㈠ 初中生记叙文写作素材
你要几个，我那儿有四十多个，先给你两个吧。
1、 相信
两位情同手足的好朋友。有一次，他们在阳光下各持一把剑练习着。这时，其中一个人开玩笑说：“我要把你一刀砍成两半！”另一个很有信心且毫不在意地说：“好呀！试试看。”结果，血溅一地。阳光下，一对好友，瞬间成为仇敌。原来的好朋友，在友谊的阳光下，一个深信对方不会下手，另一个则确信他会避开……可最后，他们都错了。相信他人，可是该信什么呢？怀疑一切，同样是可怕的。
2、 祷告的手
大约1940年，丢勒和奈斯丁是一对好朋友，都是在奋斗中的画家。由于贫穷，他们必须半工半读才能够继续学业。可因为工作占去他们许多时间，两人的画艺进步很慢。困惑了良久，两个人想出一个办法，决定，一个人工作来支持彼此的生活费，另一个人则全心学习艺术。丢勒赢了，得以继续学习。而奈斯丁则辛勤工作，供应两个人的生活所需。几年后，丢勒成功了，他按照两人当初的约定找到奈斯丁，履行支持奈斯丁学习的协议。可他发现，为了支持自己而辛勤工作，奈斯丁那双原本优美敏感的双手的手指已经僵硬扭曲，遭到终生的损坏，不能灵敏地操作画笔了。丢勒心痛如绞。这天，丢勒去拜访奈斯丁，发现奈斯丁正合着双手，跪在地上，安静而诚挚地为他的成功祷告。艺术家双眼潮湿，将朋友那双祷告的手画了下来。这幅画成为举世闻名的《祷告的手》。其实，在我们每一个人的背后，其实都有着一双，或者更多双这样的手，值得我们铭记。比如：慈母渐渐霜白的头发，父亲渐渐佝偻的躯干，爱人日渐增皱纹的面颊。
㈡ 急用经典的初中英语的记叙文的开头
以人称开头，比如I...后面接做了什么事
或者以时间开头，如last night....后面接发生了什么事。
或者记述别人的，一般都是直接开头咯，比如my mother后面接关于她的事情
㈢ 大家好！我是一名初二的学生，我的语文（包括作文、阅读理解）特别差，请问怎么能提高
你好，很多初来中生都自存在语文成绩不好的现象，我曾经也碰到一个语文成绩很差的学生，但是你也不要太担心，掌握一定的方法，抓好基础还是可以提高成绩的。
语文的特点主要有三： 一是开放性。语文的外延和生活相等，生活的任何内容都离不开语文，只要有意识地学习，在生活的任何场合都可以学到语文。
二是情感性。“教师带着感情教，才有可能教好；学生带着感情学，才有可能学好。离开了感情因素去单纯地学知识，是导致学生对语文厌学的重要原因之一。 三是灵活性。语文学习的循序渐进、由浅入深，不是很严格的，是相对而言的。学语文不能搞自我封闭，不能机械死板地学。要把阅读与写作结合起来，把课内学习与课外学习沟通起来，把学习内容与生活感受融汇起来。四学语文还必须多读多背多写，自己不读不背不写，光听老师讲得天花乱坠，是学不好语文的。认真听讲是重要的，但自己动口动手动脑更重要。学好语文关键在于积累。
作文和阅读理解是息息相关的，因为都是基础性的工作，所以在平时的学习过程中要有意识的积累，比如读《读者》《萌芽》还有历年中考满分作文等等，只要你慢慢积累，语文成绩一定会提高的。
㈣ 初中英语记叙文，70字左右
june,3rd,i go to scholl . but the i make on bike's road ,i look my perpent ,he was wantting to old women may something,i ask you may,so do you read book? he ask may a little soon.i ask o. i look may,have eats,drinks,plays,looks,look afters,leterleter.he say me that the old women is his hometown.i ask o ! i think they are these first.end we go..
