一、审题立意
大学英语四六级作文的题型一般是标题作文、主题句作文或情景、图表作文等等,去年四级作文考试有书信和记叙文,但基本都属于命题作文范畴。对于命题作文,审题立意是写好作文至关重要的一步。所谓审题,就是要看清题意,确定文章的中心思想和主题,并围绕中心思想组织材料。也就是通过分析作文题给出的标题、主题旬或情景,找出关键词或中心词,明确写作要求,是写哪方面的内容,既包括题材上的要求,也包括体裁上的要求如果不审题就随便下笔,想一句写一句,内容离题,即使再好的再华丽的再精心构思的词句表达也无济于事.另一方面,四六级写作的目的是测试学生用英语书面表达思想的初步能力,并不是测试你母语创作能力,而且为了便于作文评卷有一尽量统一的标准,出题方式无论怎样变化,四六级作文都可以归纳为三段式,有的甚至给出三段的段首句。其目的就是让学生们在统一主题下的写作要点、思维和方式尽可能地同一化和统一化。鉴于此,我们应清楚四六级写作没有太大的自由发挥空间。在构思段落之前一定要仔细斟酌标题、主题句和段首字,找出关键词从而确定写作的方向和范围,而且还应记住要尽量缩小这个范围,不能脱离要求任意展开,那样属于跑题。
二、段落构思
文章的段落,是文章的基本组成部分,一篇好的文章需要精心的段落构思和合理的段落安排,根据不同的题材确定不同的段落写作顺序.四六级作文从结构上看,一般由三部分组成∶引言部分;结尾部分,而且每段往往只有一个主题,段中各支持句围绕明确的主题,层层展开论证并服务于主题句。整篇文章也是层层推进,环环相扣,条理分明,完整统一。下面进一步说明每一部分的具体写作技巧与要求∶首先,引言部分Introctory Part文章开头很重要,关系到全篇文章,一定要认真考虑好如何写好第一句。一般紧扣主题,开门见山,直接入题。如果已给出段首句,则要考虑如何跟开头连接好.在实际写作中,主要有以下几种开头方式。定义法。即用一句话或几句话来解放说明题中的关键词,给出关键词的定义。多用于给出一简单题目的标题作文。直接切入主题。也就是直截了当地揭示文章的主题或写作原由,如已给出每一段的中文提示,可直接翻译提示中每一段的中心思想,作为开头.
提问法。用疑问句或设问句开头,紧接着提出自己对这个问题的看法或直接点明主题,这种方法如果使用得当,能够激起读者往下读的兴趣,以便找出答案.以故事背景开头,交待时间、地点、人物及背景,然后在这个背景下引出正文.这种方法多用于记叙文,使读者一开始就产生鲜明视觉形象。
引用法.即引用名人名言或谚语等作为文章的开头,指出阅读的内容范围。
其次,主题部分Body Part篇章写作不仅应层次清楚,而且主次也要分明I任何文章都有主体部分,即文章的精华部分。学生在这部分的写作错误五花八门,或者段落内容缺乏统一性,或者句与句之间缺少连贯性 ,层次混乱,信息的表达经常是跳跃式的想到什么写什么,内容空洞,言之无物,缺乏严密的逻辑性。针对这些错误,写主体段应注意以下几点要求。要紧扣开头段提出的主题思想,突出中心.围绕主题句用一组意思连贯而且完整的句子展开文章,切记各展开句是能起到说明、支持或阐述主题的句子并服务于主题,全文保持统一性,也就是我们通常所说的"切题"。主体段取材必须精练典型,系统而完整。根据内容需要和字数的规定,确定要点的详与略后,选择正确的、典型的、具有说服力的事实、例子、数据和论据等说明解释并扩充主题主体段要与开头段和结尾段有内在的必然归宿,要顺其自然地过渡,使用好承上启下的连接词或句子,防止突然转折.另外,主体段的句与句之间也要逐步展开,通顺连贯 ,符合一定的逻辑关系。
最后,结尾部分Ending Part
文章如何结尾关系到写作的成败。好的结尾不仅在形式上起到面龙点睛的效果,而且在内容上读者明其宗旨,解其寓意.一般结尾段的写法有以下几种;
总结式,即在上文所述事实和论据的基础上,对全文进行归纳、总结得出结论,使读者对文章的主题或作者的观点有个更完整而清晰的理解.首尾呼应式,即对引言段所提出的同题给出解决方案,作到首尾呼应,主题突出,结构匀称,使读者对提出的问题有了明确的答案.提问式,这种结尾形式可以引起读者的思考。并起到强调主题的作用.展望式,也就是要提出作者的希望、号召或表示信心和决- C-,使读者受鼓舞.引语式,引用名人名言,谚语俗语做文章的结尾,使文章更具说服力.
