㈠ 初中英语写作指导与训练九年级M5以读促写翻译
When I was just a little girl, my relatives all said to me,"You are not a beautiful girl. If you want to be paid attention to, you must work harder than others."These words hurt me. So I wanted to be a beautiful girl, just like the Snow White. That was my illusion when I was five years old.
I grew up. When I was ten years old, I wanted to be a scientist. I believed that if I was a world-famous scientist, I would be noticed by people all over the world. I could do many good things for them.
Now I'm fifteen, I have my third illusion: I want to be a singer. Because I love singing. I love music. I even want to proce music myself. I also want to let the entire world hear my voice and my songs, though I'm not the best singer.
I know all these are just my illusions. Maybe they will never come true. But I'm still very happy because of my illusions.
当我还是小女孩的时候,我的亲戚都对我说,“你不是一个漂亮的女孩。如果你要注意,你必须比别人更努力地工作。”这些话伤害了我。所以我想成为一个漂亮的女孩,像白雪公主那样的。这是我五岁的时候的幻想。
我长大了。当我十岁的时候,我想成为一个科学家。我相信,如果我是一个世界闻名的科学家,我会被全世界的人都注意到了。我能为他们做的很多好的东西。
现在我十五岁,我有我的第三个幻想:我想成为一个歌手。因为我爱唱歌。我爱音乐。我甚至想自己制作音乐。我还想让全世界都听到我的声音和我的歌,虽然我不是最好的歌手。
我知道所有这些都只是我的幻想。也许他们永远不会成真。但我仍然很高兴,因为我的幻想。
㈡ 英语作文模式是什么
作为应试而言,套句型的确是一个好办法,下面给你一些常用的模式:
作文模板
(i)说明原因型模块 currently, xx has been the order of the day. this does demonstrate the theory --- nothing is more valuable than xx it is clear that (1). if you (2), as a result, your dreams will come true. on the contrary, if you (3).failure will be following with you. it turns out that all your plan falls through. no one can deny another fact that (4).you don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know (5).it will exert a profound influence upon (6).with reference to my standpoint, i think (7).注释:1:xx的第一个优点2:支持xx的做法3:不支持xx的做法4:xx的第二个优点5:举例证明优点二6:说明xx优点三的影响第三天我写的相应作文:
the importance of self-confidence currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day. this does demonstrate the theory --- nothing is more valuable than self-confidence. it is clear that (self-confidence means trust in one's abilities). if you (are full of self-confidence, it will bring your creative power to play, arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties), as a result, your dreams will come true. on the contrary, if you (have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you would ever achieve anything ). failure will be following with you。it turns out that all your plan falls through. no one can deny another fact that (self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).you don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know (the secret of mme. curie lies in perseverance and self-confidence, the latter in particular). it will exert a profound influence upon (the achievement of one's ambitions). with reference to my standpoint, i think (he that can have self-confidence can have what he will).
(i)说明原因型模块(2) in recent years, xx has caused a heated debate on (1). the factors for (2).first of all, (3).then, there comes a case that (4). moreover, (5). especially when (6).indeed, these unique points can be collected the remind people that (7).in this way, we should behave just like (8).
the impact of television in recent years, with the development of science and technology, 80 percent of all homes in china have satellite tv, offering as many as 50 channels. it has caused a heated debate on (the impact of television on children). many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children. the factors for (parents' worry is that children are inlge in television and spend too much time on it.).first of all, (with so many programs to choose from, children are not getting as much exercise as they should ).then, there comes a case that (some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school ). moreover, (the effect on children's minds are more serious than the effect on children's bodies). especially when (the children are too small to judge what programs are suit to them).indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that (they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children's tv viewing).in this way, children will not be influenced too deeply.
(i)说明原因型模块(4)for most of us today, (1). from above, we can find that the reasons why (2)are as follows.the primary reason, i think, is (3).second,(4). the third reason, actually, is (5).the significance for (6)。therefore, (7).注释:(1)人们针对xx的态度和举措(2)归纳现状(3)第一个原因(4)第二个原因(5)第三个原因(6)重申造成现状的最重要原因
pollution most of us today (recognize that environmental pollution has been a greatly serious problem. lots of plants trees corps are destroyed by bad air. many fish die of poisonous water. thousands of people die from eating poisoned fish or breathing in gas. therefore, environmental pollution should be responsible for these diseases that are disabling, or bringing death not only to human beings, but also to wild life.)from above, we can find that the reasons why (environment are polluted more and more seriously)are as follows. the primary reason, i think, is (the reason of harmful substances into environment. for example, to prevent insects, farmers make use of great amounts of insecticides, so as to have bumper harvests. however, they pollute air, water and land ).second,(the gas coming from the car engines and factories also make environment polluted badly ). the third reason actually is (the result of a growing population in the world. everyday, so much litter and waste are poured out from houses, also pollute the environment ). the significance for (controlling pollution) noted that it's high time that more effective measures should be taken. therefore, (new laws should be passed to limit the amount of pollutants from factories. moreover, in the households, there is an obvious need to rece litter and waste. let's make our good efforts, and the world will be a safer place to live for us).
