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英語中各種語法

發布時間:2021-02-06 20:05:41

1. 英語中語法那些全列舉出來

簡單說說吧:非限定動詞非限定動詞又稱非謂語動詞,即在句中不能單獨作謂語,不受主語的人稱和數的限制。非謂語動詞有三種,即不定式、分詞和動名詞。本單元要求學員掌握三種非謂語動詞的基本形式和用法;掌握不定時的被動式;不帶to 的不定式;三種非謂語動詞的復合結構(即帶邏輯主語的不定式、分詞和動名詞)的形式及用法;現在分詞與過去分詞的區別;動名詞與不定式的比較;現在分詞與不定式的比較等。虛擬語氣語氣是一種動詞形式,用以表示說話者的意圖或態度。虛擬語氣表示所說的話只是一種主觀的願望、假設或建議等。虛擬語氣可以用在非真實條件句、主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和定語從句中。本單元要求學員掌握虛擬語氣的基本形式和用法;掌握情態動詞用於虛擬語氣;了解含蓄條件句;掌握虛擬時態與謂語動詞時態的關系等。介詞我們經常在名詞或名詞短語、代詞或動名詞前用介詞表示人物、事件等與其它句子成分的關系。介詞後面的名詞或相當於名詞的詞語叫介詞賓語。介詞可表示地點、時間、比較、反對、原因、手段、所屬、條件、讓步、關於、對於、根據等。介詞及其賓語構成介詞短語,在句中擔任後置定語、狀語、表語等語法成分。本單元要求熟記常用介詞及介詞與其它此類的搭配。基本句型結構句子按其結構可分為簡單句、並列句和復合句。只存在一個主謂關系的句子叫簡單句,即一個主語部分和一個謂語部分組成。當我們需要把幾個意思連在一起時,可用標點符號或等立連詞或連接副詞把幾個簡單句連接成一個並列句。它們之間的關系是同等的。當一個句子由一個逐句和一個或從句構成時,這就是復合句。復合句的主語往往可以獨立存在,從句則只作一個句子成分。本單元重點掌握疑問句,弄清楚各種疑問句的結構及用法,能正確完成附加疑問句部分,能回答各種疑問句。掌握簡單句、並列句及復合句的句型結構;學會簡單句與並列句、簡單句與復合句、並列句與復合句的轉換;學會將直接引語變為間接引語;掌握名詞從句的用法。 摘自 http://ke..com/view/328219.htm

2. 英語的常用語法

常用語法有 一、句型1——主語+謂語

我們知道,一個句子是為了說明一件事(或表達一種感情),最簡單的表達方式,就是「誰,怎麼樣了」。這里的「誰」,就是句子的主語,它的內涵很豐富,可以是人、物、某種行為等。「怎麼樣了」,就是句子的謂語,由動詞充當。主語+謂語,即構成一個最簡單的句子。舉一些簡單的例子:

I dance.

She died.

we agree.

……

二、句型2——主語+謂語+賓語

句型2在句型1的基礎上多了一個賓語,賓語是什麼呢?還是從句子表達事情的角度看,可以理解為「誰,對誰怎麼樣了」。賓語,就是主語藉助一個動作(謂語)作用的一個對象。還是舉一些簡單的例子:

I hate him.

I love you.

I dance with her.(注意,為什麼這里多了一個with,學過動詞那一節的同學肯定知道哦~)

……

三、句型3——主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語

在這個句型里,我們發現謂語後面跟了兩個賓語,直接賓語,就是謂語動詞直接作用的對象,而間接賓語,是指謂語需要先藉助於一個間接的對象,再把動作傳遞到直接賓語身上。

如,I give him a book.(「給」,這個動作,最終作用的對象是「書」,但需要先通過「他」,把「給」這個動作傳遞到書)

注意,如果理解不了這種句型,關系並不大,只有很少一些動詞需要通過接兩個賓語的方式來表達完整的意思,記住這些動詞就行了。

四、句型4——主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語

相對於句型2,這種句型中又多了一個賓語補足語,「補足」意思就是補充說明,所以賓語補足語的作用,就是用來補充說明賓語怎麼樣了。

I want you to go with me.(我要你,要你干什麼呢?to go with me,即要你跟我一些走,這個部分就是賓語補足語。)

