⑴ 初中從句有哪些類型
從句是復句中具有分屬地位的分句,它是一種絕大部分語言都有的語法結構。在現代漢語的語法中,「從句」不作為專業術語被使用。
1英語從句可以分哪幾類
從句不能單獨成句,但它也有主語部分和謂語部分,是一個特殊句子,就像一個句子一樣。所不同在於,從句須由一個關聯詞(connective)引導。
根據從句語法功能的不同可分為:主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句、定語從句和狀語從句6類。
前四類由於主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句及同位語從句在句子的功用相當於名詞,所以通稱名詞性從句;
定語從句功能相當於形容詞,稱為形容詞性從句;
而狀語從句功能相當於副詞,稱為副詞性從句。狀語從句還可以分為條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句、地點狀語從句、目的狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、比較狀語從句、方式狀語從句、結果狀語從句和時間狀語從句。
主語從句(Subject Clause)
用作主語的從句叫主語從句。引導主語從句的關聯詞有從屬連詞、疑問代詞、疑問副詞、縮合連接代詞、縮合連接副詞等。
表語從句(Predicative Clause)
用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞很多都一樣。
賓語從句(Object Clause)
在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.賓語從句分為三類:動詞的賓語從句、介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句。
同位語從句
是名詞性從句(主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句)中的主要從句之一,從句作同位語表示與之同位的名詞(短語)的實際內容,它的作用相當於名詞,對前面的名詞(短語)加以補充說明或進一步解釋,相當於一個表語從句,它們之間的關系就是同位關系,即主表關系。
定語從句
是由關系代詞或關系副詞引導的從句,其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個名詞性成分,相當於形容詞,所以又稱為形容詞性從句,一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞後面。
狀語從句可分為:
時間狀語從句(adverbial clause of time)
地點狀語從句(adverbial clause of place)
原因狀語從句(adverbial clause of cause)
條件狀語從句(adverbial clause of condition)
目的狀語從句(adverbial clause of purpose)
讓步狀語從句(adverbial clause of concession)
比較狀語從句(adverbial clause of comparison)
方式狀語從句(adverbial clause of manner)
結果狀語從句(adverbial clause of result)
2英語中有哪些從句
總體分:名詞性從句、狀語從句、定語從句
名詞性從句:主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句
狀語從句:時間、地點、方式、讓步、條件、比較、方式、原因等、
定語從句:限定性和非限定性
3如何判斷英語從句類型
初中和高中要掌握的多少不一樣。
如果你只是初中生,基本掌握賓語/表語從句,定語從句和狀語從句就可以了。
賓語從句:連在動詞後,比如I do what I want to do.我做我想做的事。
what I want to do 作do的賓語,所以叫賓語從句。
表語從句也是一樣的,只不過動詞變成系動詞(be).例如This is what I want to do.這是我想做的事。
注:這時候去掉從句主句是不完整的,缺少賓語成分。
定語從句:從句是不完整的,缺主語或者賓語,先行詞(被修飾的詞,也是從句前面的名詞)作從句的主語或賓語。
例如I like the film that I saw yersterday.我喜歡我昨天看的那部電影。
從句that代指film, 充當saw的賓語,從句= I saw the film yersterday.
或者 I like the film that is brillant.我喜歡那部電影,它棒極了。
that 作從句的主語,從句=the film is brillant.
狀語從句:一般表示時間地點。
注:去掉從句,主句依舊完整。
例如: I will go home when it is at 9:00.
主句I will go home 主謂賓完整。
從句只是補充說明作用。
如果你是初中生,以上基本足夠。
如果你是高中生,就要先知道從句三大類型:名詞從句,形容詞性從句(即定語從句)、副詞性從句(即狀語從句)。
4英語中從句用法總結
1.主語從句
1)主語從句可直接位於主語的位置,如果從句較長,謂語又較短,可用it作形式主語,而將從句放在句末。常見的句型有:
*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...
*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...
*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...
*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.
2)what引導的主語從句表示「...的東西時」,一般不用it作形式主語。
What we lack is experience.
3)what,who,when,why,whether等詞含有各自的疑問意義,但它們引導的主語從句,都用陳述語序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.
2.賓語從句
1)賓語從句可位於及物動詞、介詞和某些形容詞後。連詞that常可省略。介詞後一般接疑問詞引導的賓語從句。in that(因為),except that(除了),but that(只是)已構成固定搭配,其他介詞後一般不接that引導的賓語從句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.
2)賓語從句後如有賓補,要用形式賓語it來代替,而把賓語從句移至賓補之後。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等動詞後的賓語從句中,如果謂語是否定的,一般將否定詞移至主句謂語上,賓語從句則變成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.
3.表語從句
表語從句出現在結構為「主語+系動詞+表語從句」的句子中。表語從句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引導外,還可由because,as if(though)等引導。that常可省略。如主句主語為reason,只能用that引導表語從句,不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.
The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.
It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.
4.同位語從句
同位語從句用於對前面出現的名詞作進一步說明,一般用連詞that引導,由於先行名詞的意義不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引導。常見的先行名詞有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有時由於謂語較短,將同位語從句位於謂語之後。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.
