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英語虛擬語氣三種語法

發布時間:2021-02-06 21:54:41

① 英語虛擬語氣語法講解越詳細越好

虛擬語氣
一. 概念:用來表示說話人的主觀願望或假想所說的是一個條件,不一定是事實,或與事實相反。
二.真實條件句用陳述語氣
1.真實條件句表示的假想是真實的或有可能性
2.句型:條件從句(一般現在時)+主句(shall/will+動詞原形)
3.注意:當表示真理時,主句謂語動詞不用shall/will+動詞原形,而直接用一般現在時
三.虛擬語氣用於非真實條件句中
1.表示同現在事實相反的假想,可以表示現在,過去或將來的情況
2.表示同過去事實相反的假想
句型:條件從句(過去完成時had done)+主句(should/would have+過去分詞)
3.表示對將來的假想
句型:①條件從句為一般過去式;主句為should+動詞原形
②條件從句為were+動詞原形;主句為would
③條件從句為should+動詞原形; 主句為would
4.表示錯綜復雜的條件
有時,主句與從句的動作發生在不同的時間,一個發生在過去,一個發生在現在。
5.虛擬條件句的倒裝
虛擬條件句的從句部分含有were, should, 或had時, 可省略if,再把were, should或had 移到從句的句首,實行倒裝。
6.特殊的虛擬語氣詞should
1)在主語從句中的應用
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等結構的主語從句,謂語動詞用should 加動詞原形,should 可省略。
It is 可用的詞有三類 that (should)do
suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等
important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等
a pity, a shame, no wonder等
2)在賓語從句中的應用
在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動詞後面的從句中,像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do等。例如:
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 我建議下周召開個會議。
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.他要求被派到那兒去。
注意:如suggest, insist不表示"建議" 或"堅持要某人做某事時",即它們用於其本意"暗示、表明"、"堅持認為"時,賓語從句用陳述語氣。
3)在表語從句,同位語從句中的應用
suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名詞後面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣,即(should)+動詞原形。
wish的用法
1)wish後面的從句,表示與事實相反的情況,或表示將來不太可能實現的願望。其賓語從句的動詞形式為:
主句 從句
從句動作先於主句動詞動作(be的過去式為 were) 現在時 過去時
從句動作與主句動作同時發生(had + 過去分詞) 過去時 過去完成時
將來不大可能實現的願望 將來時 would/could +動詞原形
8. 比較if only與only if
only if表示"只有";if only則表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用於陳述語氣。
9.It is (high) time that
It is (high) time that 後面的從句謂語動詞要用過去式或用should加動詞原形,但should不可省略。
10.need "不必做"和"本不必做"
didn't need to do表示過去不必做某事, 事實上也沒做。
needn't have done表示過去不必做某事, 但事實上做了。
相關練習題
1.(B)The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain
B. rains
C. rained
D. is rained
考點:真實條件句主句為將來時,從句用一般現在時。
注意:
1)在真實條件句中,主句不能用be going to表示將來,該用shall, will.
(錯) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(對) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2)表示真理時,主句謂語動詞不用shall (will) +動詞原形,而直接用一般現在時的動詞形式
1.(C)_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I
B. I were
C. Were I
D. Was I
考點:在虛擬條件狀語中如果有were, should, had這三個詞,通常將if省略,主語提前, 變成 were, should, had +主語的形式。但要注意,在虛擬條件狀語從句中,省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動詞的縮略形式。如我們可說 Were I not to do, 而不能說 Weren't I to do。
2.(D)There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn't have hurried
B. couldn't have hurried
C. must not hurry
D. needn't have hurried
考點:needn't have done. 意為"本不必",即已經做了某事,而時實際上不必要。
Mustn't have done 用法不正確,對過去發生的事情進行否定性推斷應為couldn't have done, "不可能已經"。 must not do 不可以(用於一般現在時)。

② 英語語法虛擬語氣

虛擬語氣應該是必修3第一、二單元的知識點。
常規下虛擬語氣的考查點分兩個:
一是名詞性從句中should do結構,should可以省略。在名詞性從句中,如果出現表示「命令,建議,請求、計劃」的詞,不管它用於什麼名詞性從句,都要求使用虛擬語氣。如:
He suggested that we (should) finish the task on time.這是賓語從句,suggest是「建議」的意思。又如這詞用於表語從句:
His suggestion was that we (should) finish the task on time.
在這種從句中,要注意一點就是:如果從句的主語和謂語動詞之間是被動關系,那麼就要用(should) be done結構,就和情態動詞的被動形式一樣。如:
He ordered that the task (should) be finished on time.
二是條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣。從句和主句的謂語動詞有嚴格規定,如下:
從句, 主句
和現在相反: did/ were would/could/ should/ might do
和過去相反: had done would/could/ should/ might have doe
和將來相反: did/ were to do/ should do would/could/ should/ might do
如:如果當時你沒幫助我們,我們不可能完成這工程。
If you had not helped us then, we couldn't have completed the project.(與過去相反)。
如果我是你的話,我會用另一種方法。
If i were you, I would use another way to do it.(與現在相反),這句中,要注意到我用的是were.盡管主語是單數,虛擬語氣中的一般過去式,不能用was.
這些是基本規則,當然還有很多其他的。如:
I wish that....這個結構是個名詞性從句中的賓語從句,但是它使用的虛擬語氣不與我上面講到的相同。這個句型中,賓語從句的時態要往過去推前一步。即:如果與現在相反,用一般過去時,如果和過去相反,用過去完成時,如果與將來相反,用過去將來時。
如:I wish that i were a bird.與現在相反
I wish that i hadn't wasted a lot of time before.與過去相反。