(i)说明原因型模块(5)these days we often hear that (1).it is common that (2). why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? for one thing, (3).for another, (4). what is more, since (5),it is natural that (6 ).to solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying. we should do something such as (7) to improve he present situation, and i do believe everything will be better in the future.(1)提出论题(2)说明现状(3)理由一(4)理由二(5)理由三(6)理由三引起的后果(7)解决方法
pollution of environmentthese days we often hear that (our living conditions are getting more and more serious because of the destruction of our environment ).it is common that (many trees and animals are near extinction, and the all-important food chain has been destroyed.).why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? for one thing, (the population of the world is increasing so rapidly that the world has been so crowded. ).for another,(the overuse of natural resources has influenced the balance of natural ecology ). what is more, since (the instrial revolution ),it is natural that (a great number of factories have been springing up like mushrooms. the smoke and harmful chemicals released from factories also pollute the environment).to solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worthing. we should do something such as (planting more trees, equipping cars with pollution-control devices and learning to recycling natural resources )to improve the present situation, and i do believe everything will be better in the future.
写作模板——图表式作文 it is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of y has undergone dramatic changes. it has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as x varies). at the point of x1, y reaches its peak value of …(多少). what is the reason for this change? mainly there are … (多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. first of all, …(第一个原因). more importantly, …(第二个原因). most important of all, …(第三个原因). from the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. the trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).
写作模板——提纲式作文1. 对立观点式 a. 有人认为x 是好事,赞成x, 为什么?b. 有人认为x 是坏事, 反对x,为什么?c. 我的看法。 some people are in favor of the idea of doing x. they point out the fact that 支持x 的第一个原因。they also argue that 支持x 的另一个原因。however, other people stand on a different ground. they consider it harmful to do x. they firmly point out that 反对x 的第一个理由。 an example can give the details of this argument: there is some truth in both arguments. but i think the advantages of x overweigh the disadvantages. in addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, x also may x 的有一个坏处。
2. 批驳观点式 a.一个错误观点。 b. 我不同意。 many people argue that 错误观点。by saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。an example they have presented is that 一个例子。(according to a survey performed by x on a group of y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。 there might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. but if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。there are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。
3. 社会问题(现象)式 a.一个社会问题或者现象b. 产生的原因 c.对社会和我们生活的影响 d. 如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话)e. 前景的预测。 nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (x has increasingly become a common concern of the public). according to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。 there are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文写法。 x has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 a dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent x from bringing us more harm. 同上based on the above discussions, i can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..
辩论式议论文模版1 some people believe (argue, recognize, think)that 观点1. but other people take an opposite side. they firmly believe that 观点2. as for me, i agree to the former/latter idea. there are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. first of all, 论据1. more importantly, 论据2. most important of all, 论据3. in summary, 总结观点. as a college student, i am supposed to 表决心.或:from above, we can predict that 预测.
模版2 people hold different views about x. some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. as far as i am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. for one thing, 论据1.for another, 论据2. last but not the least, 论据3. to conclude, 总结观点. as a college student, i am supposed to 表决心. 或 from above, we can predict that 预测.
模版3 there is no consensus of opinions among people about x(争论的焦点)。some people are of the view that 观点1,while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。as far as i am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. the reasons are obvious. first of all, 论据1。 furthermore, 论据2。among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. that is, 论据3。 a natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。 as a college student, i am supposed to 表决心. 或 from above, we can predict that 预测.
1.写作模板——图表式作文
It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).
What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … (多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). More importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因).
From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).
2.写作模板——提纲式作文
1. 对立观点式
A.有人认为X 是好事,赞成X, 为什么?
B. 有人认为X 是坏事, 反对X,为什么?
C.我的看法。
Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。
However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理
由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。
There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。
2. 批驳观点式
A.一个错误观点。
B. 我不同意。
Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。
There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。
3. 社会问题(现象)式
A.一个社会问题或者现象。
B. 产生的原因
C.对社会和我们生活的影响
D. 如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话)
E. 前景的预测。
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。&nb
There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon. 下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。
X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。
A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。
Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..
3.写作模板——辩论式议论文
模版1
Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.
There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1.
More importantly, 论据2.
Most important of all, 论据3.