5.定語從句
定語從句所修飾的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞,也可以是一個句子。定語從句通常位於先行詞之後,由關系代詞或關系副詞引導。
*限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句修飾先行詞,對先行詞起修飾作用,緊接先行詞之後,無逗號,若省去,原句意思不完整。引導定語從句的關系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用於指人,whose有時也可指物,相當於of which;which用於指物;that既可指人也可指物,但只用於限制性定語從句中。關系代詞除了引導定語從句,替代先行詞外,還在從句中擔任主語、賓語、定語等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.
Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.
The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.
1)當先行詞是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代詞或先行詞前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容詞最高級修飾時,只能用關系代詞that引導從句。
That is all that I've heard from him.
He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.
2)關系代詞的省略
在從句中作賓語的關系代詞常可省略。關系代詞緊跟介詞,作介詞賓語時不可用that,只可用which或whom引導從句,並且不可省略,但當介詞位於賓語從句句末時,作為介詞賓語的關系代詞仍可用that,也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.
3)引導定語從句的關系副詞有when,where,why等。關系副詞在從句中作狀語,意義上相當於一個「介詞+which」的結構。
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.
No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
*非限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句既可修飾先行詞,也可修飾整個主句,起補充說明作用,與主句之間有逗號隔開,若省去,原句意思不受影響。不可用that引導非限制性定語從句。關系詞不可省略。
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
*「介詞+which\whom\whose」引導的定語從句
「介詞+which\whom\whose」可引導限制性定語從句,也可引導非限制性定語從句,該結構中介詞的選擇取決於從句謂語動詞的固定搭配,或先行詞的習慣搭配。
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.
*as引導的定語從句
as引導的定語從句主要用於「such...as」及「the same...as」的結構中,代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。as引導非限制性定語從句時,代替整個主句,從句可位於主句之前、之後或中間。
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行詞problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主語)
6.狀語從句
*時間狀語從句
引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞和片語有:
1)when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.
The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.
*地點狀語從句
引導地點狀語從句的連詞是where,wherever.
Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.
*原因、結果和目的狀語從句
1)引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有:because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。
Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.
2)引導結果狀語從句的連詞有:so...that,such...that
,so that,that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
3)引導目的狀語從句的連詞有:so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等,從句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情態動詞。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.
*條件和讓步狀語從句
1)引導條件狀語從句的連詞和片語有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
2)引導讓步狀語從句的連詞和片語有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引導狀語從句可轉換成含有as的部分倒裝結構,具有強調意義。其結構為「形容詞(副詞、動詞、名詞)+as+主語+謂語」。
No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)
Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)
*方式狀語從句
引導方式狀語從句的連詞有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引導的狀語從句中,謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣,表示與事實相反。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.
Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.
⑵ 初中生應該掌握的英語短語和語法知識
一般現在時的用法
1) 經常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。
時間狀語: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意:此用法如果出現在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現在時。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。
I don』t want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般現在時,用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進行時的標志,表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況,所以後句用一般現在時。
2. 一般過去時的用法
1)在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。
時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
Where did you go just now?
2)表示在過去一段時間內,經常性或習慣性的動作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3)句型:
It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"
It is time sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了"
It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。
It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示』寧願某人做某事』
I』d rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。
I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
比較:
一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去,現已不復存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life.
代詞
代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類。大多數代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語中的代詞,按其意義、特徵及在句中的作用分為:人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、自身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、關系代詞和不定代詞八種。
一、人稱代詞是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、
"我們"、"你們"、"他們"的詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數和格的變化,見下表:
數 單數 復數
格 主格 賓格 主格 賓格
第一人稱 I me we us
第二人稱 you you you you
he him they them
第三人稱 she her they them
it it they them
如:He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。
It』s me. 是我。
二、 物主代詞表示所有關系的代詞,也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種,其人物和數的變化見下表。
數 單數 復數
人稱 第一 第二 第三 第一 第二 第三
人稱 人稱 人稱 人稱 人稱 人稱
形容詞性 my your his/her its our your/their
物主代詞
名詞性 mine yours his/hers its ours yours/theirs
物主代詞
如: I like his car.
我喜歡他的小汽車。
Our school is here,and theirs is there.
我們的學校在這兒,他們的在那兒。
三、 指示代詞表示"那個"、"這個"、"這些"、"那些"等指示概念的代詞。指示代詞有this,that,these,those等。
如: That is a good idea. 那是個好主意。
四、 表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我們自己"、"你們自己"和"他們自己"等的代詞,叫做自身代詞,也稱為"反身代詞"。
如: She was talking to herself. 她自言自語。
五、 表示相互關系的代詞叫相互代詞,有each other&n bsp;和one another兩組,但在運用中,這兩組詞沒什麼區別。
如: They love each other. 他們彼此相愛。
六、 不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。常見的不定代詞有a11,both,each,every等,以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代詞,如anybody, something,no one。這些不定代詞大都可以代替名詞和形容詞,在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語, 但none和由some,any,no等構成的復合不定代詞只能作主語、賓語或表語;every和no只能作定語。如:
--- Do you have a car? --你有一輛小汽車嗎?
--- Yes,I have one. --是的,我有一輛。
--- I don』t know any of them. 他們,我一個也不認識。
七、 疑問代詞有who,whom,whose,what和which等。在句子中用來構成特殊疑問句。疑問代詞都可用作連接代詞,引導名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句)
如:Tell me who he is. 告訴我他是誰。
八、 關系代詞有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引導從句的關聯詞。它們在定語從句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語等;另一方面它們又代表主句中為定語從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞(通稱為先行詞)。
如: He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那個人。
3.1 人稱代詞的用法
1)人稱代詞的主格在句子中作主語或主語補語,例如:
John waited a while but eventually he went home.