③ 英語虛擬語氣具體語法。謝謝

虛擬語氣應該是強制性的知識點三個第一和第二單元。
下的虛擬語氣兩個常規測試點:

一,名詞性從句應該做的結構,應該被忽略。在名詞性從句,如果存在「命令,建議,要求,計劃」字,無論什麼名詞性從句時,需要使用虛擬語氣的。如:

他建議我們(應)完成任務的時間是賓語從句,提出了「建議」的意思。另一個例子是在表語從句中使用的詞:。

他的建議是,我們(應)完成任務的時間

在本節中,關鍵是要注意:如果句主語和被動動詞之間的關系,那麼他們會使用(應該)做結構,就像同樣的情態動詞的被動形式。如:

他下令任務(應該)按時完成

在虛擬語氣第二個條件狀語從句。子句和主句的動詞有嚴格的要求,具體如下:

子句,則主句

而現在正好相反:沒有/被會/可以/應該/可以做

和過去的相反的:做了會/可以/應該/可能有母鹿

和未來的相反:沒有/是做/應該做會/可以/應該/可以做

例如:如果當時你不幫我們,我們不能完成它的工作原理。

如果你沒有幫我們的話,我們就不能完成該項目。 (相對於過去)。

如果我是你,我會用另一種方法。

如果我是你,我會用另一種方式來做到這一點。 (現在的對面),短語,要注意,我用的是。盡管受試者是單數,一般假設語氣過去時,不能使用了。

這些是基本的規則,當然,還有很多其他的。如:

我希望....這種結構是賓語從句在名詞性從句,但它使用上述相同的虛擬語氣是不是和我在一起。這句話,時態的賓語從句走了一步過去。即:如果相反,與過去時,如果和過去相反,在過去使用時已完成,如果違反了現在和將來與過去的未來。

這樣的:我希望我是一隻鳥,現在相反

我希望我之前和過去相反..

要將所有沒有浪費了很多時間關於具體的,比較難,我建議你看看下面的語法書系統的通話效果會更好。

④ 虛擬語氣 3種格式

高二上學期英語語法總結
Grammar focus語法重點
1.The simple passive form of the infinitives.
不定式被動態的一般形式的內涵及用法。
2.Four functions of the infinitives used as subject,,object and adverbial.用作主語、定語、賓語和狀語的不定式的四種功能的用法。
本單元的語法項目是不定式的被動式,具體講解如下:
①當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示動作的承受者時,不定式一般用被動形式。不定式被動形式在句中可作主語、表語、狀語、補語等。如:
To be obeyed was natural to her.她生性讓別人聽命於她。(作主語)
The problem remained to be solved.這個問題還有待解決。(作表語)
It needs not to be said that they are very happy together.
不必說他們在一起非常幸福。(作賓語)
There were plans to be made at once.要立即制定計劃。(作定語)
He has returned only to be sent away again.
他回來以後又被打發走了。(作狀語)
The captain ordered the flag to be hoisted.
船長命令升旗。(作賓語補足語)
The book is intended to be read and not to be torn.
這書是供人閱讀的而不是供人撕毀的。(作主語補足語)
②在某些句子中,不定式雖表被動,但仍用主動形式。如:
What is to pay?要付多少錢?
The reason is not far to seek.道理很淺顯。
He gave me some books to read.他給了我一些書讀。
We found the report easy to understand.我們發現這些報告很容易懂。

不定式作主語、定語、賓語和狀語的功能和用法講解如下:
由於不定式有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特點,所以它在句中可做主語、表語、賓語、定語、同位語、狀語、補語等。但由於時間關系,今天我只把不定式作主語、定語、賓語和狀語的用法講解一下。
1)作主語。如:
To see is to believe.眼見為實。
To serve the people is our ty.為人民服務是我們的職責。
在日常英語中,常用it作為語法上的主語,即形式主語,而將真正的主語放在後面。
It is our ty to serve the people.為人民服務是我們的職責。
2)作賓語。如:
I couldn't afford to buy a new car.我買不起汽車。
Have you decided to marry him?你決定嫁給他嗎?
有些動詞常常跟不定式作賓語,它們是:want,wish,hate,prefer,hope,continue,manage,try,ask,offer,start,forget,remember,begin,decide,agree,choose,learn,pretend,promise,mean,expect,desire等。
另外,在一些復合賓語中,常用it代表不定式作為形式賓語,而將真正的賓語不定式放在後面。如:
I thought it right to do this test.我認為做這項實驗是對的。
3)作定語。通常都置於被修飾名詞或代詞之後。如:
This is the best way to solve this problem.
這是解決這個問題的最好辦法。
I have a lot of work to do.我有許多工作要做。
如果不定式和它所修飾的詞有邏輯上的動賓關系,且這個不定式是不及物動詞,則它後面需有必要的介詞。如:
He is a good comrade to work with.他是一個很好共事的同志。
There is nothing to think about.沒什麼值得考慮的。
4)作狀語,表示目的、結果、原因等。如:
He went home to see his parents.他回家看望父母。(表目的)
I turned the radio down so as not to disturb you.
我把收音機音量調小,以免打擾你。(表目的)
The problem is too hard to understand.
這問題太難了,理解不了。(表結果)
What have I done to make you unhappy?
我做了什麼事使你不高興?(表結果)
I'm glad to hear the news.聽了這消息,我很高興。(表原因)
I was surprised to see him there.
我真想不到會在那裡見到他。(表原因)
Grammar focus語法重點
The past participle used as attribute and predicative
用作定語和表語的過去分詞

