Ⅰ 初三英语阅读短文完成表格求解答!!!
略
read fast
see several words at a fixation
get the main points
study a science lesson or a history lesson
Careful reading
read direction
Rapid reading
read storied for enjoyment
what you are reading and for what purpose
Ⅱ 初三英语阅读。
The 6. purpose(meaning) of Tourism
In the past People traveled to foreign countries to see buildings, food and dresses which were different from those of
7.their own country's.
At present 1. The large cities in different countries look almost 8.the same
2. People travel to foreign countries to learn their 9.History to visit beautiful places and 10.Museums
Ⅲ 初三英语阅读训练哪本书好
《星火英语》阅读完形训练(中考版)
Ⅳ 初三英语 阅读理解10篇(附答案)
去街上买,网上搜,这里什么都上传不了。只能回答问题。
Ⅳ 初三阶段如何提高英语阅读的几点思考
白莲中学陈云接过几年初三英语,深知阅读对提高英语有着非常的意义,它直接影响学生的写作水平,要写出地道的英文,得先从阅读入手,而且阅读理解题在中考试题中所占的比分最重,且要求越来越高,对我历届学生的理解,不少视其为畏途,连平时成绩中等以上的学生,阅读理解也常做得不尽如人意。 所以,如何改变学生的这种状况,提高学生的阅读能力一直是我思考的问题。培养学生的阅读能力不仅仅让学生学会英语的语言知识,获取文章提供的信息,领悟文章的内涵,更重要的是要使学生掌握阅读的方法和技能,真正成为有阅读能力的人。然而,阅读能力的培养和提高不是一朝一夕就能完成的,它需要经过长期的努力,需要教师的精心指导和学生勤奋的训练,从而逐渐形成能力。在此过程中,课内精读和课外泛读都很重要。只强调精读课本,不进行课外泛读,就无法扩大知识面,无法提高阅读速度,就只能是逐词逐句爬行式的阅读;而不重视精读课本,一味强调课外泛读,势必造成基础不实,对所读材料理解不透的后果。因此,必须在精读课文的基础上,进行一定量的课外泛读。这里我把这几年摸索出的几点浅薄想法与大家探讨一下: 一.重视课文教学,抓好精读,打好语言基础 新目标英语九年级每单元的两篇3a文章均属于精读文章。要想培养学生的阅读能力,就一定要打好基础,俗话说万丈高楼平地起,没有坚实的基础,就谈不上培养和提高能力。扩充学生单词量,培养他们的语感得立足于课堂,重视课文教学,抓好精读,同时要求学生多背课文。古人云:读书百遍,其义自见,又曰:成诵于口,烂熟于胸,也正是对以读促悟,领会文意的深刻认识。教材是培养学生阅读能力的主要材料。课文教学的成败,直接影响学生阅读能力的培养和提高。我在教学中着重抓了下列几个方面: 1 .要求学生课前预习。我认为这是培养学生自学能力的重要手段之一。通过预习,学生可以运用已有知识和技能,初步了解教材的内容,发现疑难问题,学生带着问题上课,就可以使自己的学习更具针对性,也便于教师集中力量解决重点难点问题。有时教师可以在课前,印发一些与课文有关的练习题,同时布置学生通过查词典、讨论等解决生词、词组,扫清阅读障碍,浏览全文,找出各自然段的主题句,划出语言难点,并做完老师布置的预习题。这样,教师就可以节省讲解时间,更加有效地组织教学。 2 .以培养能力为目标,坚持进行整体教学。新目标九年级教材里的每单元Selfcheck 里的Reading 都是提高学生泛读的好材料。 我认为,课文不仅仅只是语法知识、语言结构和词汇的糅合,且是围绕着某一主题,某些内容或情节而进行的综合运用。因此,课文应作为一个整体来教,应该在学生了解文章内容要旨的基础上进行语言操练。在课文教学中,我坚持从整体入手,先让学生通过预习来了解全文的内容大意,再通过做理解习题来检查预习效果。这样可以使学生养成一开始阅读就努力寻找文章要旨的习惯,训练学生根据关键词语捕捉文章大意的能力。即使在分析句子时,我仍强调词不离句、句不离文,不仅注意句子的表达层意义,更要注意到句子的深层意义,注意句子同文章内容及主题的内在联系。 3.同时要注意培养语感。所谓语感是指人们对语言中词语搭配及句型结构的熟练程度。语感好的人,理解力就强,视读的速度就快。阅读时要留心词语的搭配,即惯用法。必要时可用笔划一划或记下来。读完每一篇文章,都应总结归纳一下,积累了多少单词,惯用法和句型,这样语感自然就会好起来。 