約翰等了一會兒,最後他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.
約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗,還真是她。
說明:在復合句中,如果主句和從句主語相同,代詞主語要用在從句中,名詞主語用在主句中,例如:
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.
約翰一到就直接去銀行了。
2)人稱代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語或介詞賓語,但在口語中也能作主語補語,第一人稱在省略句中,還可以作主語,例如:
I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
我看到她和他們在一起,至少我認為是她。(her做賓 語,them做介詞賓語,her做主語補語)
a. -- Who broke the& nbsp;vase? --誰打碎了花瓶?
b. -- Me. --我。(me做主語補語= It』s me.)
說明:在上面兩例句中,her和me分別作主語補語。現代英語中多用賓格,在正式文體中這里應為she和I。
3.2 人稱代詞之主、賓格的替換
1) 賓格代替主格
a.在簡短對話中,當人稱代詞單獨使用或在not 後,多用賓語。
---- I like English. --我喜歡英語。
---- Me too. --我也喜歡。
---- Have more wine? --再來點酒喝嗎?
---- Not me. --我可不要了。
b.在表示比較的非正式的文體中,常用賓格代替主格。 但如果比較狀語的謂語保留,則主語只能用主格。
He is taller than I/me.
He is taller than I am.
2) 主格代替賓格
a. 在介詞but,except 後,有時可用主格代替賓格。
b. 在電話用語中常用主格。
---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和瑪麗通話。
---- This is she. --我就是瑪麗。
注意:在動詞be 或to be 後的人稱代詞視其前面的名詞或代詞而定。
I thought it was she. 我以為是她。 (主格----主格)
I thought it to be her. (賓格----賓格)
I was taken to be she. 我被當成了她。 (主格----主格)
They took me to be her. 他們把我當成了她。 (賓格----賓格)
3.3 代詞的指代問題
1)不定代詞 anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone, someone, everyone,no one, 及whoever和person在正式場合使用時,可用he, his, him代替。
Nobody came, did he? 誰也沒來,是嗎?
2)動物名詞的指代一般用it或they代替,有時也用he, she,帶有親切的感情色彩。
Give the cat some f ood. She is hungry. 給這貓一些吃的。她餓了。
3)指代車或國家,船舶的名詞,含感情色彩時常用she。
3.4 並列人稱代詞的排列順序
1) 單數人稱代詞並列作主語時,其順序為:
第二人稱 -> 第三人稱 -> 第一人稱
you -> he/she; it -> I
You, he and I should return on time.
2) 復數人稱代詞作主語時,其順序為:
第一人稱 -> 第二人稱 -> 第三人稱
we -> you -> They
注意: 在下列情況中,第一人稱放在前面。
a. 在承認錯誤,承擔責任時,
It was I and John that made her angry.
是我和約翰惹她生氣了。
b. 在長輩對晚輩,長官對下屬說話時,如長官為第一人稱, 如:I and you try to finish it.
c. 並列主語只有第一人稱和第三人稱時,
d. 當其他人稱代詞或名詞被定語從句修飾時。
3.5 物主代詞
1)物主代詞既有表示所屬的作用又有指代作用,例如:
John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.
約翰割破了手指,顯而易見,他桌子上有個破玻璃杯。
物主代詞有形容詞性(my, your等)和名詞性(mine, yours等)兩種,形容詞性的物主代詞屬於限定詞。
名詞性的物主代詞在用法上相當於省略了中心名詞的 --』s屬格結構,例如:
Jack』s cap 意為 The cap is Jack』s.
His cap 意為 The cap is his.
2) 名詞性物主代詞的句法功能
a. 作主語,例如:
May I use your pen? Yours works better.
我可以用一用你的鋼筆嗎? 你的比我的好用。
b. 作賓語,例如:
I love my motherland as much as you love& nbsp;yours.
我愛我的祖國就像你愛你的祖國一樣深。
c. 作介詞賓語,例如:
Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.
你應當按我所用的詞義去解釋我說的話,而不能按你自己的意義去解釋。
d. 作主語補語,例如:
The life I have is yours. It』s yours. It』s yours. 我的生命屬於你,屬於你,屬於你。
3.6 雙重所有格
物主代詞不可與 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等詞一起前置,修飾一個名詞,而必須用雙重所有格。
公式為:
a, an, this, that 名詞 of 名詞性物主代詞。如:
a friend of mine.
each brother of his.
