『壹』 2011屆高三英語定語從句第一輪復習語法
定義
I. 定語從句起形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔當一個成分，並與先行詞保持數的一致。
關系詞 先行詞 從句
成分 例句 備注
關系代詞 who 人 主語 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在從句中做賓語時，常可以省略，但介詞提前時後面關系代詞不能省略，也不可以用that
whom 人 賓語 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose 人，物 定語 I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate.
that 人，物 主語
賓語 A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which 物 主語
賓語 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as 人，物 主語
賓語 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做賓語一般不省略
關系副詞 when 時間 時間
狀語 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which
where 地點 地點
狀語 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which
why 原因 原因
狀語 I can』t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which
Ⅱ. as與which的區別：
定語
從句 區別 例句
限制性定語從句中 名詞前有such和the same修飾時，關系代詞用as,不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks.
Don』t read such books as you can』t understand.
非限制性定語從句中 as和which都可以指代前面整個主句。如果有「正如，象」的含義，並可以放在主句前，也可以放在後面，那麼用as；而which引導的從句只能放主句後，並無「正如」的意思。 They won the game, as we had expected.
They won the game, which we hadn』t expected.
As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
Ⅲ. 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別：
類別 語法意義及特徵 例句
限制性定語從句 對先行詞起修飾限製作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明確，這種從句與主句的關系十分密切，寫時不用逗號分開。 The accident happened at the time when I left.
非限制性定語從句 對先行詞作附加的說明，與主句的關系不十分密切，較鬆散。從句和主句之間用逗號分開，相當於一個插入語，不能用that引導，關系代詞做賓語時也不能省略。 His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.
一、考點聚焦
1、功能：相當於形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語
2、位置：定語從句置於被修飾詞之後
Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.
3、先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞
（1）先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如:some-, any-, every-和no與-boy, -thing的合成詞；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代詞。數詞也可以作先行詞，人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。
（2）先行詞與關系詞是等量關系。必須注意兩點：
①先行詞在從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的數由先行詞而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.
②關系詞在從句句子中充當了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能重復其意。
There are many places we can visit（them）in China.
4、關系詞：引導定語從句的都稱關系詞
關系代詞：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。
關系副詞：when, where, why。that偶爾也作關系副詞。
5、確定關系詞的步驟
（1）先找關系詞，看先行詞指的是什麼。
（2）看關系詞在從句中所充當的成分。
6、在定語從句中，當先行詞指物時，下列情況的關系詞宜用that而不用which
（1）先行詞被①形容詞最高級 ②序數詞 ③數詞幾種詞修飾或被 ④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修飾時。
（2）先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代詞時。
（3）先行詞中既有人又有物時。
He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.
（4）先行詞在主句中作表語關系詞在從句中作表語時。
The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.
（5）當主句中含有疑問詞which時。
Which are the books that you bought for me ?
7、宜用which而不用that的情況
（1）在非限制性定語從句中
（2）在關系詞前有介詞時
（3）當先行詞本身是that時
（4）當關系詞離先行詞較遠時
8、關系詞who與that指人時，也有不同情況分別用不同的關系詞
（1）當主句是there be句型時，關系詞用who。
（2）先行詞是為anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等詞時，關系詞用who。
（3）當主句是who作疑問詞時，關系詞用that。
Who is that girl that is standing by the window?
（4）whom在從句中只作賓語，可被who取代。
9、whose作關系詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語。如：
Do you know Mr. Smith whose story is very moving?
There is a room, whose window faces the river.
There is a room, the window of which faces the river.
10、關系代詞as,在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。
（1）先行詞被such和the same修飾，或句型as many（much）中，從句都用as 引導。
Such books as you bought are useful. The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.
注意：區別①such … that … 引導的結果狀語從句。They are suchlovely children that we love them much.②the same … that … 引導定語從句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.
（2）無先行詞的定語從句用as和which引導。
區別：①意義上：as 含有「這點正如……一樣」。②位置上：as 從句可置句首，也可在另處。
He didn』t pass the exam, as we had expected.
There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.
As is known, the earth is round, not flat.