读完一篇文章后,要回味一番对文章的段落结构,中心思想,人物事件,论点论据要做到心中有数。对不清楚的地方可以再看几次。要留心关键词句,注意弦外之音。对文章的评价分析,一定要坚持词不离句,句不离篇,要理解文章作者的原意,而不能按自己的意愿去想当然。切记:一想当然,就会出错。如果文章太长,学生可以先把文章后面的问题看一遍,带着问题去看文章。这样可以帮助去掉杂念,提高阅读速度和解题的正确性。要善于找关键句,特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句话,往往就是关键句,可以帮助他们掌握文章的全貌,理解文章的主题。此外,还应该细读文章,因为有时的习题是考细节。可以边读边用铅笔做点标记,把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、原因即五个W划出来。凡逢人物就圈起来,看完一数,有几个圈就是几个人,一目了然。 二 、设阅读技巧训练课或限时阅读训练课 为了加强阅读教学,我每周用一或两节课进行阅读技巧训练。其目的就是指导学生掌握阅读方法和技巧,培训学生良好的阅读习惯,通过限制时间进行阅读或逐步增加阅读量来提高阅读速度。在阅读技巧训练课中,我注意抓好以下几个问题: 1.阅读材料的选用要尽量做到题材广泛,内容丰富、趣味性强,生词量一般在3%左右。我们平时在网上下载了大量的阅读材料,然后加工整理,编成两套系列训练题,一套精选的作为课堂限时训练用,另外一套作为作业课后泛读,效果很好。 2.重视培养学生好的阅读习惯,及时地、不断地纠正学生中存在的陋习。阅读习惯的好坏直接影响着阅读的效率。然而好的阅读习惯并非一下子就能养成,大部分学生要靠老师正确的指导,在阅读实践过程中逐步培养。因此,每次进行阅读训练,我都向学生提出一些具体的要求。例如:① 阅读时不要出声,要默读。默读是通过视觉器官直接感知文字符号,速度要比出声的阅读快得多。② 不要逐词读,而要以意群或句子为单位。逐词阅读会把注意力过多地放在单词上,不仅影响阅读速度,而且往往不容易抓住文章的中心大意。③ 养成根据上下文猜测生词词义的习惯,不要一见生词就查词典,在不影响理解全文的地方,要学会舍弃,只有这样,才能保持阅读兴趣。 三 、积极指导学生进行课外泛读 培养学生的阅读理解能力,必须做到课内外相结合。进行课外泛读,不仅可以使学生巩固所学的语言基础知识和阅读技能,而且还能使学生熟悉各种文章体裁和风格,开拓视野和知识面,提高他们对各种文章的适应力,同时还可以提高他们的阅读兴趣。 课外阅读是学生自己阅读,但这并不等于我放手不管。每周都定期检查他们的阅读情况,让他们报告阅读篇数。持之以恒,冰冻三尺,非一日之寒,只要坚持练习,不断总结经验,就一定能提高英语的阅读能力。平时还适时给学生布置写作任务,让他们输入的同时用自己的经历和想法适当的输出,
Ⅵ 初三英语阅读
详细答案咨询我
Ⅶ 初三英语阅读题三篇,要答案,越短越好,一定要短
Mr. Lee was in bed and was trying to go to sleep when he heard the bell ring. He turned on the light and looked at his clock. It was twelve o'clock. "Who can it be at this time of night?" He thought. He decided to go and find out. So he got of bed, put on his dressing gown (浴袍) and went to the door. When he opened the door, there was nobody there. "That is very strange." Then he went back to his bedroom, took off his dressing gown, got back into bed ,turned off the light and tried to go to sleep.
few minutes later he heard the bell again. Mr. Lee jumped out of bed very quickly and rushed to the door. He opened it, but again he found no one there. He closed the door and tried not to feel angry. Then he saw a piece of paper on the floor. He picked it up. There were some words on it : "It is now after midnight(午夜), so it is April Fool's Day (禺人节) . April fool to you!"