注意,在這種句型中,補足語可能不是一個具體的單詞

五、句型5——主語+系動詞+表語

還記得系動詞嗎?我們在動詞那一節也講過哦,這里就不復習了。這個句型,就是在講如何使用系動詞。表語,就是跟在系動詞後面的成分的一個統稱,不用過分在意它是什麼意思。感官類系動詞,其後一般接形容詞;be動詞後一般接名詞(或不定式等)。同樣舉一些最簡單的例子:

It smells good.

She is a teacher.

……

3. 英語各種語法全解

1. 動詞的時態和語態
1.1 動詞的時態和語態一覽表
時態語態 一般現在時 一般過去時 一般將來時
主動被動 doare done didwere done will dowill be done
現在進行時 過去進行時 將來進行時
主動被動 are doingare being done were doingwere being done will be doing
現在完成時 過去完成時 將來完成時
主動 被動 have donehave been done had donehad been done will have donewill have been done
現在完成進行時
主動 被動 have been doing

1.2 動詞主要時態的意義及運用
1) 現在完成時,過去完成時和將來完成時
英語提示語:up to now, so far, for three years, since 1995, over past ten years, by the end of this week, by the year of 1995
漢語提示語:已經,早已,了
e.g. We haven』t met each other since last year.
By the end of this week, we』ll have finished the task.
2) 現在完成進行時
從過去一直持續到現在,沒有間斷。
漢語提示語:一直
e.g. The water has been running the whole night.
3) 過去完成時
a) said, reported, thought 等引導的間接引語中。
e.g. He missed the train. He said he had missed the train.
b) hardly…when, no sooner… than
e.g. No sooner had he got up than he received the call.
c) 與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的條件狀語從句中
e.g. If I had tried harder, I would have won.
I wish I had done better in the exam.

歷年考題中的動詞時態和語態
1. Much of the carbon in the earth ___ (come) from things that once lived.
2. In the past two decades, research ___ (expand) our knowledge about sleep and dream.
3. Some proverbs ___ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, A friend in need is a friend indeed.
4. ___ (stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat.
5. In 1991, after the Gulf War, Bush』s approved rating reached 91 percent, the highest level recorded since polling ___ (begin) in the 19302.
6. Seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day ___ (make) us tolerate crime more than we should.
7. So far, Irving ___ (live) in New York City for ten years.
8. The patient ___ (send) to another hospital before we got there.
9. The second half of the nineteenth century ___ (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi.
10. All the worries they might have felt for him ___ (drive) off by the sight of his cheerful face.

Key:
1. comes 一般現在時,主語為不可數名詞,謂語用單數
2. has expanded 現在完成時
3. has been 現在完成時
4. Standing 過去進行時的倒裝形式
5. began 一般過去時
6. makes 一般現在時,動名詞做主語,謂語用單數
7. has been living 現在完成進行時
8. had been sent 過去完成時的被動形式
9. witnessed 一般過去時
10. were driven 一般過去時的被動
2. 非謂語動詞
2.1 動詞主要時態和語態一覽表
非謂語動詞 形式 意義
現在分詞
一 般 式 Doing 主動, 正在進行
被 動 式 being done 被動, 正在進行
完成主動式 having done 主動, 已經完成
完成被動式 having been done 被動, 已經完成
過去分詞 Done 被動, 已經完成
動詞不定式
一 般 式 To do 主動,將要進行
被 動 式 To be done 被動, 將要進行
完成主動式 To have done 主動, 已經完成
進行主動式 To be doing 主動, 正在進行

