A. 英语中的SUMMARY怎么写 具体格式步骤是什么
英语中的SUMMARY撰写的具体格式步骤如下:
1、写之前,需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料,让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序,对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括,全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题,比如:可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成,不要引用原文的句子,篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
5、写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧:
(1)筛选1-2个例子。
(2)避免重复,删除细节,只保留主要观点。
(3)把长段描述压缩变成短小精悍的句子。如下例:“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为:”He was very brave in battle.”
(5)你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。
(6)使用概括性的名词代替具体的词,比如:“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them ring the winter vocation.”可以概括为:”She brought home a lot of books to read ring the vocation.”
(7)使用最短的连接词。比如,可以使用可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though,不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。
(8)把文章中的第一人称转换成第三人称,把对白简化。
summary / 'sʌməri / 既可以做名词,也可以做形容词。
adj.做形容词时的含义有
1.总结性的,概括的,概述的
2.简明的,扼要的
3.即时的,即刻的
n.做名词时的含义有
1.总结,概略,摘要,一览
2.[废语]结局;顶点
资料来源:网络:summary
B. 英语写作考试中outline概括的一般方法有什么技巧
其实就是总-分的结构。先写一句提示下文的概括性的话,继而进行解释或者介绍: 1.表示原因
1)There are three reasons for this.
2)The reasons for this are as follows.
3)The reason for this is obvious.
4)The reason for this is not far to seek.
5)The reason for this is that...
6)We have good reason to believe that...
例如:
There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly,people’s living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly,most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least,more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.
注:如考生写第一个句子没有把握,可将其改写成两个句子。如:Great changes have taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。
2.表示好处
1)It has the following advantages.
2)It does us a lot of good.
3)It benefits us quite a lot.
4)It is beneficial to us.
5)It is of great benefit to us.
例如:
Books are like friends.They can help us know the world better,and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore,reading extensively is of great benefit to us.
3.表示坏处
1)It has more disadvantages than advantages.
2)It does us much harm.
3)It is harmfulto us.
例如:
However,everything dividesinto two.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi- sion.
4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1)It is important(necessary,difficult,convenient, possible)for sb.to do sth.
2)We think it necessary to do sth.
3)It plays an important role in our life.
例如:
Computers are now being used everywhere,whether in the government,in schools or in business.Soon, computers will be found in every home,too.We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.
5.表示措施
1)We should take some effective measures.
2)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties.
3)We should do our utmost in doing sth.
4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.
例如:
The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious.Therefore,we must take some effective measures to solve it.
6.表示变化
1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years.
2)A great change will certainly be proced in the world’s communications.
3)The computer has brought about many changes in ecation.
例如:
Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years.The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek.Nowadays,more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein,and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.
7.表示事实、现状
1)We cannot ignore the fact that...
2)No one can deny the fact that...
3)There is no denying the fact that...
4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.
5)However,that’s not the case.
例如:
We cannot ignore the fact that instrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these problems, we can start by ecating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.
8.表示比较
1)Compared with A,B...
2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV.
3)There is a striking contrast between them.
例如:
Compared with cars,bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly,they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly,they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least,they contribute to people’s health by giving them e physical exercise.
9.表示数量
1)It has increased(decreased)from...to...
2)The population in this city has now increased (decreased)to 800,000.
3)The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of January.
例如:
With the improvement of the living standard,the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on ecation has increased.
再如:
From the graph listed above,itcan be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.
注:“From the graph listed above,it can be seen that”见句式12。考生将句式9和句式12结合在一起,便可较好地写出2002年6月CET -4、6短文写作的第一段。
10.表示看法
1)People have(take,adopt,assume)different attitudes towards sth.
2)People have different opinions on this problem.
3)People take different views of(on)the question.
4)Some people believe that...Others argue that...
例如:
People have different attitudes towards failure.Some believe that failure leads to success.
Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor.However, others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers.
再如:
Do“lucky numbers?really bring good luck?Different people have different views on it.
注:一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始,考生应掌握这一写作方法。
11.表示结论
1)In short,it can be said that ...
2)It may be briefly summed up as follows.
3)From what has been mentioned above,we can come to the conclusion that ...
例如:
From what has been mentioned above,we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary,however, its method should be improved.
注:例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句;例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。
12.套语
1)It’s well known to us that ...
2)As is known to us,...
3)This is a topic that is being widely talked about.