本單元的語法項目是過去分詞作定語、表語。它們的用法講解如下:
1)過去分詞作定語。如果是及物動詞的過去分詞作定語,過去分詞與被修飾詞有邏輯上的被動關系,且表完成的狀態;如果是不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語,過去分詞與被修飾詞在邏輯上沒有主被動關系之說,所以不及物動詞的過去分詞只表完成的狀態。但有些表示思想感情的過去分詞如astonished,disappointed,excited,frightened,interested,pleased,surprised,tired,worried等既不表主動,又不表完成。此外,作定語的過去分詞如果是單詞,一般放在被修飾詞的前面;作定語的過去分詞如果是動詞短語,一般放在被修飾詞的後面。如:
We need more qualified teachers.我們需要更多的合格老師。
He stepped carelessly on some broken glass.
他不小心踩到了碎玻璃上了。
The letter written by my brother is on the desk.
我兄弟寫的信在桌子上。
The TV set made in China are good quality.
中國製造的電視機質量很好。
You can drink boiled water,not boiling water.
你可以喝白開水,但不可以喝沸騰的水。
From his disappointed look,I knew he didn't pass the examination.
從他的失望表情看,我知道他沒通過考試。
2)作表語,過去分詞作表語,多表示主語的狀態。如:
This machine part is broken.這個機器零件壞了。
He looked very excited.他看起來很激動。
有些過去分詞實際上已被看成形容詞了,常見的有:delighted,disappointed,discouraged,drunk,amused,astonished,hurt,interested,crowded,tired,satisfied,pleased,surprised,worried,excited,married,puzzled,upset等。
Grammar focus語法重點
The Past Participle used as Object Complement
用作賓補的過去分詞
本單元的語法項目是過去分詞作賓補,你能把它的用法講解一下嗎?
師:過去分詞作賓補,與前面的賓語有邏輯上的被動關系且表動作的完成。
1)作表感覺或心理狀態的動詞的賓補,它們是:see,hear,watch,feel,find,think等
We hear the music played by the band.我們聽了樂隊演奏這首樂曲。
I found her greatly changed.我發現她變化很大。
Everybody thought the battle lost.人人都認為這場戰役輸掉了。
2)作使役動詞的賓補,它們是:make,keep,leave,have,get,help等
When you speak,you have to make yourself understood.
說話時要讓人聽懂。
Please keep us informed of the latest development.
請隨時向我們通報事態的最新發展。
I must get my bike repaired.我必須請人修自行車。
3)作表希望或要求的動詞的賓補,它們是:want,like,wish,prefer,need,declare,report,order,acknowledge等。這種用法與不定式的被動形式作賓補基本相同。
I don't want any of you(to be)involved in the scandal.
我不要你們任何人牽涉到丑聞中去。
The viewers wish the serial film(to be)continued.
觀眾們希望這部系列片繼續下去。
She needs the work(to be)done before tomorrow.
他要此項工程明天以前完成。
Grammar focus語法重點
The Past Participle used as Adverbial
用作狀語的過去分詞
本單元課文中出現了許多過去分詞作狀語的句子,您能把這一語法現象講解一下嗎?
師:無論過去分詞作狀語還是現在分詞作狀語,分詞的邏輯主語都要和主句的主語一致。過去分詞與主句的主語應是被動關系。過去分詞作狀語,表示時間、原因、讓步或伴隨等,這種過去分詞通常相當於狀語從句。下面我將舉例說明。
1)表時間
(When the metal is)Heated,the metal expands.加熱後,這種金屬會膨脹。(The couple took good care of the baby while(the couple was)occupied by their work.這對夫婦一邊工作,一邊很好地照顧這個嬰兒。
像第二句那樣當強調實踐概念時,過去分詞之前可用連詞when,while。
2)表原因
(As he was)Greatly surprised,he couldn't say a word.
他大吃一驚,一時說不出話來。
(Because she was)Scolded by the teacher,the girl felt unfair.
那姑娘因受老師責備,而憤憤不平。
3)表讓步
Even if(I were)invited,I wouldn't go.即使受邀請,我也不願去。
Though(they were)defeated again and again,they went on fighting.盡管一再遭受挫敗,他們仍然繼續戰斗。
4)表伴隨
He stared at me(he was)astonished.他兩眼瞪著我,驚恐萬狀。
Einstein walked along the street,(he was)lost in thought.愛因斯坦漫步街頭,沉浸在思索中。
Grammar focus語法重點
Noun Clauses introced by relating pronoun「that」
由關系代詞「that」引導的名詞性從句
本單元的語法項目是關聯詞「that」引導的名詞性從句,你能把它的內涵及用法講解一下嗎?
that引導名詞性從句時,本身沒有什麼意思,它只起一個連接作用。①that引導主語從句時,一般不可省略,且可把that所引導的主語從句放在後面,前面用it代替that從句;當然,當主句用了被動語態或是一般疑問句時多用it作形式主語;如主句是感嘆句時,必須用it作形式主語,把that從句放在後面。②引導及物動詞的賓語從句時,在不引起歧義的情況下,that可以省略;that很少引導介詞的賓語從句(中學階段常見的能引導that從句的介詞有:except、but、in等),如介詞引導that從句作賓語,常常在其後加it,在加that從句作賓語。③that從句作表語從句,一般不可省略。④that從句作同位語從句,一般不可省略。請看下列例句:
That we shall be late is certain.=It is certain that we shall be late.
我們要晚了,這是確定無疑的。
It is said that he's got married.聽說他結婚了。
How strange it is that the children are so quiet!
真奇怪孩子們如此安靜。
He told me(that)he would come to Gu'an the next day.
他告訴我第二天他來固安。
He did come here in that he had another thing to do.
他沒來是因為他有其他事要做。
You can depend on it that he is a millionaire.
你就放心吧,他是百萬富翁。
The fact is that he doesn't understand English at all.
事實上他根本不懂英語。
I know the fact that the doesn't understand English at all.
我知道他根本不懂英語(那個事實)。
如何區別 where 引導的定語從句與狀語從句
1.where 引導定語從句時,where 是關系副詞,在從句中作地點狀語,其前面有表示地點的先行詞,where 引導的從句修飾先行詞。例如:
The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here.
我買這本書的那個書店離這里不遠。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
這就是我兩年前住的那所房子。
We will start at the point where we left off.
我們將從上次停下來的地方開始。
2.where 引導狀語從句時,where 是從屬連詞,where 引導的從句修飾主句的謂語動詞,where 前面沒有表示地點的先行詞。例如:
Wuhan lies where the Changjiang River and the Han Jiang River meet.
武漢位於長江和漢江的匯合處。
Mark a mark where you have any doubts or questions.在有疑問的地方做一個記號。
I found my books where I had left them.我在我原來放書的地方找到了我的書。
有時,where 引導的地點狀語從句兼有抽象條件含義,可放在主句的前面,而 where 引導的定語從句則不能。例如:
Where there is a will,there is a way.(諺語)有志者事竟成。
Where there is water,there is life.有水的地方就有生命。
3.在有些情況下,where 引導的定語從句可轉換為 where 引導的地點狀語從句。例如:
A tall building was put up at the place where there used to be a desert.( = A tall building was put up where there used to be a desert.)在以前曾是沙漠的地方蓋起了一幢高樓。
Bamboo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often.( = Bamboo grows best where it is warm and where it rains often.溫暖而多雨的地方最適合於竹子生長。
Grammar focus語法重點
Noun Clauses Introced by Question Words
由疑問詞引導的名詞性從句
[講解]由疑問詞引導的名詞性從句多作主語從句、賓語從句或表語從句,偶爾也作同位語從句。在作上述從句時,其句型結構應該採用以下兩種:
1.疑問詞 + 主語 + 謂語動詞 + 其他
2.本身是主語的疑問詞 + 謂語動詞 + 其他
