲自来视察他们。
“word”在这里代替了“news, information”(消息、信息)
2、Al spoke with his eyes,“yes”.
艾尔用眼睛说,“是的”。
“说”应该是嘴的功能,这里实际上是用眼神表达了“说话的意思”。
八、双关语(pun)是以一个词或词组,用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来,以取得一种诙谐有趣的效果。
Napoleon was astonished.”Either you are mad, or I am,”he declared. “Both,sir!”cried the Swede proudly.
“Both”一词一语双关,既指拿破仑和这位士兵都是疯子,又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役。
九、拟声(onomatcpocia)是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音,其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似,使语言显得生动,富有表现力。
1、On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing.
在学校房屋的屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着。
2、She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt——sunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one.
她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西,如阳光呀,丝绸摆动时的沙沙声呀,昆虫的叫声呀,开门的吱嗄声呀,亲人的说话声呀。
十、讽刺(irony)是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义,从而达到使本义更加幽默,更加讽刺的效 果。
Well, of course, I knew that gentlemen like you carry only large notes.
啊,当然,我知道像你这样的先生只带大票子。
店员这句话意在讽刺这位穿破衣的顾客:像你这样的人怎么会有大票子呢?名为“gentlemen”实则“beg gar”而已。
十一、通感(synesthesia)是指在某个感官所产生的感觉,转到另一个感官的心理感受。
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested.
有些书是应当尝尝滋味的,有些书是应当吞下去的,有少数书是应当咀嚼和消化的。
书是“尝”不出味道的,也是不能“吃”下去将其“消化”掉的。这里把读书中的精读和泛读,阅读欣赏与吸收知识的感受,用味觉功能和消化功能来表示,心理感受是如此逼真和奇特。
十二、头韵法(alliteration)在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组,其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音,以增强语言的节奏感。
How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness.
⑷ 英语修辞的辨析问题 求助高手 急急急!!!
1.simile为了形象、深刻地描写某一事物,人们常把具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物加以对比,用另一种事物比方所要说明的事物,这种对比在修辞学上称为明喻。句子中常有 like, as, as…as, as it were, as if, as though, be something of, similar to,等词,如My mind goes round and round like the earth.我的大脑像地球一样不停地转动。I'm as poor as a church mouse. 我一贫如洗。
2.metaphor将具有某种共同特征的两个不同事物进行比较,说话人不直接点明两个事物之间的相似,而是要靠读者自己去意会的比喻,叫做暗喻/隐喻,句子中没有like, as等词,如Time is money. 时间就是金钱。Snow clothes the ground. 雪覆盖了大地。
3.personification拟人是指把物(包括物体、动物、思想或 抽象概念)拟作人,使其具有人的外表、个性或情感的这样的修辞手段。如1.)Thirsty soil drank in the rain.饥渴的土壤在雨中畅饮。 2.)Did you see the anger of the tempest?你看到暴风雨的愤怒吗? 3.)The flowers nodded in the breeze.花儿在微风中点头。
4.Metonymy转喻:是指一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法.如1.He is fond of the bottle.他喜欢喝酒2.Grey hairs should be respected.老人应受到尊重
5.Synecdoche 提喻,它包括以部分代替整体,以整体代替部分,以某种事物代替某类事物,以某类事物代替某种事物,或者以原材料的名称代替由其制成的东西。如1、以部分代全体
They were short of hands at harvest time.收获季节他们缺少劳力。这里以 Hand(手)代替 worker, laborer(工人)。2)以全体代部分England won the football game.
英格兰队赢了足球赛。这里以England(英格兰)代替England Football Team(英格兰足球队)。3)、以一种事物代替一类事物Oh, the spring should vanish with the rose!
哦,春天随着花儿的调零而消逝!这里用rose玫瑰代替flowers(花)4)用一类事物代替一种事物
Nearly 4.8 million vehicles rolled off the assembly lines, 20000 more than in 1988.