11、關系副詞when與where、why、that
when 指時間 = in / at / on / ring which
where指地點 = in / at / from / which
why指原因 = for which
當先行詞為way、day、reason、time時，可用that作關系副詞。（非正式場合）
I don』t like the way that / in which / he talks.
當time作先行詞時，關系詞可以省掉。
This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.
12、必須注意的問題
（1）關系詞作主語時，從句中謂語的數。
（2）注意區別定語從句與強調句。
①定語從句中關系詞作從句成分，復合句。
②強調it無意義，that / who不是引導詞。
③強調it is / was和that / who後如果句子意思講得通則是強調句，講不通則不是。
It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定語從句)
It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（強調句）
（3）定語從句與同位語從句的區別。
①定語從句引導詞被稱為關系詞，that充當主語、賓語、表語。有時可省略。
②同位語從句引導詞被叫做連詞，that不能充當任何成分，不可省。
Word came that their army was defeated.(同位語)
We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定語)
（4）關系詞在從句中省略的情況。
①關系詞作賓語，前無介詞時。
②關系詞作表語。
（5）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的翻譯。
（6）關系詞前有介詞或復雜介詞，關系詞只能是which和whom。
（7）幾個特殊的定語從句句型：
①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中one為先行詞）
He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students為先行詞）
②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday？ Is this the place (that / which) we visited yesterday?
③He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.
④It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.
二、精典名題導解
1. The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.（NMET 2001）
A. until B. that C. when D. where
解析：答案為C。本題考查分隔定語從句的關系詞的選擇。作好本題的關鍵是要能辨認出該定語從句的先行詞the hours和關系詞被介詞短語to me所分隔。定語從句的先行詞是表時間的名詞hours, 並且關系詞在從句中用作狀語，故應選擇表示時間的關系副詞when。
2. ___________ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.(NMET 2001)
A. It B. As C. That D. What
解析：答案為B。本題考查as引導的非限制定語從句。as作「正如……」解時，引導的非限制性定語從句來修飾整個句子。當as在從句中作主語時，常用於下列短語：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。要注意掌握作關系代詞引導定語從句的用法。
3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ___________ he grew up as a child.(NMET 1996)
A. which B. where C. that D. when
解析：答案為B。本題考查限制性定語從句中關系詞的選擇。定語從句的先行詞是表示地點的名詞短語the small town, 且關系詞不作定語從句中的主語和賓語而作地點狀語，因此定語從句必須用關系副詞where引導。要注意分清先行詞在從句中充當的成分，然後選擇適當的關系詞。
『貳』 求教一道高中英語定語從句語法題
我覺得 是 同位語從句 that 引導的是 名詞性從句 that 沒有充當 句子成分 從句完整 解釋說明 the time of a year
『叄』 求高中英語語法定語從句的詳解與練習
高中定語從句詳細講解
（一）定義及相關術語
1．定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之後。
2．先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。
3．關系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。
關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；關系副詞有when, where, why等。
關系詞通常有下列三個作用：A、引導定語從句；B、代替先行詞；C、在定語從句中擔當一個成分。例如：
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 該句中，who is shaking hands with my father是定語從句，修飾先行詞the man， 「who」是引導定語從句的關系詞，代替先行詞the man，在定語從句中作主語。
（二）關系代詞引導的定語從句
1．who 指人，在定語從句中作主語。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物館的人必須在明晨7點到大門口集合。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我幫助了一位迷路的老人。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我們物理的老師。
2．whom 指人，在定語從句中做賓語，常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 劉先生就是你們在公共汽車上談論的那個人。
Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要見的男孩。The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已經來了。
The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老師經常表揚的那個女孩是我們的班長。
注意：關系代詞whom在口語或非正式文體中常可用who來代替，也可省略。
The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.
3．Which指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多數男孩所喜歡的運動。
The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 製造計算機的那家公司離這兒很遠。
He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜歡外國作家寫的書。
The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖邊的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。
This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 這是他昨天買的鋼筆。
The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他們昨晚看的電影一點意思也沒有。
4．That指人時，相當於who或whom；指物時，相當於which.。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時常可省略。
The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年來參觀這座城市的人數達一百萬。
Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那個人在哪兒？
The person that /whom you introced to me is very kind. 你介紹給我的那個人很友好。
The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 春天以後的季節是夏季。
Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封來自澳大利亞的信。
5．Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜訪了一個全國知名的科學家。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一個爸爸當醫生的朋友。
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾經住在那幢屋頂已經倒塌了的房子里。
注意：指物時，常用下列結構來代替：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?
