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英語六年級下冊的語法知識

發布時間:2021-02-04 19:38:00

1. 一之六年級所有英語的語法知識

把你英語教學大綱拿出來看需要掌握哪些語法點,再對照著一個一個過~~可以在網上搜or自己買本語法書勾畫

2. 人教版六年級下冊英語語法知識點

http://wenku..com/view/415a52e79b89680203d825c6.html

3. 六年級下冊英語語法點(新加坡)

話題語
與漢語、日語相似,新加坡英語非常重視話題語。所謂話題語,就是句子中的已知部分,同時定義句子的意義范疇。漢語和新加坡英語都趨向於把話題語放在句首,如以下例句中加重部份就是話題語:

This country weather very hot, one. — 這個國家天氣很熱。(話題語為地點)
Yesterday got so many people! — 昨天人真多!(話題語為時間)
Play soccer he very good. — 踢足球他拿手。(話題語為范圍)
That person there cannot trust. — 那邊那個人信不過。(話題語為賓語)
以上的話題語雖然在句子中的角色不同,句型卻完全相同。在英美英語中,話題語就沒有這種特殊地位,使用的句型也不一樣:

In this country, the weather is very hot. — 在這個國家,天氣很熱。(加介詞)
Yesterday, there were so many people! — 昨天,人真多!(加停頓)
As for playing soccer, he's very good. — 在踢足球方面,他拿手。(為現在分詞,並加介詞)
That person there cannot be trusted. — 那邊那個人不能被信過。(賓語做主語,需使用被動語態)
和漢語一樣,新加坡英語的話題語可以省略,而英美英語則不行:

Not good one lah. — (這個)不好的啦。
Cannot liddat go one lah. — (你)不能這么去的啦。
How come never show up? — (他)怎麼沒來?
I like badminton, dat's why go play every weekend. — 我喜歡羽毛球,所以(我)每個周末都去打。
He not feeling well, so decide to stay home and sleep. — 他覺得不舒服,所以(他)決定呆在家裡睡覺。
[編輯]
名詞
受漢語影響,名詞不需要加復數後綴,也不需要加冠詞:

He can play piano. — 他會彈鋼琴。
I like to read storybook. — 我喜歡看故事書。
Your computer got virus one, is it? — 你的電腦是不是有病毒?
句子中有其他表示復數的形容詞(如several、both等)時,一般上會加復數後綴:

He got several apples. — 他有好幾個蘋果。
[編輯]
動詞「To be」
新加坡英語副詞 very、so、not等代替to be、not to be的用法,與漢語用法相仿:

This house very nice. — 這個房子很好看。
You so stupid! – 你真笨!
That car not worth the money. — 那輛車不值。
-ing 可以獨立作進行體,不需加to be,相當於漢語「在」、「正在」:

How come so late in the night you still playing music, ar? — 怎麼這么晚了你還在放音樂啊?
You looking for trouble, is it? — 你是不是在找岔兒啊?
其他省略to be的用法,如直接加介詞:

His house in Ang Mo Kio. — 他家在宏茂橋。
一般來說,to be在名詞、人稱代詞後省略(I、he、she除外),在從句或指事代詞(this、that)後保留。

[編輯]
過去時
不規則動詞、以t、d結尾的動詞,一般都加過去時:

I went to Orchard Road yesterday. — 昨天我去了烏節路。
He accepted in the end. — 他最後還是接受了。
其他輔音結尾的規則動詞,一般不加過去時:

He talk for so long, even I ask him stop also never stop. — 他講了那麼久,連我叫他停,都不停。
若動詞所表示的動作有持續性,一般不加過去時:

When I was young, ar, I go to school every day. — 我小的時候啊,每天都上學。
When he was in school, he always get good marks one. — 他上學的時候,成績一直都不錯。
Last night I mug so much, so sian already. — 昨天晚上我復習了那麼半天,都快煩死了。
新加坡英語可以用助詞already或liao(後者讀低調,相當與閩南語中「料」,即「用盡」之意) 以表示狀態的改變,但是不能表示持續或重復的狀態,和漢語的句尾助詞「了」和「過」基本一樣:

He throw it liao. — 他扔掉了。
Aiyah, cannot wait any more, must go oreddy. — 哎呀,不能再等了,得走了!
I eat liao. — 我吃過了。
Yesterday, dey go there oreddy. — 昨天他們已經去過了。
This new game, you play liao or not? — 這個新游戲你玩過了沒有?
Ah Song kena sai oreddy, then how? — 阿松惹麻煩了,怎麼辦?
[編輯]
否定句
否定句和英美英語一致,即在助動詞後加not,在其他動詞前加don't(或其他形式)。

但由於復韻尾的部分脫落,don't中的/t/一般不發音,/n/甚至在造成韻腹/o/鼻化之後也跟著脫落,最後/o/的鼻化成為否定句的標志:

I do (/dõ/) want. — 我不要。(沒聽清楚鼻化/o/的話,就容易聽成:「我當然要!」)
同樣因為韻尾/t/的脫落,can(會、能)的肯定和否定形式之間的區別完全在母音上:

I can /kɛn/ do this lah. — 我會做啦。
I can't /kɑn/ do this lah. — 我不會做啦。
Never在英美英語中是「永不」的意思,但在新加坡英語中有一個特別的用法,和漢語中的「沒」(即完成體否定式)相同:

How come today you never hand in homework? — 怎麼今天你沒交作業?
How come he never pay? — 怎麼他沒付錢?
[編輯]
疑問句
除了英美英語中倒轉主語和動詞的疑問句形式以外,新加坡英語還有兩個和漢語相似的疑問句句型:

Or not相當於漢語動詞的「X不X」疑問句形式,但必須加在句尾,而且不能用於否定句:

This book you want or not? — 這本書你要不要?
Can or not? — 行不行?
You want watch movie or not? — 你想不想看電影?
「Is it?」(是嗎?)和英美英語不同,可以加在任何句子之後以表示疑問,和句子中的動詞無關,主要表示說話者已經認為答案是肯定的,只是想確認而已:

They never study, is it? — 他們不學習是嗎?(怪不得不及格)
You don't like that, is it? — 你不喜歡是嗎?(怪不得你做鬼臉)
Alamak, you guys never read newspaper is it? — 我的媽呀,你們從來不看報的是嗎?(怪不得這么孤陋寡聞!)
除此以外,新加坡英語有許多可以表示或加強疑問的語氣助詞,如hah、hor、meh、ar等,在「助詞」一節中另有詳述。

[編輯]
重復式
另一個和漢語和馬來語都極其相似的用法就是動詞的重復式。新加坡英語主要重復動詞,且用法和普通話不太一樣。新加坡英語中,動詞重復兩遍表示的是短時間的嘗試,三遍則表示長時間的重復:

You go tink tink a little bit, maybe den you will get answer. — 你去想想看,可能就會得出答案來的。
So what I do was, I sit down and I tink tink tink, until I get answer lor. — 我當時呢,就坐下來想了想,最後就得出答案了咯。
名詞也可以重復以表示親密,重復的名詞必須指人,必須是單音節,這一點和漢語一樣:

My boy-boy is going to Primary One already. — 我的兒子(仔仔)都上一年級了。
單音節或者雙音節的形容詞也可以重復,以表示程度的加深,這一點和漢語也頗雷同:

You go take the small-small one. — 你去拿小小的那個。
[編輯]
Kena
Kena是新加坡英語獨有的被動語態助詞,可以用來取代英語英語中以to be或to get所構成的被動語態。Kena只能用來表示對主語有傷害的動作:

He was scolded. = He got scolded. = He kena scolded. = He kena scold. — 他被罵了。
但不能說:

*He kena praised. — 他被表揚了。
[編輯]
One
One作助詞時,和英美英語中的one(一)相差甚遠。新加坡英語的one相當於南方漢語中語氣助詞「的」(即粵語的「嘅」、閩南語的「e」等),一般表示事態的長時間延續,並加以強調。這里的「的」,發音較強,和普通話中「的」的用法不太一樣:

Walau! So stupid one! — 哇!好笨的!
I do everything by habit one. — 我做事都是照習慣的。
He never go to school one. — 他從來不上學的。
[編輯]
提頓助詞和語氣助詞
新加坡英語中的提頓助詞和語氣助詞在英美英語中基本上沒有相似的詞類,和漢語中的同類詞彙卻非常相似,其中的許多助詞更是直接借自閩南話或粵語。

新加坡英語中的提頓助詞和語氣助詞的聲調非常固定,不能改動,這一點也和漢語相似:

Lah 高平調或低降調
Lah 作助詞及其常見,基本上可以加在任何句子的末尾(疑問句除外)。Lah不但有強調的作用,還能增加說話人和聽話人之間的親近感。「lah」在馬來語中就用於祈使句(如「喝水」在馬來語中是minuman,但當要求別人「喝水!」時,就成了「minumlah」)。在新加坡英語中,lah也有這個用法:

Drink, lah! — 喝吧!(粵語:飲啦!)
Lah也可用來表示安慰的語氣:

Dun worry, he can one lah. — 別擔心,他能行的。
It's okay lah. — 沒事了。
但Lah也用於不耐煩的,帶反面色彩的答復,如:

Dun have, lah! — 沒有!(粵語:冇啫!)
You n know one, lah! — 我看你根本不知道!(粵語:你唔知啫!)
What
低平調
用來表示提醒或反駁的語氣,通常表示所在的句子為另外一個結論的條件。和英美英語中的what(什麼)無關,沒有任何疑問的含義:

But he very good at sports what, that's why can play soccer so well. — 他體育不錯呀,所以球踢得這么好。
You never give me what! — 可是你沒給我呀!(不然我不就收到了嗎?)
Mah
高平調
用來表示一句話的內容很明顯,和漢語「嘛」相似。過多使用會有不尊敬的含義:

But he very good at sports, that's why can play soccer mah! — 他體育不錯,所以球踢得這么好嘛!
Lor
高平調
相當於漢語「羅」,用來強調表示某個事態,同時還帶有「事當如此,不可改變」的口氣:

If you don't do the work, then you die-die lor! — 你不做工作,那就死定羅!(口氣略帶調皮)
Leh
高平調
相當於閩南語「咧」,用於軟化祈使句、疑問句中過硬的口氣:

Give me leh! 給我啊!
How come you don't give me leh? — 你怎麼不給我啊?(閩南語:為甚麼不愛與我咧?)
The tix are seriously ex leh. — 票實在很貴啊。
Hor
升調,鼻化
相當於閩南語「乎」,作提頓助詞:

Then hor, another person came out of the house. — 然後呢,還有一個人也從房裡出來了。

作語氣助詞,有向對方徵求同意的含義:

This shopping center also very nice hor. — 這家購物中心也挺好的是吧。(閩南語:這間購物中心亦真好乎?)
Ar
升調
相當與閩南語「矣」,可作提頓助詞,一般不能和有褒義的句子結合:

This boy ar, always so naughty one! — 這個男孩啊,老是這么調皮!
也可作語氣助詞,加重疑問句的語氣:

How come like that one, ar? — 怎麼這樣啊?(閩南語:為甚麼安呢矣?)
Hah
升調
表示疑問或者懷疑:

Har! He really pon class yesterday ar? - 啊?昨天他真的翹課了啊?
Har? How come like that one? End up kena caning! - 啊?他怎麼會這樣,結果被鞭?
Meh
高平調
相當於粵語中的「咩」,近似於普通話中的「難道」,用來表示帶驚訝語氣的疑問:

They never study meh? — 難道他們不學習嗎?(粵語:佢地唔學野咩?)
You don't like that meh? — 難道你不喜歡嗎?(粵語:你唔鍾意咩?)
[編輯]
其他
Got即漢語的「有」,相當於英美英語中的兩套短語:一套為have/has和(have/has) got,指擁有,另一套為there is/are,指存在。新加坡英語和漢語一樣,不加區分:

Here got people or not? — 這兒有人嗎?(英美:Are there people here?)
Got anything else? — 有別的嗎?(英美:Is there anything else?)
Can即漢語的「行」、「可以」,並和漢語一樣,可以單獨成句。(英美英語中,can只能做助動詞):