有近480万汽车开下生产线,比1988年多两万辆。此句以vehicle(交通工具)指代“汽车”。5)、用原材料代替其制品Do you have any coppers?你有零钱吗?6)以个体代替一类
This young man is very clever; he may be another Edison.
这个年轻人很聪明,他可能成为另一个爱迪生。
6.paradox(似非而是的隽语)表面上自相矛盾但实质上入情入理的阐述。Paradox 的作用在于可以造成警句,发人深省;能鲜明的表现人物特殊的性格,情操;能生动的刻画人物的心理,气质和情状;还可用于广告,文章的题目,吸引读者,耐人寻味。例如
I find no peace, and all my war is done;
I fear and hope, I burn and freeze like ice;
I flee above the wind, yet can I not arise;
And nought I have and all the world I season.我结束了战争,却找不到和平,
我发烧又发冷,希望混着恐怖,
我乘风飞翔,又离不开泥土,
我占有整个世界,却两手空空;
诗人把互相对立的概念巧妙的联系在一起,使得自己要表达的思想鲜明生动,耐人寻味。
The Child is father of the Man. 婴儿是成人的父亲。The Child is father of the Man 的意思不仅是说每个人都先有童年才有成年,而且成年人性情中纯洁美好的部分都保持了在童年时期形成的东西。
7.An oxymoron矛盾修饰法 .用两种不相调和或截然相反的词语来形容某一事物, 在矛盾中寻求哲理, 这种修辞手法叫做矛盾修饰法。例如proud humility 骄傲的谦卑painful pleasure 悲喜交集sour-sweet days酸甜的日子a love-hate relationship 又爱又恨的关系a life-and-death struggle 生死存亡的斗争
8.Hyperbole 夸张:是在客观事实的基础上,对事物进行言过其实的描述或夸大或缩小,借以突出事物的某种特征或品格,鲜明地表达思想情感的修辞方式。Eg:He is so mean,he won't let his little baby have more than one measle at a time.他吝啬极了,竟然不肯让他的小婴孩一次出一粒以上的麻疹The noise was loud enough to wake the dead.声音大得足够把死人惊醒。
A young girl brought the house down with a ballet dance.一位年轻姑娘跳了芭蕾,博得全场喝彩
I love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars……
我爱你。你是我的一切,你是月亮和星星
⑸ 一道英语句子修辞手法分析题
注:下列题号(1.2.3.……)分别对应填空1、填空2、填空3、……;而括号中的序号x表示需要填入的修辞手法的序号。
1. antithesis(对比,序号3)这句使用了三个主系表句型,对于人生三个阶段进行对比解读。如果修辞手法选项里还有排比的话也可以算上;
2. inversion(倒装,序号6)well is it known是典型的倒装句式,well提前至句首然后be动词也相应前置。这一句其实也可以算作personification(拟人,序号10),因为creep和soar都是抽象的ambition所无法完成的动作,如果这道题可以填一个及以上的序号,推荐6和10都填;
3. rhythm(尾韵,序号13)单词action和ostentation都是-tion结尾的名词,尾韵相同;
4. alliteration(头韵,序号1)单词attitude,aptitude和altitude都是[æ]音开头的词,所以算头韵;其实这三个词的尾韵也是一致的-tude,如果能都填的话建议序号1和13都填;
5. paradox(看似矛盾的隽语,序号9)hate和love构成了句意上的矛盾,“隽语”这种修辞就是利用矛盾的句意表示深远的含义;
6. rhetorical question(设问,序号12)英文中的“设问”修辞和咱们中文的设问不太一样,包括我们中文意义上的疑问、反问和设问三部分,基本上是看见问号都能算在里面;
7. chiasmus(交叉,序号4)可以看到前后两句是互为颠倒的语序,英文中的“交叉”修辞更像是我们中文修辞里的“回文”;
8. personification(拟人,序号10)news没有办法长翅膀,也没有办法随风而去,这里就是将它拟人(拟物)化的手法;
9. simile(明喻,序号14)明喻与暗喻的最大不同在于,明喻有明显可见的比喻词like“像”,而暗喻直接就会用be动词“是”,依据这一点我们就可以区分本题和第13题啦;
10. anaphora(句首重复,序号2)英语修辞“句首重复”指的是连续多个句子的句首使用相同的词语,本句的两个分句都可看作以cease开头,所以是句首重复;
11. hyperbole(夸张,序号5)句意是“把你的马车直指星星(面向星空)”,意为要树立远大志向,使用了夸张的手法;
12. repetition(反复,序号11)使用了多个try的反复,很容易判断;
13. metaphor(暗喻,序号8)判断方法见第9空,这里不再赘述;
14. irony(反语讽刺,序号7)前半句的diligent与后文的每个月读书时间不超过1小时形成具有讽刺效果的反差,可以看出diligent这个词是可以加引号的“勤奋”,其实是在讽刺这个学生了,所以运用了反语的修辞。
满意请采纳,如果还有不明白的地方欢迎追问,我们一起讨论呀!