2.2. 非謂語動詞作狀語
•動詞不定式:1)目的狀語;2)結果狀語
e.g. I came here to meet you. (目的)
He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. (結果)
•分詞:1) 伴隨狀語;2)原因狀語;3)條件狀語 4)讓步狀語;5)時間狀語
e.g. Walking along the street, he met his old friend. (時間)
Being very tired, my father didn』t go out with us. (原因)
Made by hand, the silk shirt is very expensive. (原因)
Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball. (條件)
2.3 非謂語動詞,狀語從句和獨立結構
1) Having done their homework, the children began to play. (分詞作狀語)
2) After having done their homework, the children began to play. (連詞+分詞)
3) After they had done their homework, the children began to play. (狀語從句)
4) With homework done, the children began to play. (獨立結構)

2.4 非謂語動詞作定語
1) If there is no choice, there is no decision ___ (make). (to be made)
2) Do you know the man ____ ( stand) in front of the house? (standing)
3) The question ____ (discuss) at the moment is very important. (being discussed)
4) The bridge ____ (build) in the 1950s is still in good condition. (built)

2.5 動名詞和動詞不定式
• 作主語和表語
動名詞作主語/表語表示一般、抽象的情況;動詞不定時作主語表示具體某次的情況。
e.g Rising early is good for health.
To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me.
It is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow.
My biggest wish is to go abroad.
Seeing is believing.
• 作賓語
接動名詞作賓語的動詞:
admit, acknowledge, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, forgive, finish, include, involve, mind, put off, postpone, suggest, feel like, look forward to, be used to, be accustomed to, etc.
接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞:
want, tend, intend, pretend, hope, plan, expect, be supposed to, seem, be likely to, used to, be willing to, desire, force, prefer, start, begin

接動名詞和動詞不定式有不同含義的動詞:
1) forget, remember, regret
2) stop, continue
3) need/ want
4) allow doing/ allow sb to do
(1) How can I forget meeting you for the first time?
Sorry, I forgot to lock the door.
(2) I can』t stop laughing. Can you stop to give me a hand?
(3) The grass needs cutting. The grass needs to be cut.
(4) We don』t allow smoking here. You are not allowed to smoke here.

歷年考題中的非謂語動詞
1. A man cannot be really happy if what he enjoys ___ (do) is ignored by society as of no value or importance.
2. Anyone ___(want) to understand the instry of the future will have to know about robotics.
3. It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes ___ (control) his direction.
4. As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals ___ (use) in experiments may decrease.
5. It seems reasonable to assume that, other things ___ (be) equal, they would prefer single to shared rooms.
6. This poem, if ___ (translate) word for word into Chinese, will make no sense.
7. They may have their passports _____ (remove), making leaving or 「escaping」 actually impossible.
8. Her body, with hands and feet ____ (bind), was discovered by a traveler early in the morning.
9. I couldn』t help but ___ (feel) this is a very strange life.
10. Let us consider the earth as a planet ____ (revolve) round the sun.

Key:
1. doing 動名詞做enjoy的賓語
2. wanting 現在分詞作定語
3. to control 動詞不定式作目的狀語
4. used 過去分詞作定語
5. being 現在分詞用在獨立結構中
6. translated 連詞加過去分詞作狀語
7. removed 過去分詞作賓補
8. bound 過去分詞用在獨立結構中
9. feel couldn』t help but 後接動詞原形
10. revolving 現在分詞作定語
3. 虛擬語氣
第一大類:非真實條件下的虛擬語氣
時間 從句 主句
與現在事實相反 did/ were should/could/would + do
與過去事實相反 had done should/could/would + have done
與將來事實相反 were to doshould do should/could/would + do
e.g. If I were you, I would be happy to do it.
If we had got the news, we could have prepared earlier.
If the job were to succeed, you should work harder.

第二大類:從句中用過去時或過去完成時的虛擬語氣
1) would rather + 從句
2) wish + 從句
3) if only + 從句
4) as if/ as though + 從句
5) It』s time + 從句
e.g. I would rather you didn』t tell me the story now.
I would rather you had told me the story yesterday.