Go home lah, can? — 回家吧,行嗎?
Can! — 行!
Cannot! — 不行!
Liddat (Like that)直譯為「那樣」,新加坡英語常常直接將其用於句尾,以加強描述的鮮明度:

He so stupid liddat. — 他真是挺笨的。
He acting like a little kid liddat. — 他表現得真像個小孩子。
Like that不一定當助詞用,英美英語中like that意為「那樣」,新加坡英語中也可以這么用:

Why he liddat? — 他怎麼那樣兒?
Simple liddat. — 就象那樣(簡單)。
英美英語中,「也」的意義用also表示時必須放在句中,用too時必須放在句末。新加坡英語中also(發成oso)可以放在句中或句末:

I oso like dis one. (英美:I also like this one.)
I like dis one oso. (英美:I like this one too.) — 我也喜歡這個。
間接問句中,英美英語把動詞放在主語之後,有別於直接問句,而新加坡英語則把動詞放在主語之前,和直接問句一致:

「Excuse me, do you know where is the shopping centre?」(對不起,請問你知道哪裡是購物中心嗎?)在英美英語中是「Excuse me, do you know where the shopping centre is?」

4. 小學六年級英語下冊語法、句型

pep8六年級英語下冊重點句型 單詞 Unit 1

1、 How do you go to school? Sometimes I go by bike.

2、 How can I get to the zoo? You can go by subway.

3、 How can I get to the nature park? You can go by the No. 12 bus.

4、 How do you go to Canada? I go by bike.

5、 How do you go to the USA? I go by plane.

6、 My home is near. Usually I go to school by bike, because it's fast.

7、 Usually I go on foot. Because it is a good exercise.

8、 Which floor do you live? I live on the 2nd floor.

9、 Which bus can I take? ( Which bus can I go by?)

10、 How does Zhang Peng go to work? He goes by bus.

11、 How does Zhang Peng go to work? They go by school bus.

12、 Where is Zhang Peng's home? His home is near the post office.

13、 Where is Sarah's home? Her home is far.

14、 Look at the traffic lights. Remember the traffic rules.

15、 Stop at a red light. Wait at a yellow light. Go at a green light.

16、 Can I go on foot? Sure, if you like. It's not far.

17、 The traffic lights are the same in every county, but the traffic rules are different.

18、 Red means"Stop". Yellow means"Wait", and green means"Go".

19、 In China, drives drive on the right side of the road. In the US, drivers drive on the right side, too. In England and Australia, however, drivers drive on the left side of the road. If you go by car, by bike or on foot, you must know the traffic rules.

Unit 2

1、 There is a hospital in the middle. The post office is near the hospital on the right. The bookstore is on the left.

2、 Where is the supermarket? Go straight ahead.

3、 First, go straight. Next, turn left at the post office. Then , turn left at the school.

4、 Where's the museum? It's in front of the shoestore.

5、 Is the zoom far from here? No, it is not far.

6、 Thank you. You are welcome.

7、 What are you going to do after school? I want to buy a pair of shoes.

8、 Walk straight for three minutes.

9、 Get on the No. 301 bus. Get off at the cinema.

10、 Go next to the shoe store.

11、 Today is my birthday. Thank you all for coming.

12、 Happy birthday to you! Thank you.

13、 Let me tell you how to come. Start from the bus stop in front of our school.Find the white building on the left.Look for me near the door.

14、 First, walk south for three minutes. Then, take the No.1 bus at the cinema.

Unit 3

1、 What are you going to do this weekend? I'm going to visit my grandparents.

2、 I'm going outside to play.

3、 Where are you going tomorrow? I am going to the bookstore.

4、 I am going to the Great Wall. What are you going to do this afternoon? I'm going to buy a book.

5、 What are we going to do on Saturday morning? We are going to go shopping.

6、 What are they going to do this evening? They are going to the cinema.

7、 I am going to buy an English book in the bookstore.

8、 When are you going? I am going at 3 o'clock.

9、 I'm going to buy a magazine about plants.

10、 I want to be a science teacher one day!

11、 What does Sarah want to be in the future? She wants to be a science teacher one day!