⑹ [高分]求:28种常考英语修辞格的理解方法、例句及练习。
以下是英译,更准确:
Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.
1) Simile:(明喻)It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.
2) Metaphor:(暗喻)It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.
3) Analogy: (类比)It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.
4) Personification:(拟人)It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.
5) Hyperbole:(夸张) It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.
6) Understatement:(含蓄陈述) It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.
7) Euphemism:(委婉) It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as " pass away".
8) Metonymy (转喻) It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).
9) Synecdoche (提喻) It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.
10) Antonomasia (换喻)It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.
11) Pun: (双关语) It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)
12) Syllepsis:(一语双叙) It has two connotations.
In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.)
In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue ecation and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mind is figurative, and means to go mad.)
13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配) It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)
14) Irony: (反语) It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.
15) Innuendo:(暗讽) It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不赞美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.
16) Sarcasm: (讽刺) It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.
17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语) It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more haste, less speed.
18) Oxymoron:(矛盾修饰) It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).
19) Antithesis:(对照) It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.
20) Epigram: (警句) It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.
21) Climax: (渐进) It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered.
22) Anti-climax or bathos:(突降)It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.
23) Apostrophe:(顿呼) In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!
24) Transferred Epithet:(转类形容词) It is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleepless nights on my project.
25) Alliteration:(头韵) It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.
26) Onomatopoeia:(拟声) It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movement.
Selected from Figures of Speech by Feng Cuihua
以下是部分的中文:
反语 (Irony) 英语修辞格irony就是说反话,用反面的话来表达正面的意思。这种修辞格可用来进行讽刺,但多数是用来表达一种善意的幽默或俏皮,故意说出与本意相反的话,例如: ● Slowly the old lady stooped to pick it (the cheque ) up. Her present, her lovely present. With trembling fingers she tore it into little bits. (老太太慢慢地弯下腰,把支票从地上捡起来,她的礼物,她的可爱的礼物!用颤抖的手指把它撕得粉碎。) 老太太八十岁寿辰那天,急切地盼望女儿回家看望她,稍稍安慰她那颗孤寂的心,然而盼来的却是女儿的一张冷冰冰的支票,这当然不是老人心爱的礼物。故此处her lovely present 是典型的irony,是句反话。 ● She was not so young as I expected and in appearance imposing rather than attractive.(她并不如我想象的那么年轻。她的外表与其说吸引人,不如说是令人难忘。)imposing意指因为外貌、形体而使人印象深刻,作者在此以讽刺挖苦的口吻来描述一个贪吃而肥胖的女人。