⑶ 初中生涉及到的語法都有哪些
呵呵!~我是初三的學生!~
1.一般現在時
2.過去時
3.正在進行時
4.過去進行時
5.過去完成時
6.現在完成時
7.一般將來時
句式
賓語從句
定語從句
賓語後置
表語從句
祈駛句
使役句
⑷ 初中生適合用什麼英語語法書
你說的這基本語法書我都看過,幫你分析一下:
薄冰的不推薦,它的語法點比較雜,不系統內,話說得也比較繁瑣容,不好理解。
張道真的可以,比較系統全面,但是對於初中生來說就有點太過系統了,不適合應對考試,知識點比較沒有針對性。
推薦《魔法英語》,如果你底子不錯的話,你可以看《魔法英語高中版》,它講的語法都是重點,比較好理解,例句也很實用,適合應對考試~
希望可以幫到你!~
⑸ 初中三年必須學會的英語語法
1. 語法知識是在復掌握一定量的制單詞和短語的基礎上才能獲得的。因此,單詞的形態變化是語法學習的基礎之基礎。而九種基本時態和含有不復雜的狀語從句及賓語從句的復合句是初中生學習的重點也是語法學習的難點。
2.總之,語法部分是英語學習的重點和難點。語法知識掌握得好,將大大加快英語學習的進程。本文歸納了詞法、九種基本時態以及初中生需要掌握五種基本從句。希望對廣大中學生有所幫助。
⑹ 初中有關定語從句的語法
初中定語從句詳解。 定語從句是一種形容詞的關系從句。它由關系代詞或關系副詞引導(1)。初中英語中的定語從句僅限於限制性定於從句,但對初中生來說,定語從句既是一個重點,也是一個難點。【關鍵詞】定語從句 先行詞 關系代詞 關系副詞
一、英語中的定語從句與漢語中的定語位置不同。
在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。英語中的定語從句始終要放在被修飾的詞之後,而漢語中的定語則放在被修飾詞之前。如:
The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher.
先行詞 定語從句
昨天我在校門口看見的那個人是我的英語老師。
二、英語從句中的句型結構比較復雜,有先行詞、關系代詞或關系副詞。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞,引導定語從句的關聯詞有關系代詞或關系副詞。限制性關系分句和它的先行項的所指意義有著不可分割的聯系(2)。關系代詞或關系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用,關系代詞或關系副詞在定語從句中要充當一個成分。關系代詞在句中可作主語、賓語或定語,關系副詞在句中作狀語。如:
I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. (主語)
先行詞 關系代詞
我正在等穿著紅色外套的那個男孩。
The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(賓語)
先行詞 關系代詞
我姐姐上周星期天給我的那本字典很貴。
The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. (定語)
先行詞 關系代詞
那個是他的母親,名叫琳達
⑺ 英語!初中生要掌握的所有語法!
所有詞性相關知識 int. n. pron. v. conj. adv. adj .
abbr. art. prep. aux. vi. vt. num.
pl.
int.----interjection:感嘆詞 n.-----noun:名詞
pron.----pronoun:代詞 v.----verb:動詞
conj.-----conjunction:連詞 adv.----adverb:副詞
adj.------adjective:形容詞 abbr------abbreviation:縮寫
art.-----article:冠詞 prep.-----preposition:介詞
aux.-----auxiliary:助詞 vi.------verb intransitive:不及物動詞
vt.------verb transitive:及物動詞 num.-------number:數詞
pl-------plural:復數 sing------singular:單數
所有時態和形式 :
■表示在過去某一時刻或某一動作之前已經完成了的動作,即「過去的過去」。如:
She said she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時,小偷們早就跑了。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年,愛迪生開始自己謀生。
注意:過去完成時是一種相對時態,一定要有一個作參照的過去時間或過去動作作比較,否則,就不能用過去完成時。但下列3種情況雖然有是先後發生的兩個過去動詞,卻同用一般過去時:
1. 先後發生的一系列動作,但並不強調先後時,最後兩個動詞用then,and,but 等連接。如:
On Saturday afternoon, Mrs Green went to the market, bought some bananas and visited her cousin. 星期下午,格林夫人去了市場,買了些香蕉,然後去看望了她的表姐。
2. 兩個動作是緊接著發生的,可用一般過去時。如:
When I heard the news, I was very excited. 我聽到那個消息時,非常高興。
3. 敘述歷史事實,可用一般過去時。如:
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 我們老師告訴我們哥倫布於1492年發現了美洲。
■表示從過去某一時刻開始一直延續到另一過去時刻的動作或狀態。跟現在完成時一樣,也常與how long, for three days, before等表示一段時間的狀語連用。如:
When Jack arrived he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour. 當傑克到來時,他才了解到瑪麗已經離開差不多一個小時了。
■表示未曾實現的希望或打算。表示希望或打算的動詞,如hope, want, expect, think, suppose, plan, mean, intend等的過去完成時,後接不定式to do時,表示未曾實現的希望或打算,即「本來希望或打算做某事(但卻沒做) 」。如:
I had hoped to send him a Christmas card,but I forgot to do so. 我本來希望寄給他一張聖誕卡的,但我忘了寄了。
I had intended to come over to see you last night,but someone called and I couldn』t get away. 昨晚我本想去看你的,但有人來了我走不開。
■用於下列4個特殊句型中:
1. hardly…when…, no sooner…than…
2. It/ That /This was the first time that…
3. It was+時間段+since…(from www.yygrammar.com)
4. …than sb. had thought /expected /hoped /wanted等。
Hardly had I opened the door when he told me. 我剛開開門,他就告訴了我。
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車,轉眼又賣了。
It was the second time he had been out with her. 這是他第二次和她一道出去。
It was more than a year now since he had seen her. 他上次見她以來已經一年多了。
We arrived earlier than we had expected. 我們到得比預料的早。