"Oh , it was the English boy next door!" Mr. Lee exclaimed (惊叫) and almost smiled. He went back to bed and feel asleep at once. The bell did not ring again.
1. When did Mr. Lee go to bed?
He went to bed _______.
A. before twelve o'clock B. after twelve o'clock
C. when the bell rang D. when he saw the boy
2. Why did he rush to the door when he heard the bell ring the second time?
A. He wanted to open the door for the visitor
B. He wanted to find out who the visitor was.
C. He was afraid of the ring
D. He was waiting for someone.
3. From this passage, we learn that we can _______ on April Fool's Day.
A. say "Hello" to each other B. dance and sing at night
C. play jokes on each other D. send pressents to children
4. What did Mr. Lee think about the English boy?
He thought he _________.
A. was a good boy B. was friendly with him
C. shouldn't ring the bell at midnight D. did a dangerous thing just now
答案及解析:
1.A.此题是一道细节题,文章第一自然段的前三个句子就告诉了此题的答案。
2.B.文中有这样的句子"Who can it be at this time of night?",此句说明Mr. Lee 很想知道是谁在午夜时来敲门。
3.C.此题是一道常识题,因为大家都知道在愚人节这天,人们可相互开玩笑。
4.B.英国男孩和Mr. Lee开玩笑,说明他把Mr. Lee看成朋友,所以答案是B。
In England recently three foreign gentlemen came to a bus stop and waited . About five minutes later, the bus they wanted came along. They were just going to get on when suddenly there was a loud noise behind them. People rushed onto the bus and tried to push them out of the way . Someone shouted at them. The bus conctor came rushing down the stairs to see what all the trouble was about. The three foreigners seem all at sea and looked embarrassed (窘迫的 . No one had told them about the British custom (习惯)of lining up for a bus that the first person who arrives at the bus stop is the first person to get on the bus .
Learning the language of a country isn't enough. If you want to have a pleasant visit, find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of your host country. You will probably be surprised just how different they can be from your own. A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there consider it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table. The left hand is supposed to be used for washing yourself. Also in India, you might see a man shaking his head at another to show that he doesn't agree. But in many parts of India a shake of the head means agreement. Nodding (点头) your head when you are given a drink in Bulgaria will most probably leave you thirsty .
In that country, you shake your head to mean 'yes'- a nod means 'no' . At a meal in countries on the Arabic Peninsula, you will find that your glass is repeated refilled as soon as you drink up . If you think that you have had enough , you should take the cup or glasses in your hand and give it a little shake from side to side or place your hand over the top.
In Europe it quite usual to cross your legs when you are sitting talking to someone even at an important meeting. Doing this in Thailand, however, could bring about trouble . Also, you should try to avoid (避免)touching the head of an alt (成人) --it's just not done in Thailand .
