❶ 人教版英語九年級語法總結
呵呵 希望對你有所幫助 祝樓主進步哈
spend,cost,,pay,take:spend on sth;spend in dong;sth cost ab money
注意:cost的三種形式都是cost;It take ab+時間+to do;pay ab money for
區分the other,another,other, others,the others the other:兩者范圍內特指另一個;another:三者或三者以上的人或事物中任意的另一個;other:後接復數名詞,意為其他的;others:others=other+復數名詞,可用some any all修飾
Have to意為不得不 very意可為真正的 stay意為保持某種狀態,可與keep互換
Besides意為除...之外(還有) except意為除...以外(不包括在內)
Instead放在句末 instead of後面為ing形式
In...way以什麼方式 some...some....others意為一些...一些...另一些....
Make ab do-使某人做某事 make ab adj-使某人怎樣 make ab n-使某人成為
Lead/have/live a......adj+life
可以修飾比較級的詞:far,much,even,still,a lot,a little
Used to do-過去常常做某事 be used to doing-習慣做某事
Regard as後面可接名詞和形容詞
By accident-偶然地,小心地 by mistake 錯誤地
英語里常用「數字-名詞」或「數字-名詞 形容詞」 ps:一個七歲的男孩:7-year-old boy
Miss doing-錯過做某事 miss還有「想念」的意思
Be upset(about)對...感到不安
Express-表達 片語:express one's feelings-表達某人感情;express one's thought-表達某人想法;express one's idea-表達某人主意
Go on可以為「事件發生」ps:It seem that the player will go on好像戲劇要開始了;go on doing sth-繼續做某事(不停地做某一件事);go on with sth-繼續做某事(停下來之後繼續做某件事);go on to do sth-繼續做某事(做完一件事,繼續做另一件事)
Keep on doing-一直做某事;keep sb doing-使某人一直做某事;keep sth+adj使某人保持某種狀態
adj enough not to do-足夠...不去做 not adj enough to do-不足夠...去做
Advice-忠告(不可數名詞)片語:a piece of advice-一條意見;ask for one's advice about-徵求某人對...的忠告;against one's advice about-違背某人忠告;by doctor's advice-遵照醫囑;some advice about-一些關於...的勸告
Suggestion-意見,建議;片語:adopt a suggestion-採納建議;by one's suggestion-根據某人建議。Suggestion的動詞形式是suggest,用法:suggest doing。Opinion與suggestion相似,但不如suggestion正是,比advice客氣,片語:in one's opinion
Plenty of-很多,可修飾可數或不可數名詞,多用於肯定句中;a number of-許多,相當於many,修飾可數名詞,注意:the number of-...的數量;an amount of-大量的,多用於不可數名詞,amount前可用large,small等修飾程度;a lot of/lots of-很多,可用於修飾可數或不可數名詞
So that-以便,為了;so...that...-如此...以至於
Focus on-致力於... Aim to do-目的在於做... Apply for-申請 in the case of-...的情形下
Further和farther都是far的比較級,farther表示具體距離的遠近,further表示抽象概念
LAST:The last-最後 at last-終於 last day-上一天 last for-持續;final-最終的決勝的;決賽,最終考試;at last=finally
Hurt用於有生命的東西;damage用於無生命的東西對其價值和功能的損壞,破壞程度較小;injure與hurt相近,只是更正式,用於天災或事故中;destroy很粗魯的手段使之毀滅,很難修復
Good:人品好,質量好,向別人問好;well:身體好,或作副詞;nice:帶有感情色彩,外觀好,待人感情好;excellent-極好的,語氣最強
Be busy doing=be busy with=忙於做某事
Beneath-在..之下(緊貼之下) under-在...下方(垂直向下) over-在...上方(垂直向上) below-在...之下(位置低於),可用於表示數目低於,其反義詞為above
Until-直到...為止;not...until-直到...才
Although=though=雖然,盡管;although較為正式,用於句首;though更通俗常用;只要用了although或though就不能用but,and,or等連詞
Such as-例如,後面接單詞或片語;for example常用逗號分開,後面常根句子
Be(後省略)concerned about-關心;difficult to和...不同;be proud of為...自豪
curious about認真;free for免費;afraid of害怕;serious about嚴肅;
unaware of沒注意;strict with嚴格;responsible for...的責任;useful for對...有用; equal to對...公平;famous for對...出名;aware of直到;grateful to對...感激;careful of小心;tired of對..感到疲累
with、in都是介詞,in用於衣服的顏色;with多指穿「戴眼鏡,帽子」,或是衣服上的裝飾;put on-穿上、戴上,強調動作;wear強調穿著的狀態;dress意為「給某人穿衣服」
Join表示加入黨派,社會團體,表示成為其中一員;join in表示參加某項正在進行的活動,片語:join in sth /join sb in doing-參加某人的活動;take part in參加運動會、會議或工作,參加群眾性活動起一份作用;attend參加會議,主要以觀眾或聽眾的身份寫
Family-家庭成員 house-房屋 home-家鄉 room-房間
One可以做不定代詞,代替前面提過的人或物(單數),如果是復數則是ones
Present-上演、演出,作形容詞時意為「在場的、目前的」,作名詞時意為「目前,禮物」
Find out-發現、查出,可指找到無形的東西;find-找到,通常指尋找的結果,有偶然發現的意思
In trouble-遇到麻煩;in pain-疼痛;in love-在戀愛中。In意為「在某種狀態中」
Listen to-聽某人做某事(做完) listen doing-聽某人正在做某事。有類似用法的單詞有:see,watch,hear,find
In fact=as a matter of fact-事實上 pay(no)attention to-(不)注意
So和such都有「如此,這樣」的意思,so修飾副詞和形容詞,such修飾名詞,注意:如果名詞前有many,much,few,little時只能用so;修飾單數可數名詞時,可以用so或such,但so句式「so+形容詞+a/an+單數名詞」,such則是「such+a/an+形容詞+單數名詞」
❷ 九年級上冊英語句型(人教版)
一、 She used to be a history teacher.