■表示到現在為止已發生或完成的動作,其結果的影響現在依然存在。有時與just, already, yet, recently, before, twice, three times等時間狀語連用,如:
I have seen the film already. 我已經看過那部電影了。(現在我知道電影的內容了。)
Have you seen my bag? 你看到我的手提包了嗎? (你知道它在哪裡? )
注意:
1. 現在完成時不與yesterday, last week, two days ago, in1983, just now, when等表示具體的過去時間的狀語連用。
2. 一般過去時只強調在過去發生過某事或關注的是動作發生的時間、地點、方式等;而現在完成時則強調過去的動作對現在的影響,因此,若現在影響並不存在時就不能用現在完成時了。如說I have closed the door. 那門現在也是關著的,若被風吹開了,就只能說I closed the door. 了。
■表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續到現在的動作或狀態。常與「since+時間點」,「for+時間段」,及how long, (ever) since, ever, before, so far, in the last /past few years, up to now, till now等時間狀語連用。如:
She has been a dancer for ten years. 她已當了十年的舞蹈演員了。
We』ve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 過去幾年我們種了成千上萬棵樹。
So far there has been no bad news. 到現在為止還沒有什麼壞消息。
They』ve lived here since 1989. 從1989年起他們就在這里住了。
I saw Julia in April and I haven』t seen her since. 我四月見到朱莉婭,從那之後就沒見到她了。
注意:非延續性動詞leave, arrive, come, go, return, join, die, buy, borrow等的完成時,在肯定句中不能與for或since等引導的時間段連用。但其在否定式是可與這類時間狀語連用的。如:I haven』t met him for two years. 我兩年沒有遇見他了。
■用於This/That/It is the first(second…) time that…句型中。如:
It is the first time that I have visited your beautiful city. 這是我第三次參觀這個美麗的城市了。
■用於This/That/It is +the+形容詞最高級+名詞+that…句型中。如:
That』s the most interesting book I』ve ever read. 這是我看過的最有意思的書。
由would, was/were going to, was/were to was/were about to等加動詞原形構成, 也可由was/were on the point of加動名詞構成。
I knew you would agree. 我知道你會同意的。
I said I would arrange everything. 我說我來安排一切。
註:所有人稱都用would,尤其在口語中。只有個別情況才用should。如:We knew we should win. 我知道我們會贏。
I told her that I was leaving soon. 我告訴她我們很快就要離開。
We were to have been married last year. 我們本來打算去年結婚的。
When we arrived, the train was just going to start. 我們到達時,火車正要啟動。
I was about to leave when the telephone rang. 我正在離開,電話鈴響了。
I was on the point of going when you came in. 我正要出去你來了。
The talk was e to last for three days. 會談將進行三天。
一、用法
表示將來發生的事。常與tomorrow, next year等時間狀語連用。
二、構成
通常有以下七種方式表示將來,注意它們各自的區別。
■由will加動詞原形構成,當主語是第一人稱時,也可以用shall加動詞原形。如:
Telephone me this evening. I』ll be at home. 今晚給我打電話,我會在家。
I』ll (shall/will) do a better job next time. 下次我要幹得好些。
注意:
1. will還可用來表示同意或「不能」。如:
Come and see me tomorrow. Yes,I will. 明天來找我。——好的。
一Don』t be late. 一No,I won』t. 別來晚了。——不會晚的。
The car won』t start. 車開不了啦。
Oil and water will not mix. 油和水沒法混在一起。
2. 表示臨時的決定,只能用will加動詞原形。如:
-You』ve left the light on. 你忘記關燈了。
-Oh, so I have. I』ll go and turn it off. 啊!那我去關。
3. 在「祈使句+and/or+陳述句」句型中,陳述句中只能用will或情態動詞加動詞原形。如:
Work hard, and you will pass the exam. 努力學習,你就會通過考試。
4. 在條件句中表示將來不用will,而用一般現在時、be going to(打算) 或be to(為人所控制的動作) 等。若你見到在條件句中用了will,那will就是表示「願意」的情態動詞。如:
Let her do that if she will. 如果她願意,就讓她那樣做。
■am/is/are going to加動詞原形,表示主語的意圖或打算將來做的事。如:
What are you going to do tomorrow? 你打算明天做什麼呢?
The play is going to be proced next month. 這出戲下月開播。
注意:
已有跡象表明將要發生的事,只能用am/is/are加動詞原形。如:Look at the dark clouds; it』s going to rain. 看那烏雲,快要下雨了。
■be to加動詞原形,僅用於表示正式的公務安排、公告指示、義務、禁止等。如:
You』re to deliver these flowers before 10. 你在10點鍾之前把這些花送去。
You are to (=should) report to the police. 你應該報警的。
You』re not to (=mustn』t) tell him anything about our plans. 你不要把我們的計劃透露給他。
注意:
1. 這與不定式作表語不同:My idea is to go there today. 我的意思是今天就去那裡。
2. be to強調客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to則強調主觀的打算或計劃。
■be about to加動詞原形,表示即將或馬上要做某事。如:
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。
注意:
be about to do不能與表示將來時間的狀語連用。
■am/is/are on the point of加動詞的-ing形式,表示「就要」做某事,也不能與表示將來的時間狀語連用。如:
Look! They』re on the point of starting! 看!他們就要開始了!