In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
模版2
People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. As far as I
sp;am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.
For one thing, 论据1.
For another, 论据2.
Last but not the least, 论据3.
To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
模版3
There is no consensus of opinions among people about X(争论的焦点)。Some people are of the view that 观点1,while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious.
First of all, 论据1。
Furthermore, 论据2。
Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据3。
A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。
As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
㈢ 如何使学生写出高水平的英语作文
英语写作能力是学生认识水平和英语表达能力的综合体现,是写作主体能力和知识的综合体。如何提高学生的英语写作能力?笔者认为,英语写作是探索用书面语言完成思想表达的一门艺术,是英语语言学习的高级阶段、语言的输出阶段。英语写作能力是指用书面英语表达思想的能力。英语写作是人们用英语表达思想的过程,在这个过程中,写作者从长期记忆的仓库中撷取思想和语言材料并按一定的目的和规则把材料组织成英语文章。其中会遇到很多问题,因此英语写作又是一个用英语发现、分析和解决问题的过程,即英语写作能力。英语写作能力主要包括两种能力:一是遣词造句、布局谋篇的能力,即英语表达能力;二是观察事物、分析事物的能力,即认识能力。英语写作能力是学生认识水平和英语表达能力的综合体现,是写作主体的能力和知识的综合体。英语写作水平的提高要从以下几方面做起:
一、加强词汇训练
词汇是文章的基础,没有一定的词汇量就很难写出好文章。同时,词汇选择是否准确、贴切,对于文章能否收到预期的效果至关重要。因此,在词汇教学中我认为应加大单词的对比教学,也应有意识地介绍英语成语让学生掌握,加强句型训练。
句子是文章中表达思想的最基本单位,同一意思可选用不同的句式表达,所以我们要加强句型练习、造句练习。造句练习可以和词汇教学、句型教学以及语法教学相结合,还可用连词成句的形式或用译句、仿写句子等其他练习形式使学生学会用多种手法、句式表达同一意思,使写出的文章生动活泼。一句多译能开拓思路,即训练学生的综合运用知识的能力,又能为表达积累丰富的词汇和语言材料。要围绕五种基本句型反复训练。五种基本句型是:①主语+系动词+表语;②主语+谓语+宾语;③主语+谓语;④主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;⑤主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。笔者在教学实践中发现,在这五种基本句型当中,学生比较难掌握的是第一种和第五种。因此,加强“系动词”和“宾语补足语”这两个语法概念的渗透是学生掌握地道英文句式的关键。
二、加强语篇衔接训练
如何才能使一篇文章如行云流水般通畅、自然呢?关键在于正确运用英语的衔接方法。英语中的结构词犹如点缀在大地上的一座座桥梁,把语篇贯穿起来,使全文形成一个完善的整体。可见,一篇文章语意连贯、符合逻辑,离不开一定的语篇衔接手段。
为了避免行文漫无目标,保持段落的整体统一,以有效地表达思想,可以考虑给段落设立主题句来统帅全文内容,给文章列出提纲。
三、说写转换,说写结合
英语“说写”转换教学是针对英语基础教育中的“说不好,写又难”的现状提出的,旨在通过英语练“说”来发展学生的英语写作能力。
笔者曾要求学生在上课开始的两三分钟内做dailyreport,说的内容必须是自己写的东西。在每个学生说之前,教师要先批改,这样能让担心说不好的学生在说的时候更有信心。先写后说旨在以说促写、以写助说,让不同程度和不同特长的学生都能体会到成就感,从而增加说和写的兴趣,提高英语说写的水平。
四、注重写作训练的规范化
高中起始阶段的写作训练,培养学生的写作模式是非常重要的。我按照教师用书上说明的写作步骤,即构思(讨论题目)、写提纲(理顺思想的逻辑关系)、起草(打草稿)、校订(检查错误,重新安排内容)、修改(定稿),对学生进行了写作模式的训练。这样看起来比较麻烦,但避免了反复,能够养成学生较好的写作习惯。再就是书写和文体格式要规范。应严格要求学生正确、端正、熟练地书写字母、单词和句子,注意大小写和标点符号,养成良好的书写习惯。同时对各种文体特点、格式要讲清楚,使学生熟悉规范的书面表达形式,用正确的标准评析和规范自己的书面表达。
五、注重教师的指导作用