不管採用哪種句型,其詞序總是正裝的,即主語必須置於謂語動詞前面。
[例句]
1)What you need is more practice.(主語從句)
2)What is hard is to do good all one's life and never do anything bad.(主語從句)
3)I can't imagine when we will be able to travel in space.(動詞賓語從句)
4)This reminded me of what he had once told us.(介詞賓語從句)
5)The problem is whether robots will be smarter than humans.(表語從句)
6)Scientists have not found answers to the question why there is no life on Mars.(同位語從句)
Grammar focus語法重點
虛擬語氣
語氣是一種動詞形式,表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態度。英語中共有三種語氣:陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣。本單元所講的是虛擬語氣。
虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式,用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實,而只是一種願望、假設、懷疑、建議、猜測、可能或純粹的空想等。
本單元要學習關於虛擬語氣的以下三個用法:
1.虛擬語氣在一般現在時的條件句和主句中的謂語動詞的形式如下:
從 句 主 句
過去式(be用were) would + 動詞原形
[例句]
1)If I knew German,I would read Das Capital in the original.
要是我懂德文,我就讀《資本論》的原文。
2)If he were here now,everything would be all right.
要是他現在在這兒,一切就都沒問題了。
3)How nice it would be if I could stay a bit longer!
2.虛擬語氣在wish後的賓語從句中的應用。
如果該賓語從句表示一般現在時,其動詞一律用其過去式形式,be用were;如果該從句表示一般過去時,其動詞形式要用:had + 過去分詞;如果該從句表示現在進行時,其動詞形式要用were/was + 現在分詞;如果該從句表示一般將來時,其動詞形式要用:would/could + 動詞原形。
[例句]
1)I wish I were/was as strong as you.
2)I wish I remembered his phone number.
3)I wish I had not forgotten his address the other day.
4)How I wish it weren't/wasn't raining now!
5)I wish he would try again.
3.虛擬語氣在含有as if引導的從句中的動詞形式與wish後的賓語從句中的動詞形式相同。
1)He acts as if he were/was an expert.
2)It seems as if it were/was spring.
3)They are talking as if they had been friends for years.
Grammar focus語法重點
Subjunctive Mood in the Past Tense and the Future Tense
一般過去時與一般將來時中的虛擬語氣
[ ]表示過去情況的虛擬條件句的主句與從句中謂語動詞的主要形式如下:
從 句 主 句
had + 過去分詞 would have + 過去分詞
[例句]
1.If we had left a little earlier,we would have caught the train.
2.If I hadn't taken your advice,I would have made a bad mistake.
3.You wouldn't have caught cold if you had put on more clothes.
[ ]表示將來情況的虛擬條件句的主句與從句中的謂語動詞的主要形式如下:
從 句 主 句
were to/should + 動詞原形 would + 動詞原形
[例句]
1.If I were to study at Harvard University next year,I would major in biology.
2.If he were to/should travel on Mars in the future,he would drive a space wagon all over it.
註:在虛擬條件中,有時可以把表示假設的從屬連詞if省掉不用,在此語境中,就把從句中的助動詞had,should或were移至其主語前,如:
1.Had we made enough preparations,we might have succeeded in doing the experiment.
2.Were they to act like that again,we would/should criticize them severely.
3.Should we fail again next time,we wouldn't lose courage.
Grammar focus語法重點
Inversion 倒裝
主語與謂語有兩種順序:一是主語在前,這和漢語是一致的,稱為自然語序或正裝語序。反之,如果謂語的全部或一部分置於主語之前,就是倒裝語序。
產出倒裝語序主要有兩個原因:語法結構的要求;第二種則是修辭上措辭和安排的需要。下面就是按兩種要求講授本單元有關倒裝語序的知識。
1.主謂倒裝
A)凡表方位、方向或時間的副詞或介詞片語處於句首時往往引起主謂倒裝。如:
1)There exist different opinions on this question.
關於這個問題存在著不同的意見。
2)Here comes the old lady.那位老太太來了。
3)Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.
我們期待的時刻到來了。
4)Up went the arrow into the air.
颼的一聲箭射上了天空。
5)Now comes your turn.現在輪到你了。
6)Through the air hurtled a jet-plane.
呼地一聲在天空中飛過一架噴氣式飛機。
B)否定詞置於句首,引起部分倒裝(助動詞或情態動詞移至主語前),如:
1)Never before has our country been so prosperous.
我們的國家從來沒有這樣繁榮昌盛。
2)Hardly did I think it possible.我幾乎認為這是不可能的。
3)On no account should we follow blindly.我們決不應盲從。
C)「only + 狀語」置於句首引起部分倒裝,如:
1)Only after a bitter struggle was the aim achieved.
只有在艱苦鬥爭之後這一目標才得以實現。
2)Only in this way can we hope to improve the situation there.
只有用這種方式我們才有可能改善那裡的局勢。
D)省略了if的虛擬條件句中要用部分倒裝,如:
1)Should anyone phone me,tell him to call me again in two hours' time.
萬一有人給我打電話,叫他兩小時以後再給我打。
2)Had I been informed earlier,I might not have bought the air ticket.
要是早點通知我,我就可能不買那機票了。
2.表語倒裝
當表語置於句首,其系動詞也就隨之移至主語前形成完全倒裝,如:
1)Near the southern end of the village was a large apple orchard.
靠近村子南頭是一個很大的蘋果園。
2)Among its exhibits are computers and mobile phones made in China.
在展品中有中國製造的電腦和手機。
3)Their grandparents are very warm-hearted,as are their parents.
他們的祖父母是非常熱心的人,他們的父母也一樣。
Grammar focus語法重點
Ellipsis省略
在有些英語句子中,某些成分被省略掉了,這樣的句子稱為省略句(Elliptical Sentences)。一般說來在上下文已經交待清楚的情況下,可以省略那些已經提到的或不言而喻的部分。
省略是避免重復、突出重要內容和使上下文緊密連接的一種語言手段。
省略可出現於簡單句、並列復合句和主從復合句中。
一、常被省略的部分
1.省略主語
Beg your pardon?請再說一遍。(省略I)
2.省略謂語或謂語的一部分
He is a doctor and his wife a teacher.
他是醫生,他妻子是老師。(省略is)
I will do the best I can.我將盡力而為。(省略do)
3.省略表語
表語的省略指的是:在主系表句子中,回答其問句時省略表語。這種省略已成固定格式,如果不省略反而不成句子習慣。There be句型的回答以及其反意問句的後半部分也要用省略式。
—Are you hungry?你餓嗎?
—Yes,I am.(hungry).我餓。
4.省略賓語
This is the book(that)you're looking for.
5.主語和謂語(系動詞)一起省略
—What would you like to eat?—你要吃什麼?
—(I would like)Rice and meat.—米飯和肉。
6.在if,when,though,as if等引導的從句中,如果其謂語動詞是be,可將主語一起省略。Don't speak while(you are)eating.吃飯時別說話。
7.一般疑問句的省略回答中動詞只用系動詞、情態動詞、助動詞
Can you swim?Yes,I can/No,I can't.
8.只保留一個主要句子成分,其餘全部省略。
What did you get?A book.(保留賓語)
Wait!(保留謂語)
9.the reason why,the time when等限定性定語從句中可省略關系副詞。
This is the place(where)we came last month.
這就是我們上個月來過的地方。
That was the reason(why)he had not arrived on time.
這就是他沒按時到達的原因。