『肆』 高中英語語法知識點重點有哪些啊
高中英語語法知識重點：定語從句，名詞性從句，狀語從句，反意疑問句，名詞與主謂一致，情態動詞，非謂語動詞，虛擬語氣，省略和倒裝。
『伍』 高三英語，各種從句，各種語法，什麼定語從句，表語從句，名詞性從句，狀語從句等等一直搞不清楚，詳細說
從句是相對於主句而言的，即它是從屬於某一個主句，而不能單獨作一個句子。在英語中，主要有三大從句，即 名詞性從句 （包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句）、 形容詞性從句 （即定語從句）、 副詞性從句 （即狀語從句，包括時間、條件、結果、目
從句是相對於主句而言的，即它是從屬於某一個主句，而不能單獨作一個句子。在英語中，主要有三大從句，即名詞性從句（包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句）、形容詞性從句（即定語從句）、副詞性從句（即狀語從句，包括時間、條件、結果、目的、原因、讓步、地點、方式等）。
主語從句用作主語，如：：
That the earth is round is true． 地球為圓的是真實的。
賓語從句用作賓語。如：
Do you know where he lives?
表語從句用作表語，如：
My opinion is that you should not go alone． 我的意見是你不應單獨前往。
同位語從句用於解釋說明前面的名詞。如：
The fact that the earth is round is true． 地球是圓的的事實是真實的。（that從句用於解釋說明the fact）
定語從句相當於一個形容詞，用於修飾前面的名詞。如：
The student who answered the question was John． 回答問題的學生是John．
狀語從句相當於一個副詞，如：
When it rains， I usually go to school by bus． 天下雨時，我通常坐公共汽車上學。（時間狀語）
If he comes tomorrow， you will see him． 如果他明天來，你就可以看見他。（if 引導的條件狀語從句，其結構為：if ＋狀語從句，＋主句）。要注意在狀語從句中有一個規則是「主將從現」，即主句是將來時，則從句要用一般現在時表示將來。
He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged．他回家後得知女兒剛剛訂婚了。（結果狀語，結果狀語只是僅限於learn（得知），find（發現），see，hear，to be told（被告知），make（使得）等具有界限含義的動詞。）
You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all． 你必須大聲說話，才能讓所有人聽到你說話。（目的狀語，可以由that， so that， in order that， lest， for fear that， in case等詞引導。）
Since /As the weather is so bad， we have to delay our journey． 天氣那麼糟，旅行推遲了。 （原因狀語從句，常用 because， since， as， for fear （ 恐怕 ）， seeing that （ 既然 ） ， now that （＝since）， considering that （ 考慮到 ） 等引導。）
Though/Though he was worn out， （still） he kept on working． 雖然他已經精疲力竭了，但仍然繼續工作。 （讓步狀語從句，引導的連詞主要有以下這些：though， although， as； even if， even though； whether…or…； no matter＋疑問詞，疑問詞－ever．）
Where I live there are plenty of trees． 我住的地方樹很多。（地點狀語從句，通常由where， wherever 引導。）
As water is to fish， so air is to man． 我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。（方式狀語從句通常由as， （just）
as…so…， as if， as though引導。）
主句和從句的劃分方法是相同的。句子的成分從謂語動詞處來劃分比較容易。謂語動詞前面的部分是主語，後面常接賓語，修飾謂語動詞的是狀語，修飾主語、賓語的是定語，若謂語是系動詞，則系動詞後的部分是表語。如：
I am a teacher． 其中，I 是主語，am是謂語，a teacher 是表語。
He likes playing football very much． 其中，he是主語，likes是謂語，playing football是賓語，very much是狀語。
『陸』 高中英語語法句型（全一點哦）
非謂語動詞
在句子中充當除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為三種形式:不定式，動名詞，和分詞(分詞包括現在分詞和過去分詞)。
1）不定式
時態\語態 主動 被動
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
2）動名詞
時態\語態 主動 被動
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
3）分詞
時態\語態 主動 被動
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
否定形式： not +不定式， not + 動名詞， not + 現在分詞
倒裝句之全部倒裝
全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動詞全部置於主語之前。此結構通常只用與一般現在時和 一般過去時。常見的結構有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置於句首, 謂語動詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置於句首，謂語表示運動的動詞。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結構的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。
Here he comes. Away they went.