㈤ 初中英语记叙文，带中文，求助
Helping others make me happy
One day, a boy is playing football with his friends the boy’ name is Tom. Suddenly, Tom’s friend John falls over and hurts his knee. Tom is next to John, but he doesn’t help John, because Tom is very unhelpful. Tom’s mum sees Tom don’t help others, she is very angry. She wants to help her son.
Tom’s mum says to Tom: “Tom, helping others make us happy. I hope you understand it.” Tom’s face is red.
So, Tom goes to helping others. He sees some people raising money for the poor. He gives off all his money to them. The people are very happy.
Then, Tom finds a purse nearby the path .He gives it to the policeman.
When Tom goes back to home, he says to his mum: “Mum, you are right, helping others make me very happy!”
㈥ 怎么把英语对话型短文转换成记叙文（初中）
是直接引语转化为间接引语吧
一、如何变人称：
下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：
She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：
Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。
二、如何变时态：
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：
1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen
2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so.
3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：
Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：
He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：
Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。
三、如何变状语：
直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：
He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.
四、如何变句型：
①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如：
"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如：
He said, "Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：
John said, "I’m going to London with my father."
约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去。"（引号内是直接引语）
John said that he was going to London with his father.
约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）
由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况：
1． 直接引语是陈述句时
间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。
He said , "You are younger than I."-’He said (that ) I was younger than him.
2.直接引语是疑问句时
间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。
（1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。
She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers?"
→She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.
She asked me , "You have seen the film, haven’t you?"
→She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.
（2） 选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。
I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?"
→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.
(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。
He asked , "Where do you live?"
→He asked me where I lived.
3.直接引语是祈使句时
间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语（don’t 变为not ）.
The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window."→The teacher told the boy to open the window.
His father said to him , "Don’t leave the door open."→His father told him not to leave the door open.
[注意]
（1） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等动词 加以转述。例如：
He said, "Let’s go to the theatre."
→He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.
(2) "Would you mind opening the window?" he asked.
→He asked me to open the window.
"Why don’t you take a walk after supper?" he asked .
→he advised me to take a walk after supper.
"Shall we listen to the music?" he asked.
→He suggested listening to the music.
4.直接引语是感叹句时
间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。
She said, "What a lovely day it is !"
→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.
5．如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：
（1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时
（2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时
（3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时
（4） 现在完成时变为过去完成时
（5） 一般过去时变为过去完成时
（6） 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时
[注意]
（1） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun."
→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
（2） 如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：
He said to me, "I was born in 1973."
→He told me that he was born in 1973.
(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
He said, "I’m a boy, not a girl."
→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.
(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
The girl said, "I get up at six every morning."
→The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.
(5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：
He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."
→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如：
The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation."
→The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.
He said , "I could swim when I was only six ."
→He said that he could swim when he was only six.
6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化。
指示代词 this ---that
these--- those
表示时间的词 now --- then
today--- that day
this week(month ,etc) ----that week (month ,etc)
yesterday ----the day before
last week(month) --- the week(month) before
three days(a year)ago---three days(a year)before
tomorrow ----the next (following ) day
next week(month)--the next(following)week(month)
表地点的词 here --there
动词 bring -- take
come --go
㈦ 初中英文写作，写一篇短小精悍的记叙文，使用现在完成时记叙一次你在全班面前的演讲的经历，，求帮忙写，
As to take part in the speech competition, I prepared much for a month. Firstly, I asked my English teacher about her advice to my topic. Then, I searched the Internet for the material. Also, I asked for help to perfect my speech after I have finished it. At last, I recited and practised my performance before my classmates again and again.