第三大類:從句中用should加動詞原形的虛擬語氣,其中should可省略。
1) suggest, propose, advise, move(動議), ask, order, require, request, desire, insist, prefer 等動詞後接的賓語從句;
2) suggestion, proposal, advice, motion, order, requirement, request, desire, preference等名詞後的同位語從句;
3) important, necessary, essential, imperative, desirable, advisable, preferable 等形容詞用在it is … that…句型中;
4) lest, in case, for fear that 等引導的從句中。
e.g. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
It is my suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.
It is necessary that the meeting (should) be put off.
He came to the office earlier lest he (should) miss the important meeting.

歷年考題中的虛擬語氣
1. If it hadn』t been for your help, we ___ (be) in real trouble. He would have given you more help, if he ___ (not be) so busy.
3. It is high time that we ___ (take) firm measures to protect our environment.
4. It was imperative that students ___ (finish) their papers before July 1st.
5. They demanded that the right to vote ___ (give) to every alt person.There was a mistake on my paycheck. I _____(receive) $10 more.I would rather he ____ ( buy) the house next year. The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we ___ (meet) them before.
9. Should she come tomorrow, I ___ take her to the museum.
[A] can [B] will [C] would [D] must
10. If we ___ everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.
[A] hadn』t got [B] didn』t get [C] wouldn』t have got [D] wouldn』t get

Key:
1. would have been 與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的主句
2. had not been 與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的從句
3. took It is high time +過去式的虛擬形式
4. should finish/finish It was imperative that+動詞原形的虛擬形式
5. be given demand所接賓語從句用動詞原形的虛擬形式
6. should have received 與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的主句,表示「本應該收到」而實際上沒有。
7. bought would rather後接賓語從句,從句用過去式表示虛擬語氣。
8. had met as if 所引導的從句用過去完成式表示虛擬語氣。
9. C 與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣的主句。
10. A 從句與現在事實相反,但本身已經是現在完成時(從by now可以看出),所以變為過去完成時。
結束語:
掌握語法題的要訣在於1)牢記上述表格;2)分清楚題目屬於哪種具體情況;3)熟練套用正確形式;4)最後再檢查一下是否應作必要的改動:如是否被動,三人稱動詞後加s,動詞的不規則變化等。在理解上述表格的適用條件後,再通過大量作題來鞏固,及時糾正出現的錯誤,我們一定能攻克語法難題,在語法部分得到一個理想的分數!
____…., …..
leave me _worrying__ (worry)
Leave the book _damaged__ (damage)
Enable me to solve the problem .
Enable the problem to be solved

I would rather not go with you.
I would rather I didn』t go with you.
It』s time it _was done_ (do) immediately.
It』s time to do it immediately.
He acted as if the book had been written (write) by him.

Command, demand
The order which/that is given by my boss is hard to carry out.
The order that the task should be finished (finish) today is hard to carry out.

1. Studies have shown ___ teenagers often suffer from depression.
A. that B. which C. in which D. in that
2. ____ driving around all day looking for somewhere to park, why don』t you take a bus to town?
A. In spite of B. Rather than
C. In place of D. other than
He hasn』t read one book _other than__ novels.
He has read no book other than novels.

3. In his composition there were no other errors ___ a few misspelled words.
A. except B. besides C. than D. beside
4. In deciding ___ a course of action, the candidates tried to estimate its likely impact on the voters.
A. how to pursue B. whether to pursue
C. how pursuing D. whether pursuing
5. The kids are ___ be hungry when they get home—they always are.
A. obliged to B. bound to C. desired to D. motivated to
6. It is said the conference is ____ (hold) in this hall next month. Is to be held
7. Little did they realize that they had made_ (make) an important discovery in science.
8. A life lived (live) without fantasy and daydreaming is a really poor life indeed.
9. They proposed that the chance (that is available to them) be explained____ (explain) in detail.
10. (They are afraid that) everything well prepared (prepare), they may still lose the game.
11. While compelled (compel) to make the decision in a hurry, he made the right choice.
12. He is said/known/reported to have made (make) a lot of money before he was thirty years old.

He is said to take the job next week.
He is said to have taken the job last week.