倒裝句之部分倒裝
部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態動詞，則需添加助動詞do, does或did，並將其置於主語之前。
1) 句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
當Not until引出主從復合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。
注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例題
1) Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 這是一個倒裝問題。當否定詞語置於句首以表示強調時，其句中的主謂須用倒裝結構。 這些否定詞包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本題的正常語序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我們知道為一倒裝句，答案在C，D 中選一個。
改寫為正常語序為，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 現在將not提前，後面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了。
以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
典型例題
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時，一般採用倒裝句(謂語前置)。這類表示否定意義的詞有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。
注意：只有當Not only… but also連接兩個分句時，才在第一個分句用倒裝結構。如果置於句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個並列詞語，不可用倒裝結構。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
so, neither, nor作部分倒裝
表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒裝。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
典型例題
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
答案：B. nor為增補意思"也不關心"，因此句子應倒裝。A錯在用 don't 再次否定， C neither 用法不對且缺乏連詞。 D缺乏連詞。
注意： 當so引出的句子用以對上文內容加以證實或肯定時，不可用倒裝結構。意為"的確如此"。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard. ---So it is.
only在句首要倒裝的情況
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子為主從復合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
as, though 引導的倒裝句
as / though引導的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前 （形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實義動詞提前）。
注意：
1) 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。
2) 句首是實義動詞, 其他助動詞放在主語後。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語, 隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意:
讓步狀語從句中，有though，although時，後面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。
其他部分倒裝
1) so… that 句型中的so 位於句首時，需倒裝。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2) 在某些表示祝願的句型中：
May you all be happy.
3) 在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語之前，採取部分倒裝。
Were I you, I would try it again.
典型例題：
1） Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案為D. 否定詞Not在句首，要求用部分倒裝的句子結構。
2） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize
答案為B。
3) Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know, ___.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
解析：答案為B. 句中的nor引出部分倒裝結構，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引導的倒裝句，表示前一情況的重復出現。其中, so用於肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。
名詞性從句
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses）。 名詞從句的功能相當於名詞片語, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
引導名詞性從句的連接詞
引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：
連接詞：that,whether,if 不充當從句的任何成分）
連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, which.
連接副詞：when, where, how, why
不可省略的連詞：
1. 介詞後的連詞
2. 引導主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比較：whether與if 均為"是否"的意思。 但在下列情況下，whether 不能被if 取代：
1. whether引導主語從句並在句首
2. 引導表語從句
3. whether從句作介詞賓語
4. 從句後有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分連接詞引導的主語從句都可以置於句末，用 it充當形式主語。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
名詞性that-從句
1）由從屬連詞that引導的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。 That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當主 語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語，例如：
主語：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他還活著全靠運氣。
賓語：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。
表語：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事實是近來誰也沒有見過他。
同位語：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近來誰也沒有見過他，這一事實令辦公室所有的人不安。
形容詞賓語：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你對工作滿意我感到很高興。
2）That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置於句末，例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚，整個計劃註定要失敗。
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關系：
a. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明顯……
b. It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句
It is believed that… 人們相信……
It is known to all that… 從所周知……
It has been decided that… 已決定……
c. It + be +名詞+ that-從句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常識
It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事實是……
d. It +不及物動詞+ that-分句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
名詞性wh-從句
1）由wh-詞引導的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外，還可充當介詞賓語、賓語補語和間接賓語等，例如：
主語： How the book will sell depends on its author. 書銷售如何取決於作者本人。
直接賓語：In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家裡可以隨心所欲。
間接賓語：The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱樂部將給得勝者設獎。
表語： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的問題是誰將接任該基金會主席職位。
賓語補足語：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高興給他起什麼名字就取什麼名字。
同位語： I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什麼時候回來。
形容詞賓語：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她為什麼拒絕他們的邀請。
介詞賓語： That depends on where we shall go.
