⑴ 初三上冊英語第四單元語法總結
Unit 4
一、知識點
1、①give sb sth=give sth to sb
類似的詞還有:pass、lend、show、write、send等
②buy sb sth=buy sth for sb
類似的詞還有:make、draw、cook等
2、hundred 、thousand、mi11ion與數字連用不能用復數。
hundreds of、thousands of、mi11ions of中必須用復數。
3What if …… 如果……將會怎麼樣?(引導條件狀語從句、疑問句)
eg What if she doesn』t come? 她要是不來怎麼辦?
What if your parent don』t agree? 如果你的父母不同意怎麼辦?
What if you should fall sick? 如果你生病了怎麼辦?
7、before 引導一個句子,為連詞。後跟短語或名詞等,則為介詞。
8、food 表示食品種類,一種食物時,為可數名詞
What does/do ×× look like? 問相貌。
She is tall.
What』s ×× like? 問「品質性格」。
She is outgoing.
12、 give a speech 做演講 have a speech聽演講 give a report 做報告have a report 聽報告
13、permission (n.) 允許,許可 permit (v.) 允許
Don』t read others』 diary without permission.
14、plenty of 充足的,相當多的。修飾可數或不可數名詞,只能用於肯定句。否定、疑問句中用 enough.
15、not……in the slightest=not……at all 根本不
16、company ①公司 ②一群人,一夥人
③ 陪伴
I would like your company if you are free tonight.
17、get along (with)=get on (with)
①進行,進展
eg The business is getting along very well. 生意進展的很順利。
How are you getting along with your English study? 你的英語學習進展的怎麼樣了?
②相處
eg Do you get along with your boss?= Do you and your boss get along? 你跟老闆合得來嗎?
I』m getting along very well with my classmates. 我和同學們相處得很好。
18、would rather … than … (= would … rather than)寧願,而不願。
前後連接兩個動詞原形,否定形式為:would rather not do sth
①would rather … than … = prefer … to …
但prefer … to … 若連接兩個動詞,動詞應為v-ing 形式。
eg He would rather jog than play football.=He prefers jogging to playing football.
②would rather 常單獨使用,表示「寧願做…」
eg He would rather watch TV at home.
③rather than = instead of 而不是
連接兩個並列成分,前後對稱。
eg I』d prefer to go to in summer rather than in winter.
I decided to write rather than telephone.
I like going out with you rather than with him.
She enjoys listening rather than speaking.
19、today、here、there、downstairs、upstairs、above、below做賓語修飾名詞,放在名詞之後
eg the weather today今天的天氣 people here這里的人們the man downstairs樓下的那個男的
the passage below 下面的這段話
22、the rest 其餘的,可指代可數或不可數名詞。The other(s) 只能指代可數名詞
23、come up with 提出或提出(答案、方法)等。類似於think of.
eg How would you come up with this idea? 你怎樣想出這個注意的?
My brother is a person who often comes up with good idea.我弟弟是個常常能想出好點子的人
24、offer 提供 offer sb sth 給××…… offer to sb sth 主動提出干……
二、短語
1、give it to charity 把它捐給慈善機構 2、medical research 醫學研究
3、What if …… 如果…怎麼樣? 4、get nervous 緊張
5、take a big exam 參加大考 6、help with 有助於
7、in public 在公共場合 8、hardly ever 幾乎不
9、the whole school 全校 10、without permission 為經許可
11、be(make) friends with 與…交朋友 12、ask one』s permission 請求××的允許
13、introce…to… 把…介紹給… 14、invite…to do… 邀請…干…
15、social situations 社會環境 16、not… in the slightest 根本不,一點也不 17、right away 立刻,馬上 18、all day 全天
19、be friendly to 對…友好 20、at lunch time 在午飯時間
21、a bit shy 有點害羞 22、English speech contest 英語演講比賽
23、represent the class 代表班級 24、come top 名列第一(前茅)
25、let … down 使…失望 26、come up with 提出、想出
27、be sure of + n./pron. 28、the rest of the students 其餘的學生
be sure to do 相信… 29、have a lot of experience (in) doing sth
be sure +that 從句 在做某事方面有經驗
30、deal with 對付,處理 31、come out 出版
32、give advice on… 在…方面提出意見、建議 33、by accident 偶然地,無意之中
34、hurry to do sth 匆匆忙忙干… 35、an internet friend 網友
三、句子
1、He doesn』t know if he should bring a present. 他不知道是否該帶禮物。
2、You shouldn』t worry about what other people say.你不應該考慮別人說什麼。
3、What will you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百萬美元,你會干什麼?
4、If I were you, I 『d take a small present.如果我是你,我會帶一個小禮物。
5、I』m too tired to do well.我太累了,沒考好。
6、Dogs can be a lot of trouble.狗會帶來很多麻煩。
7、What are you like? 你是什麼樣的人?