I find him to have made a lot of money…
He is found to have made…
He said he had made
13. He would like to buy a used_ (use) car instead of a new one.
14. Having been deprived of all his money, he had to find a job to support himself.
15. How can you explain the phenomenon that occurs (occur) again and again in our daily life?

4. 常用的英語語法有哪些呢

語從句(Subject
Clause)
定義:如果一個句子在復合句中充當一個主語,那麼這個句子就是主語從句.
第一部分:常規主語從句,即句子在復合句中充當一個主語
第二部分:為了防止句子頭重腳輕,通常把形式主語it放在主語位置,真正主語擱置於句末
狀語從句
(Adverbial
Clause)
狀語從句指句子用作狀語時,起副詞作用的句子.它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子.根據其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結果、讓步、方式和比較等從句.狀語從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導,也可以由片語引起.從句位於句首或句中時通常用逗號與主句隔開,位於句尾時可以不用逗號隔開.
同位語部分是個句子,就是同位語從句,這種用法比較"固定",把關鍵的幾個詞背下來.
下面這個材料供參考.
一、在復合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句.它一般跟在某些名詞後面,用以說明該名詞表示的具體內容.如:
I
heard
the
news
that
our
team
had
won.我聽到了我們隊獲勝的消息.
I
had
no
idea
that
you
were
here.我不知道你在這里.
二、可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等.如:
I』ve
come
from
Mr
wang
with
a
message
that
he
won』t
be
able
to
see
you
this
afternoon.
我從王先生那裡來,他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了.
三、英語中引導同位語從句的詞通有連詞
that,whether,連接副詞
how,when,where等.(註:if,which
不能引導同位語從句.)如:
l
have
no
idea
When
he
will
be
back.我不知道他什麼時候回來.
He
must
answer
the
question
whether
he
agrees
to
it
or
not.
他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個問題.
四、有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞後面,而被別的詞隔開.如:
Several
years
later,word
came
that
Napoleon
himself
was
coming
to
inspect
them.
幾年以後,有消息傳來說拿破崙要親自視
察他們.
The
thought
came
to
him
that
maybe
the
enemy
had
fled
the
city.
他突然想起可能敵人已經逃出城了.
五、同位語從句與定語從句的區別.
1、同位語從句與前面的名詞是同位關系,即說明它前面名詞的內容;而定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾關系,即限定它前面的名詞范圍,或補充一些情況.如:
The
news
that
l
have
passed
the
exam
is
true.我通過了考試這一消息是真的.
(同位語從句,即從句所表達的意思就是前面名詞的內容.)
The
news
that
he
told
me
just
now
is
true.他剛才告訴我的消息是真的.
(定語從句,從句對前面名詞起修飾限製作用,即「他告訴我的」那個消息,而不是別的消息.)
2、引導同位語從句的that是連詞,在從句中不充當任何成份,而引導定語從句的that是關系代詞,除起連接作用外,還在從句中充當主語、賓語或表語等.如:
The
idea
that
computers
can
recognize
human
voices
surprises
many
people.
計算機能夠識別人的聲音的想法使許多人感到驚奇.(that在從句中不充當任何成份.)
The
idea
that
he
gave
surprises
many
people.他提出的觀點令許多人感到吃驚.
(that在從句中作gave的賓語.)
一個名詞(或其它形式)對另一個名詞或代詞進行修飾,限定或說明,這個名詞(或其它形
式)就是同位語.同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致,並常常緊挨在一起.

5. 英語各種語法,越多越好!

語法要精,就用奧風!推薦你用奧風英語的 中學語法三劍客 分中考版版和高考版。包括 中考/高考語法完全突破權 視頻教程,記憶大綱,和精編中考/高考語法專項練習,三件一套,視頻供學習理解,比看書高效易懂,尤其對於基礎弱的學生來說更是方便,相當於請名師一對一輔導了,大綱供背誦記憶,練習供運用鞏固,學記練一體,全面系統,配套完善,直節針對中高考,可以說是目前公認最好的語法資料了。網路 中考語法完全突破 高考語法完全突破 即可找到視頻,不妨搜來看看。

6. 英語中的一些常用語法

語從句(Subject Clause)

定義:如果一個句子在復合句中充當一個主語,那麼這個句子就是主語從句.