【句型介紹】該句句意為她過去是一名歷史老師。 used to do sth. 表過去經常做某事,暗示現在已不再如此,句中to後接動詞原形。只能用於過去時態,並且可用於所有人稱。其否定形式為used not to ... 疑問形式為Used you to ... ? Used he to ... ? 等。而在口語中或不太正式的書面語中,否定形式為didn't use to ...,疑問形式為Did you use to ... ? Did he use to ... ? 等。
He doesn't smoke these days, but he used to (somke). 他現在不抽煙,但是他以前抽。
【句式比較】 1. be used to do sth.,被動語態結構,意為被用來做某事,句中to後接動詞原形。
This machine can be used to proce juice. 這台機器可以用來做果汁。
2. be / get used to (doing) sth.,習慣於做某事,句中to為介詞,後接名詞、代詞、動名詞。
I'm not used to the noisy city life here. 我不習慣這兒喧囂的城市生活。
Are you used to singing loudly in public places? 你習慣在公共場所高聲唱歌嗎?
【特別提醒】注意各句型中to後面的動詞形式。
二、 what is worse
【句型介紹】 意思為更糟糕的是,常作為插入語,強調後出現的情況比先出現的情況更糟糕,含有強烈的感情色彩,常可替換成worse than all /ever, to make the matter worse。
It was very dark outside, and what was worse, it began to rain. 外面很暗,而糟糕的是,天開始下雨了。
I started very late, and worse than all, I met with a traffic jam. 我出發得很遲,更糟糕的是,又遇到了交通阻塞。
【句式比較】 1. what's more,更何況,強調後出現的情況程度遠遠超過先出現的情況。
I'm not afraid of it, because I work hard, and what's more, many friends will help me. 這一點我並不害怕,因為我工作很努力,更何況許多朋友會幫我。
2. besides也有更何況之意,其用法與what's more相同。
I'm sure he will be fired, because he has been late so many times, and besides he has caused so much loss to our company. 我確信他肯定會被解僱,因為他遲到了這么多次,更何況他給我們公司造成了這么多損失。
【特別提醒】 通過語境區分各句型。
三、 We're having a family meeting.
【句型介紹】該句句意為我們要開一個家庭會議, are having從結構上看是現在進行時態,但它表達的是將來時態。在口語中come, go, fly, leave, move, travel等表位置移動的動詞常用現在進行時表示一般將來時態。
I'm leaving for Shanghai next Monday. 我下周一要去上海。
He's moving into a new house tomorrow. 他明天要搬進新房去。
The boy's father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by telegraph.
【句型介紹】該句中so ... that ... 表示如此......以致......,引導結果狀語從句,so後面接形容詞、副詞原級。
She is so beautiful that many people like her. 她長得很漂亮,許多人都喜歡她。
so 有時出現在以that 引導的從句中表示非常的意思,如課本中出現的I'm so happy that you could come to England with us for the holidays.
【句式比較】
1. such ... that ...,如此......以致......,引導結果狀語從句,such後面接名詞順序為such + a / an + adj. + n., 而so 修飾時為 so + adj. + a / an + n.。
It was such a wonderful film that I saw it many times. (It was so wonderful a film that I saw it many times.) 這場電影如此精彩以致於我看了很多遍。
It was such good news that he felt very excited at it. 這個消息很好,聽到之後他感到很激動。
2. so that,意為以便......時,引導目的狀語從句,此時so that前面沒有逗號,後面常出現may, can等情態動詞;意為結果......時,引導結果狀語從句,此時so that前面常有逗號。
He started very early so that he could get there in time. 他出發得很早以便能及時到達那裡。
【特別提醒】 著重從結構、邏輯、標點符號、習慣搭配等角度區分這些句型。
It's made of bamboo and animal's hair.
【句型介紹】 該句中be made of 表示由......製成,從成品中看得出原材料, 後面接材料。
This cup is made of paper. 這個杯子是由紙做的。
Those chairs are made of steel. 那些椅子是鋼做的。
【句式比較】
1. be made from,由......製成,從成品中看不出原材料, 後面也接材料。
Bread is made from flour. 麵包是由麵粉做的。
2. be made in,由某地製造,後接產地。
This kind of car is made in Shanghai. 這種小汽車是上海造的。
Bikes can be made in our city. 我市能生產自行車。
3. be made into,......製成了......
Class is made into bottles. 玻璃可製成瓶子。
4. be made by, 由某人製造,後接生產者。
The coat is made by Miss Wang at home. 這件外衣是由王小姐在家裡做的。
5. be made up of, 由......組成, 指某物或某組織由某種成分或成員組成。
This TV set is made up of hundreds of different parts. 這台電視機是由數百個不同的零件組裝成的。
一、It seems that ...
[句型介紹] 意為似乎是......;看起來好像......,it為形式主語,that後引導的從句為真正主語。
It seems that they are talking about something.似乎他們在談論什麼。
[比較] seem to do sth.似乎在做......
He seems to be a clever boy.他看起來像個聰明的男孩。
二、make one's way
[句型介紹] 意為一路前進;向前。
The soldiers made their way in the thick snow.戰士們在厚厚的雪地上前進。
The firemen are making their way out of the burning house. 消防隊員們正從燃燒的房子里沖出來。
[比較] feel one's way 摸索著前進;lose one's way 迷路;push one's way 擠著前進;fight one's way殺出一條路。
It was very dark outside, so he had to feel his way.外面很暗,所以他不得不摸索著前進。
The child lost his way at the cinema and with the help of the policeman he found his way to go home. 這個小孩兒在電影院迷路了,在警察的幫助下他找到了回家的路。
There were so many people at the station that they had to push their way. 火車站的人真多,他們不得不擠著前進。
The soldiers fought their way out of the enemy's encirclement. 戰士們從敵人的包圍圈中殺出了一條路。
三、on one's way to
[句型介紹] 意為在某人去某地的途中,one's也可換成the,to後面接地點名詞,若地點為副詞,應省to。
On his / the way to Beijing, he found a secret. 在去北京途中他發現了一個秘密。
She met with a traffic accident on her / the way home.回家途中她遭遇了車禍。
[比較] on one's way from ... to ...在某人從......到......途中
On my / the way home, I picked up a wallet. 回家路上,我拾到了一隻皮夾子。
On their / the way from Shanghai to Beijing, they discussed this matter. 在從上海到北京的途中,他們討論了這個問題。
四、wait for one's turn to do sth.
[句型介紹] 意為等候輪到某人做某事,to do sth.為不定式作定語。
I am waiting for my turn to buy a ticket. 我在等著輪到我買票。
Are you waiting for your turn to take a bath? 你在等著洗澡嗎?