8、I』d invite him/her to have dinner at my house.我會邀請他(她)到我家吃飯。
9、You enjoy the company of other people.你喜歡別人的陪伴。
10、I feel nervous talking in front of many people.我在眾人面前講話時感到緊張。
11、She always comes top in the school exams.她在學校的考試中總是名列前茅。
12、She doesn』t want to let her friends down.她不願讓朋友失望。
13、If I were you, I』ll get out of here.如果我是你,我會離開這里。
祝你學習進步,更上一層樓!(*^__^*)
⑵ 新目標九年級英語第四單元重點語法
虛擬語氣
一、概念
[Subjunctive Mood]
中文譯作"虛擬語氣"。它是一種動詞形式,表示說話人的某種假設、願望、懷疑、猜測、建議等含義。
二、語法結構
1.if結構(非真實條件句——表示的是假設的或實際可能性不大的情況)
與..事實相反 If從句 主句
過去 Had done Would* have done
現在 Were/did Would* do
將來 Should do/were/were to do Would* do
例句:If there hadn』t been much rain in spring, we would have had a good harvest now. [過去]
If he smoked less, his cough might be well soon. [現在]
If the lecturer should be late, you would have to make a speech first. [將來]
備註:
(1)上表中』would*』可轉換為should、could、might。
(2) 如果為時間錯綜句的話,左右兩欄可互相搭配,排列組合。
例句:
He would still be alive today if he hadn』t taken that drug.
[與現在事實相反] [與過去事實相反]
(3) if可轉換為其他形式
例句:Without your advice, our meeting wouldn』t have been so successfully. [過去]
(=>可轉換為:If there hadn』t been your advice, we …)
Your notes are almost illegible (難以辨認的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. [將來]
(=> 可轉換為:If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.)
I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.[過去]
(=> 可轉換為:If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he ..)
2、wish結構
與..事實相反
過去 Had done
現在 Were/did
將來 Would
備註:可轉換為其他形式。
例句:He talks as if (好像) he had done all the work himself. [過去]
I wish I were a bird.
I wish he handn' done that.
I wish I would be rich in the future.
3、should結構
從句中用「should + 動詞原形」構成。而且should可以省去。用於此結構的動詞有:advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest,intend等。
例句:The teacher suggest he (should) read English aloud.
注意:當insist表示「堅持認為」、suggest表示「表明,顯示」時,不用虛擬語氣。
例句:The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.
He insisted that he was honest.
4、would rather +從句
在這種結構中,從句的謂語動詞用過去形式表示虛擬。
例句:I would rather you did this instead of me.
5、主語從句中的虛擬語氣
1)It be + 形容詞 + that ...(should)...
用於該句型的形容詞是:necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny,
strange, surprising .
一些名詞也可以用於 在該結構中。如:a pity, no wonder....
2)It be + 過去分詞 + that ...(should)....
用於該結構中的過去分詞是表示「建議、請求、命令」等詞的過去分詞。如:desired, suggested, requested,
ordered, proposed等。
3)It is time(about time, high time)that ...(過去式動詞形式或should+動詞原形)....
It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now.
6、表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣
在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要有內涵的名詞後面的表語從句、同
位語從句中,要使用虛擬語氣。其謂語動詞應用:should+原形動詞。另外連接從句的that不能省
略。
例:My suggestion is that we should go there at once.
What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening?
三、使用范圍及判斷
1、虛擬語氣表示一種不能實現的假設。該語法主要用於if條件狀語從句。也可用於主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句等。
2、if條件狀語從句中虛擬語氣的判斷
判斷是真實條件句還是非真實條件句。只有在非真實條件句中才使用虛擬語氣。通過句子意思,看假設的條件是否能夠實現,能夠實現是真實條件句,不能使用虛擬語氣;假設的條件不能實現則是非真實條件句,要用虛擬語氣。
判斷這個假設是與哪個事實相反。通常有三種情況:①與過去事實相反。②與現在事實相反。③與將來事實可能相反。
3、「後退一步法」
後退一步法是指在准確地判斷了該句與哪一事實相反後,按虛擬語氣的後退一步法處理從句謂語動詞的時態。即:在非真實條件狀語從句中,謂語動詞按正常情況「後退一步」。也就是:
1)與過去事實相反,在從句中用過去完成時形式表示。
2)與現在事實相反,在從句中用過去一般時形式表示。
3)與將來事實可能相反,在從句中用過去將來時形式表示。
主句中則用情態動詞would, should, could 等加一個與從句一致的動詞形式。
例:If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.
If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn』t go out.