12、 What is Amy going to do on the weekend? She is going to visit her friend.

13、 What are they going to do next week? They are going to the Great Wall.

Unit 4

1、 What does he like to do? He likes diving.

2、 What is his hobby? His hobby is painting.

3、 Does he live in the country? No, he doesn't. He lives in the city.

4、 Can I go with you? Sure.

5、 We look the same, but we don't like the same things.

6、 I live in China with my mom and dad. I don't have a sister or brother.

7、 What is her father's hobby? He likes riding a bike.

8、 Does she teach English? No, she doesn't. She teaches math. Does she teach you math? Yes, she does.

9、 Alice and her sister are twins. They look the same, but they are very different.

10、 Her sister Ann watches cartoons on TV. Alice usually plays at the park on Saturday.

Unit 5

1、 What does she do? She is a teacher.

2、 I teach lessons. I am a teacher.

3、 I clean streets. I am a cleaner.

4、 I sing songs. I am a singer.

5、 I dance. I am a dancer.

6、 I drive cars. I am a driver.

7、 I write stories. I am a writer.

8、 They work hard every day for us.

9、 He works in an air-conditioner company.

10、 What does your father do? He's an actor.

11、 What are you going to be ? I am going to be a dancer.

12、 What is Amy going to be one day? She is going to be a doctor.

13、 What is your brother going to be one day? He is going to be a writer.

14、 Who's he? He is my uncle. Who's she ? She is my aunt.

15、 He is a writer. He writes the TV show for my aunt.

16、 Sometimes my aunt works here in Beijing, but sometimes she works in Hong Kong.

17、 Who is the man? Who is the woman?

18、 She sells things. She is a salesperson.

19、 She helps sick people. She is a doctor.

20、 He teaches lessons. He is a teacher.

21、 She draws pictures. She is an artist.

22、 She cleans streets. She is a cleaner.

23、 Where does she go to work? She works in a car company.

24、 How does your father go to work? He goes by bus.

25、 She designs cars. If you like drawing and math, you can be an engineer.

26、 He likes working with numbers. He is an accountant.

27、 She is a policewoman. She often helps tourists find their way. If you enjoy helping people, you can work for the police.

Unit 6

1、 How do we save water? First, do not waste water.

2、 What should we do then? Use less water.

3、 What can you see in the picture? I can see a nature park.

4、 Where does the rain come from? It comes from the clouds.

5、 Where does the cloud come from? It comes from the vapour.

6、 Where does the vapour come from? It comes from the water in the river.

7、 How can the water become vapour? The sun shines, and the water becomes vapour.

8、 Little Water Drop sleeps in the river. He wakes up. He feels very hot. It may be cooler up in the sky, he thinks. He goes up. He meets Mr Wind.

9、 Where are you going? I am going to the sky.

10、 Little Water Drop goes higher and higher. He meets many other little water drops. They go up together and become a cloud. Little Water Drop becomes very heavy.

11、 Little Water Drop and some of his friends fall down into a lake. The sun comes out. Little Water Drop feels warm again. He sees Mr Wind.

12、 Can you help me go up to the sky again? Sure.

13、 First, put the seeds in the soil. Put it under the sun. Add water often. Next you wait for the sprout. Then you wait for the flower to grow.

14、 Let me tell you how to plant a tree. First, dig the soil. Then put the plant in the soil. Water it. In several days, you can see a big plant.

15、 How do you plant a flower? How do you plant a tree?

16、 What should you do then?

17、 I put some seeds into a pot. I put in some water too. Now it's in the sun.

18、 I am so excited. I can see the sprout. It is so lovely.

19、 My plant has two green leaves. I water it every day and make sure it gets lots of sun.

20、 My plant is one month old. It's tall and strong, but still it has no flowers. Oh, come on! I can hardly wait

21、 What needs water? Fish tree ….