[比較] It's one's turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事;take turns at doing sth. 輪流做某事。
Is it your turn to clean the blackboard? 今天輪到你擦黑板嗎?
Whose turn is it to be on ty today? 今天輪到誰值日?
They took turns at watching at his bedside.他們輪流守護在他的床前。
[特別提醒] 這些句型中的turn均為名詞,表依次輪流的順序。
五、feel like doing sth.
[句型介紹] 意為想要做某事,feel like後面應接動名詞作賓語。
I feel like having something to eat. 我想吃點兒東西。
Do you feel like going swimming? 你想去游泳嗎?
[比較] would / should like to do sth. 願意做某事,should 常用於第一人稱,would用於各種人稱。
I would like to stay at home this afternoon. 今天下午我想呆在家裡。
六、stop sb. from doing sth.
[句型介紹] 意為阻止某人做某事,句中stop可換成prevent或keep,from也可以省去,但keep sb. from doing sth.中的from不可省。
What stopped you (from) coming to see me?什麼事讓你沒來看我?
[比較] protect ... from保護......不受......侵害
An umbrella can protect us from the rain. 雨傘能保護我們不被雨淋濕。
七、stand on one's head
[句型介紹] 意為倒立,為身體姿勢描繪用語。
The actress can stand on her head for five minutes. 這個女演員能倒立五分鍾。
Can you stand on your head? 你會倒立嗎?
[比較] stand on one's feet站著;stand on one foot 單足站立
Can you stand on one foot for an hour? 你能單腳站一個小時嗎?
Having stood on his feet for a long time, he felt very tired.站了很長時間了,他感到累了。
八、not ... until ...
[句型介紹] 意為直到......才......,表某一動作或狀態直到until或till所表示的時間為止才開始發生。
He didn't go home until 5 p.m. 直到下午五點,他才回家。
She didn't get married until she was thirty years old. 直到三十歲她才結婚。
[比較] do ... until / till,表示某一動作或狀態一直延續到until/till所表示的時間為止才結束,其謂語動詞須為持續性動詞。
He worked until the clock struck twelve.他一直工作到鍾敲了十二點。
一、 lose oneself in
[句型介紹]意為沉溺於......,in為介詞,後接名詞、代詞、動名詞。
At the meeting, he lost himself in reading newspapers. 開會時,他讀報入了神。
She often loses herself in deep thought when she is alone. 獨自一人時,她經常沉溺於思考之中。
[比較] be lost in迷失方向;沉溺於......
Take care, and not to be lost in the woods again.當心別再在森林中迷路了。
[特別提醒] be lost in的主語為人稱代詞的主格或名詞,而不能為反身代詞。
二、 say to oneself
[句型介紹]意為心裡想......,反身代詞和主語在人稱上應保持一致。
I woke up at six and said to myself, It's still early.我六點鍾時醒了, 心想:還早呢。
When he heard what the teacher said, he said to himself, I should study hard. 當他聽到老師的講話時,心想我應當認真學習。
[比較] talk to oneself 自言自語,反身代詞和主語在人稱上也應保持一致。
An old man likes to talk to himself. 老人喜歡自言自語。
三、 主語(人) + spend ...(in) doing sth.
[句型介紹]該句表示某人花費時間做某事,spend後面需接表時間的名詞,介詞in可以省去。
He spent quite a lot of time (in) working out this maths problem. 他花了許多時間才解出了這道數學題。
How much time did you spend(in) reading this book? 讀這本書花了你多長時間?
[比較]主語(人) + spend +金錢+ on sth.,花費金錢買某物;It costs /takes+時間+to do sth. 花費時間做某事;pay ... for ...,為......付款。
He spends most of his money on food.他把大部分錢用來買食物。
Did it take you much time to prepare for it?准備這件事花了你很多時間嗎?
It cost me fifty yuan to buy this dictionary. 我花了五十元買了這本字典。
He paid twenty yuan for a pair of glasses. 他花了20元買了一副眼鏡。
四、 I'm sure that ...
[句型介紹] 該句表示對某事有肯定的認識或判斷。
I'm sure that she is an honest girl. 我肯定她是一個誠實的女孩。
Are you sure that she has stolen your pen? 你能肯定是她偷了你的鋼筆嗎?
[比較] I'm not sure if ...,表示對某事沒有肯定的認識或判斷,是I'm sure that 的否定句。
I'm not sure if he will come on time. 我無法確定他是否會按時來。
五、 get on with ...
[句型介紹] 意為在......取得進展;與......相處融洽,如果進展順利或相處融洽, on後面可加well,但此時該句不可用於How引導的特殊疑問句。
-How are you getting on with your speech? 你的演講准備得怎麼樣了?
-I'm getting on well with it. 進展順利。
Can Tom get on well with his classmates? 湯姆能和他的同學融洽相處嗎?
[比較] get along with,含義及用法與get on with相同。
He is getting along well with his new book. 他的新書寫得很順利。
He is easy to get along well with. 他很容易相處。
六、 be fed up with ...
[句型介紹] 意為對......感到厭煩。with為介詞,後面應接名詞、代詞、動名詞。
I'm fed up with working with him.我討厭和他共事。
Are you fed up with eating the same food every day? 你討厭每天吃同樣的食物嗎?
[比較] be tired of對......感到厭煩;討厭......
I'm tired of dealing with such kind of man. 我討厭和這樣的人打交道。
❸ 人教版英語九年級1-10的所有語法
點擊原文】 -How do you study …? 你怎樣學習……?
-By doing … 通過做……(P3)
【鏈接中考】-_________ do you study English?
-By listening to tapes. (2006福建寧德)
A. How B. Where C. When D. Why
【真題解讀】A。四個選項都是疑問詞,分別意為「怎樣」、「哪裡」、「什麼時候」、「為什麼」,根據答語「通過聽磁帶(學習英語)」可知問句是「你怎樣學習英語?」的意思,故選A。
【點擊原文】 get/ be excited about … 對……感到激動(P4)
【鏈接中考】Millions of people are crazy about the World Cup these days. (2006雲南省課改區)
A. satisfied with B. wildly excited about
C. annoyed with D. worried about
【真題解讀】B。四個選項都可以與be連用,分別意為「對……滿意」、「對……非常激動」、「對……苦惱」、「對…..擔心」,根據題意「這些天成百萬的人都為世界盃而瘋狂」可選出正確答案為B。
【點擊原文】 practice doing … 練習做……(P5)
【鏈接中考】-My spoken English is poor. What shall I do?