四、注意事項
1.if條件從句中如有were, should, had,可以省去if,並使用倒裝語序。
2、在現代英語中if條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞如果是be其過去形式一般用were。
3、wish 後面賓語從句中的虛擬語氣,按「後退一步法」處理從句的謂語動詞。注意:與哪個事實相反,不能以主句的時態為判斷依據,而是根據從句的意義判斷。
⑶ 人教版英語九下各單元語法框題是什麼書上的看不太懂。
第1單元:「by + 動名詞」結構
第2單元:used to 的用法
第3單元:should + 被動語態
第4單元:虛擬條件句,版should 表示建議
第5單元:情權態動詞 must, night, could, can't 表示推測
第6單元:定語從句
第7單元:would 和 hope 表示虛擬語氣
第8單元:短語動詞
第9單元:被動語態的疑問句和陳述句
第10單元:過去完成時
第11單元:用賓語從句表示間接引語
第12單元:be supposed to do sth 結構
第13單元:make sb do sth (無to不定式作賓補) 和 make sb + 形容詞(形容詞作賓補)
第14單元:already 和 yet 用於現在完成時
第15單元:語法復習
⑷ 仁愛英語九年級unit4語法短語
Unit 4 短語
1. a million dollars 一百萬美元 2. buy snacks 買零食
3. three hundred / thousand / million / billion 三百/千/百萬/十億
4. hundreds / thousands / millions / billions of 數以百/千/百萬/十億計
5. give the money to charity 把錢捐獻給慈善機構6. put the money to the bank存錢
7. medical research 醫療研究 8. add…to… 添加…到…
9. be nervous 緊張 10. be late for 遲到
11. at the party 在晚會上 12. wear a shirt and tie穿襯衣打領帶
13. what if … 即使…又會怎麼樣呢?14. get / be nervous 緊張
15. get pimples 起雞皮疙瘩/長青春痘 16. take a big exam 參加大考
17. too…to… 太…以致不能 18. take a long walk 散一大段步
19. help you relax 幫你放鬆 20. let me have one 讓我有一個
21. speak in public 在公共場合講話 22. hardly ever 幾乎不曾
23. give a speech 作演講 24. without permission 未經允許
25. with one』s permission在某人許可的情況下 26. ask sb. to be in a movie邀請某人拍電影
27. introce oneself 自我介紹 28. not …in the slightest 一點也不
29. plenty of 許多…,足夠的… 30. the company of … ……的陪伴
31. be easy to get along with 容易相處 32. would rather…than…寧願…也不願…
33. English speech contest 英語演講比賽 34. represent the class 代表班級
35. let sb. down 使某人失望 36. come up with 提出、想出
37. the rest of students 其餘的學生 38. be faced with 面臨、面對
39. have experience (in) doing sth. 在做某事方面有經驗
40. deal with 對付、應付、處理 41. come out 出來、出版、開花
42. by accident 偶然地、無意之中 43. cover with 用…覆蓋住
44. go downstairs / upstairs 下/上樓 45. get hurt 受傷
46. refuse to do sth. 拒絕做某事 47. hide sth. from. sb.把某事瞞著某人
重點句子
Unit 4
1. What would you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百萬美元,你會怎麼做呢?
2. I』m too tired to do well.我太累了不能做好。
3. If I were you, I』d talk to someone who looks friendly.
如果我是你,我將和看起來友好的人講話。
4. I really want a dog, but my parents won』t let me have one.
我真的想要一隻狗,但我的父母不允許我養。
5. You like talking to one or two people rather than to a group.
你喜歡和一個或兩個人交談,而不是一群人。
6. You must always hide medicine from children.你必須把葯藏到小孩子們看不到的地方。
重點句型、句式
Unit 4
1.pretend to do sth. 假裝做某事 I pretended to sleep just now.
pretend +從句 假裝… I pretended that I fell asleep.
2. be late for 遲到 如:I am late for work/ school/ class/ party.
3.what if + 從句 如果…怎麼辦 , 要是… 又怎麼樣
如:What if she doesn』t come? 要是她不來怎麼辦?
What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎麼辦?
4. add sth.to sth.添加…到… 如:I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水裡。
5. ask sb. to do 叫…做某事
ask sb. not to do sth.叫…不要做某事
tell sb. to do 告訴…做某事
tell sb. not to do sth. 告訴…不要做某事
如:Teacher asked me to clean the classroom.
Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.
6. start doing==start to do.開始做某事
如:He started speaking/ to speak. 他開始說話。
7. borrow sth. from sb. 從某人那裡借來某物
如:I borrowed a book from Lily. 我從莉莉那裡借來一本書。
8. introce sb. to sb. 把某人介紹給某人
如:I introced Lily to Anna. 我把莉莉介紹給安娜。
9. invite sb. to do 邀請某人做某事
如:Lily invited me to go to her home for supper. 莉莉邀請我去她家吃晚飯。
10.get along with sb. 與…相處
如:Do you get along well with your friends? 你和你的朋友相處得好嗎?
11. would rather do sth. than do sth. 表示願做某事而不願做某事
如:I would rather walk than run.
12.let sb. down 讓某人失望 如:Don』t let your mother down.不要讓你的媽媽失望。
13. come up with sth.提出 如He:came up with a good idea.他提出了一個好主意。
catch up with sb. 追上 趕上 如:Lily caught up with Anna. 莉莉趕上了安娜。
14. have experience doing 在做某事有經驗
如:I have experience teaching Chinese. 我在教英語方面有經驗。
重點語法
Unit 4
賓語從句 賓語從句在復合句中作主句的賓語。
由連接詞+ 主語+ 謂語 構成
常由下面的一些詞引導:
一由that 引導 表示陳述意義 that 可省略
He says (that) he is at home. 他說他在家裡。
二由if , whether 引導 表示 一般疑問意義(帶有是否、已否、對否等)
I don』t know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韋華是否喜歡魚。
三由 連接代詞、連接副詞(疑問詞) 引導 表示特殊疑問意義
Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要買什麼嗎?