22、 It is smaller than a river. (stream)

23、 It is made from water vapour (cloud)

24、 It falls from the clouds. (rain)

25、 He helps people be safe. (policeman)

26、 It warms our plant. (sun)

27、 This person works in a store. (salesperson)

28、 This person reports the news. (reporter)

29、 This person keeps the streets clean. (cleaner)

單詞 Name________

1 .by plane by ship by bus by bike by train by subway on foot usually sometimes which floor Light traffic lights traffic rules stop wait go how stop at a red light wait at a yellow light go at a green light drive driver England China Australia however on the right on the left get to must always go to school if mean same country

2. where post office hospital cinema bookstore science museum library park zoo next to excuse me far north south west east turn left turn right go straight birthday please bank take look for supermarket shoe store get off party minute

3. tomorrow tonight this morning this afternoon this evening next week take a trip read a magazine go to the cinema on the weekend post card newspaper comic book dictionary what where when this evening tomorrow morning need theme park the great wall busy together fruit stand pet shop plant else shop

4. hobby dive diving ride riding a bike make makimg kites collecting stamps playing the violin like live goes to work by bus watches at night reads newspapers every day teaches English does does not TV reporter pen pal dear different week excited

Say soon something show twin

5. singer writer actor actress artist engineer accountant policeman salesperson cleaner work tip factory design money tourist way motor cycle police

6. rain cloud vapour sun stream come from shine become little drop wake up feel think meet high other fall down into come out again seed soil sprout plant should then garden easy put several day see pot lovely make sure get month old still come on hardly first second third forth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth twelfth twentieth