仿拟(Parody) 根据家喻户晓的成语或谚语,临时更换其中的某个部分,造成新的成语或谚语;或者根据古今名言警句,在保持其原句不变的情况下,更换其中部分词语,这种修辞方式叫仿拟。例如: ● To lie or not to lie-the doctor's dilemma(撒谎还是不撒谎--医生的难题) 看到这个标题,我们不禁想起莎翁戏剧Hamlet中那个永远也解不透的句子“To be or not to be, that is the question”。显然,文章的题目由此模仿而来,给人印象深刻。 ● Lady hermits who are down but not out(穷困而不潦倒的女隐士们)文中的down but not out 源于down and out, 原是拳击比赛的术语,后来喻指穷困潦倒的人。
矛盾修辞法 (Oxymoron) 用两种不相调和,甚至截然相反的特征来形容一项事物,在矛盾中寻求哲理,以便收到奇警的修辞效果,这就是矛盾修辞法,用这种方法,语言精炼简洁,富有哲理,并产生强大的逻辑力量,产生一种出人意料,引人入胜的效果。例如: ● A miserable, merry Christmas(悲喜交加的圣诞节)。圣诞节那天,故事主人公小男孩经历了从痛苦的边缘到幸福的顶峰的过程。因此,父母精心安排的圣诞节既是最糟的,又是最好的。
头韵 (Alliteration) 与前面几种修辞方式不同,头韵是一种语音修辞方式,它指一组词、一句话或一行诗中重复出现开头字母相同的单词,常用于文章的标题、诗歌及广告语中,简明生动,起到突出重点,加深印象,平衡节奏,宣泄感情的作用。例如: ● A miserable, merry Christmas ● Profits of praise
明喻 (Simile) 明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A像B”,常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though 等。例如: ● He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushed into his wrinkled face.(他往后一跳,好像被什么东西叮了一下似的,他那张布满皱纹的脸顿时涨得通红。) 在《品尝家》一文中老人对“我”的慷慨施舍的反应如同被蜜蜂叮过一样,生动地刻画出一个处境凄凉内心却极度敏感的可怜老人的形象。 ● The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (支票跌落到地上,像一只断了翅膀的小鸟。) 《礼物》一文中,老太太喜迎八十大寿,大女儿不来庆祝,只寄来一张支票。作者把这张支票比作断了翅膀的小鸟,形象地表达出此刻老太太希望破灭,极度伤心的心情。
暗喻 (Metaphor) 暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它直接把一种事物名称用在另一事物上,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。例如: ● What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter? (如果没有这位电子保姆,父母该怎么办呢?) 形象地说明了电视机的保姆功用。 ● ... while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.(……但是我们中的很多人太容易给别人批评的冷风,而不愿意给自己的同伴赞扬的阳光。)作者把批评比作冷风,把赞扬比作温暖的阳光,生动形象,寓意隽永。
转喻 (Metonymy) 转喻(即借代)是通过相近的联想,借喻体代替本体。例如: ● My 15 students read Emerson, Thoreau, and Huxley.(我的十五位学生读了爱默生、梭罗和赫胥黎的作品。)这是典型的转喻,以人名借代作品。 ● Against the Oval Earth man, the first card I can play is the analogy of the sun and moon. (面对“地球卵形说”者,我能打的第一张牌是,太阳和月亮的相似性。)文中作者用具体第一张牌来借代抽象的“第一个论据”,更加生动形象,浅显易懂, 也使语言新鲜活泼,富有表现力。
拟人 (Personification) 拟人是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物上,使之人格化的修辞格。例如: ● ... four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner, where they struggled to survive the st and fumes from a busy main road.(……四丛常绿灌木分别位于每个角落,它们忍受着从繁忙的大街上吹来的尘烟,挣扎着活下去。)“挣扎”是有生命的物体的动作,作者给自然的花草赋予了生命,使它人格化。 ● But the houses were cold, closed, unfriendly.(可是那些房子冷漠无情,门窗紧闭,一点也不友好。)house本来是没有感情的,作者通过拟人的手法,表现房子里人的冷漠无情。
夸张 (Hyperbole) 夸张是一种故意言过其实,或夸大或缩小事物的形象,借以突出事物的某种特征或品格,鲜明地表达思想情感的修辞方式。用于描写可以使形象更生动突出,渲染气氛,烘托意境,给读者留下深刻、鲜明的印象。例如: ● Vingo sat stunned, looking at the oak tree. It was covered with yellow handkerchiefs - 20 of them, 30 of them, maybe hundreds.(文戈坐在那儿望着橡树惊呆了。树上挂满了黄手绢--二十条,三十条,或许几百条。)此句中20 of them, 30 of them, maybe hundreds就是运用了夸张的手法,主观地渲染了气氛。 ● She gave me the impression of having more teeth, white and large and even, than were necessary for any practical purpose.(她给我的印象是:她有一口洁白整齐的大牙,为数之多已超过任何实际需要。)在这里作者通过夸张的描述,使一个贪婪好吃的女性形象跃然纸上。
⑺ 英语修辞问题
assonance(协音):重复某个发音相同或相似的音节,比如例句中的Thy/thy和-dom/done。
eg: Thy kingdom come, thy will be done.