⑤ 虛擬語氣有哪幾種形式

虛擬語氣

虛擬語氣(Subjunctive Mood)這一語法項目是各類英語考試中心測試的重點之一。虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式,用來表示說話人所說的話並不是事實,而是一種假設、願望、懷疑或推測。判斷是真實條件句還是非真實條件句。只有在非真實條件句中才使用虛擬語氣。通過句子意思,看假設的條件是否能夠實現,能夠實現是真實條件句,不能使用虛擬語氣;假設的條件不能實現則是非真實條件句,要用虛擬語氣.判斷這個假設是與哪個事實相反。通常有三種情況:①與過去事實相反。②與現在事實相反。③與將來事實可能相反

I: 最基本的虛擬語氣句型:
1. 虛擬現在時表示與現在事實相反的假設,其if 從句的謂語形式用動詞的過
去式(be 一般用were),主句用would/ should/ could/ might +動詞原形。
If places were a like, there would be little need for geographers.
如果各個地方都一樣,就不需要地理學家了。

2. 虛擬過去時是表示與過去事實相反的假設,if 從句的謂語形式用過去完成時
即had+過去分詞,主句用would / should / could / might + have +過去分詞。
If he had known your address yesterday, he would have telephoned you.

3. 虛擬將來時是表示對將來實現的可能性很小的或不確定的假設。If從句的謂
語形式用一般過去式或用were to / should +動詞原形,主句用would / should
/could/ might +動詞原形。
If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday
4. 省略if 採用倒裝語序的條件句。
有時可以把含有助動詞、情態動詞、be或have的虛擬條件句中的連詞if 省去,而將had , should, were 等 詞
提到主語之前,即用倒裝結構。
Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.
Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.
Were I in your place, I wouldn』t do that
5. 有時虛擬條件句並沒來if 從句表示出來,而是用介詞短語(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方 式來表示。
We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
Without you help, I wouldn』t have achieved so much.
But for your help, I would not have succeeded.