三、语言表达
四六级作文评分的原则之一就是要从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判,内容和语言是一个统一体,作文应表达题目所规定的内容,而内容要通过语言来表达。因此这项测试不仅考察学生所学的英语语言知识,更是考察学生综合运用所学语言知识来正确地表达思想。许多学生词汇、句型知道的确实不少,但却不能熟练自如地运用到写作中,特别是让其在规定的时间里写出一篇象样的文章,不是难以行笔,就是落笔错误百出.分析其原因主要体现在以下三个方面∶
词法层次
英语词汇一词多义和同义词现象非常普遍,外延相同而内涵不同的词数量很多.许多学生只知其表面意思,不了解词语的深层的文化以及感情色彩等,出现用词不当的错误.比如∶"1 was grieved to hear that your father kicked thebucket".这个句子中的"kick the bucket"虽然指死亡,但它是一个贬义词 ,用在此旬不合适,应改为。pass away"。单词拼写错误较多,漏用词语以及搭配有误现象比比皆是。如一学生想要表达这样一句话∶一流的旅馆对旅游者不可抗拒的吸引力。他这样写到∶
The first--rate hotels give people an irresistible attraction. The first—rate hotels have an irresistible attraction fortourists.句法层次
句子中语法错误太多,包括时态、语态、语气以及主谓一致等,如果这些成份的一致关系弄错会使句子逻辑混乱 ,意义含糊不清.例如∶
In college,students should learn tO analyze and solveproblems on their own.Try to help them to acquire this ability.应改为∶In college,students should learn to analyze andsolve problems on their own.The teacher should help themto acquire this ability.
句式单一不变.这是目前一般大学生写作中出现的普遍问题,整篇文章都是一连串简单句的罗列,句型没有变化.如果能恰如其分地变化旬式,长短句交错使用,互相补充会增加语言的表现力。比较下面两个句子,就会发现改过的B句式不仅仅句式复杂,而且表达要生动有力得多。
A)Many liberal arts graates are unwilling to acceptwork outside their majorinterest.If SO they will have diffi—culty finding employment.
B)Unless they are willing to accept work outside theirmajor interest,many liberal arts graates will have difficul—ty finding employment.
语言的连贯性。
文字连贯,语言流畅是写好作文的基本要求,会给人以美的享受而内容充实,意思完整是文章连贯流畅的基础,达到这一目标要求学生有较强的语感和语言功底,需要一个长期积累和大量实践的过程通过对以上写作方法与技巧的探讨,我们不仅了解到其重要性,更应付诸实践。尤其是教师在实际教学中,要加强学生的语言基本功的训练,将阅读教学与写作培养相结合.因为写作是一种语言的输出,阅读是一种输入,只有大量的输入才会有输出。同时也要强调写作技能的训练和实践,采用多种方法调动学生的写作积极性。
『贰』 大学英语写作技巧的介绍
本系列丛书在系统分析各类试题的基础上,分门别类、系统地阐述其特点及陷回含的真谛,相对简单答的题目要求快,相对复杂的题目要求稳,最终达到稳中求快的目的。通过归纳一定的应试技巧,使学生掌握考试的重点和特点,在实践中掌握应试的高分攻略,从而驾轻就熟地迎接各类考试。丛书主要供大学一、二年级学生以及准备报考硕士研究生的学习备考之用,也可供参加大学英语专业四级考试的学生使用。
『叁』 写作,目前,全国大学毕业生就业形势严峻.请写一篇120词的英语短文,简要分析其原因,并提出自己的建议
1.金融危机使就业压力加大
2.金融危机面前,有的同学就业时不再注重内单位条件,有的同容学考研……
3.你对这种现象的看法
The financial crisis severely hit the world economy. A lot of factories go bankrupt, and many workers are jobless. As a result, university graates are confronted with the pressing employment problem.