■一般現在時表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。
■現在進行時表示將來,主要用於go, come, leave, start等表示去向的短暫性動詞。如:
I』m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
⑻ 初中生英語語法覺得很難,主謂賓這些都不懂,怎麼才能提高
1要有興趣
你要通過多媒體接觸並了解英語,如你可以看美國電影,聽歐美歌曲版,或者對權說英語的國家的傳統禮儀產生興趣等等。這是你學英語的動力也是能消除你對學習語言的枯燥心情。
2語法的問題
這是最令人頭痛的部分,如天書一般。其實語法特簡單,它就像語文的語法一樣。兩者有很多的相似之處,只要找到主謂賓,定狀補,那麼名詞性從句你也就掌握一大半了。至於什麼虛擬語氣,讓步從句那都是英語才有的。你要把這些語法集中在一個大本子上,反復去看,反復寫就行。
望採納。
⑼ 我是一初二的學生,學習英語的什麼從句有些困難,還有現在完成時,我想問問怎樣學習這兩種句型。
好的,主要是給你說一些定語從句的規律。定語從句顧名思義,在句子中作定語用,修飾句子中的某一名詞或代詞。
eg.
I'd like a room___windows look out over the sea.答案為whose
因為關系代詞whose是who的所有格,在從句中做定語,多指人,也可指物。此處whose指名詞room。
其次是where。where用作關系副詞時,其先行詞必須是表地點的名詞,而且應在從句中用作地點狀語。
eg.This is the town____I was born.答案為where
還有that.一般來說當先行詞指人時,關系代詞用that或who;先行詞指物時,關系代詞可用that或which。但是當先行詞即指人又指物時,必須用關系代詞that。在下列情況中也多用that:先行詞為不定代詞,包括復合詞something等;先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾;還有在強調結構中;最後是先行詞前有指示代詞same時修飾等。
最後就是which。如果關系代詞在介詞之後,必須用which。
eg. This is the book about____i'm talking.答案為which。
另外,在下列情況中也用which:離先行詞較遠時;還有引導非限制性定語從句時等。
這些都是最基本的規律,只要你掌握了,再多做些練習,大概就沒什麼問題啦。
現在完成時,顧名思義就是到 現在為止 已經完成的時態,表狀態,構成是have/has+動詞的過去分詞形式,這個時態的運用時,你要自己去判斷它的時間,比如我們經常用一些標志性詞語來判斷so far,up to now, until now (迄今為止),since(自從…以來),for/in/over/ring the past few years, in the last few years(近幾年來),等。 剩下的就是我剛說的,自己去判斷句子中那個動作發生的時間,你就知道用什麼時態和動詞的什麼形式了。
⑽ 初中生學英語語法的最佳方法
把這個看會你英語一定行!
初中英語片語總結
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官動詞)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump
2 (比較級 and 比較級) 表示越來越怎麼樣
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 贊成某人
5 all kinds of 各種各樣 a kind of 一樣 6 all over the world = the whole world 整個 世界
7 along with同……一道,伴隨…… eg : I will go along with you我將和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 學生同老師們一起種樹
8 As soon as 一怎麼樣就怎麼樣 9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的東西) eg : ask you for my book
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什麼
12 ask sb to do sth 詢問某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……歲時 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的開始
15 at the end of +地點/+時間 最後;盡頭;末尾 eg : At the end of the day
16 at this time of year 在每年的這個時候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +從句 感覺/對什麼有信心,自信
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
18 be + doing 表:1 現在進行時 2 將來時
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能夠…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing
20 be able to do sth 能夠干什麼 eg :she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐懼,害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog
22 be allowed to do 被允許做什麼
eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允許看電視 I should be allowed to watch TV 我應該被允許看電視
23 be angry with sb 生某人的氣 eg : Don't be angry with me
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 為什麼而生某人的氣
25 be as…原級…as 和什麼一樣 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一樣高
26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 遠離 28 be away from 從……離開
29 be bad for 對什麼有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太陽下看書對你的眼睛不好
30 be born 出生於 31 be busy doing sth 忙於做什麼事 be busy with sth 忙於……
32 be careful 當心;小心 33 be different from…… 和什麼不一樣
34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 對某人友好
36 be from = come from 來自 eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?
37 be full of 裝滿……的 be filled with 充滿 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water
38 be glad+to+do/從句 39 be going to + v(原) 將來時
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善長, 善於……
41 be good for 對什麼有好處 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English
42 be happy to do 很高興做某事
43 be helpful to sb 對某人有好處
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大聲朗讀對你有好處
Exercising is helpful to your bady 鍛煉對你的身體有好處
44 be in good health 身體健康
45 be in trouble 處於困難中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble
46 be interested in 對某方面感興趣
47 be late for = come late to 遲到 eg: Be late for class 上課遲到
48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的氣
50 be made from 由……製成(製成以後看不見原材料)
51 be made of 由……製成(製成以後還看得見原材料) 52 be not sure 表不確定
53 be on a visit to 參觀 54 be popular with sb 受某人歡迎
55 be quiet 安靜 56 be short for 表**的縮寫 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊傑
57 be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you
61 be strict in doing sth 嚴於做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles
62 be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 這些學生對自己不嚴格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面對某人嚴格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什麼
65 be sure 表確定 66 be sure of doing sth 對做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大腦(老師)
68 be sure that sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通過考試
69 be sure to do sth一定會做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我們一定會通過這次考試 We are sure to learn English well 我們一定能學好英語
70 be terrified of + 名/動doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和什麼一樣 73 be used to doing sth 習慣做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸習慣早He is used to sleeping in class 他習慣上課睡覺
74 be worth doing 值得做什麼 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 叢句
76 because+句子 because of +短語
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 開始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什麼開始什麼
eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between…and… 兩者之間
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借給……什麼東西
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打擾 bother sb to do sth
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station
我十分道歉打擾你,但是你能告訴我怎麼去車站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 這個問題困擾了我幾個周了
He's bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到……為止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 關心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你為什麼不關心國家的未來
85 catch up with sb 趕上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人閑談 take sb to + 地點 帶某人去某地
87 come in 進88 come over to 過來
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一個好辦法嗎?