1. The British people tried to push the three gentlemen out of the way, because the gentlemen _________ .
A. were foreigners B. didn't have tickets
C. made a loud noise D. didn't line up for the bus
2. According to the article, if you want to have a pleasant journey in a foreign country, you should _________.
A. learn the language of the country
B. understand the manners and customs of the country
C. have enough time and money
D. make friends with the people there
3. In India it is considered impolite ___________.
A. to use the right hand for passing food at table.
B. to pass food with the left hand.
C. to eat food with your hands.
D. to help yourself at table.
4. To cross one's legs at an important meeting in Europe is _______.
A. a common (平常的) habit
B. an important manner
C. a serious (严重的) trouble
D. a bad manner
5. The best title (题目) for this article is ________.
A. People's Everyday Life
B. Mind Your Manners
C. Shaking and Nodding Head
D. Taking a Bus in England
答案及解析:
1.D。这是一道句子理解题,也可以看成细节题。在第一自然段的最后,有这样的句子: No one had told them about the British custom of lining up for a bus that the first person who arrives at a bus stop is the first person to get on the bus.从此句可知那三位先生并不知道在英国乘车的习惯,所以答案是D。
2. B。这是一道细节题。答案在第二自然段的第二个句子。
3.B。同第二题一样,此题也是细节题。可在第二自然段直接找到答案。
4.A。单句理解题。最后一个自然段中有说:In Europe it is quite usual to cross your legs When you are sitting talking to someone even at an important meeting.这个句子的意思是:在欧洲,开会时翘二郎腿是很常见的。这说明许多人有这样的习惯,所以答案应该是A。
5.B。通读全文就会发现,只学习一门外语是不够的,还要多了解该国的风俗习惯,否则就会遇到麻烦,所以答案是B。
Tom walked into a shop . It bad a sign outside : "Second-hand (旧的) clothes bought and sold . "He was carrying an old pair of trousers and asked the owner of the shop, "How much will you give me for these?" The man looked at them and then said: "Two dollars."
"What !" said Tom. "I had guessed they were worth at least five dollars."
"No," said the man, "they aren't worth a cent more than two dollars."
"Well," said Tom, taking two dollars out of his pocket. "Here's your money. These trousers were hanging outside your shop. The list price (标价)of them was six dollars and a half. But I thought that was too much money, so I wanted to find out how much they were really worth."
Then he walked out of the shop with the pair of trousers and disappeared before the shop owner could think of anything to say .
1. At first the owner of the shop thought that Tom __________ .
A. wanted to steal the trousers
B. wanted to sell the trousers
C. wanted to fool him
D. wanted to buy the trousers
2. The owner of the shop_______ for the old trousers .
A. would give Tom two dollars
B. would pay three dollars
C. would pay five dollars
D. would give Tom six dollars and a half
3. The shop owner insisted that the trousers were worth only two dollars because ____ .
A. he wanted to sell them cheaply (廉价地)
B. he wanted to buy them cheaply
C. he didn't like the trousers
D. they were old and dirty
4. In fact, the trousers _________.
A. were hanging inside the shop
B. were stolen by Tom from the shop
C. had been the shop owner's
D. had been Tom's
5. From the story we know that _________ cheaper than the list price.
A. the owner sold the trousers two dollars
B. Tom sold the trousers one dollar and a half
C. the owner bought the trousers three dollars
D. Tom bought the trousers four dollars and a half
答案及解析:
1.B.Tom拿着一条裤子并且问:"How much will you give me for these?"店主所以认为Tom是来卖裤子的,故答案是B。
2.A.此题是细节题,可在第一自然段的末尾找到答案。
3.B.店主当然想便宜地把裤子买下来。
4.C.从短文的倒数第二段可以了解到,裤子不是Tom的而是店主的。
5.D.裤子的标价是6.5美元,而Tom只给了店主2美元,所以答案应该是D。
Ⅷ 初三英语阅读5篇,要答案,越短越好
A)
In the world ,soccer of football is the most popular sport. This is because many countries have wonderful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup is held every four years.
To remember 2002 FIFA World Cup ,children from different countries and more than 60 children from Japanese schools came together and spent three weekends drawing a big picture called “Dream World Cups ”in Japan .The children drew animals, flowers and people playing soccer under a blue bright sky. They wished each football team good luck by drawing the flags of all the countries that will take part in the World Cup in Japan and South Korea.The picture was put up in a park near a playground in Yokohama .Some football teams will have games there.
Are you a football fan?The World Cup makes more and more people interested in football. Teenagers like playing and watching football .Many of them love some football stars so much that they get the pictures of their favourite players on the walls of their rooms. That is the way to show their love for the World Cup as children in Japan.