那取決於我們去哪兒。
2）Wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語，而將wh-從句置於句末，例如：
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
還沒決定誰做這項工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他們何時結婚依然不明。
if, whether引導的名詞從句
1）yes-no型疑問從句
從屬連詞if, whether引導的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉化而來的，因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句，其功能和wh-從句的功能相同， 例如：
主語：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 這一計劃是否可行還有等證實。
賓語：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。
表語：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 問題在於我們是否應該借錢給他。
同位語：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他們調查他是否值得信賴。
形容詞賓語： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。
介詞賓語： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我擔心他是否能度過疾病的危險期。
2）選擇性疑問從句
選擇性疑問從句由關聯詞if/whether…or或whethe…or not構成，例如：
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 請告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計劃。
『柒』 高中英語定語從句部分的語法知識(盡量清晰一點嘛！）謝謝！！！
http://wuzengping.blog.163.com/blog/static/28346016201022871434256/這里博客講的很全，還有學習英語專的方法。屬
『捌』 高中英語名詞性從句和定語從句的語法總結（詳細一點）
名詞性從句是由if, whether, that 和各種疑問詞充當連接詞所引導的從句，其功同名詞一樣。
一．主語從句
主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主語和it引導強調句的比較
It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結構，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導的強調句則是對句子某一部分進行強調，無論強調的是什麼成分，都可用連詞that。被強調部分指人是也可用who/whom。
2. 用it 作形式主語的結構
(1) It is ＋名詞＋從句
(2) it is ＋形容詞＋從句
(3) it is ＋不及物動詞＋從句
(4) it ＋過去分詞＋從句
3. 主語從句不可位於句首的五種情況
(1) if 引導的主語從句不可居於復合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …結構中的主語從句不可提前。
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 結構中的主語從句不可提前。
(4) It doesn』t matter how/whether …結構中的主語從句不可提前。
(5) 含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。
4. What 與that 在引導主語從句時的區別
What 引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分，如主語．賓語．表語，而that 則不然。
定語從句也稱為關系從句或形容詞性從句，由關系代詞（who, whom, whose, which, that）或關系副詞（as, when, where, why）等引導。關系詞除了起引導作用外，還在從句中指代前面的先行詞，並在從句中擔任一定的成分。
一、限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句
定語從句就其與先行詞的關系而言，可分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句。限定性定語從句和先行詞之間沒有逗號，表示對先行詞起修飾限製作用；而非限定性定語從句和先行詞之間有逗號分開，是對先行詞進行補充說明，相當於並列句。如：
He is the man who has strong personality. 他是個個性很強的人。（限定性定語從句）
My brother, who works abroad, is coming next week. 我哥哥在國外工作，他下周將回來。（非限定性定語從句）
註：1. 非限定性定語從句不能用that來引導，一般用which，as或who（指人）。用which或as引導時，既可以修飾主句的部分內容，也可修飾主句的全部內容。如：
He spoke confidently, which impressed me most. （which指代整個主句，在從句中作主語）
2. as引導的非限定性定語從句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之後，但which或who引導的非限定性定語從句不能放在主句之前。如：
As we all know, the moon is a satellite of the earth.
The large area is covered with thick snow, which affects people's life greatly.
3. 在限定性定語從句中，關系代詞作賓語時可以省略；但在非限定性定語從句中，關系代詞作賓語時不能省略。如：
The film (which) I saw last night is about a young teacher. (which可以省去)
She introced me to her husband, whom I hadn』t met before. (whom不能省去)
二、通常只用關系代詞that，不用 which，who或whom的幾種情況
1. 當先行詞是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, few等時。如：
All that you want are here.
2. 當先行詞被all, no, some, any, every, a few, a little, much, only, very等修飾時。如：
There is no person that doesn』t make mistakes.
3. 當先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。如：
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
4. 當出現兩個或兩個以上的先行詞，並同時兼指人和物時。如：
We are talking about the people and countries that we have visited.