4)From the graph(table,chart)listed above,it can be seen that ...
5)As aproverb says,“Where there is a will,there is a way.?
例如:
As is well known to us,it is important for the students to know the world outside campus.
The reason for this is obvious.Nowadays,the society is changing and developing rapidly,and the campus is no longer an“ivory tower?.As college students,we must get in touch with the world outside the campus.Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graate.
再如:
Does it pay to be honest?This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it.
C. 高考英语概要写作该如何下手
1.题型介绍
◆选材特点
(1)所需阅读的短文词数在350以内;
(2)所选材料体裁没有限制,以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。
◆评分参考
阅卷时主要考虑以下内容:
(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;
(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;
(3)上下文的连贯性;
(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。
注意:理解准确,涵盖全部要求,完全使用自己的语言,准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇,得分相应比较高。相反,如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象,得分档次将会大大降低;所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。
2考查能力
概要写作,简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括,写出文章的中心大意,也可称之为摘要。写概要时,读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来,而不是抄袭文章的原句,更不是把细节性信息作为中心,而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换,对文章的具体信息进行概括,再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力,同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此,概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达,是二者的有机结合体,是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
3写作步骤
1)细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文,掌握文章主旨和结构,明确各段的大意。
2)弄清要求。新高考的概要写作是写全文概要,不是写某一部分的概要,或者就某些问题写出要点。
3)列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构,将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4)在写作时要特别注意下面几点:
(1)概要应包括原文中的主要事实,略去不必要的细节。
(2)安排好篇幅的比例,概要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。
(3)注意要点之间的衔接,要用适当的关联词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子,但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语,以免显得生硬。
(4)不排斥用原文的某些词句,但不要照搬原文的句子,如果不能完全用自己的话语表达,至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换,如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
(5)计算词数,看是否符合规定的词数要求。
D. 英语写作的教学方法
这是一抄个很泛的话题,一般英语写作大部分都有个大概的框架,比如说第一段该写什么内容,一般来说是利用题目给出的话题引出自己的论点,第2段的框架就是在自己的中心论点下发展2个或2个以上的小论点,第2段的内容主要就是写这2个或2个以上的小论点,第3段写总结,总结一般情况下可以比较简单点,重复中心论点或者概括以上的内容。
一篇文章的好坏会根据文章的框架的合理性以及详细内容(包括语法,词汇等),写文章那种框架是很容易记住的,百试不爽。但是实在的文章内容以及语法啊词汇啊
还要根据个人的不同来说,所以一说到英语作文大部分老师什么的会说这东西要根据平时的积累什么的,当然他们指的的是语法和词汇。
最有效的方法就是看那些范文了,大概可以模仿一下。
(个人的想法,给不给分无所谓)
E. 英语概要写作会出记叙文吗
1、开门见山,揭示主题文章一开头就交待清楚文章的主题是什么。如“How I Spent My Vacation”(我怎样度假)的开头是:
Spent my last vacation happily.
下面是题为“Honesty”(谈诚实)一文中的开头:
Honesty is one of the best virtues.An honest man is always trusted and respected.On the contrary, one who tells lies is regarded as a "liar",and is looked upon by honest people.
2、交代人物、事情、时间或环境开头在文章的开头,先把人物、事件和环境交待清楚。例如“A Trip to Jinshan” (去金山旅游)的开头:
The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. The bus ride there took three hours. The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us.
3、 回忆性的开头
用回忆的方法来开头。例如“A Trip to the Taishan Mountain”(泰山游)的开头是:
I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday.
4、概括性的开头即对要在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。如“The Happiness of Reading Books”(读书的快乐)的开头:
People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power.
5、介绍环境式的开头即开头利用自然景物或自然环境引出要介绍的事物。如“An Accident”(一场事故)的开头是:
It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner.
6、交待写作目的的开头。
在文章的一开头就交待写作目的,如通过文章要表扬谁,批评谁,或说明一个什么问题等。如“Pollution Control”(控制污染)的开头:
In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control.