II: 虛擬語氣在從句中用should的情況:
1. 在建議,要求,命令,想法後的動詞後的從句里, 用should + 動詞原形, should 可以省略. 如 advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote. 常考到的是: suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request.
His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence.
The author proposed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour every day.

2. 在建議,要求,命令,想法後的名詞後的從句里, 用should + 動詞原形, should可以省略. 如 advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc.
It was Bill』s suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
His suggestion was that everyone (should) have a map.
He gave us a suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.

3. 在It is/was +形容詞後的that 從句中用should的結構, should 可以省略. 這類形容詞常見的有: advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(絕對必要), impossible, improper, important, natural, necessary, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.
It『s natural that she (should) do so.
It is essential that we (should) tell her the news.

4. 在 lest 和 for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)從句中用should, should 可以省略.
She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates.
Have your gun ready in case we should need it.

III: wish 後的 that 從句中:
1. 表示現在或將來的願望,從句中過去式.
I wish I knew his address.
I wish I were young.

2. 表示過去沒有實現或不可能實現的願望, 從句用過去完成式或would, could, might + have + 過去分詞.
I wish you had written to him.
I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

3. 如果將wish改成wished, 其後that 從句中的動詞形式不變.
4. 如果that 從句中用would , 一般表示 對現狀不滿或希望未來有所改變 或請求
I wish he would answer my letter.
I wish prices would come down.
I wish you would help me.
I wish you would stop asking silly questions.

IV: 在 It』s about/ high/ first(second, third etc) time 後的that 從句中, 用過去式. 表示 「該是做什麼的時候了」
It is about time you were in bed.
It is high time we left.
It is the first time I came here.

V: 在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 後的that從句中, 用過去式或過去完成式, 表示」寧願做什麼」
I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.

VI: 在if only 感嘆句中, 謂語動詞與wish賓語從句的虛擬形式相同.
If only he didn』t drive so fast! (現在)
If only she had asked someone』s advice.(過去)
If only the rain would stop.(將來)

VII: 在as if / as though 從句中, 表示和現在事實相反或對現在情況有所懷疑, 用過去式; 表示過去想像中的動作或情況, 用過去完成式.
He speaks as if he were on the spot.
She spoke to me as if I were deaf.
This device operated as though it had been repaired.

注: 1. 在 as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成為事實, 用陳述語氣.
He looks as if he is going to be ill.
2. 在 insist 後的從句中, 如果是堅持自己, 用陳述語氣, 堅持別人做什麼事情, 用虛擬語氣.
she insists that she is right.
she insisted that I should finish the work at once.

⑥ 高考英語虛擬語氣語法總結

虛擬語氣,對過去虛擬,從句用過去完成時

虛擬語氣是一種動詞形式,表示說話人的一種願望,假設,懷疑,猜測, 建議等含義,虛擬語氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實。

If I were you, I'd take them away.

如果我是你的話,我就會帶走他們。

If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him.

如果我碰見了李華,我就告訴了他了。

If I had time. I could come to help you.

如果我有時間,我會來幫助你的。

He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups.

他建議說我們的班應該分成五個小組。

He speaks to us as if he had been there.

他給我們講的好象他去過那兒。

虛擬語氣的用法

1) 虛擬語氣用在簡單句中,表示祝願,命令。

May you be happy.

祝你幸福。

May you have a good time.

祝願你玩的痛快。

May the friendship between us last long.

祝願我們的友情天長地久。

Have a good journey!

祝願你旅途愉快!

You go out!

你出去!

2) 虛擬語氣用在賓語從句中。動詞 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等詞後面的賓語從句表示的是一種虛擬語氣, 賓語從句中的動詞動作表示的只是一種願望,要求。

I wish she would be on my side.

我希望她能站在我一邊。

I wish I could help him.

我希望我能幫助他。

He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.

他堅持要我們大家想盡辦法按時去那兒。

動詞 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 後面的從句中,"should" 可以省略。

The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.

老師建議我們課後把黑板擦了。

He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.

他要求學生每周都要自己洗衣服。

3) 虛擬語氣用在主語從句中。

在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... " 中,that 後面的從句中的謂語動詞用: should + 動詞原形

It's necessary that we should have a walk now.

我們有必要出去散散步。

It's natural that she should do so.

她這樣做是很自然的。

It's important that we should take good care of the patient.

重要的是我們要照顧好病人。

4) 虛擬語氣用在狀語從句中。

虛擬語氣最多地用在表示條件的狀語從句和表示結果的主句中。在表示與事實相反的虛擬語氣時,動詞有三種時態形式,即現在,過去和將來。

與現在事實相反的:

條件從句 結果從句
If I (we,you,he,they)+ 動詞過去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 動詞原形。 He (you,they) would + 動詞原形。

與過去事實相反的:

條件從句 結果從句
If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 過去分詞 I(we)should + have+ 過去分詞。He (you,they) would + have + 過去分詞。

If I were you, I should buy it.

如果我是你,我就買了它。

If I had time, I would study French.

如果我有時間,我會學習法語的。

If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.

如果她懂英語的話,她不會找我幫忙的。

If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.

如果你早一點起床,就會趕上火車的。

If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping.

如果明天天氣好,我就去買東西。

有關虛擬語氣的幾個問題:

1) 有時if引導的狀語從句可以省略 if,而把從句中的動詞 were, had 或 should 移到主語前面。

Were she younger, she would do it .

如果她年青點, 她就會乾的。

Had he known her address, he would had gone to visite her.