四從句時態要與主句一致
當主句是一般現在時,從句根據情況使用任何時態
He says (that ) he is at home. 他說他在家裡。
I don』t know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
She wants to know if I have finished my homework.
她想要知道我是否已經完成了我的作業。
Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他將會什麼時候回來?
當主句是一般過去時,從句應使用過去某時態(一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時,過去完成時)
He said (that) he was at home. 他說他在家裡。
I didn』t know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
She wanted to know if I had finished m homework.
她想要知道我是否已經完成了我的作業。
Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他將會什麼時候回來?
話題功能
Unit 1
1. 提建議的句子:
a. 提建議常用語
1. Shall we …?
2. You』d better….
3. Let』s ….
4. Let us…, will you?
5. Why not/ Why don』t you….?
6. What/How about…?
7. Would you like to…?
8. Will you please…?
b. 同意他人建議常用語
1. Yes, please./OK./Certainly./All right. /Sure.
2. Good idea. /That』s a good idea. /What a good idea!
3. Yes, let』s…/I would be glad to.
4. I would like to. /Yes, I』d like/love to.
c. 拒絕他人建議常用語
1. No, thank you.
2. Sorry, we can』t. /Sorry, you can』t.
3. Sorry, I』m afraid…/Sorry, I』ll…/Yes, I』d like (love) to, but…
2.解決問題的句子:
a.提出問題
1. I can』t get the pronunciation right.
2. I forget a lot of new words.
3. I can』t always understand when people talk to me.
4. I can』t understand the words in magazines.
5. I don』t get much writing practice.
b.解決問題
1. You can always write the new words in your notebook and study them at home.
2. You should find a pen pal.
3. Listening can help.
4. Why don』t you join an English language club to practice speaking English?
Unit 2
談論某人過去的性格:
1. ----She used to be short.
----Yes, she did. Now she is tall.
2. ----I used to eat candy all the time.
----Did you?
----Yes, I did. And I used to chew gum a lot.
還可以吧
⑸ 九年級英語第四單元ppt
英語ppt
先介紹具體單詞
然後是語法功能
⑹ 人教新目標版英語教材九年級第四單元重點難點考點句子,加翻譯,越多越好
語法
一、構詞法之一 ——詞的轉化 語言的基本要素之一是詞彙,在語言發展的最初階段,人們使用的是少量而簡單的詞彙,這些詞彙表示日常簡單的事物和概念,這些詞是是語言中最基本的詞,在語言上稱之為原生詞,也叫基本詞或根詞。隨著社會的發展與進步,語言的擴充與融合使語言變得復雜,原有的有限的原生詞已不夠用,人們便創造了一些新詞來表示新有的事物與概念。按照語言一定的規律創造新詞的方法,稱之為構詞法。 不添加任何成分,不改變詞型,把一個單詞由一種詞類轉用為另一種詞類的方法就是轉化法,如: cut v.切開---cut n.切口,傷口 burn v. 燒傷---burn n.燒傷口 cover v.蓋上---cover n.封面 water n. 水---water澆水
二、真實條件句和非真實條件句 把與事實相反的情況作為條件來假設,這種條件本身就是假的或不真實的,這種條件句叫非真實條件句。非真實條件句用一般過去時(be動詞用were),主句用would do,如: 在一個晴朗的天氣,你可以這樣說: If it were raining, I would have a good rest. 要是這會兒下雨,我會充分休息一下。 老師可以對著學生說: If you were a teacher, what would you do? 你要是老師,你會怎麼做?
注意:當對將來有可能發生的情況作為條件提出來時就是真實條件句,真實條件句一般都是對將來的假設,主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現在時,如:
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, I will go out with my parents.
如果明天不下雨,我就要跟父母一塊出去。
http://www.kjcenter.net/Soft_Show-505498-3.shtml這里有這個單元的課件
http://www.rr365.com/xmb/List/List_137.html這是重點,難點,考點只是總結!裡面哪個單元的都有!建議好好看看!
⑺ 九年級英語基本語法知識
呵呵 希望對你有所幫助 祝樓主進步哈
By是個很常用的介詞(有時也用作副詞),在初中英語中的用法有以下幾種: 1.意為「在……旁」、「靠近」。如: Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大樹下唱歌跳舞,有的在湖邊畫畫兒。 2.意為「不遲於」、「到……時為止」。如: Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的兒子在晚飯前會好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上個學期末你們已經學了多少首英語歌曲? 3.表示方法、手段,可譯作「靠」、「用」、「憑借」、「通過」、「乘坐」等。如: The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在樹上哈哈大笑。 The boy』s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父親是那麼的感激,於是他教愛迪生怎樣通過鐵路電報來傳達信息。 4.表示「逐個」、「逐批」的意思。如: One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他們一個一個得在黑暗中經過這張桌子。5.表示「根據」、「按照」的意思。如:What time is it by your watch? 你的表幾點了? 6.和take , hold等動詞連用,說明接觸身體的某一部分。如: I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7.用於被動句中,表示行為主體,常譯作「被」、「由」等。如: English is spoken by many people. 英語被許多人所說。(即「許多人講英語。」) 8.組成其它短語。 1) by the way : 意為「順便說」、「順便問一下」,常做插入語。如: By the way , where』s Li Ping , do you know?