-That』s easy. Practise _________ it as much as possible. (2006江蘇揚州)
A. speak B. speaks C. speaking D. to speak
【真題解讀】C。practise和practice 都可以做動詞,後面接動詞時要用動詞ing形式。分析比較四個選項可知正確答案為C。
【點擊原文】regard … as 把……當作……(P8)
【鏈接中考】Yao Ming is _____ as one of the most popular basketball players in the world. (2005遼寧大連)
A. regarded B. made C. kept D. watched
【真題解讀】A。regard … as意為「把……當作……」,主要指思想上、感情上「將……看成是……」,暗含說話人根據外部情況所得出的估計,其中as是介詞,後面接名詞或形容詞。分析比較四個選項,根據題意「姚明被當作世界上最受歡迎的籃球運動員之一」,可選A。
【點擊原文】with the help of … 在……的幫助下(P8)
【鏈接中考】________ the help of the teacher, he became a good students. (2006青海省)
A. Under B. On C. With
【真題解讀】C。with the help of意為「在……的幫助下」,常位於句首,也可以寫作with one』s help。由關鍵信息the help of可直接選C。
【點擊原文】be afraid of … 害怕……(P10)
【鏈接中考】He is ________ dogs, so he never keeps any of them at home. (2006青海省)
A. interested in B. afraid of C. worried about
【真題解讀】B。be afraid of一般表示害怕某事的發生,內心帶有某種程度的恐懼性,從心理上極不願意或擔心某事的發生。分析比較四個選項,本題由關鍵信息be afraid of可知其後接動詞-ing形式,故正確答案為B。需要強調的是,be afraid of後面接動詞時,應用動詞-ing形式,如:
–Are you afraid of _________ at home, Linda?(2006甘肅蘭州)
- No. I』ve grown up.
A. alone B. being alone C. lonely D. being lonely (答案為B)
【點擊原文】used to do … 過去常常做……(P11)
【鏈接中考】I ________ in this small mountain village when I was a child. (2006湖南資陽)
A. use to live B. used to living C. used to live D. used to life
【真題解讀】C。used to後面接動詞原形,用來表示過去的習慣(過去經常反復發生的動作)或狀態,可意為「過去常常做某事」,而現在已不再這樣了,可用於各種人稱。需要強調的是,be used to後面接動詞-ing形式時,表示「習慣於做某事」。分析比較四個選項,可先排除A、D選項,根據題意「當我是小孩的時候,我就居住在這個小山村裡」可選出正確答案為C。
【點擊原文】spend … doing … 花費……做……(P14)
【鏈接中考】He _______ less time reading stories about film stars than before. (2006江蘇南通)
A. takes B. spends C. costs D. pays
【真題解讀】B。表示「某人花了多少錢買某物/多少時間做某事」,其中介詞in可以省略;另s」。四個選項都可以表示「花費」,區別是:take常用於It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 句型,其中it為形式主語,真正的主語是動詞不定式;spend常用在Sb. spends some money / time on sth 或Sb. spends some money / time in doing sth句式;cost常用於Sth. costs sb. some money.句型,其主語是物;pay的主語也是人,常與介詞for連用。根據題中關鍵詞reading即可選定正確答案為B。
【點擊原文】give up doing … 放棄做……(P17)
【鏈接中考】Mr. Brown stopped drinking two months ago. (同義句改寫)
Mr. Brown ________ ________ drink two months ago. (2006湖北孝感)
【真題解讀】gave up。give up doing …意為「放棄做……」,相當於stop doing sth.。故本題由stoped可填gave up。需要注意的是,give up是動副型短語,後面接代詞作賓語時,代詞應置於它們之間。如:
Smoking is bad for your health. You』d better _________. (2006重慶課改區)
A. give up it B. give it up C. take out it D. take it out (答案為B)
【點擊原文】should be allowed to do … 應該被允許做…….(P18)
【鏈接中考】In many countries, teenagers under 18 should not _________ to enter Internet bars. (山西運城課改區)
A. allow B. be allowed C. are allowed
【真題解讀】B。三個選項中都含有allow,根據題意「在許多國家,18歲以下的青少年不應該被允許進入網吧」。should not be allowed是should be allowed的否定形式,表示「不應該被允許做……」。
【點擊原文】 instead of doing … 代替做……(P19)
【鏈接中考】If you can』t get to sleep, then get up and try to do something _________ lying in bed. (2005雲南省課改實驗區)
A. and B. or C. instead of D. because of
【真題解讀】C。instead of doing意思是「代替/替代做……」,用來連接兩個對等的成分,其中of後面的內容是被否定的。分析比較四個選項,由題意「如果你不能入睡,就起床試著做一些事情,而不要躺在床上」可選出正確答案為C。
【點擊原文】So do we! 我們也是!(P20)
【鏈接中考】-Li Yunchun sings so well. I like her very much.
-_________ (2006漳州課改區)
A. So am I. B. So do I. C. So I am. D. So I do.
【真題解讀】B。「So + 系動詞/情態動詞/助動詞 + 主語」結構是一個倒裝句,用來表示前面所說的情況也符合另一個人或物;而「So + 主語 + 系動詞/情態動詞/動詞」結構,表示說話人對前面一句話所表達觀點的認可,意為「......的確如此」。根據題意思可排除C、D,因前句中的sings是行為動詞,所以下句用do來代替,避免重復,故舍A選B。
【點擊原文】stay up to do… 熬夜做……(P20)
【鏈接中考】During the World Cup, some people __________ all night to watch the games. (2006雲南省課改區)
A. wake up B. get up C. stay up D. make up
【真題解讀】C。四個選項都含有up,分別意為「喚醒」、「起床」、「熬夜」、「整理;包裝」,根據題意「在世界盃期間,一些人整個晚上的熬夜來看比賽」可選出正確答案為C。
【點擊原文】belong to … 屬於……(P35)
【鏈接中考】-Whose guitar is this?