5. 當主句是以which 或 who 開頭的特殊疑問句時。如：
Who is the person that is standing over there?
6. 當定語從句為there be 句型時，關系代詞只能用that，但經常可以省略。如：
I know the difference (that) there is between you.
7. 當關系代詞在從句中作表語時，常用that。如：
He does not seem to be the man that he was. 他似乎和過去不一樣了。
三、as 與其他詞連用引導的定語從句
as 引導定語從句時，可指人也可指物，通常與the same，such，so等連用，形式為：the same… as，such… as，as …as，so… as。As在定語從句中可作主語、賓語、表語等。如：
She knew he felt just the same as she did. 她知道他的感覺與她自己的一樣。(as代替事，作賓語)
I lend you such books as will interest you. 我借給你使你感興趣的書。(as代替物，作主語)
註：the same… as 和the same… that的用法不同。as引導的定語從句表示其內容與主句所講的事物「相似」，指同類事物；that引導的定語從句表示其內容與主句所講的事物是「同一個」，指同一事物。如：
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 這和我昨天丟的筆一樣。（類似的筆）
This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 這支筆就是我昨天丟的那支。（同一支筆）
四、「介詞+關系代詞」引導的定語從句
在「介詞+which/whom」結構中，介詞的選擇取決於三種情況：
1．定語從句中謂語動詞或表語的搭配。如：
This is the college in which I am studying.
He is the man about whom we are talking.
2．先行詞與介詞的習慣搭配。如：
The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter. 儀表上顯示出這台機器運轉的速度。
3．當定語從句為最高級時只能用of which; 否則用其他介詞。如：
I have five dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best.
I have five dictionaries among which Longman Dictionary is published in UK.
註：不可拆分的動詞短語介詞不能提前，如put up with；有的短語可能有不同的介詞搭配，此時需要根據上下文來確定。如：be familiar with/to，compare with/to等。
有時為表意清楚，還可以在關系副詞where/ when前加介詞from, to等。如：
China is the birthplace of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. 中國是風箏的故鄉，從這里，放風箏的運動傳到了日本、韓國、泰國和印度。
『玖』 英語高手們,講解一下定語從句語法點,簡潔明了
定語從句
I. 定語從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔當一個成分，並與先行詞保持數的一致。
關系詞 先行詞 從句成分 例句 備注
關系代詞 who 人 主語 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在從句中做賓語時，常可以省略，但介詞提前時後面關系代詞不能省略，也不可以用that
whom 人 賓語 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose 人，物 定語 I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that 人，物 主語，賓語 A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which 物 主語，賓語 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as 人，物 主語，賓語 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做賓語一般不省略
關系副詞 when 時間 時間狀語 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which
where 地點 地點狀語 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which
why 原因 原因狀語 I can』t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which
II. that與which, who, whom的用法區別：
情況 用法說明 例句
只用that的情況 1． 先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時。
2． 先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修飾時
3． 先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數詞修飾時
4． 先行詞既指人又指物時
5． 先行詞被the only, the very修飾時
6． 句中已經有who或which時，為了避免重復時 1.He told me everything that he knows.
2.All the books that you offered has been given out.
3.This is the best film that I have ever read.
4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
5.He is the only man that I want to see.
6.Who is the man that is making a speech?
只用which, who, whom的情況 1． 在非限制性定語從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人
2． 在由「介詞+關系代詞」引導的定語從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。
3． 先行詞本身是that時，關系詞用which, 先行詞為those, one, he時多用who。 He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.
I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.
Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
III. as與which的區別：
定語從句 區別 例句
限制性定語從句中 名詞前有such和the same修飾時，關系代詞用as,不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks.
Don』t read such books as you can』t understand.
非限制性定語從句中 as和which都可以指代前面整個主句。如果有「正如，象」的含義，並可以放在主句前，也可以放在後面，那麼用as；而which引導的從句只能放主句後，並無「正如」的意思。 They won the game, as we had expected.
They won the game, which we hadn』t expected.