教师批改是写作教学的有机组成部分,批改过程中,教师的指导作用就在于肯定学生的成绩、指出错误,给学生恰当的评价。但在批改过程中,如果抓住学生的错误不放,有错必纠,改到最后,就变成了教师自己的作品;如果对错误视而不见,写得再多也收效甚微。我根据教学实践,对于新教材中的“有指导的写”的写作训练,是规定学生限时写完,同桌、前后桌互相批改,重新行文,再上交。这样批改起来就非常轻松,而且典型错误很容易找出,有利于讲评。对于新教材中的“自由写作”训练,可指导学生弄清主题,抓住要点,组词造句,安排好顺序,过渡到段落形成短文,多用熟悉的单词和句型,多用五种基本型表达,然后让学生共同研究、互相评论写好的草稿,以便最后写出修改的稿子来。这就有助于减轻教师修改作业的负担,也有利于学生写作这样的提高。
总之,写作是一个如何寻找最有效的语言进行思想感情交流的过程,是一个循环复杂的心理认知过程、思维创造过程和社会交互过程。尤其用第二语言写作,更具有挑战性。它不仅能巩固已学的语言知识,也是一种重要的交际手段,能有效地促进语言知识的内在化。写作能力的表现是多方面的,对写作能力的训练亦应采取不同的题型和不同的形式。这就要求教师在教学过程中尽可能采用多种教学策略,尤其要注重学生的基础训练。
㈣ 如何更有效指导学生的英语作文写作
指导学生如何写好英语作文 一、增加词汇 英语写作要求有一定量的词汇,没有词汇就好比巧妇无米难以下厨。写作时 可能出现要写的词记不起来、要用的词拿不准、尤其是遇到同义词、更不知用哪 一个好、或词性没记住,结果乱用……. 这都说明平时对单词的记忆不够牢固, 理解不清。这就要求我们在记单词的时候多花点力气,要从单词的音、形、义入 手,最好不要单独记忆单词,这样容易遗忘,要把它放在句子或文章中一起记忆, 这样可把握单词的词义、用法、搭配等词汇特点。除了课本上的词汇必须掌握外, 还要进行广泛的课外阅读,来增加词汇。 二、掌握语法 英语中虽有很多句子与汉语相似或相同,但语法与汉语不尽相同,它有 自己的基本句型固定搭配、固定短语等。要想写好作文,必须学好语法。英语中 有五种基本句型结构,几乎所有的英语句型都是五种句型的扩大、延伸或变化, 因此,应牢记这五种基本句型,并不断地练习运用。 三、背诵范文 古人说: “熟读唐诗三百首,不会做诗也会吟” 。背诵范文是中国人学习 语言的传统方法,它不但可以加强记忆、积累语言材料,而且可以定型语式句式, 语套模式和行文模式,将背诵用于英语学习更是见效。因为一种语言的具体句子 和语篇是无限的,而其结构模式则是有限的。掌握一个结构模式或行文模式就意 味着具有生成无数语气和语篇的能力。语言模式的作用类似于数学公式,非常重 要。而经典的语言模式则存在于范文之中,所以要熟读背诵。 四、以说促写 说话是作文的先导,是作文的起步。俗话说: “只有出口成章,才能下笔 成文” 。在教学过程中,教师可有意识地让学生用词造句,由词生文练习。由易到 难,循序渐进地让学生说。 可以把现实生活搬进课堂,模拟生活中的各种人物、情景,让学生在真 情实感的角色扮演中 进行口语交际。让学生把生活中的人物通过语言、动作、心理活动表演出来,让 学生自由发挥, 畅所欲言。 也可以通过演讲培养口头作文能力, 并引导学生把 “说” 和“写”联系起来,这样说说写写,写写说说,不仅提高了口语表达能力,而且 通过说话过程中对口头语言的叙述,提高了书面语言表达能力,使学生写作能做 到中心明确,条理清楚。 五、勤于动笔 适当地进行写作练习是不可缺少的,如果光大谈写作,而从不去动笔写, 是写不出好作文的,所谓的熟能生巧就是说的这一点。可以让学生采用写日记的 方法来提高自己的表达能力,也可以就不同的题材,自拟题目来写或者就某篇课 文来扩写、缩写、改写等,这些都可以用来练练手笔。也可以要求学生随读、随 学、随写,读有所得,学以致用。
浅析怎样指导学生英语考试作文 英语写作是衡量英语学习者的综合素质和综合能力的重要形式, 其文体主要有记叙、 议论、 说明、 小品文等文体。 在初中主要以记叙、 说明为主,并针对不同层次和不同年级采用不同的书面表达练习形 式,如:补全对话、编写对话、短文理解填空、提示类和图示类书面 表达等练习形式。2005 年六盘水市中考英语的书面表达就是采用提 示与图示相结合, 其写作形式和要求是; 看图作文。 即给出三幅画面: 图一,一名少先队员在栽种一棵小树;图二,树长大了,很茂盛,一 个青年人站在树边,很高兴。图三,树长老了,叶子落了,一个老人 正伤感的站在树边。 英文提示: Yang Pioneer ,plant a small tree ,a few he years later ,is an old tree , become an old man .根据图意和作文提示,该 试题内容丰富,意义深远,含义深刻,不只考学生的书面表达能力, 也考了学生的思维想象能力和逻辑发展空间。 再者也从另一方面体现 了素质教育的重要性和必然性。 也体现了在教育教学中推进素质教育 在新形式, 新情况下全新的教育理念和新的教育思想在教育教学试验 的探索中逐步升华与完善。 因此,现阶段的初中英语教学,加强写的教学对中学英语教学的 各个方面都起推进作用,对于初中英语写作的教学,可以提高学生的 学习能力,即听、说、读、写的各项综合能力。其中写是使用英语的 能力,培养学生正确而有内容的写作能力,实际上也就是培养和提高 学生的学习运用能力。那怎样提高学生的学习运用能力呢?