第一部分:常規主語從句,即句子在復合句中充當一個主語

第二部分:為了防止句子頭重腳輕,通常把形式主語it放在主語位置,真正主語擱置於句末

狀語從句 (Adverbial Clause)
狀語從句指句子用作狀語時,起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。根據其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。狀語從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導,也可以由片語引起。從句位於句首或句中時通常用逗號與主句隔開,位於句尾時可以不用逗號隔開。

同位語部分是個句子,就是同位語從句,這種用法比較"固定",把關鍵的幾個詞背下來.
下面這個材料供參考.
===========================
一、在復合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞後面,用以說明該名詞表示的具體內容。如:
I heard the news that our team had won.我聽到了我們隊獲勝的消息。
I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在這里。
二、可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等。如:
I』ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won』t be able to see you this afternoon. 我從王先生那裡來,他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了。
三、英語中引導同位語從句的詞通有連詞 that,whether,連接副詞 how,when,where等。(註:if,which 不能引導同位語從句。)如:
l have no idea When he will be back.我不知道他什麼時候回來。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個問題。
四、有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞後面,而被別的詞隔開。 如:
Several years later,word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.
幾年以後,有消息傳來說拿破崙要親自視 察他們。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
他突然想起可能敵人已經逃出城了。
五、同位語從句與定語從句的區別。
1、同位語從句與前面的名詞是同位關系,即說明它前面名詞的內容;而定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾關系,即限定它前面的名詞范圍,或補充一些情況。如:
The news that l have passed the exam is true.我通過了考試這一消息是真的。
(同位語從句,即從句所表達的意思就是前面名詞的內容。)
The news that he told me just now is true.他剛才告訴我的消息是真的。
(定語從句,從句對前面名詞起修飾限製作用,即「他告訴我的」那個消息,而不是別的消息。)
2、引導同位語從句的that是連詞,在從句中不充當任何成份,而引導定語從句的that是關系代詞,除起連接作用外,還在從句中充當主語、賓語或表語等。如:
The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
計算機能夠識別人的聲音的想法使許多人感到驚奇。(that在從句中不充當任何成份。)
The idea that he gave surprises many people.他提出的觀點令許多人感到吃驚。
(that在從句中作gave的賓語。)
一個名詞(或其它形式)對另一個名詞或代詞進行修飾,限定或說明,這個名詞(或其它形
式)就是同位語。同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致,並常常緊挨在一起。

7. 英語所有語法知識

可以在搜索引擎中搜索「英語語法網」,那裡有很豐富的語法內容。

8. 初中英語所有的語法

語法:名 詞

一.名詞分為專有名詞(首字母大寫)和普通名詞。

二.名詞分為可數名詞(有單復數之分)和不可數名詞(沒有單復數)。

三.可數名詞變復數的規則:

1.直接+s : desks pens chairs

2.以s, x ,ch,sh結尾的+es: buses boxes peaches dishes

dresses foxes watches

3.以f或fe結尾的,變f或fe為ves:

bookshelf---bookshelves knife—knives wife---wives

4.以輔音字母+y結尾的,變y為ies:

family—families baby—babies library—libraries

study—studies strawberry—strawberries

5.不規則的:man—men woman—women

foot—feet tooth—teeth goose—geese

fish—fish sheep—sheep deer—deer

Chinese—Chinese English—English

child—children mouse—mice ox—oxen

四.「s」或「es」的發音規則:

清清/s/ desks

濁濁/z/ pens

元濁/z/ chairs

-es/iz/ buses
語法:代 詞

一. 人稱代詞

第一人稱

第二人稱

第三人稱

單數

復數

單數

復數

單數

復數

主格

I

we

you

you

he

she

it

they

賓格

me

us

you

you

him

her

it

them

1. 人稱代詞分為:第一、第二、第三人稱,而且有單復數之分。

2. 人稱代詞的主格在句中做主語,一般用在動詞前(疑問句除外)。

3. 人稱代詞的賓格在句中做賓語,多用於動詞、介詞後。(動賓、介賓)