順便問一下,李平在哪兒。你知道嗎? 2) by oneself : 意為「單獨」、「自行」。如: I can』t leave her by herself. 我不能把她單獨留下。 3) by and by : 意為「不久以後」、「不一會兒」。如: But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以後,越來越多的人開始學英語了。
二、動名詞的構成動詞後加動名詞doing,相當於名詞,在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語定語等。1)★作主語(這種用法常考)
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方與北方開戰了。2)作賓語Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
請問你介意調小一點收音機的音量嗎?3)作表語Babysister』s job is washing,cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服,作飯和照看孩子。
Unit2
used to 的用法:(1)肯定句:used這個詞沒有人稱的變化,to後面接動詞原形。 否定句是didn』t use to….
When I was a child, I didn』t use to like apples.當我還是孩子的時候我不喜歡蘋果.
疑問形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?當你來這兒之前你住哪兒?
(2)含有used to 的句子的反意疑問句不要usedn』t + 主語,而用didn』t + 主語。He used to smoke, didn』t he? 他過去常常吸煙,是嗎?Yes, he did./ No, he didn』t. 是的,他吸。/ 不,他不吸。
(3)used to 表示過去的習慣動作, 而不是現在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已經習慣於這里的天氣了。He is used to hard work. 他習慣於艱苦的工作。
(4)used to 可以和be, have 以及其他狀態動詞連用,描寫過去的狀態。 I used to be a waiter, but now I』m a taxi-driver.我過去是一個服務員,但現在我是計程車司機。
★ 本單元的許多運用used to 的句子屬於描述過去的狀態。Mario used to be short. 馬力奧過去總是很矮。Amy used to be outgoing. 愛米過去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜過去有一頭直的長頭發。He used to wear black shoes. 他過去常穿黑鞋。
Unit3
本單元重點講到了被動語態的用法 英語動詞的被動語態由助動詞be加及物動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞be有時態,人稱和數的變化,其變化規則與連系動詞be完全一樣。
一、被動語態的句式變化:
Unit4
虛擬語氣:如果我們所說的不是事實,也不是要求、命令、勸告等,而只是一種假設、願望、建議或是一種實現不了的空想就用虛擬語氣
注意:條件句分兩種,真實條件句和虛擬條件句。只有在虛擬(非真實)條件句中,才用虛擬語氣,而在真實條件句中,要用陳述語氣。
請比較:
(1)If it is sunny tomorrow , we』ll go to the zoo.
如果明天天氣好,我們將會去公園。在這句話中,明天天氣好是完全有可能實現的,並非虛擬、幻想,因此是真實條件句。在本句中,適用「主將從現。」
(2)If I were you , I would go at once.
(如果我是你的話,我立刻就走。)在這句話中,條件句,「如果我是你」,但事實上,我不可能成為你,這只是假設的情況,沒有實現的可能。當條件實現的可能性很小,甚至可以說沒有時,就需要用虛擬語氣來表示,動詞發生了變化。
也就是說虛擬語氣表示和現實的事實相反時,從句用一般過時。
主句用 「should/would/could/ might +動詞原形。
1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.
2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.
3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.
知識點2. He doesn』t know if he should bring a present.
此處if表示「是否」,引導賓語從句。Should此處表示「應該」。不是虛擬語氣。
E.g.1. I don』t know if I should go to the party.
2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .
知識點3.If I were you , I』d wear a shirt and tie.
if 引導的條件狀語從句表示與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣時,be動詞只能用were,而不能用was。
E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .
知識點4. I don』t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?
What if… 「如果……怎麼辦?」相當於 what would happen if…
E.g. What shall I do if it snows?
知識點5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.
Trouble 麻煩事 ,名詞
常用搭配 :get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble what』s the trouble
定語從句
1. who 指人,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略)
The man who I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
2. whom指人,作賓語 (作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略, 如介詞提前則不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略)
A plane is a machine. It can fly.→A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him. →He is the man (that) I told you about.
The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
↓
The scientist Ø we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
who
whom
that
The dress is new. She is wearing it.
↓
The dress that she is wearing is new.
which
Ø
(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.