With the competition day coming. I got more and more nervous. And myparents kept encouraging me. When I stepped on the stage. I was frightened at first. Then I saw my parents and other helping people, and then I became confident. Finally, I have got the champion. I was so happy and so gateful for the ones who had helped me
求才纳
㈧ 写初中学习生活的记叙文
在我的脑海里初中生活就如一场噩梦。作业多 功课多， 老师要求也很高尤其是我在红太阳学校的日子里，考试不及格就要抄试卷，尤其是英语老师考试不及格就抄英语试卷两遍。
初中生活太苦了，在九年级就要天天上课，晚上上课到十点。初中生活压在我们初中生的身上，如一块大石头紧紧压在我们的身上不能动。在红太阳学校的日子是我一生最苦的，红太阳学校里晚上晚俢就要写很多作业，尤其是英语老师按排的作业，很多很多。初中生就是这么坚苦，功课从三课升到七课，还要考七课试卷，太辛苦了。
初中生活就如一场世界末日，老师要求很高，考试不及格就要罚写几遍试卷，就要被铁尺打，就要罚扫地。上数学课数学老师讲的课就如心肠太黑人讲的课，上英语课只要说话或搞小动作就要被罚写很多单词还有很多句子，我们男生都讨厌，上语文课是我最喜欢的课，同学们在下面搞小动作老师也不管，是我最开心。初中生活里我们不能向那些低年级的学生那样自由自在的玩耍，初中生生活太苦了，我希望老师能给多点的时间给我们自由自在的玩耍，可不能成真，因为我们是初中生。
初中生活就像石头压在我们的身上，初中生活里我们就像一只小虫子整天被追赶，而我们只能发出伤心的叫声来，让心里舒服，我们都希望初中生活快点从我们身边消失。在红太阳学校里作业很多，疲劳也加多，不能和小伙伴一起玩耍了。需要背很多书尤其是语文的古诗和英语的单词和句子还有历史。
我们很希望能从初中生活身边逃跑，初中生活就如一把无情的刀，把我们小时候的模样给改变，让我们变成坚苦的初中生，生活也慢慢的开始苦了。好一个初中生活把我们都给打败了，但我们不会愿赌服输的。总有一天我们会让你看看我们的实力，不愿服输的实力。
㈨ 如何写好初中英语记叙文作文论文
如何写好一篇英语论文
You need some help? Some people say essays are tricky. Here are some helpful hints to make them less difficult。
你需要帮助吗？有人说，论文很难写。这里有一些有用的提示，可帮助你克服写作中的困难。
1. Take your prompt and pick it apart! Understand exactly what it is asking you to do. If it says 执行uate, then you conclude, if it says to compare or contrast then do that. Take notes!
1. 抓住主题，深刻领会！准确理解它要求你做什么。如果说是写评价，那么你就得出结论，如果说是比较或对比，那么就照此去做。务必要作好笔记！
2. Look over whatever the prompt addresses and begin to pick that apart based on what your prompt is asking for, and do not discriminate yet, take all of it. Take notes on ideas for the prompt, and mark pages in any literature you may be using。
2. 认真审核主题到底要说明什么，然后根据你的主题要求开始提炼选材，但选材不拘一格，多多益善。为主题观点做好笔记，并标记出你可能使用的任何文献的章页。
3. Look at the prompt and the information you've gathered and begin to group ideas together so you can create a working thesis. The working thesis will give your essay a focus so you don't digress in the middle of your writing。
3. 根据主题和你收集的信息，开始将观点组合在一起，这样你就可以创建一个写作大纲。写作大纲将突出你的重点，以便你在写作中不会偏离主题。
4. Continue your brain-storming and write the topic sentence for your first body paragraph. Make sure it provides a focus for your paragraph and it isn't general. Find examples from life (direct quotes, paraphrasing, etc。) or from the topic literature that you can use in your first body paragraph. Make sure it follows your working thesis, but don't actually write the paragraph yet。
4. 开动脑筋精益求精，写出第一个主体段的总起句。确保它成为你第一个主体段的重点，而不是泛泛而论。从生活中(直接引用，转述等)或同一主题文献中找到可以用在你第一个主体段的的范例。确保它与你的写作大纲一致，但先不要正式写这个段落。