1. If a country wants to take part in the World Cup ,she must have______.
A. Many football fans B. a very good team C. many football player D. a big playground
2. The next World Cup will be held in_______.
A. 2006 B. 2007 C. 2005 D. 2004
3. From the passage ,in the picture children drew many things except_________.
A. people playing football B. pictures of some football stars C. a sunny sky D. flowers
4. In “Dream World Cup”,the children drew the flags of some countries______. </P< p>
A. to show their love for their owe country
B. to tell the people their stories
C. to show their good wishes for the football teams
D. to show their new ideas about football
5.Many teenagers owe the pictures of some football stars because______.
A. they are interested in football B. they are football fans
C. they think their favourite players are great D. all of A,B and C (B)
In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera .He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden .That was the first photo.
The next important date in the history of photography (摄影术) was in 1837. That year, Daguere, another Frenchman ,took a picture of his reading room .He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly ,even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.
Soon, other people began to use Daguerre‟s way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world .people took picture of famous buildings, cities and mountains.
In about 1840, photography was developed .Then photographers could take picture of people and moving things .That was not simple .The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines. But this did not stop them ,for example, some in the United States worked so hard.
Mathew Brady was a famous American photographers. He took many pictures of great people .The pictures were unusual because they were very lifelike.
Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century .Some photos were not just copies of the real world. They showed the author's ideas and feelings, like other kind of art.
6. The first photo taken by Nieple was a picture of _________. A. his business B. his house C. his garden D. his window 7. The Daguerrotype was____________.
A. a Frenchman B. a kind of picture C. a kind of camera D. a photographer 8. If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840j, he had to__________.
A. watch lots of films B. buy an expensive camera
C. stop in most cities D. take many films and something else with him. 9. Mathew Brady______________.
A. was very lifelike B. was famous for his unusual pictures C. was quite strong D. took many pictures of moving people 10. This passage tells us_____________.
A. how photography was developed B how to show your ideas and feelings in pictures C. how to take pictures in the world D. how to use different cameras
(C)
Americans with small families own a small car or a large one. If both parents are working, they usually have two cars. When the family is large, one of the cars is sold and they will buy a van(住房汽车)
A small car can hold(容纳)four persons and a large car can hold six persons but it is very crowded(拥挤). A van hold seven persons easily, so a family three children could ask their grandparents to go on a holiday travel They could all travel together.
Mr.Hagen and his wife had a third child last year. This made them sell a second car and bus a van. Their children sixth and seventh seat are used to put other things, for a family of five must carry many suitcases(衣箱)when they travel. When they arrive at their grandparents‟ home , the suitcases are brought into the two seats can then carry the grandparents.
Americans call vans motor homes. A motor home is always used for holidays. When a family are traveling to the mountains or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or weeks. All the members of a big family can enjoy a happier life when they are traveling together. That is why motor homes have become very popular. In America there are many parks for motor homes.
11. From the passage, a van is also called ____________.
A. a motor car B. a motor home C. a motorbike D. a big truck
12. Before Mr. Hagen and his wife bought a van, they__________.
A. sold their old house B. moved to their grandparents‟ house
C. built a new place for a van D. sold their second car
13. A motor home is usually owned by a family with__________.
A. a baby B. much money C. more than two children D. interest in vans
14. Americans usually use motor homer____________.
A. to travel with all the family members of holiday
B. to do some shopping with all the family members
C. to visit their grandparents at weekends
D. to drive their children to school every day
15. Motor homes have become popular because___________.
A. they can take people to another city when people are free
B. they can let families have a happier life when they go out for their holidays
C. some people think motor homes are cheap
D. big families can put more things in motor homes (D)
Surtsey was born in 1963.Scientists saw the birth of this island. It began at 7.30 a.m. on 14th November. A fishing boat was near Iceland. The boat moved under the captain's(船长)feet. He noticed a strange smell. He saw some black smoke. A volcano(火山)was breaking out. Red-hot rocks, fire and smoke were rushing up from the bottom(底部)of the sea. The island grew quickly. It was 10 meters high the next day and 60 meters high on 18th November. Scientists flew there to watch. It was exciting. Smoke and fire were still rushing up. Pieces of red-hot rock were flying into the air and falling into the sea. The sea was boiling and there was a strange light in the sky. Surtsey grew and grew. Then it stopped in June 1967.It was 175 meters high and 2 kilometers long. And life was already coming to Surtsey. Plants grew. Birds came. Some scientists built a house. They want to learn about this young island. A new island is like a new world.