↓
He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.
who
whom
Ø
This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
↓
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Ø
在選擇引導定語從句的關系代詞時,有如下要點:
1 由於關系代詞在主句與從句間既起到聯系作用,又在從句中充當一個成分,因此, 要正確判斷關系代詞在從句中的功能,如作主語還是賓語等。
2 當先行詞指人時,關系代詞可用who(做主語,賓語),that(做主語,賓語),whom(作賓語),whose(作定語)
3 當先行詞指物時,關系代詞可用that(做主語,賓語),which(做主語,賓語)
4 再定語從句中,作賓語的關系代詞長可省略,但在介詞後面的關系代詞不能省略。指人時,介詞後只用whom,指物時,介詞後只用which。
5 在非限制性定語從句中,指人時,只用who,指物時,只用which。Unit8
1、短語動詞小結
常見短語動詞結構有下面幾種:
1.動詞+副詞 如:give up 放棄 turn off 關掉 stay up 熬夜
這種結構有時相當於及物動詞,如果其賓語是代詞,就必須放在動詞和副詞之間,如果是名詞,則既可插在動詞和副詞之間,也可放 在短語動詞後。
2. 動詞+介詞 如:listen of 聽 look at 看 belong to 屬於
這種結構相當於及物動詞,後面跟賓語。
3. 動詞+副詞+介詞 如:come up with 提出,想出 run out of 用完,耗盡
4. 動詞+名詞(介詞) 如:take part in參加 catch hold of 抓住
2、倒裝句
not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用來連接兩個並列的成分
(1)引導以 not only …but (also)… 開頭的句子往往引起部分倒裝。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒裝句。也是說得要
把前面的句子中的助動詞或者是情態動詞放在主語的前面。如:
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不僅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接兩主語時,謂語動詞隨後面的主語人稱和數的變化 也就是就近原則 如:
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不僅莉莉而且你也喜歡貓。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不僅你而且莉莉喜歡貓。
常見的就近原則的結構有:
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (兩者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜歡他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (兩者中的一個)
Either Lily or you are a student.
Not only …but (also)…
There be
Unit 9 When was it invented ?
被動語態
被動語態基本用法:當句子的主語是動作的執行者時,謂語的形式是主動語態。當句子的主語是動作的承受者時,謂語要用被動語態。被動語態由助動詞be+過去分詞構成,時態通過be表現出來。
被動語態基本結構:be+及物動詞的過去分詞 (如果是不用物動詞,其過去分詞應帶有相應的介詞)
各種時態的被動語態構成
一般現在時:S(主語)+am/is /are +P.P(動詞的過去分詞)
一般過去時:S+was/were +P.P.
情態動詞:S+ can/may/must/should + be+ P.P.
一般將來時:S+ will+be+ P.P.
現在進行時:S+am/is /are+being +P.P
現在完成時:S+ have/has + been+ P.P.
過去進行時:S+ was/were+being+ P.P.
被動語態基本結構:be+及物動詞的過去分詞
(如果是不用物動詞,其過去分詞應帶有相應的介詞)
被動語態中的be 是助動詞,有人稱、數和時態的變化。
被動語態中動作的發出者或執行者做介詞by的賓語,放在句末,by 表示「由,被」的意思
漢語中含有「據說」、「據悉」、「有人說」、「大家說」等時。例如:
It is believed that …… 人們認為 …… It is said that …… 據說 ……
It is thought that …… 人們認為 …… It is known that …… 眾所周知 ……
It is reported that ……據報道 …… It is proved that ……據證明 ……
It is announced that ……據宣布 …… It is suggested that ……據建議 ……
It is requested that ……據要求 …… It is demanded that ……據要求 ……
典型例題
1、 These eggs ______ in the Gobi Desert by a group of scientists.
A. are founded B. were founded C. found D. were found
此題應該選用D項。從「 These eggs… 」中可知前面的主語是「find」動詞的承受者,而 「…by a group of scientists.」更加證明了這一點,「 were founded」意思為「被成立」,故應該選用「were found」。
2、 I _____ a present by my father on my birthday every year.
A. give B. was given C. will be given D. am given
此題應該選用D項。從「by my father 」中可知前面的主語是「give」動詞的承受者,而 「… . every year」證明了要用現在時態的被動語態結構,故應該選用「am given」。
3、 He was _________ in the open air just now .
A. hearing singing B. heard sing C. heard to sing D. hearing sing
此題應該選用C項。從「He was… 」中可知前面的主語是「hear 」動詞的承受者,而 動詞不定式當中的「hear sb do sth」在被動語態中要加「to 」,故應該選用「heard to sing」。
4、 Several man-made satellites ________ by China in the last few years.
A. have been sent up B. have sent up C. are sent up D. were sent up
此題應該選用A項。從「…by China in the last few years. 」中可知前面的主語是「 send up」動詞的承受者,而 「in the last few years.」意思為「在過去的幾年中」,應該用完成時態, 而不是過去時態,故應該選用「have been sent up」。
5、 Another new road ______in our home town next year.
A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. has been built
此題應該選用C項。從「…next year. 」中可知是將來時態,而前面的主語是「 Another new road」是「 build」動詞的承受者,故應該選用「 will be built」。
Unit 10 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left
1. 過去完成時
(1) 構成:由助動詞had + 過去分詞 構成
否定式:had not + 過去分詞 縮寫形式:hadn』t
(2) 用法
過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了
的動作。
(3) 它所表示的時間是「過去的過去」。
①表示過去某一時間可用by, before 等構成的短語來表示
②也可以用when, before, after 等引導的時間狀語從句來表示
③還可以通過賓語從句或通過上下文暗示。
When I got there, you had already eaten you meal.
當我到達那裡時,你已經開始吃了。
By the time he got here, the bus had left.