4. 人稱代詞能代替表示人稱的名詞。

二、物主代詞

我的

你的

他的

她的

它的

我們的

你們的

他們的

形容詞性
my

your

his

her

its

our

your

their

名詞性
mine

yours

his

hers

its

ours

yours

theirs

1. 形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的作用,後面一定要跟名詞,表示該名詞是屬於誰的。(名前形物)

2. 名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。(無名名物)如:

This is my bag.=This is mine. 這是我的包。

That is her ruler.=That is hers. 那是她的尺子。
語法:介詞

介詞是表示句子結構中詞與詞成分相互間關系的一種虛詞。介詞不能單獨作句子成分,它只有跟它後面的賓語一起構成介詞短語,才能在句子中起作用。

1. 介詞的分類:

1)簡單的介詞:通常指一個單詞的介詞。如:

in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, to, up, down, from等等。

2)短語介詞:指由兩個或兩個以上單片語合在一起所構成的介詞。如:in front of,

out of, from…to…等等。

2.常用介詞的辨析:

1)表示時間的介詞:at, on, in.表示「在……時間」的意思,其用法區別是:

① at表示「在某一個具體的時間點上」,或用在固定片語中。如:

at ten o』clock 在10點鍾 at 9:30a.m. 在上午9點半

at night 在晚上 at the weekend 在周末

② on表示「在某日或某日的時間段」。如:

on Friday 在星期五

on the first of May 在五月一日

on Monday morning 在星期一上午

③ in表示「在某一段時間(月份、季節)里」。如:

in the afternoon 在下午 in September 在九月份

in summer 在夏天 in 2005在2005年

2)表示方位的介詞:in, on, under, near, in front of, behind.

① in表示「在……裡面」。如:

in the park 在公園里 in my class 在我班裡

注意:in 有時還表示「在……上面」,主要用於固定片語。如:

in the playground 在操場上 in the street 在街上

注意:in還有其他的固定搭配。 如:in blue(穿藍色的衣服),

in English(用英語表達), take part in(參加).

② on表示「在……上面」,under表示「在……下面」.如:

on the tree 在樹上(樹本身長出來的)

on the ground 在地上

under a big tree 在一棵大樹下面

under the envelope 在信封下面

③ near表示「在……附近」,beside「在……旁」,next to表示「緊靠……旁邊」.

如:beside her tent 在她的帳篷旁邊

near the post office 在郵局附近

④ in front of 表示「在……前面」,behind表示「在……後面」。如:

in front of the museum 在博物館前

in front of the tree 在樹前

behind the door 在門後面

behind Yang Ling 在楊玲後面
數詞有兩種:

1.基數詞:表示數量多少的數詞叫基數詞。

1)基數詞1-12:

one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve

2)基數詞13-19都是以-teen結尾:

thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen

3)基數詞20,30,40等都是經-ty結尾:

twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety

4)基數詞21-99是由「幾十」和「幾」合起來構成,中間加連詞符:

twenty-one, thirty-two, fifty-five, ninety-nine.

5)基數詞100:one hundred

2.序數詞:表示順序先後的數詞叫序數詞。

1)序數詞第一、第二、第三為first, second, third.

2)其他序數詞的構成一般是在基數詞後加-th:

fourth, sixth, seventeenth.

3)特殊的:five---fifth(第五) eight---eighth(第八)

nine---ninth(第九) twelve---twelfth(第十二)

4)以y結尾的數詞變序數詞時,要把「y」變成「ie」再加「th」:

twenty---twentieth, thirty---thirtieth, forty---fortieth

5)基數詞「幾十幾」變為序數詞時,表示「幾十」的數詞不變,只要把「幾」的基數詞變成序數詞:

twenty-one----twenty-first, forty-five----forty-fifth

6)序數詞的縮略形式是由阿拉伯數字加序數詞的最後兩個字母構成的:1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 21st, 32nd, 40th.