5. Do the same for the other body paragraphs.
5. 依次处理其他主体段落。
6. Write your concluding statements for each paragraph. Please note that it is a CONCLUDING statement, meaning you need to bluntly say what point you are trying to make and lead it into your next body paragraph。
6. 写出每个段落的总结性语句。请注意，这是总结语句，也就是说你要直截了当地说明你想阐述的观点，并将其引入下一个主体段。
7. Brain-storm for your introctory paragraph. Start by either addressing a theme or a topic you've researched that is relevant to your essay. Now look at your working thesis. What parts of it look like a summary? Take those out and put them into your intro. Look at your working thesis again. You need a fact or some sort of event which is relevant to your topic, to put into that thesis. Paraphrase it, and add in whatever point you are trying to make to it。
7. 仔细斟酌你的引言段落。开始可先确定一个与论文相关的研究主题或标题。现在看看你的写作大纲。它的哪些部分看起来像总结？把这些部分提出放入你的引言。再看你的写作大纲。你需要找到与你主题相关需加入论文的某个事实或事件。加以解述，并添加你想证明的观点。
8. Read whatever notes you took for your body paragraphs and look at your thesis for your concluding paragraph. You need to reiterate all the points you make in your body paragraph and relate them briefly to your thesis to show how they are all connected。
8. 读一读你为主体段落所做的笔记，并审看一下你总结性段落的主旨。你需要重申在你在主体段中提出的所有观点，将其与你的论文简洁联系起来，以说明它们之间是何种关系。
9. Write. This is the easiest part after you've outlined it all already。
9. 写下来。当你列出所有这些主线，写作就是轻而易举的事情。
10. Look for grammatical mistakes. Look it over today, and see if you can pick anything out that is really obvious。
10. 寻找语法错误。当天过一遍目，看看你是否能挑出什么特别明显的错误。
11. Look at your essay once again on the next day and fix it. Redact it. Make sure it is grammatically perfect. Read it out loud to see if anything sounds awkward, and fix it。
11. 第二天再看一遍论文，并作修改。校订论文。确保它在语法上无懈可击。大声地朗读，看看有没有什么听起来格外别扭的地方，并加以修改。
tips:提示：
Make sure your writing is logical. Don't just throw ideas together and hope they make sense。确保你的写作合乎逻辑。不能只是将观点罗列在一起，指望他们自行说明意义。
Don't worry too much about grammatical mistakes, or synonyms for words you have just used in the sentence before. Just underline or highlight it and then go over it in your second draft. The important thing is to get it all down in the first place。
不必过于担心语法错误，或担心你刚用在前句中的同义词。只要用下划线或高亮将其突出显示出来，然后在第二稿中仔细推敲。最重要的是先把写作完成。
If you don't need the internet, disconnect! Nothing is more distracting than the internet when you're typing up your essay and are feeling extremely bored。