我认为, 其一,应该培养学生的运动记忆,因为学习英语主要是靠记忆的。记 忆在整个英语学习中占有极为重要的作用。在初中的学习阶段,几千 个单词和句子.句型,几百篇英语课文和对话练习都需要牢固记忆, 即积累词汇量。其二,积累词汇量的同时,让学生练习书写单词,句 子,甚至对话,短文等,因为写是牢固记忆的最佳手段,从刚开始学 英语起,写就一直伴随始终。其三,听、说和写环环相扣,同步操作。 因为听、说、写是紧密相连的,要说必先听,因此,听是关键,说是 锻炼,写是运用。光听和说是学不好英语的,要想学好英语,以满足 英语素质教育的要求一般说来,写是必然的。因为根据心理专家和教 育专家多方面的实践证明: 写的记忆给人留下的印象比其他任何一方 面都要深。指一发而动全身,十指连心,手动即心动,心动即脑动, 故写作记忆属运动型记忆,在英语教学与学习中让听,说,读,写连 环相扣,从而使英语教学与学习更加有效。因此我在教学实践中,让 学生在听的时候,动手写,在写的过程中领悟和掌握语言结构的紧凑 性和严密性。通过牢固掌握基础语法知识和系统的写作知识学习、练 习,即如何遣词、造句、组段、谋篇,步步为营,扎实走好每一步, 使其逐渐感悟英语的写作技巧, 让学生感到不以写为苦, 而以写为乐。 刚开始的英语写作教学,不能让学生一蹴而就,应根据年级按部 就班,由浅入深,由易到难,由简到繁。首先让学生从字母写起, 即单个字母——两个字母——三个字母——单个句子——篇,如; a--at, o--ou--our, r--roo--room, There--are –some--beautiful--flowers,然 后写成句子 At our room ,there are some beautiful flowers .Our room is clear.再扩展为二句,三句,甚至更多的句子,也就成了书 面表达---作文。如:Our room is clear, there is a desk in it is a computer on the desk ,there .I often play games on the computer. The computer is my best friend .I can get many knowledge on it. I thank it. 那么,是不是教会学生写作英语作文就算成功了呢,我认为不 然,学生会写作文。可算是只到一半的家。要真正的会写,其实书 写教学也是必不可少的一环。如果说,写作是房子,那么书写则是 对房子的装修,盖起了一幢楼房,不经过装修,这幢楼房是不会有 人住的,写作也是如此。文章写得好,而书写太差也不会有人看。 在 2005 年中考英语评卷中,我发现许多同学作文写得很好但 书写太差,本该是满分的作文,但就因为书写太差看不清楚而被扣 掉 1--2 分。因此书写和写作是紧密相连的。故我平时在英语作文教 学实践中让学生在写作时始终把书写和写作贯穿一致。在教他们写 作时,首先让他们练习字母的书写顺序,笔画,及单词的拼写,句 子的连写, 标点符号的正确书写。如果书写差, 或标点符号不正确, 书面表达的思想,情感等就会因此而淡然无色。 再者如果学生书写潦草不清,书写技巧差,不规范,就会使读者 看不清楚而心生厌倦,也就影响了文章本身的思想和情感的表达。在 平时的英语作文教学中,往往很多老师也只重视写作的教学,而忽视 了学生的书写教学。因此,我在平时的英语作文教学中,把两方面结 合起来,让学生进行练习。首先,对初学英语的学生让其抄写字母, 单词,句子,课文。如:birthday, my birthday, my birthday is tomorrow,I will get many beautiful cards and presents.I will have a lot of food,drinks,fruts.I will sing songs and dance and play games with my good friends at the party.同时,在他们写作时,让其注意字母与字母间 的连写及句子与句子间的语法衔接和内容衔接, 即把书写与写作教学 相互联系起来。其次,让学生抄写课文中的重点句子或语法例句,或 让学生用新词造句或套用新句型。如:我教学 garden 时,让学生说 出 a garden,再写出 a garden 在本子上, 并由此扩展为 a small garden, a small garden is in front of my house.There are many beautiful flowers in the garden,my parents and my good frends and I all love playing in the garden every day.We have a good time in it ,we enjoy this garden.这样让 他们学会连环扩展句子以达到写作的目的,既学会了新单词的书写, 又操练了英语作文的练习,扩展了他们的写作思维。让他们感到不以 写为苦,而以写为乐,变枯燥无味的写作为快乐有趣的英语书面表达 练习,以达到英语书面表达作用和英语学习的教学目的。 总之,英语作文教学方法不拘一格,形式多样,现归纳如下: 一,边说边写,口手并用。注重个别与重点。 二,以词组句,收汇词组。 三,以句连句,以句组段,向外扩展,发散思维。看图组句,睹 物写句,感情用句。 四,以段组篇,抒写心得,描绘情感。 以上只是我自己的一点教学心得和经验总结,如有不足,望同行指出,以 期共同探讨英语作文教学新思路,新途径,新方法,为祖国英语教学作贡献。