7)在使用序數詞時,前面一般要帶定冠詞the, 這是序數詞和基數詞在使用中的一個主要區別。
語法:形容詞和副詞的比較級

在英語中形容詞,副詞有三個等級,即原級,比較級和最高級。

1.一般來說,表示兩者「等同」時用原級,它的結構為:as+原級+as

Are you as tall as your twin sister? 你和你的雙胞胎姐姐(妹妹)一樣高嗎?

Mike runs as fast as Jim. 邁克跑得和吉姆一樣快。

2. 表示兩者「比較」時用比較級,它的結構為:比較級+than

He』s one year younger than me . 他比我小一歲。

Ben runs faster than me . 本跑得比我快。

3.形容詞,副詞比較級的變化規則:
構成法

原級

比較級

最高級

1.單音節詞尾 +er,+est

tall

taller

tallest

2.以e結尾的,+r,+st

large

larger

largest

3.以輔音字母+y結尾的,變y為i+er,+est

busy

busier

busiest

4.以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節詞,雙寫這個輔音字母+er,+est

big

thin

bigger

thinner

biggest

thinnest

4.雙音節和多音節詞的比較級,最高級應在原級前+more,+most構成:

原級

比較級

最高級

beautiful

more beautiful

most beautiful

careful

more careful

most careful

carefully

more carefully

most carefully

quietly

more quietly

most quietly

5.特殊的:
原級

比較級

最高級

good, well

better

best

bad, ill

worse

worst

many, much

more

most

little

less

least

far

farther, further

farthest, furthest

old

older, elder

oldest, eldest

6.最高級在使用時前面通常要加定冠詞the,並有一個短語或從句表示在哪個范圍內。如果最高級前有物主代詞,無需要加定冠詞。如:

Yesterday was the hottest day of the year. 昨天是今年最熱的一天。

That was the most delicious meal that I』ve ever had.

那是我吃過的最好吃的飯。

Tuesday is our busiest day. 星期二是我們最忙的一天。
語 法:冠 詞

冠詞是一種虛詞,不能獨立使用,通常放在名詞的前面,幫助說明該名詞的含義.冠詞分為不定冠詞a, an和定冠詞the.

一、不定冠詞a, an用在單數名詞前面,表示「一個,一件……」。

a用於輔音音素開頭的可數名詞前。如: a pen, a plane, a computer.

an用於以母音音素開頭的可數名詞前。如:

an egg, an orange, an old man, an English book,an hour.

二、定冠詞the用在單數或復數名詞前。定冠詞the的基本用法:

1.用來表示特指某(些)人或某(些)物。如:

The map on the wall is new. 牆上的那張地圖是新的。

The tall man is Li Ming』s father.那位高個子男人是李明的父親。

2.表示說話者雙方都知道的人或事物。如:

Look at the picture,please.請看這幅圖畫。

3.表示再次提到前面談過的人或事物。如:

This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful. 這是一張郵票。這張郵票很漂亮。

4.用在表示世界上獨一無二的事物前。如:

the sun 太陽 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球

5.用在由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前。如:the Great Wall 長城

6.用在江河、湖海等專有名詞前。如:the Changjiang River 長江

7.序數詞、形容詞、樂器名稱等詞前面和一些習慣用語中一般都用定冠詞the.

如:the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class

三、不用冠詞的兒歌:

專有物質抽象詞,用冠詞時要三思。

季節月份星期前,均和冠詞沒有緣。

名詞前面有代詞,冠詞一定不能置。

球類三餐節假日,不用冠詞人人知。

全是老師教我們的,最後的兒歌是我們老師的老師教給我們的老師的。

9. 英語中具體有幾種語法

是時態吧!語法就是語法,沒有種,18時態

10. 英語大神何在英語中的各種語法

語法要精,就用奧風了!推薦你用奧 風 英 語 的包括 高 考 語 法三 劍客回 (包括《高 考語 法完 全突 破》 視頻 教程,大綱和練習,學 記 練 三位一體,三 件配 套,非常好用,網路 高 考 語法 完全答 突破 即可在 線試聽。

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