到他到達這里時,汽車已經離開了
典型題例
1、He said he had never seen that film before. Instead,he_____many novels.
A. has read B. had readed C. had wrote D. had read
此題應該選用D項。從「He said he had never seen that film before 」中
可知是過去完成時態,而從「 Instead,」中可以知道與前面的賓語從句是並列的內容,故應該選用「had read」。
2、The train ______ for a while when they got to the station.
A. had left B. had been away C. had gone D. has been away
此題應該選用B項。從「for a while 」中可知要用完成時態的持續性動
詞連接,而從「when they got to the station. 」中可以知道過去時間點以前的事情,應該用故應該選用「had been away 」。
3、A week later, I received a book that I _____ on line.
A. has ordered B. had ordered C. would order D. was ordering
此題應該選用B項。從「I received a book 」中可知與動詞「order 」的
前後關系,應該是在「收到書以前已經預訂了」,故應該用「order」的過去完成時態結構表示「過去的過去」這一概念。故應該選用「had ordered」。
4、The boy told his mother that he ____ ill since he came back from the school.
A. has been B. would be C. had been D. was
此題應該選用C項。從「 …since he came back from the school.」中可知前面的主句是完成時態,但是從「The boy told his mother 」結構中可以知道應該用相應的過去時態,,故應該選用「had been」。
5、When we got to the field, the football match ____ already ______.
A. has started B. had started C. will begin D. is going to start
此題應該選用B項。從「already 」中可知是完成時態,但是從「 When we got to the field」結構中可以知道應該用相應的過去時態,故應該選用「had started 」。
Unit 11 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are ?
1、賓語從句
A.賓語從句:賓語從句在復合句中作主句的賓語,引導賓語從句的關聯詞有that, if/whether, what, who, whose, which, why, when, where, how等。
1、連接詞
1)由連接詞that引導陳述句,在口語中that常省略。
eg. He said that he would like to see the headmaster.
2)由連接詞whether/if引導一般疑問句,whether和if 常可互換,但下列場合一般用whether.
①介詞後的賓語從句:I'm thinking of whether he'll come.
②與or not連用:I don't know whether I should go or not.
3)由連接代詞what, who(whom,whose)which或連接副詞when, where, why,how引導特殊疑問句。 eg. Do you know who/whom she is waiting for?
2、語序:
不管賓語從句是陳述句、一般疑問句或特殊疑問句,都要用陳述句語序,也就是說主謂次序不能顛倒。連接詞+主謂結構
(1).Bill wanted to know who did this. (2).I don't know what's the matter with Bob?
(3).I don't know what's wrong with them?
3、時態:
一般說來,主從句時態要統一。如果主句是一般現在時,從句可根據需要用其它任何時態;如果主句是一般過去時,從句應該用相應的過去時態范疇(也就是用一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時,過去完成時)。
eg.①Lily wanted to know whether her grandma liked the handbag. ②I asked the teacher where we would have the meeting. ③Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo?
如果從句表明的是一個客觀事實或真理,那麼無論主句是什麼時態,從句都只能用一般現在時。 eg. The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.
注意:在think後的賓語從句,如果需要表示否定意義,一般不在賓語從句中否定,而是在主句中否定。 eg. I don』t think that English is easy. I think that English is not easy. ( 誤)
Could you tell me how to get to the park?
請你告訴我怎麼才能去郵局好嗎?中的how to get to the park
是疑問詞與動詞不定式連用,用作賓語,但不是賓語從句,可是
相當於how I can get to the park(賓語從句)如:
I don』t know how to solve the problem. ==
I don』t know how I can solve the problem.我不知道如何解決這個問題
Can you tell me when to leave? ==
Can you tell me when I ill leave? 你能告訴我什麼時候離開?
Unit12 You are supposed to shake hands.
should have asked」是「情態動詞+現在完成時」表示過去本應該做某事,事實上沒有做
I find it difficult to remember everything.
形式賓語 真正賓語
常見的形式賓語有:
find / think + it/them +形容詞 to do sth. 如:
I think it hard to study English.
Unit 13 Rainy days make me sad.
make sb./sth. + adj. 使某人(感到),使……處於某種狀態
(make的賓語之後可跟名詞,形容詞,分詞來充當賓語的補足語)
make sb. / sth. + do …使某人做某事(不能帶不定式符號to)
make it 習慣用語,及時趕到,到達目的地
make of /from./out of
★Make of 原材料製成成品後,原材料未經任何化學變化,仍保持原有性質. 例如: The chair is made of wood. At first people believed that air was made of only one gas.★Make from 當原材料製成成品後,經過了化學變化,失去了原有性質.
make up of 常用於被動結構:be made up of相當於consist of(由…組成) make up from 由…所製造
Unit 14 Have you packed yet?
現在完成時是由「助動詞have(has)+動詞過去分詞」構成。
用法: 1.表示過去發生的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果,常與一些時間狀語,如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice等連用,也可以和包括現在在內的時間狀語,如these days, today, this year, so far等連用.eg.I have already posted the letter. (信已經不在我這兒了)
★注意:在這里要注意already和yet的辨析:
★①already通常用於肯定句。 I have already told him.我已經告訴他了. I have already put it in my suitcase. 我已經把它放進我的手提箱了.