㈤ 如何构建有效的以读促写教学模式
课堂是落实新理念、提高教育质量的主渠道,教学改革和实施素质教育的版关键在课堂。而先进、科学的权课堂教学模式能使教师摆脱只凭经验和感觉在实践中摸索进行教学的状况,在理念与实践之间搭起了一座通向高效课堂的桥梁。成功的教学模式,有实践性很强的基本操作程序,便于操作和实践,是有效提高课堂教学效率的方法之一。即由“理念”到“教学模式”再到“操作程序”,最终实现“高效课堂”。如杜威提出“以儿童为中心”的“做中学”为基础的实用主义教学模式。基本程序是“创设情境—确定问题—占有资料—提出假设—检验假设”。操作程序科学、实用而富有实效。
㈥ 以读促写,英语
为你解答。
1、内feed
2、容danger
3、situation
4、wild
5、raise
6、set
7、government
8、making
9、notices
10、scientists
11、research
12、bear
13、babies
14、protect
㈦ 如何通过阅读教学提高英语写作能力
语言
语言是信息的载体,语言考试实质上考查的是信息交流的能力。而信息交流是双向的,一方面是表达(包括说和写),一方面是理解(包括听和读)。
在语言学习中,这四种能力相互牵制,缺一不可,过分强调或忽略某一方都不利于语言学习。其中,写作是难度最高也最复杂的一种。相应的,在高考试卷之中,书
面表达和其他题型相比,缺乏明显的规律,从而具有非常强的区分度。很多同学有提高写作水平的要求,但是苦于找不到合适的方法。在进行了不少的练笔之后,仍
然觉得自己始终在低水平上徘徊不定,停滞不前。
其实,通往目标的途径有很多种,我们不妨换一个角度看问题。教材《新概念》的前言中有一句话:Nothing should be written before it has been read。道出了阅读和写作之间的必然联系。故本文试图独辟蹊径,分词汇、句型、语法和结构四个层次行文,从阅读的角度来看问题,在历年阅读真题中寻找例句,加以改写从而直接应用到2005年全国高考卷书面表达的写作中。展现给同学们另外一种培养写作能力的道路——通过阅读来提高写作。
写作真题如下:
假设你是李华,最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市区。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写一封信,反映讨论结果 :
赞成迁出 :
1.游客多,交通堵塞2.郊区环境好
反对迁出 :
1.建于1906年,中外闻名2.搬迁易造成动物死亡
词汇
词汇包括单词和词组,是构建起语言大厦的砖石,是一切语言知识和语言技能的基础和前提。词汇的问题解决了,语言的问题就解决了一大半。一篇文章的好
坏,在很大程度上是取决于语言的质量。而衡量这一点首先是看作者对于同一种意思有多少不同的表达,高分的文章往往很重视措词的多样性。绝大部分同学在考场
上处理书面表达题目时,首先就是用中文构思列出提纲,然后将要表达的意思转换成英语(论坛)写出来,这种做法没有任何问题。但是苦于在用英文表达的时候,语言不够优美不够地道。词汇就是其中的一个主要的瓶颈,无论是在质和量上都不能够令人满意。通过调查高考答卷后发现,本来应该丰富多彩的表达变得千篇一律,千人一面。例如,增加/减少这对儿经常出现的概念,很多同学冥思苦想之后,脑海中浮现的不过就是increase / decrease这两个词,其他的就再也想不出来了。其实,如果在做阅读时留心就会发现,这样的表达举目皆是,尤其是高考阅读的真题,例如this figure shoots up(2001年全国卷)/ a huge drop in the number(2002年春季卷)。再比如,很多同学在表达某种状态持续的时候,从来都是不假思索地写出be still ……,但是如果在我们阅读的时候多留心,就会发现有remain, keep这种看上去很简单,但是表达效果很好的词。类似的例子俯仰皆是,以下就连词和动词试举几例:
连词
没有线,再好的珍珠也连不起来;同样,如果没有连词,再好的词语也连不起来。英语中连词的重要性是毋庸置疑的。很多同学的作文不够流畅,会给人一种滞塞感,很大程度上就是因为缺少必要的连词。但不少意识到这一点的同学却只会使用and, but, so之类最常见的简单连词,殊不知在阅读真题的语篇中充满了种类丰富多样的连词,例如表示转折的however, yet, though, unfortunately, in stead of, 表示因果的as a result, therefore, hence, thus, 表示并列的together with, meanwhile, at the same time等等,只要在阅读的时候留心,就会有很多高级的表达可以积累下来应用到写作过程中。
动词