-It ________ Alice. She plays the guitar. (2006遼寧沈陽)
A. might be B. must be C. can belong D. might belong to
【真題解讀】D。belong to意為「屬於」,它沒有進行時態和被動語態,後面多接人,也可接物。根據題意「這是誰的吉他」,「它可能是Alice的,她彈吉他」可選出正確答案為D。再如:
Everyone knows that Taiwan belongs _________ China. (2006寧夏回族自治區)
A. for B. with C. to D. about (答案為C)
【點擊原文】I love singers who write their own music.(P45)
【鏈接中考】I love singers _________ write their own music. (2006內江市課改區)
A. when B. which C. who
【真題解讀】C。三個選項都可以用來連接定語從句,when指時間,which指物,who指人,由先行詞singer是人,可以選出正確答案為C。
【點擊原文】remind sb. of … 提醒某人……;使某人想起……(P46)
【鏈接中考】Action movies _________ me of Jackie Chan. (2006雲南昆明)
A. remind B. think C. hear D. miss
【真題解讀】A。四個選項都是動詞,結合句意「動作片使我想起成龍」,表示「使某人想起……」常用結構remind sb of sth,所以選A,其它三個選項都不符合題意。
【點擊原文】I』d like to trek though … 我想穿過……去旅行。(P52)
【鏈接中考】I like exciting trips. I』d love to trek ________ the Amazon jungle next summer, because it』s a good place to explore. (2006四川資陽)
A. across B. though C. crossing D. cross
【真題解讀】B。分析比較四個選項,across和though都是介詞,意為「穿過」,其區別是:前者指在……表面穿過;而後者指從……裡面穿過。crossing是名詞,意為「交叉口」,cross是動詞,意為「橫過」,根據題意「我喜歡旅行,我下個月想穿過亞馬遜河叢林旅行」可選出正確答案為B。
【點擊原文】-Where would you like to …? 你想去哪裡……?
-I』d like to go somewhere relaxing. 我想去……。(P53)
【鏈接中考】-Where would you like to go on vacation?
-I』d love to go _________. (2006遼寧沈陽)
A. somewhere relaxing B. anywhere relaxed
C. somewhere relaxed D. everywhere relaxing
【真題解讀】A。somewhere, anywhere和everywhere都是不定副詞,修飾它們的形容詞要放在它們的後面。另relaxing用來修飾物,而relaxed 用來修飾人,根據題意「我想去一些比較休閑的地方」可選A。
【點擊原文】Why not do …? 為什麼不多……呢?(P54)
【鏈接中考】—What are you going to do with your pocket money?
—_____ give it to the children from Aids(艾滋病)families? (2006湖北宜昌)
A. What about B. What for C. Why don』t D. Why not
【真題解讀】D。What about doing sth? / Why don』t you do sth? / Why not do sth? 都是提建議的常用句型,而what for意為「為什麼」。結合本題句意及關鍵詞give——動詞原形,可選D。
【點擊原文】It seems that …. 看起來…...。(P59)
【鏈接中考】-Doctor, it seems ______ you like to work with animals.
-Yes, I think animals should ______ as our friends. (2005蘇州)
A. that, regard B. that, be regarded
C. what, regard D. what, be regarded
【真題解讀】B。「It seemed + that從句」,表示「好像……」, 通常可以轉化成「名詞/代詞+seems/seemed + 動詞不定式短語」這一簡單句型,如果動詞不定式短語是「to be+形容詞」,to be有時可省略。由關鍵信息it seems先排除C、D選項;根據語意「動物應該被照顧」,知應用被動語態,所以應選B。
【點擊原文】come up with … 想起……(P61)
【鏈接中考】She is planning on driving. Let』s help her ________ some good ideas. (2006湖南資陽)
A. come out B. come up
C. catch up with D. come up with
【真題解讀】D。四個選項分別意為「出來;出版」、「走近;發芽」、「趕上」、「想出」,根據題意為「她正計劃著學開車呢,讓我們幫助她想出一些好主意」,故正確答案為D。
【點擊原文】Not only … but (also) … 不但……而且……(P62)
【鏈接中考】_________ has known the man well. (2006遵義市)
A. Not only you but also he B. Neither he nor you C. Both you and he
【真題解讀】A。not only ... but also意為「不但……而且……」,用來連接句子中成分相同的詞語,如果用來連接主語,謂語動詞要以but also後面的主語為准。分析比較三個選項,結合題中的關鍵詞has可知B、C選項均不符合語境,故正確答案為A。
【點擊原文】be used for … 被用於……(P69)
【鏈接中考】The robots are ________ for doing housework. They are ready amazing. (2006大連市)
A. used B. sent C. asked D. discovered
【真題解讀】A。be used for意為「被用來……」,其中介詞for表示用途和作用,後面接名詞或動詞-ing形式。根據題意「這些電腦被用於做家務」可選出正確答案為A。
【點擊原文】the number of …. ……的數目(P74)
【鏈接中考】-How many students are there in your school?
-_________ the students in our school _________ over two thousand. (2006青海省)
A. The number of, is B. The number of, are C. A number of, is
【真題解讀】A。考查the number of短語。the number of意為「……的數目」,作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數形式;與之相似的a number of意為「大量、許多」,相當於many,作主語時,謂語動詞用復數形式。根據題意「我們學校的學生數超過了兩千」可選出正確答案為A。
【點擊原文】decide to do … 決定做……(P88)
【鏈接中考】 -Laura, we』ve decided _________ on a trip this afternoon. Will you join us?
-I』m afraid not. I have a composition _________. (2006江蘇揚州)
A. to go, to write B. to go, writing C. going, to write D. going, writing
【真題解讀】A。decide後面接動詞時要用動詞不定式,由此排除C、D;結合「I』m afraid not(恐怕我今天下午我不能旅行)」可知「我有一篇作文要寫」,故應用動詞不定式作定語修飾composition。因此選A。
【點擊原文】Why not? 為什麼不呢?(P88)
【鏈接中考】-Would you like to go to the zoo with us?