★②yet常用於疑問句和否定句。 ----Have you watered the tree yet? 你澆樹了嗎? ----Yes,I have already watered it. 我澆了. ----Have you fed the dog? 你喂過狗了嗎? ----No. I haven』t fed it yet.沒有,我沒喂. 2.表示過去發生的動作或存在的狀態,一直持續到現在,也許還將繼續下去,可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續到現在的一段時間的狀語連用,即for +時間段,since+時間點/從句, in the last ten years等,謂語只可用延續性動詞.
解析: 1.英語動詞根據詞義可分為兩種,一種是延續性的,一種是終止性的,終止性動詞(也可稱為非延續性動詞,瞬間動詞,或點動詞),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示動作的發生與結束於一瞬間完成,不能再延續,所以它的現在完成時不能和表示延續的時間狀語連用,即不能與表示一段時間的狀語,for+時間段, since+時間點/從句連用,也不能用在how long引導的特殊疑問句中.
eg. I've left Shanghai for three days.(×) I've been away from Shanghai for three days.( √ ).
I left Shanghai three days ago. ( √ ) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( √ )
2.初中英語課本中常見終止性動詞有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.終止性動詞要表示持續時, 可用以下方法:
⑴.將時間狀語改為時間段 + ago,句中謂語動詞用一般過去時.
eg.我弟弟參軍兩年了. My brother joined the army two years ago.
⑵.若保留for+時間段,since+時間點/從句, 或用在 how long 句型中,則需將終止性動詞改為相應的狀態動詞或延續性動詞
★常見終止性動詞與延續性動詞(或狀態動詞)的對應關系如下:
come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at open-----be open
die------be dead close----be closed become---be borrow---keep begin/start-----be on put on----wear leave-----be away (from)
buy-----have fall asleep----be asleep end/finish-----be over
catch a cold-----have a cold join the army----be in the army be a soldier
join the Party----be in the Party be a Party member
→My brother has been in the army for two years. →My brother has been a soldier for two years.
3.現在完成時中been to, gone to和been in/at been to去過某地,表示某人的一種經歷,可以和once, twice, already, ever, never等連用.
4.現在完成時中的 for 與 since
for + 時間段 與延續性動詞的現在完成時連用 since + 時間點/從句
I have kept the library book for a week.= I have kept the library book since a week ago. 5. It is /has been +一段時間 + since 從句.自從某事發生已有一段時間了. eg. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 注意:1.since 引導的從句中動詞用過去時
2.when 引導 的特殊問句不與現在完成時連用.
3.have got,has got 雖然是現在完成時,但have got=have has got==has
⑻ 九年級英語第四單元語法聚焦翻譯
One morning before class, when I was running into the classroom, I knocked over the ink bottle on the teacher's desk, and the red ink spilt ① on the desk. I was sure I would be scolded by the teacher. Just at that moment the bell rang and I went to my seat.
「Stand up!」 our monitor said loudly. I stood up and my legs were trembling.
「Who knocked over the ink bottle?」 Miss Ye, the teacher, asked. I kept silent. Many eyes were fixed upon me. Miss Ye walked to me and asked in a low voice,「Did you do it?」
「No, no, I didn't, 」 I said hurriedly②. My face turned red at once. I didn't know why I had told a lie.
「OK, I believe you.」 She patted me on the head and then began teaching.
I felt very sorry. I knew I was wrong. So I went to see Miss Ye in the afternoon.
「I'm sorry, Miss Ye,」 I said. 「This morning I told a lie.」
「I saw the whole thing through the window when I was outside the classroom, 」she said. 「But I didn't scold you. I knew you would come to tell me the truth because I believe you are an honest girl.」
I dropped my head without saying a word.
「I'm happy that you have come,」 she continued. 「You haven't made me disappointed.」
When I heard these words, tears filled my eyes.
課前的一個早晨,當我沖進教室的時候,我打翻了墨水瓶放在老師的書桌上,和紅墨水灑在桌子上。我確信我會被老師罵。就在這時,門鈴響了,我去我的座位。
「站起來!「我們的班長大聲說。我站起來,我的腿在顫抖。
「是誰打翻了墨水瓶?「葉老師問。我保持沉默。許多眼睛盯著我。葉小姐向我走來,低聲問,「你做了嗎?「
「不,不,我沒有,」我連忙說。我的臉變紅了。我不知道我為什麼要撒謊。
「好吧,我相信你。」她拍拍我的頭,然後開始教學。
我感到很抱歉。我知道我錯了。所以我去看葉小姐在下午。
「對不起,葉小姐,」我說。「今天早上我撒謊了。」
「我看到了整個事情的經過的時候,我在教室外面,」她說。「但我沒有罵你。我知道你會來告訴我真相,因為我相信你是個誠實的女孩。」
我把我的頭一句話不說。
「我很高興你來了,」她繼續說。「你沒有讓我失望。」
當我聽到這些話時,我的眼睛充滿淚水。