一个真正意义上完整的句子是不能没有谓语的,而谓语多由动词来充当。动词是一门语言中最富有特色的词性,各种语言中的动词都有着丰富的变化,是语言学习中的重点和难点。不过如何精确把握动词从而在写作中熟练运用,写出“Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, enjoys a famous history of 100 years。”这种优美的句子呢?下面点击链接查看奇速英语24个故事串记高中3500单词,另外阅读就是一个好方法,下面我们引用一些在高考阅读真题中的句子,模仿其中动词的用法来造几个句子,看看效果怎么样:
如果我们很熟悉2001和2002两年的高考阅读真题,其中有如下两句话
A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.
Careless methods of proction and lack of consumer demand for environment
friendly procts have contributed to the pollution problem.
这里面的grow和contribute都很值得学习和模仿,我们可以写出
A growing number of tourists to the zoo have contributed to the
heavy traffic jams.
又如,1996年的全国卷中有一句
The relationship develops until the two partners cannot manage
without each other.
短短一句话,develop和manage的用法都很值得揣摩,可仿写一句:
The zoo itself develops until it can not manage without move.
其他的例如形容词和副词的多样化,句子中各语法成分的名词化,代词的灵活替换等各种词性的具体用法和特殊表达都在阅读文章,尤其是历年高考真题中多次出现,只要有意识在阅读的过程中给与更大的重视,就可以间接提高写作能力,何乐而不为呢。
句型
高考的书面表达要求字数在100字左右,每句平均十个字总共十句话。很多考生的答卷上放眼望去全部都是短短的简单句,不求有功但求无过。而实际上,文似看山不喜平,句式上的多样性的复杂变化才能给自己带来一个有竞争力的分数。有一些固定的句式,例如it is that强调句、双重否定、插入结构等,可以使用在任意一句正常的陈述句上面。如果十句话的作文中错落有致隔三差五地出现一个特殊句型(例如第一、三、七、十句使用了特殊句型),文章马上就会上升一个两个档次,高分也就变的近在咫尺了。
强调句
强调句在这里特指it is … that… 强调句,它可以强调一个句子中的主语宾语和状语等多种成分。下面我们就结合出现在历年高考阅读真题中的强调句来造句:
强调主语:
原句:It is social conditions that make people tell lies.
(1998年全国卷阅读理解文章原句)
仿写:It is zoo that should be moved out of the city。
强调时间状语:
原句:It was only after he had spent several nights digging around the cross
that he decided to write to Kit Williams to find out if he was
wasting his time there.
(2002年全国卷阅读理解文章原句)
仿写:It was in the year of 1906 that the zoo opened。
强调地点状语:
原句:It was there that he made one of his most famous discoveries.
(2002年春季卷阅读理解文章原句)
仿写:It is at home and abroad that the zoo, built in 1906, is well-known.
双重否定
双重否定是一种“负负得正”的常见句型,以否定的形式加否定的词语来表示无以复加的肯定概念。本来平直的叙述可以通过这种小巧的变化引起读者注意,增加表达效果。
原句:John and Jim are not unusual people. (1998年全国卷阅读理解文章原句)
仿写:Changing to a better place is not an unusual way of development.
原句:Decision-thinking is not unlike poker. (2000年全国卷阅读理解文章原句)
仿写:Beijing Zoo is not unlike other parks that could hardly stand
the increasing number of tourists.
原句:It wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s
marriage was in serious trouble. (2001年全国卷阅读理解文章原句)
改写:It was not unusual to hear a man back form the zoo complain
about the traffic jams on his way there.