- (2006湖北荊州)
A. No. I』m busy. B. Why not? C. Thank you. D. That』s all right.
【真題解讀】B。四個選項分別意為「不,我很忙」、「為什麼不呢?」、「謝謝你」、「沒關系」。根據題意「你想和我們一起去動物園嗎?」可選出正確答案為B。Why not?是「為什麼不呢?」的意思,是一個反問的語氣,後面接動詞時要用動詞原形。
【點擊原文】kinds of … 有點兒……(P88)
【鏈接中考】 I like koala bears because they are kind of interesting. (詞語釋義) (2006漳州課改區)
A. very B. a few C. a bit D. too
【真題解讀】C。本題劃線部分kind of也是「有點兒」的意思,比較四個選項,即可選出正確答案為C。a bit 意為「一點兒」,作狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞以及形容詞和副詞的比較級時,a bit可與a little替換;作定語修飾不可數名詞時,要先加介詞of,再接名詞。還應注意:not a little和not a bit兩者意義完全不同,前者意為「很多、不少(=much)」,後者意為「一點也不、一點也沒有(=not at all)」。
【點擊原文】It』s also just fun to watch people. (P88)
【鏈接中考】It』s a good habit ____ breakfast every day. (2006陝西省)
A. had B. have C. has D. to have
【真題解讀】D。考查動詞不定式作主語。句式「It is +n. +of +sb. to do sth.」中的it是形式主語,真正的主語是to do sth.動詞不定式作主語時,這樣可以使句子避免頭重腳輕。就本題而言,由關鍵詞it』s即可確定正確答案為D。類似的句式還有「It is +adj. + to do sth.」。
【點擊原文】Well, when I go into stores I always spend too much money! (P88)
【鏈接中考】Health is very important to us. We should eat more vegetables and fruit instead of __________ rich food. (2006黑龍江哈爾濱)
A. too much B. much too C. very much
【真題解讀】A。考查too much短語。too much意為「太多」,常作形容詞片語,用來修飾不可數名詞;而much too的含義是「(實在)太……」,它常用作副詞,用來修飾形容詞和副詞。三個選項都含much,由題中的關鍵信息rich food可知正確答案為A。
【點擊原文】Parents will spend many happy hours walking through the History Museum. (P90)
【鏈接中考】He _____ less time reading stories about film stars than before. (2006江蘇南通)
A. takes B. spends C. costs D. pays
【真題解讀】B。考查「花費」的辨析。四個選項都可以表示「花費」,區別是:take常用於It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 句型,其中it為形式主語,真正的主語是動詞不定式;spend常用於「Sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth.」句式,表示「某人做某事花費了多少時間/金錢」,其中介詞in可以省略,也可以帶著;cost常用於Sth. costs sb. some money.句型,其主語是物;pay的主語也是人,常與介詞for連用。根據題中關鍵詞reading即可選定正確答案為B。另spend還可以用在Sb. spends some time/money on sth.句式中,表示「某人在某事上花費了多少時間/金錢」。
【點擊原文】depend on … 依賴……;由……決定(P92)
【鏈接中考】The price of the computer __________ what kind you want to buy. (2006福建廈門)
A. goes on B. takes after C. depends on
【真題解讀】C。三個選項分別意為「繼續」、「像」、「依靠;決定」,根據題意「電腦的價格決定你要買的款式」可選正確答案為C。另外,depend on也可以說成depend upon,後面接名詞、代詞、動名詞或that從句作賓語。
【點擊原文】be supposed to do … 應該做……(P94)
【鏈接中考】To keep safe, everyone _________ to wear a seat belt in the car. (2006遼寧十一課改區)
A. is supposed B. supposes C. supposed D. will suppose
【真題解讀】A。四個選項是suppose的四種形式,根據題意「為了保持安全,乘車時每個人都應該戴上安全帶」可選出正確答案為A。be supposed to的意思是「應該做某事」、「被期望做某事」,其後接動詞原形,相當於be expected to do sth.;用在否定句中表示命令、禁止,意為「不準做某事」。
【點擊原文】… is to do …. ……是做……。(P96)
【鏈接中考】 -What does John do on the farm?
-Oh, his job is _________ the animals. (2005黑龍江哈爾濱)
A. to feed B. feed C. to feeding
【真題解讀】A。考查動詞不定式在句中作表語。動詞不定式是由「to+動詞原形」構成,故排除C;因句中有謂語動詞is,再排除B。故A為正確答案。
【點擊原文】I have to say, I find it difficult to remember everything, but …. (P98)
【鏈接中考】I find ________ difficult to finish the work on time. We only have three hours left. (2006吉林長春)
A. it B. that C. its D. this
【真題解讀】A。考查it作形式賓語。在英語中,當作賓語的動詞不定式後面有賓語補足語時,通常要用it作形式賓語代替動詞不定式,並將真正的動詞不定式置於賓語補足語之後。由關鍵信息difficult to finish可直接選出正確答案為A。
【點擊原文】begin with 以……開始(P99)
【鏈接中考】You are weak in English. I think you』d better __________ ABC. (遵義市)
A. end up with B. go on with C. begin with
【真題解讀】C。三個選項都含有介詞with,分別意為「以……結束」、「繼續做某事」、「以……開始」,根據前句語境「你的英語很差」可推斷「我認為你最好從ABC開始(學習)」,故選C。
【點擊原文】Could you please tell me if there are any good museums in Newtown? (P99)
【鏈接中考】I don』t know _______ on a trip to Canada.(2006遼寧十一課改區)
A. if he goes B. when will he go C. if he』ll go D. when he goes
【真題解讀】C。考查賓語從句的用法。由I don』t know可知本題用賓語從句,在賓語從句中要用陳述語序,結合題意「我不知道他是否去加拿大旅行」可排除B、D選項,另考慮此題從句表示將來意義,故舍A選C。
【點擊原文】is being done ……正在被做……(P100)
【鏈接中考】The World Cup (世界盃足球賽) _________ in Germany now. (2006山東濱州)
A. being had B. is having C. is holding D. is being held
【真題解讀】D。考查現在進行時的被動語態,其結構為「助動詞is/ am/ are +being +及物動詞的過去分詞」。由關鍵詞now可知本題用現在進行時,根據題意「世界盃足球賽正在德國被舉行」可選出正確答案為D。
【點擊原文】This is 這就是……。(P100)
【鏈接中考】The question is _________ he won』t listen to anyone. (2006山東德州課標卷)
A. that B. whether C. if D. when
【真題解讀】D。考查表語從句的引導詞。四個選項都可以用在表語從句中,根據題意為「問題是他不聽任何人說的話」可選出正確答案為A。
【點擊原文】Me too! 我也是! (P102)
【鏈接中考】-I』ll go to the West Lake this weekend. What about you?