16. Surtsey is ______.
A. an island not far from Iceland B. a new volcano
C. a fishing boat D. a place in Iceland
17. Scientists flew there ______.
A. to watch the birth of the island B. to save the fishing boat
C. to learn about the island D. to build a house
18. When did scientist fly there to watch?
A. Before the volcano broke out. B. As soon as the volcano broke out.
C. About four days after the volcano broke out. D. After the volcano stopped rushing up.
(E)
On Nov.18th,1908,three men went up in a balloon. They started early in London. The headman was Augusta Gaudron, and the other two men were Tannar and Maitland. They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way.
Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope, and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So they were able to change its weight. It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand.
After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 metres, and the air was very cold. The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the men's basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. The men tried to throw out some more sand; but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.
At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so they climbed to get away from the snow. They rose to 5,100 metres! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Poland heavily but safely. They had travelled 1,797 kilometers from London!
21. Three men flew in balloon ________.
A. for nearly 1,800 kilometers B. to another city
C. to visit Poland D. more than a century ago
22. The metal box was used for ________.
A. carrying the bags of sand„ ‟ B. keeping drinking-water
C. carrying ropes of the basket D. changing weight
23. When the balloon went up higher, ________.
A. the temperature of the balloon began to fall B. They saw the sun go down
C. They made a hole in the basket with their knives
D. They could see a black hole on the ground
答案:
1. 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D 6. C 7.B 8.D 9.B 10. A 11.B 12.D 13. C 14.A 15. B 16.A 17.A 18.C21.A 22.D 23.A
Ⅸ 求一个初三新学期一个具体的计划要针对英语
具体的学习计划要根据自己的实际情况来制定,只能给你一个大概的步骤,你可以根据自己的情况,薄弱点,有侧重的去复习、提升。
第一:词汇。词汇是英语的基础,要多记多背,记忆单词的方法有很多种,图像记忆、联想记忆、声音记忆等,你也可以在阅读中记忆单词,主要是找到适合你的,效率高的方式,既不乏味也记得牢。
第二:听力。要想练好听力,首先,要选择适当的语音材料:①所选语音材料必须地道、原汁原味;②所选语音材料应尽可能包罗万象,涵盖不同领域、不同话题,既要有正式用语,又要有日常会话;③材料应从简单的入手,逐渐增加难度。
其次,听得方法:①利用零碎时间,这种听法要求你连贯地、不重复地听取大量语音材料,不需要听懂每一句话,只需听个大概就行。②抽出一段专门的时间,集中精力全神贯注地去听。这种听法不要求你听太多的内容,但务必要听懂每一句话,把握每一个细节。
第三:提高英语阅读理解能力。阅读在考试中也是比较重要的一部分,英语阅读理解最好能做到每天至少练习一篇。
注意:在阅读中不要每遇到一个生词,就急着去查,试试看能不能通过上下文大概了解他的意思。
阅读技巧:
1.先看一遍问题,了解他要问的是什么。
2.通读全文,重点注意问题出现的地方。
3.精读全文,仔细阅读重要段落,联系前后,找出问题的答案。
4.检查。将答案放入文章中,检查一遍是否合理。
第四:英语写作。写作是一个综合的东西,单词、语法、阅读都是基础,有了前面的积淀,平时再多加练习,写作就不是问题了。时间允许的话可以一天写一篇,最糟糕也要一周练习一篇。可以写今天的心情、有什么开心的事或者烦心的事、遇到的难题或者收到的惊喜等都可以,可以当成日记来写,也不用强调一定要写满多少字。
注意:一定要用英文写哦。
第五:运用。学了英语就是要用,可以和小伙伴一起多用用英文交流,把英语运用的实际场景中区,既加深了记忆,还锻炼了开口能力。而且和小伙伴互动,也能形成一个良心竞争,增强英语学习的趣味性。