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考慮做什麼 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 為什麼不考慮去瀘州?
92 dance to 隨著……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞
93 decide to do sth 決定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的調查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做錯 97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /從句 /名詞 不要介意……
99 each +名(單)每一個…eg : Each student has many books 每一個學生都有一些書 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜歡 102 escape from 從……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人從監獄里逃跑出來 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下來 fall off 從哪摔下來 105 fall in love with sb /sth 愛上什麼
106 far from 離某地遠 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 發現做某事怎麼樣
108 find sb/sth +adj 發現什麼怎麼樣 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing(名詞)
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 適合某人 111 forget to do 沒有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 從某某到某某 eg: From me for her
113 get /have sth down 做完,被(別人)做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了發(頭發被剪了)
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了(被牙醫拔掉了)
114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 與某人相處得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 與某人相處 117 get ready for = be ready for為什麼而准備eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 給某人麻119 get sb to do sth
120 get…from… 從某處得到某物 121 give a talk 做報告 eg: He is give a tall
122 give sth to sb give sb sth 給某人某物 123 go fish 釣魚 go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 繼續做這件事 125 go out away from go out of
126 go to school 上學(用於專業的)go to the school 去學校(不一定是上學) 127 good way to 好方法
128 hate to do 討厭沒做過的事 hate doing 討厭做過的事
129 have a party for sb 舉辦誰的晚會 130 have a talk 聽報告 談一談
131 have been doing 現在完成進行時 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since
132 have been to …( 地方)……去過某過地方 have gone to …(地方) 去了某地還沒回來
133 have fun +doing 玩得高興 134 have sth to do 有什麼事要做
eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作業要做 I have nothing to do 我沒什麼事情做
135 have to do sth 必須做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什麼事情有麻煩
137 have…time +doing
138 have…(時間)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我請一個月得假
139 hear sb +do/doing 聽見某人做某事/正在做某事
140 help a lot 很大用處
141 help sb with sth \one's sth 幫助某人某事(某方面) help sb (to) do sth 幫助某人做某事
142 hope to do sth 希望做某事
143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
144 how do you like = what do you think of 你對什麼的看法
145 if : 是否=wether
eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否應該去參加晚會
He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我們明天早上是否能准時到達
146 if :如果,假如(全部接一般時態)+條件語態從句
eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨,我就去瀘州
If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他們要改變計劃,他們會讓我知道的
I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足夠的錢,我就要去英國
147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人認為
148 in some ways 在某些方面
149 in the end = finally(adv) 最後
150 in the north of… 什麼在什麼的北方 (north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 東 )
151 in the sun 在太陽下
152 increase 增加
eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他們把石油價增加了3%
the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now
153 instead of +(名 ) 代替
eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要蘋果,而不要梨子
I like English instead of math 我喜歡英語而不喜歡數學
154 introce sb to sb 介紹某人給某人 introce oneself 自我介紹
155 invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事
156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少時間
eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook
157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 對某人來說做某事怎麼樣
158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎麼樣
159 It's +adj for sb 對於某人來說怎麼樣 It's +adj of sb 對某人來說太怎麼樣
160 It's +adj(for sb) to do(對某人來說) 做某事怎麼樣 It's +adj of sb to do sth 對某人來說做某事太怎麼樣
eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English
161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 對…… 來說是個好主意
162 It's important to sb 對某人來說很重要 eg: It's important to me
163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了該去做某事的時間
eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 該去上課了
164 join = take part in 參加
165 just now 剛才
166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介詞短語 讓什麼保持什麼樣?