如果他知道她的地址,他會去看她的。

2) 有時表示虛擬語氣的條件從句或者主句都可以省略,而只剩下一個主句或者一個條件從句。

I could help you.

我本來可以幫助你。

If I had time.

我要有時間該多好啊。

She should have come to the party.

她應該來參加聚會。

If he had much more money.

如果他有更多的錢就能...。

3) 虛擬語氣中,條件從句的動詞動作可以和主句的動詞動作時態不一致。

If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.

如果他們以前努力學習的話,現在乾的就會容易些。

If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.

如果他不聽取我的建議,他就不會幹得這樣好。

⑦ 英語 虛擬語氣語法

虛擬語氣
1、在非真實條件句中,謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。非真實條件有以下三類:
(1)與現在事實相反的非真實條件句,謂語動詞形式如下:
從句:過去時 主句:would/should/could/might+動詞原形。如
If I were you, I would ask our teacher for advice.
如果我是你的話,我就請教老師。
(2)與過去事實相反的非真實條件句,謂語動詞形式如下:
從句:過去完成時 主句:would/should/could/ might +have+動詞過去分詞。如
If I hadn't taken the wrong bus, I wouldn't have missed the contest.
如果我沒有搭錯車,我就不會不參加競賽。
(3)與將來事實相反的非真實條件句,謂語動詞形式如下:
從句:過去時/should /were to +動詞原形 主句:would/should/could/might+動詞原形。如
If I had enough money next month, I would buy a of "The Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English".
如果我下個月有足夠的錢,我就會買一本《現代高級英語學習詞典》。
(4)混合時間條件句:主句和從句不一定用指同一時間的動詞。如
If I had learned French, I would be able to interpret for our French friend.
假如我以前學過法語,現在就能給我們的法國朋友當翻譯。
(註:if從句與過去事實相反,用過去完成時;而主句與現在事實相反,用would+動詞原形。)
(5)含蓄條件句:有時假設的條件不通過條件從句來表示而含蓄在介詞短語或上下文中。如:
Without the warmth and light of the sun, the earth's vegetation would die almost immediately.
沒有太陽的熱量和光,地球上的植物幾乎會馬上死去。
2、虛擬語氣在某些從句中的應用:
(1)用於suggest, order, insist, demand等動詞後的賓語從句,如
We suggested that they (should)make a trip to Hong Kong next year.
我建議他們明年去香港旅遊。
(2)用於wish後的賓語從句
①與現在事實相反的願望
句型:主語+wish+從句(主語+過去時…)
I wish I were you.
但願我是你多好呀。
How I wish it wasn't raining!
現在要是不下雨該多好啊! (我多麼希望現在不下雨。)
②與過去事實相反的願望
句型:主語+wish+從句(主語+過去完成時…)
I wish I had learned more.
我多麼希望我以前多學一些啊!
He wishes he hadn't made the big mistake.
他要是不犯那個大錯誤該多好啊!
③與將來的願望相反(願望難以實現)
句型:主語+wish+從句(主語+過去將來時…)
The last chance has been lost. How he wishes he could have another chance.
最後一次機會失去了,他多麼希望他能再有一次機會啊!
(3)用於as if (as though)引導的從句
在as if (as though)引導的從句中,如果談論的是不可能或不真實的情況,它們所引導的表示虛擬性比喻或方式的狀語從句要用虛擬語氣。動詞形式和wish後面的從句中動詞形式變化相同。
He speakes English as if he were an Englishman.
他說起英語好象他是個英國人似的。
They talked about the city as if (though) they had been there before.
他們談論那座城市,就好像他們以前去過那兒似的。
He stood up as if (though) he would speak.
他站起來好像要發言似的。
注意:當as if (though)引導的從句用於動詞seem, appear, look, sound, smell等後面時,as if (though)從句的謂語有時依句意需要,也可用陳述語氣,表示說話者認為有可能是事實的事。試比較:
It seems as if she knew me.
好像他早就認識我似的。 (事實上他不認識我。)
It seems as if she knows me.
好像他認識我。 (事實上他認識我的可能性很大。)
(4)用於in order that ,so that引導的目的狀語從句。如
The professor spoke slowly in order that the listeners could hear hem clearly.
教授說的很慢,好讓聽眾聽清楚。
(5)用於It is (high) time引起的從句。如
It is time we stopped this practice.
現在是結束這種做法的時候了。

⑧ if在虛擬語氣中三種用法的公式是什麼

我是英語專業的,或許能幫助你: 樓主記得給分~!!虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式,用來表示說話人所說的話並不是事實,而是一種假設、願望、懷疑或推測。判斷是真實條件句還是非真實條件句。只有在非真實條件句中才使用虛擬語氣。通過句子意思,看假設的條件是否能夠實現,能夠實現是真實條件句,不能使用虛擬語氣;假設的條件不能實現則是非真實條件句,要用虛擬語氣.判斷這個假設是與哪個事實相反。通常有三種情況:①與過去事實相反。②與現在事實相反。③與將來事實可能相反。