如果你不需要互联网，那就断开！当你正在键入文章并倍感无聊时，没有什么比互联网更让人分心的啦。
Have a thesaurus
and a dictionary handy at all times, especially if you have the habit of using words whose meanings you are not completely sure of。
手头要始终有一个同义词词典和一本字典，尤其是如果你习惯于使用你不能完全确定含义的字词。
㈩ 小学六年级，数学英语一般满分可是语文总是八十多，想考好初中，语文阅读题不好，怎么办
一、 精读
精读是学生通过教材上的阅读材料学习词汇和句法，从而提高理解能力。。对于小学高年级学生来说，语言知识与阅读时间都是有限的。因此，除了布置相适应的阅读任务以外，在课堂上适度的精读指导是相当有意义的，教师必须引导学生仔细观察语言，掌握必需的篇章知识，弄清语言各层次之间的制约关系，有效推理。。
二 、泛读
泛读，顾名思义，泛既是广的意思，其宗旨就是让学生进行大量广泛地阅读。要提高学生的阅读能力，首先应使学生具有一定的阅读量。只有具备了一定的阅读量，学生才能建立起语感，才能使阅读上一个台阶。阅读以理解为目的，推理是理解的核心，要培养学生正确理解语篇的能力。孩子在家庭阅读时，父母应经常关注孩子的阅读情况，让他谈谈书的内容或对书的评价，避免盲读。
三 、答题
阅读能力培养的最终目的是答题时取得最大的正确率，所以教师要正确培养和提高学生的答题能力，教学生掌握必要的答题技巧
1、第一遍读文章时不要做题，第二遍阅读时再做题。
2、遇到生词不要急，试题中一旦出现生词，一般会注上中文词义，如果没有注出词义，那么应该这样处理：
① 利用构词法知识猜测词义
② 一般的人名和地名可以不知道它的写法
③ 有些名词要根据上下文意思来猜测其意义
④ 有的生词是故意不注意的，是要在题目当中出现的，学生要根据上下文指出表达该词在文中意义的选项
3、弄清问题
有的问题是根据文中的句子设计的，可以从文中一句找到正确的答案
有的问题是根据文中的一段话设计的，因此可以从文中的某一段找到正确的答案
③有的有的问题是根据整篇文章设计的，要求学生认真弄懂全文意思，根据文中提供的线索或信息进行逻辑推理。
4、采用排除法
①与文中事实相反的选项
②文中完全没有谈到的内容的选项
③不合情理或荒谬的选项
④间接或次要的选项
良好习惯的培养
1、养成熟读精思的习惯 2、养成“博闻强记”，多背诵积累的习惯 3、养成“不动笔墨不看书”的阅读习惯 4、养成读书和写作相伴的习惯
语文解题方法归纳
一、表达方式:记叙、描写、抒情、说明、议论
二、表现手法：象征、对比、烘托、设置悬念、前后呼应、欲扬先抑、托物言志、借物抒情、联想、想象、衬托（正衬、反衬）
三、修辞手法：比喻、拟人、夸张、排比、对比、对偶、引用、设问、反问、反复、反语、互文、借代
四、记叙文六要素：时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过、结果
五、记叙顺序：顺叙、倒叙、插叙
六、描写角度：正面描写、测名描写
七、描写景物的方法：动静结合（以动写静）、由远到近（或由近到远）、概括与具体相结合
八、描写景物的角度：视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉
九、描写景物的方法：语言、动作、神态、心理、外貌
十、描写（或抒情）方式：正面（又叫直接）描写、反面（又叫间接）描写
十一、叙述方式：概括叙述、细节描写
十二、说明顺序：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序
十三、说明方法：举例子、打比方、列数字、作比较、下定义、分类别、作诠释、摹状貌、引用
十四、小说情节四部分：开端、发展、高潮、结局
十五、小说三要素：人物形象、故事情节、具体环境
十六、环境描写分为：自然环境、社会环境
十七、议论文三要素：论点、论据、论证
十八、论据分类为：事实论据、道理论据
十九、论证方法：举例（或事实）论证、道理论证（有时也叫引用论证）、对比（或正反对比）论证、比喻论证
二十、论证方式：立论、驳论（可反驳论点、论据、论证）
二十一、议论文的文章结构：总分总、总分、分总（分的部分常常有并列式、递进式）
二十二、引号的作用：引用、强调、特定称谓、否定、讽刺、反语
二十三、破折号用法:提示、注释、总结、递进、话题转换、插话
二十四、其他
（一）某句话在文中的作用：
1、文首：开篇点题、渲染气氛（记叙文、小说）、埋下伏笔（记叙文、小说）、设置悬念（小说）、为下文做铺垫、总领下文
2、文中：承上启下、总结上文、总领下文
3、文末：点明中心（记叙文、小说）、深化主题（记叙文、小说）照应开头（议论文、记叙文小说）
（二）修辞手法的作用：（1）它本身的作用。（2）结合句子语境
1、比喻、拟人：生动形象
答题格式：生动形象地写出了 ＋ 对象 ＋ 特性
2、排比:有气势、加强语气、一气呵成等
答题格式：强调了 ＋ 对象 ＋ 特性
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