- . Let's go together. (2006江蘇鹽城)
A. No, I won』t B. I won』t go C. Me, too D. Sorry, I'm busy
【真題解讀】C。「Me too.」表示「我也是」,用來表達和對方相同的想法或做法的常用語。根據題意「我將這個周末將去西湖,你呢?」「我也是,讓我們一起吧!」可選出正確答案為C。
【點擊原文】so … that…. 如此……,以致於……。(P103)
【鏈接中考】The drink is _________ delicious ________ I enjoy it very much. (2006黑龍江哈爾濱)
A. too, to B. so, that C. such, that
【真題解讀】B。分析比較三個選項,A選項意為「太…..而不能……」,too後面接形容詞或副詞,而to 後面接動詞原形;B、C選項都有「如此…..以致……」的意思,其區別是:so後面接形容詞或副詞,而such後面接名詞。由關鍵詞delicious可選出正確答案為B。
【點擊原文】make … do … 使得……做……(P103)
【鏈接中考】Don』t make me _____ this or that. I』m too busy! (2006江蘇徐州)
A. to do B. do C. doing D. done
【真題解讀】B。make … do ...表示「使(要)某人(事物)做什麼(怎麼樣)」,其中do是省略to的動詞不定式,在句中作賓語補足語,故由關鍵詞make和題意「不要使我做這做那,我太忙了」,可選出正確答案為B。另需注意的是,make後還可以用名詞、形容詞或介詞短語作賓語補足語。
【點擊原文】so that 以便;為了(P106)
【鏈接中考】Hurry up, Jack. We have to get to the station before 11:45 _____ we can catch the 12:00 train. (2006江蘇南通)
A. since B. after C. as soon as D. so that
【真題解讀】D。so that作「以便」解時,用來引導目的狀語從句,此時從句中通常帶有情態動詞;作「結果,以致於」解時,用來引導結果狀語從句。四個選項都可以用來引導狀語從句,根據題意「傑克,快點。為了趕上12點的火車,我們不得不在11:45前到達車站」,故正確答案為D。
【點擊原文】not …, either. ……也不。(P107)
【鏈接中考】If you don』t go to the meeting tomorrow, __________? (2006重慶市課改區)
A. he will, too B. he won』t, either C. he does, too D. he doesn』t, either
【真題解讀】B。either和too都可以表示「也」,其區別是;前者用於否定句,後者用於肯定句和疑問句中。根據題意「如果你明天不參加那個會議,那麼他也不參加」可選出正確答案為B。
27回答者: interesting14
❹ 求人教版初三英語短語和重點句子,語法(中考要求的)。。最好分單元啊。。3Q
一、知識點
1. used to 過去常常做某事,暗指現在已經不存在的動作或狀態. 後跟動詞原形. used to do sth.
There used to be ….(反意疑問句)didn』t there?
否定形式為: didn』t use to 或 usedn』t to
疑問形式為: Did…use to…? 或 Used…to…?
be/get used to doing sth.習慣於, to 為介詞.
2. wear 表示狀態. =be in +顏色的詞
put on 表示動作.
dress + 人 給某人穿衣服.dress sb. / oneself
have on表示狀態(不用於進行時態)
3. on the swim team on 是…的成員,在…供職.
4. Don』t you remember me? 否定疑問句.(考點)
Yes, I do. 不, 我記得. No, I don』t 是的, 我不記得了.
5. 反意疑問句:
① 陳述部分的主語為 this, that, 疑問部分主語用it; 陳述部分主語用 these, those, 疑問部分用they 做主語.
例: This is a new story, isn』t it?
Those are your parents, aren』t they?
② 陳述部分是 there be 結構, 疑問部分仍用 there
例: There was a man named Paul, wasn』t there?
③ I am 後的疑問句, 用aren』t I
例: I am in Class 2, aren』t I?
④ 陳述部分與含有 not, no, never, few, little, hardly, seldom, neither, none 等詞時,疑問部分用肯定.
例: Few people liked this movie, didn』t they?
但陳述句中若帶有否定前綴或後綴的單詞時, 這個句子仍視為肯定, 後面仍用否定.
例: Your sister is unhappy, isn』t she?
⑤ 陳述部分的主語若為不定式或 V-ing 短語, 疑問部分主語用it.
例: To spend so much money on clothes is unnecessary, isn』t it?
⑥ 陳述句中主語是 nobody, no one, everyone, everybody 等指人的不定代詞時,疑問部分用they做主語; 若陳述部分主語是 something, anything, noting, everything 等指事物的不定代詞時, 疑問部分用it 做主語.
例: Nobody says one word about the accident, do they?
Everything seems perfect, doesn』t it?
⑦ 當主語是第一人稱I時, 若謂動為think, believe, guess 等詞時, 且其後跟賓叢,這時疑問句部分的人稱, 時態要與賓語從句保持一致, 同時還要考慮否定轉移.
例: I don』t think he can finish the work in time, can he?
⑧ 前面是祈使句, 後用 will you? (let』s 開頭時, 後用shall we?)
6. be terrified of 害怕的程度比 be afraid of 深.
7. miss: ① 思念, 想念 例: I really miss the old days.
② 錯過, 未中, 未趕上, 未找到.
例: It』s a pity that you miss the bus.
The boy shot at the goal, but missed.
8. no more (用在句中)=not…any more (用在句尾) 指次數;
no longer (用在句中)=not…any longer (用在句尾) 指時間.
9. right: ① adj. 正確的, 右邊的② n. 右方, 權利③ adv. 直接地.
10. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. = Yu Mei seems to have changed a lot.
11. afford + n. /pron. afford + to do 常與can, be able to 連用.
例: Can you afford a new car?
The film couldn』t afford to pay such large salaries.
12. as well as 連詞, 不但…而且… 強調前者. (若引導主語, 謂動與前者在人稱和數上一致
例: Living things need air and light as well as water.
生命不僅需要水, 還需要空氣和陽光.
I as well as they am ready to help you.
不僅是他們, 我也願意幫助你.
13. alone = by oneself 獨自一人. lonely 孤獨的, 寂寞的.
14. in the last/past + 一段時間
ring the last/past + 一段時間 與現在完成時連用.
15. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) dying (垂死的)
16. play the piano彈鋼琴
17. ①be/ become interested in sth. 對…感興趣
②be interested in doing sth. 對做…感興趣
③show great interest in 在……方面產生極大的興趣
④a place of interest 一處名勝 some places of interest
如:He is interested in math, but he isn』t interested in speaking
English. 他對數學感興趣,但是他對說英語不感興趣。
⑤ interested adj. 感興趣的,指人對某事物感興趣,往往主語是人
⑥ interesting adj.有趣的,指某事物/某人具有趣味,主語往往是物
⑦ an interesting book / man
18. 害怕… be terrified of sth. 如:I am terrified of the dog.
be terrified of doing sth. 如:I am terrified of speaking.