167 keep out 不讓 …… 進入
168 keep sb adj 讓……保持…… eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康
169 key to +名詞 表示:某物的鑰匙或某題的答案
170 key to… anser to … key 可以是答題或鑰匙
171 laugh at… 取笑…… eg : Don't langh at others We langhed at the joke
172 learn by oneslfe 自學
173 learn from sb 向某人學習 eg: We should learn from Lei Feng
174 learn to do sth 學做某事
175 let sb do sth 讓某人做某事
176 Let sb down 讓某人失望 eg : We shouldn't let our farents down 我們不應該讓我們的父母失望
177 live from :離某地遠
178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地 eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan
179 look after = take care of 照顧 照看
180 lose one's way 誰 迷 路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路
181 make a decision to do sth 決定做某事
182 make friends with sb 和誰成為朋友 eg : I want to make friends with you
183 make it early 把時間定的早一點
184 make on exhibition of oneself 讓某人出洋相
185 make sb /n +n 使什麼成為什麼 eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife
186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人(某物)怎麼樣 eg : You must made your bed clean
187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎麼樣
188 make sb do sth 讓某人做某事 eg : I made him write 我以前讓他寫
189 make up be made up of (被動語態)由……組成
190 make…difference to…
191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意……做什麼
192 most +名 most of +代
193 much too +形容詞 194 must be 一定 195 need +名詞
196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事 197 need to do (實義動詞) need do (情態動詞)
198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing
199 no +名詞
200 not anymore = no more 再也不…… eg: He didn't cry any more He cried no more 他再也不哭201 not… (形 、副)at all eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't junp far at all
202 not…at all 一點都不
203 not…either 表否定,也不 eg : I don't japanse either I don't have sister, either 我也沒有姐姐
204 not…until 直到……才……
eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar
205 offer / provide sb with sth 給某人提供
206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb 提供什麼東西給某人 eg : I offer you water (I offer water to you 我給你提供水
207 on one's way to… 在誰去那的路上
208 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面
209 on the phone = over the phone 用電話交談
210 on time 准時 in time 及時
211 one day =some day =someday 一天,有一天
212 one of +可數名詞的復數形式
213 one to another 一個到另一個
214 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的 eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin
215 part-time job 兼職工作 fall-time job 全職工作
216 pay for… 付……錢 pay the bill 開錢 ,付錢
217 please +do
218 please help yourself
219 pleased with sb
220 pool into = pore into
221 practice +doing 練習做某事
222 prefer sth to sth 相對……更喜歡…… eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化學中,我更喜歡物理
prefer doing to sth 更喜歡去做…不願意去做… eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜歡騎自行車,不開小車
prefer to do sth rather than do sth 寧願做…也不願
eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one 我叔叔更喜歡買新的車,也不去修舊車
prefer sb not to do sth 更願意… eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜歡她不來
223 pretend to do sth 裝著去做什麼 pretend that 從句
eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 這兩個騙子裝著努力工作
He pretended that he did not know the answer 他裝著不知道答案
224 rather…than 寧可……也不……
eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我願肯當醫生,也不當老師
He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜歡狗,不喜歡貓
225 regard…as 把……當作……
eg: Please give my best regards to your family 請帶我向你的家人我最好的問候
I regard you as my friend 我把你當作我的朋友
He shows little regard for others 他不愛關心別人
226 remid sb about sth 提醒某人什麼事 remid sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
eg : he remids me about cooking (he remids me to cook 他提醒我做飯
227 remid sb of sth 使某人想起什麼
eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 這照片使我想起了我的學校
the words that (which) the teacher talke to remind me of my mother
228 return sth to sb 還什麼東西給某人
229 say to oneself 對自己說
230 say to sb 對某人說
231 sb spend somemoney on sth 花了多少錢在某事上
232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少時間陪誰
233 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少時間做某事
234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are
235 see sb do 看見某人做過某事 see sb doing 看見某人正在做某事
236 seem to do/be +adj 顯得怎麼樣 eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy
237 send +sb sth 送給某人某物
238 send…to…把什麼寄到哪裡去?
239 shock 使……震驚 eg : Oh , It's only you ! You give me a shock 啊,是你呀!嚇我一跳
240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物 eg : I show her the book.
241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什麼東西給某人看 eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me
242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物 eg : I show the book to her.
243 some…others… 一些……另一些……
244 start…with… 從……開始 begin…with… 從……開始
245 stay away from 遠離……
eg : We're told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo 當我們參觀zoo 時,我們要遠離動物
If you want to lose weight you'd better stay auay from the sweet food 徒工你想減肥,你最好遠離甜食
246 stop doing 停下正在做的事
247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
248 stop sb(from) doing 阻止某人做某事
249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事
250 such +名 這樣 ,這種
251 suit sb 適合某人
252 surprise sb 使某人驚奇 to one's surprise 令某人驚奇
253 take classes 上課
254 take sb to 把某人帶去 eg : I take you to the hospital
255 take walks = take a walk = go for a walk 散步
256 ①talk to 對誰說 eg : I talk to you ② talk with 和誰說 eg : I talk with him
③ talk of 談到 eg : we talked of you ④ talk about 談論關於……
257 talk with sb 和某人說話
258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事
259 tell sb do sth 告訴某人做某事
260 tell sb sth tell sb that 叢句 tell sb not to do sth tell a story
261 tell sb sth 告訴某人某事
262 tell sb to do sth 告訴某人做什麼 tell sb not to do sth 告訴某人不要做什麼
263 tell…from…
264 thank you for +doing
265 the same +名詞(doing)+as……
266 the same…(名)…as as…(adj adv)…as 相同
267 the way to do sth = the way of doing st做某方面 的方法the way to +地方 去哪的路
e g :Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way of learning English
268 the way to…(地點) 到哪的269 too…to… 太怎樣而不能……adj +enough to 足夠…能… so…that +叢句
eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to school
He is old enough to go to school = He is so old that he can go to school
270 transalte ……into…… 把什麼翻譯成什麼 eg : Trasalte English into chinese
271 travel with sb和某人去旅遊272 try one's best to do sth盡某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to learn English well 273 try to do sth 想干什麼,但沒成功 try doing sth 想干什麼,已經做過了
eg :He tried to climb 他想爬上去,但沒成功 He tried climbing 他想爬上去,已經做過了
274 try…試衣服 have a try 試一下 275 turn down 開小 ←→ turn up 開大
276 turn off 關上 ←→ turn on 打開 open 拆開 277 upside down 倒著
278 visit to… 參觀某個地方 279 wait for sb 等某人