As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
IV. 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別：
類別 語法意義及特徵 例句
限制性定語從句 對先行詞起修飾限製作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明確，這種從句與主句的關系十分密切，寫時不用逗號分開。 The accident happened at the time when I left.
非限制性定語從句 對先行詞作附加的說明，與主句的關系不十分密切，較鬆散。從句和主句之間用逗號分開，相當於一個插入語，不能用that引導，關系代詞做賓語時也不能省略。 His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.
『拾』 定語從句高考知識點
介詞+關系詞
1）介詞後面的關系詞不能省略。
2）that前不能有介詞。
3） 某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的「介詞+關系詞」結構可以同關系副詞when 和where 互換。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？
Do you remember the day when you joined our club？
先行詞和關系詞二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what 可以用all that代替)
as， which 非限定性定語從句
由as， which 引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當於and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know， smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth， which is very important to us.
典型例題
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss， ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. whichD. he
答案C. 此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使後句成為句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good， ___ was more than we could expect.
A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it
答案B。which可代替句子，用於非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用於非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子並在一起在英語語法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday， ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. thatB. whichC. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引導非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點：
(1） as 引導的定語從句可置於句首，而which不可。
(2） as 代表前面的整個主句並在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關系代詞只能用which.。
在本題中，prevent由於是行為動詞，所以正確選項應為B。
As 的用法
例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一種固定結構， 和……一樣……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引導非限制性從句，常帶有'正如'。
As we know， smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know， smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是關系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語；例2中，它充當從句的主語，謂語動詞know要用被動式。
關系代詞that 的用法
1）不用that的情況
a) 在引導非限定性定語從句時。
(錯)The tree， that is four hundred years old， is very famous here.
b) 介詞後不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況
a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b)在不定代詞，如：anything， nothing， the one， all， much， few， any， little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。
c)先行詞有the only， the very修飾時，只用that。
d)先行詞為序數詞、數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。.
e)先行詞既有人，又有物時。
舉例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油問題。
Finally， the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。
難點分析
（一）限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況
1．當先行詞是anything， everything， nothing (something 除外)， few， all， none， little， some等代詞時，或者是由every， any， all， some， no， little， few， much等修飾時
(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said？
(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.
(3) All that can be done has been done.
(4) There is little that I can do for you.
注意：當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who
(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of ty won』t do such a thing.
2. 當先行詞被序數詞修飾
(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3. 當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時
(1) This is the best film that I have seen.
4. 當形容詞被the very， the only 修飾時
(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy，
(2) After the fire in his house， the old car is the only thing that he owned.
當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who
(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/
5. 當先行詞前面有who， which等疑問代詞時
(1) Who is the man that is standing there？
(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most？
6. 當先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時
(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned？
（二）關系代詞as和which引導的定語從句
as和which引導非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：
1．As和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。
(1) He married her， as/which was natural.
(2) He was honest， as/which we can see.
2. as 引導非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之後，甚至可以切割一個主句；which引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之後。另外，as有「正如……，正像……」的意思
(1) As is known to all， China is a developing country.
(2) He is from the south， as we can see from his accent.
(3) John， as you know， is a famous writer.
(4) He has been to Paris more than several times， which I don』t believe.
注意：當主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關系時，常用which
(5) Tom was always late for school， which made his teacher angry.
3. 當先行次受such， the same修飾時，常用as
(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.
(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.
(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.
注意：當先行次由the same修飾時，偶爾也用that引導定語從句，但是和由as所引導的定語從句意思不同
(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary』s wedding. 她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。
(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。
（三）以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which， that引導，而且通常可以省略。
(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.
(四) but有時也可以做關系詞引導定語從句
(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don』t )
(五) 區分定語從句和同位語從句
1．定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關系；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內容，是補充說明的關系
(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定語從句
(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位語從句
2．定語從句由關系代詞或者關系副詞引導，關系詞在句中充當成分，有時可以省略；同位語從句主要由that引導，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when， where， how， why， whether， what等詞引導，充當成分
(1) The news he told me is true.
(2) The news that he has just died is true.
(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定語
(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.
3. 同位語從句和先行詞一般可以用be動詞發展成一個完整的句子，而定語從句不可以
(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位語
(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.
(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.