Facing the financial crisis, what shall we do to cope with the employment problem? Some students no longer demand working conditions. They don
『肆』 求大学英语作文写作辅导资料
跟汉语作文的“起承转合”类似,英语作文其实也有固定模式。
这个模板的中文大意是:在某种场合,发生某种现象,并提供一些相关数据,然后列出这种现象的三个原因,并将三个原因总结为一个最主要原因,最后提出避免这种现象的两个办法。总的来说,利用这个模板写英语作文,是相当容易的,只要将适当的内容,填写到对应的方括号中,一篇通顺的英语作文即可完成。
模板如下:
Nowadays, there are more and more [某种现象] in [某种场合]. It is estimated that [相关数据]. Why have there been so many [某种现象]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is [原因一]. Besides, [原因二]. The third one is [原因三]. To sum up, the main cause of [某种现象] is e to [最主要原因]. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing, [解决办法一]. On the other hand, [解决办法二]. All these measures will certainly rece the number of [某种现象].
例: ghost writer(捉刀代笔的枪手)。
Nowadays, there are more and more [ghost writers / 枪手] in [China's examinations / 中国的考场]. It is estimated that [5% examinees are ghost writers / 5%的应试者是枪手]. Why have there been so many [ghost writers / 枪手]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is [hirers' ignorance / 雇主无知]. Besides, [hirers' indolence / 雇主懒惰]. The third one is [hirers' obtusity / 雇主迟钝]. To sum up, the main cause of [ghost writers / 枪手] is e to [hirers' low IQ / 雇主智商低]. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing, [flagellation / 鞭打]. On the other hand, [decapitation / 斩首]. All these measures will certainly rece the number of [ghost writers / 枪手].
1. 对立观点式
A.有人认为X 是好事,赞成X, 为什么?
B. 有人认为X 是坏事, 反对X,为什么?
C.我的看法。
Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。
However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。
There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。
2. 批驳观点式
A.一个错误观点。
B. 我不同意。
Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。
There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。
3. 社会问题(现象)式
A.一个社会问题或者现象。
B. 产生的原因
C.对社会和我们生活的影响
D. 如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话)
E. 前景的预测。
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。
There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon. 下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。
X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。
A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。
Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..
模版1
Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.
There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1.
More importantly, 论据2.
Most important of all, 论据3.
In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
模版2
People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.
For one thing, 论据1.
For another, 论据2.
Last but not the least, 论据3.
To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
模版3
There is no consensus of opinions among people about X(争论的焦点)。Some people are of the view that 观点1,while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious.
First of all, 论据1。
Furthermore, 论据2。
Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据3。
A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。
As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
『伍』 大学英语作文120词china in my eye
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China is my motherland. It lies in the eat of Asia.Beijing is the capital of China.
中国是我的祖国,它位于亚洲的东部。北京是中国的首都。
China's population is more than 1.3 billion. The population in the east is much bigger than in the west.The weather in China is wetter and warmer in the south and drier and colder in the north.
中国有13亿多人口,东部的人口比西部的多得多。中国的天气情况是:南部潮湿、温暖;北部干旱、寒冷。
China has a long history, and there are a lot of places of interest in China, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the West Lake and so on.
中国具有悠久的历史,这里有许多名胜,如长城、颐和园、西湖等。
In the last twenty years, great changes have taken place in my motherland.I am sure China's tomorrow will be much better.I love China!
近二十年来,我的祖国发生了巨变。我相信中国的明天会更美好。我爱中国!
『陆』 求一篇英语话题写作大学水平