synesis 表示单词的搭配符合逻辑,但不符合语法,比如例句中的anyone和them。
eg: If anyone calls, tell them I am out.
paradox(佯谬):似是而非、或者似非而是的表达,比如例句中关于youth的看法。
eg: Less is more.
metanoia: 表示自我修正,correction,修正自己前面说的一句话。(这是我自己理解)
eg: I will murder you. You whall be punished.
aporia(假装疑问):假装表示疑问,做出对某件事情好象不太肯定的样子,比如例句的最后部分。
eg: Then the steward said within himself, 'What shall I do?'
asyndeton(连接词省略):省略单词、短语或从句之间的连接词,比如例句省略了两个连接词and。
eg: But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.
cacophony和euphony 我也在找...
cacophony(杂音):使用一组发音不和谐的单词,以便让人听着不舒服,比如例句中的一组单词。
eg: We want no parlay with you and your grisly gang who work your wicked will.
euphony: 悦耳的音调; 谐音,使发音变容易的趋势,与cacophony相反。
我考研也遇到这些,有时间可以交流下。
⑻ 英语修辞
它主要指那些没有相对固定格式的修辞性写作技巧,它与语法、语言结构和词汇的关系密切,只是为了修辞和立意新颖的缘故,对之做了一些调整。举一种情况进行说明:为了增加文采,强化文章的表现力,常常避免重复使用同一个词汇,而另选他词。这种无固定格式可循的消极修辞手段被称为Elegant Variation(求雅换词)。
消极修辞(Passive Rhetoric Techniques)
求雅换词的手法之一是大字小用,或小词大用。如:Don’t take the low-fat label as a license to eat. 句子写得精彩,最难忘的是其中license一词。它是用途很广的大词。用在这里给人一种“头小帽大”的感觉,新颖别致。译文很难挽留此韵。(不能因为食品标明低脂肪,而敞开食用。)再如:If the term sounds unscientific to 20th-century ears,let us remember there is a definite connection between marshy lands and malaria… (如果这个术语对生活在20世纪的人听来不科学的话,那就让我们记住在沼泽地和疟疾之间有一定的联系……)。
积极修辞(Active Rhetoric Techniques)
词义修辞格 (Lexical Stylistic Devices)
结构修辞格
(Syntactical Stylistic Devices) repetition(反复),catchword repetition(联珠),chiasmus(回文),parallelism(平行结构),antithesis(反对),rhetoric question(设问),anticlimax(突降)
音韵修辞格
(Phonetic Stylistic Devices) alliteration(头韵),onomatopoeia(拟声)
希望对你有帮助哦~
⑼ 判断英语修辞手法题
修辞手法与汉语大同小异。没必要特殊对待。抓住关键联系词是捷径
⑽ 求英语大神找出以下两段英语的修辞手法和写作手法
修辞手法:contradiction对比
写作手法:narriation 记叙