F. 如何写好英文论文summary
我觉得吧,大概可以按照这么个步骤来写:
第一步:文献阅读
A.针对论文选题和研究方向进行文献检索,针对整理后的有效资料进行认真阅读,尤其是和论文内容相关的部分,要重复理解。阅读次数直接关系到你对文献的理解程度。
B.必要时可以在正式写作summary前制定一个标题,有利于尽快确认文章的中心思想或整体写作思路。标题可以是简短的句子或者词组,对论文主题进行概括,或者直接引用文章中的主题句。
C.确认题目后就可以对参考资料进行筛选整理,按照相关性对资料进行主次区分,对于文献中的重要部分进行提取概括。
D.文献检索过程中需要对有效资料进行简单记录汇总,尤其是参考文献的主要观点对summary能起到概括作用的重要内容。
第二步:着手写作
A. 一般而言summary的字数占全文的20%-30%,所以在确认具体字数以前要了解论文的字数要求。要留意summary的实际字数绝对不能超过这个比例。
B. summary的内容应该是作者在进行文献阅读后再通过自己的话进行写作,而不是直接引用参考资料中的句子。
C. 在summary写作逻辑上应该符合论文的逻辑顺序,内容需要围绕论文整体的研究问题,不能出现论文研究问题以外的新问题的提出。
D. 要体现summary在文章中的作用,就是全面清晰地体现论文所呈现出来的相关信息,以便读者在开始论文全文或者相关参考文献的阅读之前就能完全理解作者想表达的观点。
E. 在正式写作summary时可以参考以下相关技巧:
1) 摒弃细节问题。只保留论文主要观点。
2) 涉及到实证或案例相关内容需要进行精简,只保留一至两个具有代表的性问题进行陈述。
3) 尽量使用简短的具体进行描述,对于参考资料中的相关解释过于复杂和冗长的可以进行精炼。控制在两句话之内说明即可。
4) 避免重复句出现,这种情况在论文或参考资料中会经常出现,主要是为了强调某个观点或主题,但是在summary中是不可以使用的。
第三步:整理修改和调整
论文完成初稿候要对它进行修改和调整。首先要确保summary内容中提到的观点是否与全文相一致,并且对参考资料中所提及的相关重要内容都概括了。其次,summary中如出现了过多无意义的内容,包括词语短语等,要删除或者用其他更精炼的内容进行替换。保证语言简短,第三,也就是最基本的要求,要对summary文字内容的拼写和语法,包括标点符号的进行检查。
通过以上步骤和方法,一篇summary也就此完成了。
summary写作是在英国留学生论文中是很常见的形式,主要是通过阅读参考文献,吸收相关资料在写作结构与语言方面的特征,结合作者论文的相关研究问题和观点,形成的一篇内容和结构相一致,并且语言简洁的短文。
另外,英国大学教育除了专业知识的传授外,还会对学生的综合学历能力进行培养,这其中就包括阅读和整理参考文献,对研究问题的重点掌握的能力。学生根据某研究问题,通过大量的参考资料进行阅读和总结概括有利于提高学生的学习研究能力的。
G. 英语写作技巧是什么
环球教育小编今天和大家分享英语写作中常用的45个万能短语,一起来看。
1、 account of… 因为…,由于… 2、account for… 说明…的原因
3、on the basis of… 根据…,在…的基础上
4、in any case无论如何,总之
5、in case of… 假使…,万一… 6、in no case决不
7、make sense讲得通,有意义 8、a great/good deal of大量(修饰不可数名词) 9、influence on影响
10、reply to…回答…,答复… 11、once upon a time从前
12、once in a while偶尔,有时
13、refer to…参考…,查阅…,涉及…,提到… 14、depend on…取决于…
15、devote to… 奉献…,致力于… 16、insist on…坚持…
17、look forward to… 盼望…,期待… 18、have something to do with…和…有点关系 19、have nothing to do with…和…毫无关系 20、be fed up with…对…感到厌烦 21、in detail详细地说 22、be accustomed to习惯于 23、be aware of…意识到… 24、be characterized by…以…为特征 25、be composed of…由…组成
26、be concerned about…关心…,挂念… 27、be determined to do something决心做… 28、be equal to…等于… 29、be identified as…被认为是…
30、be satisfied with对……满意,满足于…
31、as far as somebody be concerned 就...而言
32、as to… 至于…,关于…
33、be beneficial to… 有利于…,有益于… 34、adapt oneself to…=adjust oneself to…使自己适应于…
35、attribute…to…把…归因于…,认为…是…的结果 36、concentrate on…集中注意力于… 37、on the contrary与之相反 38、in detail详细地 39、deprive somebody of something剥夺某人某物 40、in essence本质上 41、inform somebody of something通知某人某事 42、major in主修…
43、in favor of… 有利于…,赞成…,支持…
44、in consequence因此,结果
45、in conclusion最后,总之