5. 人教pep版英語六年級下冊第一單元語法知識

how tall/have be 人稱

6. 湖南六年級英語中的語法知識

一、詞類:動詞、名詞和形容詞不太容易區分,如不能一眼看出,可用如下方法:先用「一(量詞)」(如:一個、一張等)和這個詞連起來說,如說得通,一般認為是名詞;說不通再用「很」去判斷,就是把「很」和為個詞連起來說,說得通一般就是形容詞;都說不通就是動詞。(目前我們學過的,以後可能不同)(另外一些很明顯的,如人稱代詞、數詞、情態動詞等一下就可以知道)1、 動詞這里所說的動詞是指各種動詞總稱,其中包括行為動詞(就是我們平時總說的那種動詞)、be動詞、情態動詞。(1)行為動詞就是我們平時上課時說的動詞,表示某一動作或行為。如:sweep、live等。行為動詞我們已學過它們的四種形式:原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,具體判斷方法如下: ↗有,就加ing讀句子→讀該單詞→認識該單詞→理解意思→看有無be動詞(若是be going to 就用原形)↘沒有,再看情態動詞↗有,就用原形↗有,就加ed↘沒有,再看有無表示過去的時間狀語 ↗是第三人稱單數就加s或es ↘沒有,再看主語 ↘不是第三人稱單數就用原形(2)be動詞a、Am--was Is --was Are--were 口訣:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,所有復數全用are。b、肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. c、 一般疑問句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren』t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren』t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn』t. 我們現在學過的be動詞大致分兩類:is、am、are為一類,一般用於一般現在時、現在進行時和一般將來時中,was和were為另一類,一般用於一般過去時。判斷步驟: ↗第一、三人稱單數,就用was↗有,再看人稱↘第二人稱單數和所有復數,就用were看有無表示過去的時間狀語 ↗第一人稱單數,就用am↘沒有,再看人稱→第三人稱單數,就有is↘第二人稱單數和所有復數,就用are(3)情態動詞情態動詞也是一類特殊的動詞,平時我們不把它說成是動詞。情態動詞可以和行為動詞同時出現在同一個句子中。我們現在學過的情態動詞有:can、must、should、would、may。接觸最多的是can。情態動詞後動詞總是用原形。(不受其他任何條件影響)2、 名詞表示某一事物,有具體的和抽象的之分。判斷的關鍵詞往往是be動詞,be動詞如果是am、is或was,名詞就用原形;be動詞如果是are或were,名詞就加s或es。這里強調兩點:不可數名詞都默認為單數,所以總是用is或者was;最好不要根據some、any、a lot of等詞去作判斷,以免受誤導。如何加後綴:a.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds b.以s. x. sh. ch結尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches c.以「輔音字母+y」結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries d.以「f或fe」結尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives e.不規則名詞復數: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 判斷步驟: ↗如是am、is或was→原形讀句子→讀該單詞→認識該單詞→理解意思→看be動詞 ↘如是are或were→加s或es3、 形容詞(包括副詞)形容詞表示某一事物或的特徵,副詞表示某一動作的特徵。形容詞和副詞只有兩種形式:原形和+er。未作比較的情況下就用原形,比較時就+er。兩個重要特徵:as……as中間一定用原形,有than的時候一定+er。4、 人稱代詞和物主代詞 人稱代詞物主代詞單數復數單數復數主格賓格主格賓格形容詞性(短)名詞性(長)形容詞性(短)名詞性(長)第一人稱Imeweusmymineourours第二人稱第三人稱人稱代詞:有主格和賓格之分。一般動詞前用主格,動詞後用賓格。物主代詞:有兩類:形容詞性物主代詞(短的)和名詞性物主代詞(長的)一般看後面有沒有名詞,如有,就用形容詞性物主代詞(短的);如無,就用名詞性物主代詞(長的)。5、 數量詞我們學過兩類:基數詞和序數詞。基數用於表示數量多少,而基數詞用於表示次序,常在日期中出現。6、冠詞有a、an、the。a和an有具體的意思,一(個…),the沒有具體意思,有時翻譯為這、那。確定用a、an還是the時可根據漢語意思。a和an的區別:an用於母音音素(一般就是母音字母aeiou)前,a用於輔音音素前。二、否定句:表示某一否定意思。句中一定有not。有三種可能:be動詞(am、is、are、was、were)+not、情態動詞(can、must、should)+ not、助動詞(do、does、did) + not如何將一個肯定的陳述句改為否定句:1、看句中有無be動詞,如有,直接在be動詞後+ not。2、看句中有無情態動詞,如有,直接在情態動詞後+ not。3、如上述二者都沒有,就應用助動詞+ not。分四個步驟:(1)肯定陳述句中本來是沒有助動詞的,要加上去,位置在主語(某人/某物)後,動詞前。(2)確定助動詞用do、does還是did,根據句中動詞,動詞是原形的助動詞就用do,動詞是第三人稱單數的助動詞就用does,動詞用過去式的助動詞就有did。(3)在助動詞後加not。(4)原句中動詞假如發生變化就要恢復成原形。強調一點,有some的要考慮是否要用any。三、一般疑問句。表示疑問,一般回答只有兩種可能Yes,……或No,……句中沒有疑問詞。如何將一個肯定的陳述句改為否定句:1、看句中有無be動詞,如有,把be動詞提到句首即可。2、看句中有無情態動詞,如有,把情態動詞提到句首即可。3、如上述二者都沒有,就應把助動提到句首。分四個步驟:(1)肯定陳述句中本來是沒有助動詞的,要加上去,位置在主語(某人/某物)後,動詞前。(2)確定助動詞用do、does還是did,根據句中動詞,動詞是原形的助動詞就用do,動詞是第三人稱單數的助動詞就用does,動詞用過去式的助動詞就有did。