I: 最基本的虛擬語氣句型:
1. 虛擬現在時表示與現在事實相反的假設,其if 從句的謂語形式用動詞的過去式(be 一般用were),主句用would/ should/ could/ might +動詞原形。If places were alike, there would be little need for geographers.如果各個地方都一樣,就不需要地理學家了。
2. 虛擬過去時是表示與過去事實相反的假設,if 從句的謂語形式用過去完成時即had+過去分詞,主句用would / should / could / might + have +過去分詞。If he had known your address yesterday,he would have telephoned you.
3. 虛擬將來時是表示對將來實現的可能性很小的或不確定的假設。If從句的謂語形式用一般過去式或用were to / should +動詞原形,主句用would / should/could/ might +動詞原形。If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday
4. 省略if 採用倒裝語序的條件句。有時可以把含有助動詞、情態動詞、be或have的虛擬條件句中的連詞if省去,而將had , should, were 等詞提到主語之前,即用倒裝結構。If he had worked harder, he would have got through the exams.==>Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday.==>Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.If I were in your place, I wouldn』t do that.==>Were I in your place, I wouldn』t do that.
5. 有時虛擬條件句並沒用if 從句表示出來,而是用介詞短語(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式來表示。如:We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. Without you help, I wouldn』t have achieved so much. But for (「要不是......」的意思)your help, I would not have succeeded.
II: 虛擬語氣在從句中用should的情況:
1. 在表示建議,要求,命令,想法的動詞後的從句里, 用should + 動詞原形, should 可以省略. 如 advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote.常考到的是: suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request.

His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence.

The author proposed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour every day.
2. 在表示建議,要求,命令,想法的名詞後的從句里, 用should + 動詞原形, should可以省略. 如 advice, decision,agreement, command, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc.

It was Bill』s suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.

His suggestion was that everyone (should) have a map.

He gave us a suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
3. 在It is/was +形容詞後的that 從句中用should的結構, should 可以省略. 這類形容詞常見的有: advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(絕對必要), impossible, improper, important, natural, necessary, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.

It『s natural that she (should) do so.

It is essential that we (should) tell her the news.

4. 在 lest 和 for fear that(以免),in case(以防)從句中用should, should 可以省略.

She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates.

Have your gun ready in case we should need it.

III: wish 後的 that 從句中:
1. 表示現在或將來的願望,從句中過去式.

I wish I knew his address.

I wish I were young.

2. 表示過去沒有實現或不可能實現的願望, 從句用過去完成式或would, could, might + have + 過去分詞.

I wish you had written to him.

I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

3. 如果將wish改成wished, 其後that 從句中動詞的形式不變.

4. 如果that 從句中用would , 一般表示 對現狀不滿或希望未來有所改變或請求

I wish he would answer my letter.

I wish prices would come down.

I wish you would help me.

I wish you would stop asking silly questions.

IV: 在 It』s about/ high/ first(second, third etc)time 後的that 從句中,用過去式.表示「該是做什麼的時候了」

It is about time you were in bed.

It is high time we left.

It is the first time I came here.

V: 在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 後的that從句中,用過去式或過去完成式,表示「寧願做什麼」

I would rather he came tomorrow than today.

John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.
VI: 在if only(「如果....就好了」的意思) 感嘆句中,謂語動詞與wish賓語從句的虛擬形式相同.

If only he didn』t drive so fast!(現在)

If only she had asked someone』s advice.(過去)

If only the rain would stop.(將來)
VII: 在as if / as though 從句中,表示和現在事實相反或對現在情況有所懷疑,用過去式;表示過去想像中的動作或情況, 用過去完成式.

He speaks as if he were on the spot.

She spoke to me as if I were deaf.

This device operated as though it had been repaired.

注: 1. 在 as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成為事實, 用陳述語氣.

He looks as if he is going to be ill.

2. 在 insist 後的從句中, 如果是堅持自己, 用陳述語氣, 堅持別人做什麼事情, 用虛擬語氣.

She insists that she is right.

She insisted that I should finish the work at once.

⑨ 英語虛擬語氣有哪幾種用法。

1.主語從句中的虛擬語氣主語從句中的虛擬語氣主要取決於某些形容詞和過去分詞,用來表示建議、命令、要求、驚異和失望等。其形式為:(should)+動詞原形。2.表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣在表示建議、命令、主張、目的和願望等名詞後面的表語從句和同位語從句中謂語動詞要求使用虛擬語氣。其形式為:(should)+動詞原形。
3.賓語從句中的虛擬語氣

1)某些動詞後所接賓語從句中的謂語動詞要求用虛擬語氣,用來表示建議、命令和要求等。其形式為:(should)+動詞原形。
2)在以it為形式賓語的復合賓語從句中也可以用虛擬語氣,其形式為:(should)+動詞原形。這一句型中使用的形容詞(賓補)與主語從句中的虛擬語氣所使用的形容詞相同。3)wish後面所跟的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣表示某種不能實現的願望。

其主要形式有三種:
表示對現在情況的虛擬:wish +主語+動詞過去式或were表示對過去情況的虛擬:wish +主語+ had +過去分詞表示對將來情況的虛擬:wish +主語+ would +動詞原形。4. if條件句中的虛擬語氣形式1)if非真實條件句所表示的假設則是不可能或不大可能發生或實現的,句中的主句與從句都用虛擬語氣。
在if非真實虛擬條件句中,主句和從句謂語動詞主要有下面幾種形式:
假設類型條件從句謂語動詞形式主句謂語動詞形式與現在事實相反動詞過去時(be用were)Should(would,could,might)+動詞原形與過去事實相反Had +過去分詞Should(would,could, might)+ have +過去分詞與將來事實可能相反動詞過去時(should+動詞原形,were to +動詞原形)Should(would,could,might)+動詞原形
5.含蓄虛擬條件句1)有時假設的情況並不以條件從句形式表示出來,而是通過一個介詞短語或其他方式表示。常用的詞或短語有:without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but等。6.其他句型中的虛擬語氣1)在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well和would prefer等後面所跟的從句中,也可以用虛擬語氣,表示願望,意為「寧願、但願」。這就是個大概吧,我從我們的大學英語教師版網路部分裡面貼過來的,這些應該都是你能看懂的,其他的,我感覺有點難度的就略去了,希望對你有幫助,謝謝

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