任何一句正常的陈述句都可以通过改造变化为强调句或双重否定,也就是说固定句型的表达形式是和具体内容无关的。那我们在平时就不妨通过阅读积累这样的模版句,到考场上直接套用为文章锦上添花。
语法
语法是人们通过语言实践总结出来的遣词造句的规则,是我们在利用语言进行信息交流时所应遵循的模式。良好的语法功底对语言的学习和运用会产生巨大的促进
作用,起到事半功倍的效果。通过阅读掌握的语法是在具体语篇中的语法,是鲜活生动的语法,是可以有效借鉴到写作环节中的语法。以虚拟语气为例,这种语法现
象在高考语法单项选择题中的考查已经逐年淡化,但是在阅读中还是偶尔露峥嵘。如果我们通过阅读掌握了一两个虚拟语气的表达法,一旦灵活运用到写作当中,就
会起到非常好的表达效果。在2001年全国卷阅读理解真题的文章中,曾经有这样一句:If this state of affairs had lasted, English today
would be close to German. 实质上无非说的是:“这种情况没有持续,今日的英语已经离德语很远了。”我们如果通过阅读掌握了这个句子背后的语言点——虚拟语气,不妨直接借鉴到书面表达的写作中来,进行仿写:
If the zoo had built out of the city form the beginning,
it would be far less famous.
如果当初动物园就建在城外的话,它也不会这么有名气了。(可用于2005年书面表达)
If the state had lasted, the school would be a less interesting place.
如果(减负之前的)情况持续的话,我们现在的学习生活也不会这么有趣。(可用于2001书面表达题)。
If Ah Fu had not saved her life, I would lose my little sister forever.
如果不是阿福救了她,我就会失去我的妹妹。(可用于2002书面表达题)
这些例子看上去很高级很复杂,其实不过是从2001年全国卷阅读理解文章中的那句“If this state of affairs had lasted, …”进行简单转化而来。如果同学们有意识进行积累,就可以通过简单的例子来掌握复杂的语法现象,并用于书面表达的写作中来。
结构
上文说过,英语是一门高度重视表达形式的形合语言,要求文字上有很强的逻辑性。而逻辑在语言上的体现就是结构和顺序。例如平行结构是英语中很常见的一种结构套路,两根主线平行发展,就像俗语说的“花开两朵,各表一枝”。2001年高考全国卷阅读理解的E篇是一篇关于男女友谊的文章,大量使用了平行结构,其中有一段涉及到对比对照的段落如下:“In general,” writes Rubin in her new book, “women’s friendshipswith each other rest on shared emotions and support, but men’srelationships are marked by shared activities”For the most part, Rubin says, interactions between men are emotionallycontrolled—a good fit with the social requirements of “manly behavior。”
如果我们加以模仿和改写,就可将其放进我们2005年公园是否搬迁那篇文章中:
In general, the advantages of the move to the suburb rest on a moreagreeable environment, but the short points are marked by probablyanimal death ring the very project. For the most part,to keep the zoo still in its location is emotionally welcomed—a good fit with the social requirements of “a zoo with a long history。”
㈧ 如何运用恰当的教学策略,以读促写,提升学生的书面表达能力
浅谈如何通过英语阅读教学来提升书面表达能力 叶浅予中学:洪新慧 2011.4.18 初中英语对于 “读”的级目标 1. 能根据上下文和构词法推断,理解生词的含义. 2. 能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系. 3. 能找出文章中的主题,理解故事的情节,预测故事情 节的发展和可能的结局. 4. 能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料. 5. 能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息. 6. 能利用字典等工具书进行学习. 7. 除教材外,课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上. 初中英语对于“写”的5级目标 1. 能根据写作要求,收集,准备素材. 2. 能独立起草短文,短信等,并在教师指 导下进行修改. 3. 能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系. 4. 能简单描述人物或事件 5. 能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或操 作说明 初中英语教学中“读”与“写”的辩证关系 1. 阅读与写作是两项相对独立但又相互依赖、 相辅相成的技能. 2. 阅读和写作是两个相似的、动态的、相互作用 的过程,都包含有预先存在的记忆结构,都对 语篇结构进行分析,并且都包含有理解和创作 的行为. 3. 读为写积累了素材,写是读的一个反馈.读是 语言的输入,写是语言的输出与生成. 1. 引导学生去广泛阅读.(一天一个故事,课前抽查学生讲故事,并让学生事先给出所设置的问
㈨ 以读促写属于英语写作教学法么
以读促写是英语写作教学方法的一种方法,通过大量的阅读同时模拟文章的写法,然后促进写作,这是非常必要的,而且也是比较好的方法。