(3)把助動詞後提到句首。(4)原句中動詞假如發生變化就要恢復成原形。強調一點,有some的要考慮是否要用any。四、特殊疑問句。表示疑問,有疑問詞(在開頭),回答有很多種可能。常用疑問詞:What、When、Which、Who、Whose、Why、How如何對劃線部分提問:1、將原問句翻譯為漢語(在讀中要將劃線部分重讀)。如:His birthday is on the 5th of May . 他的生日在五月五日。2、用漢語進行提問。如上句,應該問:他的生日在什麼時候?3、根據漢語將所要提問的句子補充完整。如上句When is his birthday ?五、祈使句表示請求或命令別人做某事或不要做某事。肯定祈使句一定是以動詞原形開頭(有時有please),否定的祈使句一定是don』t加動詞原形開頭(有時有please)。把祈使句改為否定句只需在動詞前加don』t即可。六、時態1、一般現在時(1)句中be動詞和動詞一般情況下只能有一種而且也必須有一種。如:The children are very happy on Christmas Day .She often does some housework at the weekend .(2)一般現在時中的be動詞:一般用原形:am is are am用於第一人稱單數(I);is用於第三人稱單數(he she it和其他人名或稱謂,如:Ben his sister等);are用於第二人稱單數(you)和所有復數(包括第一人稱復數we、第二人稱復數you;第三人稱復數they和其他復數,如the children 、 his parents等)。(3)一般過去時中的動詞:有兩種情況:第一種情況:主語是第三人稱單數(he she it 和其他,如Helen 、her cousin 等),動詞後一般加s或es。第二種情況:主語不是第三人稱單數,動詞都用原形。(4)一般現在時判斷依據(如何判斷一個句子是一般現在時):△be動詞是am、is、are△動詞用原形或加s、es△沒有時間狀語或有usually、often、everyday、sometimes等不是具體的時間(5)有用的的依據:Be動詞是is、am ←→ 名詞用原形(這里包括可數名詞的單數和不可數名詞)Be動詞是are ←→ 名詞加s或es動詞加s或es ←→ 主語是第三人稱單數動詞用原形 ←→ 主語不是第三人稱單數(6)情態動詞:我們現在學過的情態動詞有:can、must、should、would。情態動詞後動詞總是用原形。(不受其他任何條件影響)2、一般過去時(1)句中be動詞和動詞一般情況下只能有一種而且也必須有一種。如:The girls were on the grass just now .They visited my parents last weekend .(2)一般過去時中的be動詞:一般用過去式:was were was用於第一人稱單數(I)和第三人稱單數(he she it和其他人名或稱謂,如:Ben 、 his sister等);were用於第二人稱單數(you)和所有復數(包括第一人稱復數we、第二人稱復數you;第三人稱復數they和其他復數,如the children 、 his parents等)。(3)一般過去時中的動詞:一般只有一種情況:+ed這里強調一點,和一般現在時不同的是這里不管主語是第幾人稱,也不管是單數和復數都加ed。(4)一般過去時判斷依據(如何判斷一個句子是一般過去時):△be動詞是was、were△動詞加ed△有表示過去的時間狀語現在學過的常用的表示過去的時間狀語有:just now , a moment , yesterday , last week , last night, last weekend , last year , last month , three days ago , two weeks ago , five years ago(5)有用的的依據:Be動詞是was或were 該句是一般過去時動詞加ed 有表示過去的時間狀語3、一般將來時(1)構成形式:Be going to +動詞原形。這里強調一點,be動詞、going、to以及動詞原形共四個單詞缺少其中任何一種都不可以構成一般將來時。(2)一般將來時表示動作即將發生或某人打算做某事。(3)有用的依據:一個句子中既有be動詞,又有going、to和動詞,且動詞用的是原形←→ 該句是現在進行時(4)句中往往有tomorrow、soon、next week等詞。4、現在進行時(1)構成形式:Be動詞+動詞的ing形式這里強調一點,兩者缺少其中任何一種都不可以構成現在進行時。(2)現在進行時表示動作正在進行或事情正在發生。(3)有用的依據:一個句子中既有be動詞,又有動詞,且動詞加了ing ←→ 該句是現在進行時(4)句中往往有now、look、listen等詞。七、Have、Has和There be結構1、There be結構包括there is there are there was there were2、意思都是「有」。3、和have、has、had的區別:(1)There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人) (2)在there be 句型中,主語是單數,be 動詞用is ; 主語是復數,be 動詞用are ; 如有幾件物品,be 動詞根據最近be 動詞的那個名詞決定。 (3)there be 句型的否定句在be 動詞後加not , 一般疑問句把be 動詞調到句首。 (4)there be句型與have(has) 的區別:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。 (5)some 和any 在there be 句型中的運用:some 用於肯定句,any 用於否定句或疑問句。 (6)and 和or 在there be句型中的運用:and 用於肯定句, or 用於否定句或疑問句。(7)針對數量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結構是: How many + 名詞復數 + are there + 介詞短語? How much + 不可數名詞 + is there + 介詞短語? (8)針對主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結構是: What』s + 介詞短語? (9)There be結構一般用在句子的開頭,而have等詞只能用於某一個主語後面。

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