Along the way, and especially since I started my resolutions-based happiness project, I’ve hit on some strategies for helping myself stick to resolutions.一直以来,特别是在我为了快乐而下决心之后,我发现一些方法能帮助自己坚持决心。1. Be specific. Don’t resolve to “Make more friends” or “Strengthen friendships”; that’s too vague. To make more friends as part of my happiness project, I have several very concrete resolutions like: “Start a group,” “Remember birthdays,” “Say hello,” “Make plans,” “Show up,” and “No gossip.”具体化。不要决定“交更多的朋友”或“巩固友谊”,这太模糊。作为快乐计划中的一部分,我的“交朋友”决心非常具体:“建立一个小组”、“记住别人的生日”、"打招呼“、”定计划“、”到场“、”不说闲话“。2. Write it down. 写下来。3. Review your resolution constantly. If your resolution is buzzing through your head, it’s easier to stick to it. I review my Resolutions Chart every night.时常回顾你的决心。如果你的决心“余音绕梁”,那么就更容易坚持。我每天都看一遍自己的”决心章程“。4. Hold yourself accountable. Tell other people about your resolution, join or form a like-minded group, score yourself on a chart (my method) -- whatever works for you to make yourself feel accountable for success and failure.建立自我问责制度。告诉给别人你的决心,参加或创建一个”志同道合“群体,用表格给自己打分(我的方法)。任何可以对成功和失败问责的方式都可以。5. Think big. Maybe you need a big change, a big adventure – a trip to a foreign place, a break-up, a move, a new job. Let yourself imagine anything, and plan from there.眼光放长。也许你需要有一个大的变化,大的冒险——例如:去异国他乡旅行,分手,搬迁,新工作。允许自己做出任何想象,然后做好打算。6. Think small. Don’t fall into the trap of thinking that only radical change can make a difference. Just keeping your fridge cleared out could give you a real boost. Look close to home for ways to improve and grow.小处着眼。不要陷入“只有激进变化才能起到作用”的思维。清理一下冰箱,这也是个进步。就近在家中寻找改善、成长的方法。7. Ask for help. Why is this so hard? But every time I ask for help, I’m amazed at how much easier my task becomes.寻求帮助。为什么会那么难?但是每当我寻求帮助,我会惊奇地发现任务变得简单多了。If you have an especially tough time keeping resolutions, if you have a pattern of making and breaking them, try these strategies:如果遵循决心对你来说特别艰难,如果制订再违背决心成了家常便饭,那么试一试下面的方法:8. Consider making only pleasant resolutions. We can make our lives happier in many ways. If you’ve been trying the boot-camp approach with no success, try resolving to “Go to more movies,” “Entertain more often,” or whatever resolutions you’d find fun to keep. Often, having more fun in our lives makes it easier to do tough things. Seeing more movies might make it easier to keep going to the gym.考虑制定令人愉快的决心。有很多方法能让生活更加快乐。如果你一直在采取“集训”方式而不见成果,那么试试任何你感到有兴趣去遵循的决心,比如”看更多电影“、”更多娱乐“。通常,更多的乐趣可以让难事变得容易。看更多的电影可能必坚持去健身房容易些。9. Consider giving up a resolution. If you keep making and breaking a resolution, consider whether you should relinquish it entirely. Put your energy toward changes that are both realistic and helpful. Don't let an unfulfilled resolution to lose twenty pounds or to overhaul your overgrown yard block you from making other, smaller resolutions that might give you a big happiness boost.考虑放弃一个决心。如果你不断建立、打破某个决心,考虑是否要完全放弃它。将你的精力投入那些即现实又有帮助的改变。减肥20磅或翻修荒草蔓生的院子很难实现,并可能阻碍你制定可能给你带来大快乐的小决心。10. Keep your resolution every day. Weirdly, it’s often easier to do something every day (exercise, post to a blog, deal with the mail, do laundry) than every few days.每天遵循决心。奇怪的是,天天做某事比隔几天做一次更容易(锻炼、发博客、处理邮件、洗衣服)。11. Set a deadline. 设定截止日期。12. Don’t give up if something interferes with your deadline. 如果有事情和截止日期有冲突,也不要放弃你的决心。13. “Don’t let the perfect be the enemy of the good.” Thank you, Voltaire. Instead of starting your new exercise routine by training for the marathon, aim for a 20-minute walk each day. Instead of cleaning out the attic, tackle one bureau drawer. If you break your resolution today, try again tomorrow.“不要让完美成为优秀的敌人”。谢谢你,伏尔泰。不要用马拉松来开始你的锻炼活动,每天步行20分钟就可以了;不要清理一个阁楼,转而对付一个抽屉吧。如果今天违背了你的决心,明天去重新来过。
『柒』 大学英语写作.
Life’ Greatest Challenge: Love Thy Enemy
everyone has their own stated enermies exsisting in mind. it is not a big deal to find an enermy but to love them. I also have enermies in my mind which i can tell are my school mates. i like them as friends but also enermies when i am studying. By helping and stressing myself into a competetive atmosphere my protencial can be discover to a maximum. However to love your enermies is the best challenge in my life. I have to overcome my psychological obstructions firstly and graally telling myself the advantages with patience. Finally i am now love to have my enermies arround me stimulate me but also train me.
『捌』 英语作文 出国留学还是上国内上学有模板的
Nowadays, going study abroad is very popular. Many people want to the United States of America, because other people will envy them and they can get a certificate from abroad, which separate them from the students in domesticate.
But there are some disadvantage of going abroad. People should study for SAT, which is very difficult for the foreign students. People should study English very hard, and it is very demanding. Also going study abroad is very expensive, especially for the schools of top ten, although the schools abroad may have good conditions for study.
If i have chances, i will choose to study in domesticate. Because many of my friends will remain in domesticate, and it is easily to keep in touch with them. Also it is easier for me to get a good score in the entrance exam to the university.