19. on 副詞,表示(電燈、電視、機械等)在運轉中/打開,
其反義詞off. with the light on 燈開著
20. walk to somewhere 步行到某處 walk to school 步行到學校
21.spend 動詞,表示「花費金錢、時間」
①spend…on sth. 在某事上花費(金錢、時間)
②spend…doing sth. 花費(金錢、時間)去做某事如:
He spends too much time on clothes. 他花費太多的時間在衣著
He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花費了三個月去建這座橋。
pay for 花費
如:I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元買這本書。
take動詞 有「花費」的意思常用的結構有:
It take(s) sb. … to do sth. 如:It takes me a day to read the book.
22. chat with sb. 與某人閑聊如:I like to chat with him.
我喜歡和他聊天。
23. worry about sb./ sth. 擔心某人/某事worry 是動詞
be worried about sb./sth. 擔心某人/某事worried 是形容詞
如:Don』t worry about him. 不用擔心他。
Mother is worried about her son. 媽媽擔心他的兒子。
24. all the time 一直、始終
25. take sb. to + 地方送/帶某人去某個地方如:
A person took him to the hospital. 一個人把他送到了醫院。
Lui took me home. 劉把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to)
26. hardly adv. 幾乎不、沒有 hard 困難的;猛烈地
hardly ever 很少
hardly 修飾動詞時,通常放在助動詞、情態動詞之後,實義
動詞之前助動詞/情態動詞+hardly
hardly + 實義動詞如:
I can hardly understand them. 我幾乎不能夠明白他們。
I hardly have time to do it. 我幾乎沒有時間去做了。
It rains hard outside, I could hardly go out.
27. in the last few years. 在過去的幾年內常與完成時連用如:
I have lived in China in the last few years. 在過去的幾年內我在中國住。
28. be different from 與…不同
29. how to swim 怎樣游泳
不定式與疑問詞連用:動詞不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引導的疑問句連用,構成不定工短語。如:
The question is when to start. 問題是什麼時候開始。
I don』t know where to go. 我不知道去哪。
30. make sb./ sth. + 形容詞make you happy
make sb./ sth. + 動詞原形 make him laugh
31. move to +地方搬到某地如:I moved to Beijing last year.
32.It seems that +從句看起來好像……如:
It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起來他好像變了許多。
33. help sb. with sth. 幫某人某事
help sb. (to ) do sth. 幫某人做某事
She helped me with English.她幫助我學英語。
She helped me (to) study English。她幫助我學習英語。
34. fifteen-year-old 作形容詞15歲的
fifteen-year-olds 作名詞指15歲的人
fifteen years old 指年齡15歲如:
a fifteen-year-old boy一個15歲的男孩
Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15歲的人喜歡唱歌。
I am fifteen years old . 我是15歲。
35.支付不起… can』t /couldn』t afford to do sth.
can』t / couldn』t afford sth.
如:I can』t/couldn』t afford to buy the car.
I can』t/couldn』t afford the car. 我買不起這個輛小車。
36. as + 形容詞./副詞+as sb. could/can 盡某人的…能力如:
Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她盡她最快的能力去跑。
37. get into trouble with 遇到麻煩
38. in the end 最後
39. make a decision 下決定下決心
40. to one』s surprise 令某人驚訝如:
to their surprise令他們驚訝to LiLei』s surprise令李雷驚訝
41. take pride in sth. 以…而自豪如:
His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸總是以他而自豪
42. pay attention to sth. 對…注意,留心如:
You must pay attention to your friend. 你應該多注意你的朋友。
43. be able to do sth. 能做某事如:
She is able to do it. 她能夠做到。
44. give up doing sth. 放棄做某事如:
My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已經放棄吸煙了。
復合句與簡單句的轉化:
① when ------ at the age of …
② so…that…----- too… to…. / enough to …
③ so that…------ in order to do sth.
④ because…----- because of…
⑤ if ….----- without / with…
⑥ if…----- 祈使句+ and / or + 簡單句
⑦ 賓語從句----特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式
⑧ be afraid
be sure that +從句---- 動詞不定式
be sorry
⑨ It seems / seemed that sb….------ sb. seems / seemed to do sth.
⑩ Sb. hopes / hoped that ….-------sb. hopes / hoped to do sth.
二、短語
1. be more interested in 對…更感興趣.
2. on the swim team 游泳隊的隊員.
3. be terrified of 害怕.
4. gym class 體操課.
5. worry about. 擔心.
6. all the time 一直, 總是
7. chat with 與…閑聊
8. hardly ever 幾乎從不
9. walk to school = go to school on foot
take the bus to school = go to school by bus
10. as well as 不僅…而且
11. get into trouble 遇到麻煩
12. make a decision 做出決定
13. to one』s surprise 使某人吃驚的是
14. take pride in 為…感到驕傲
15. pay attention to 留心, 注意
16. consist of 由…組成/構成. be made up of 由…組成/構成.
17. instead of 代替, 而不是
18. in the end 最後, 終於
19. play the piano 彈鋼琴
三、句子
1.I used to be afraid of the dark. 我以前害怕黑暗.
2.I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我開著卧室的燈睡覺.
3.I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends. 以前我常常花很多時間和我的朋友們玩游戲.
4.I hardly ever have time for concerts. 我幾乎沒有時間去聽音樂會.
5.My life has changed a lot in the last few years.
6.It will make you stressed out. 那會使你緊張的.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
打不完了,這還是第二單元的,累死了
❺ 人教版九年級英語語法全解
復合句:有主句,有從句。從句修飾主句的謂語,說明謂語發生的時間/地點/方式版等等。
定語權從句:也是復合句的一種,修飾主句中的某個名次/代詞。
並列句:前後兩個句子是相等的,沒有主次之分,常用and/or/but/while等連接。
間接引語:把某人的話引用到自己的句中,不用引號表明,而是放在謂語動詞的後面變成了賓語從句。如:she asked who you were.
直接引語:把某人的話引用到自己的句中,用引號表明,如; "Who are you?" she asked.
不定試: 是非謂語的一種, to do, 在句子中作除了謂語之外的所有成分。