① 初三英語語法有哪些
你指的是只初三，還是初中三年的。
沒想語法，要講清楚，都不易，只初三的也不容易了。
② 求50個初三英語易錯的單詞帶翻譯
50個初中英語易混易錯詞彙總結
1. clothes, cloth, clothing
clothes統指各種衣服，謂語動詞永遠是復數， cloth指布，為不可數名詞 clothing服裝的總稱，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of
2. incident, accident
incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident.
3. amount, number
amount後接不可數名詞， number後接可數名詞 a number of students
4. family, house, home
home家，包括住處和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成員. My family is a happy one.
5. sound, voice, noise
sound自然界各種各樣的聲音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.
6. photo, picture, drawing
photo用照相機拍攝的照片，picture可指相片，圖片，電影片，drawing畫的畫 Let's go and see a good picture.
7. vocabulary, word
vocabulary詞彙，一個人擁有的單詞量，word具體的單詞He has a large vocabulary.
8. population, people
population人口，人數，people具體的人 China has a large population.
9. weather, climate
weather一天內具體的天氣狀況，climate長期的氣候狀況 The climate here is not good for you.
10. road, street, path, way
road具體的公路，馬路，street街道，path小路，小徑，way道路，途徑
take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.
11. course, subject
course課程（可包括多門科目），subject科目（具體的學科）a summer course
12. custom, habit
custom傳統風俗，習俗，也可指生活習慣，後接to do， habit生活習慣，習慣成自然，後接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot.
13. cause, reason
cause指造成某一事實或現象的直接原因，後接of sth./doing sth，reason用來解釋某種現象或結果的理由，後接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late
14. exercise, exercises, practice
exercise運動，鍛煉（不可數），exercises練習（可數），practice（反復做的）練習 Practice makes perfect.
15. class, lesson
作"課"解時,兩者可以替換.指課文用lesson.指班級或全體學生用class. lesson 6; class 5
16. speech, talk, lecture
speech指在公共場所所做的經過准備的較正式的演說，talk日常生活中的一般的談話，講話，lecture學術性的演講，講課 a series of lecture on…
③ 初三英語語法要點有哪些請詳細點，謝謝！
展開全部
第1章
名詞
中考預測
真題解析
語法脈絡
考點精講
考點1
可數名詞的單數如何考查?
考點2
可數名詞復數要注意哪些用法?
考點3
運用不可數名詞要注意什麼?
考點4
名詞前如何加數量詞?
考點5
名詞所有格有哪些特別用法?
考點6
名詞充當不同的句子成分時要注意什麼?
考點7
易混名詞辨析
考點專練
提高練習
綜合測試
第2章
代詞
中考預測
真題解析
語法脈絡
考點精講
考點1
如何判斷人稱代詞的「格」與「性別」?
考點2
多個人稱代詞並列使用時,如何排列順序?
考點3
代詞it有哪些特殊用法?
考點4
如何區分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞?
考點5
反身代詞有哪些固定片語?
考點6
指示代詞有哪些特殊用法?
考點7
such和the
same如何用作指示代詞?
考點8
如何區分wh0,whom,whose以及what和which?
考點9
區分幾組不定代詞
考點10
怎樣運用復合不定代詞?
考點11
如何運用關系代詞who,whom,whose,that,which?
考點專練
提高練習
綜合測試
第3章
數詞
中考預測
真題解析
語法脈絡
考點精講
考點1
記憶基數詞有什麼規律?
考點2
記憶序數詞有什麼規律?
考點3
如何運用hundred,thousand,million,billion?
考點4
如何用英語表示分數?
考點6
序數詞前什麼時候不用the修飾?
考點7
如何表達時刻和日期?
考點8
「扎十歲」和「年代」怎麼表達?
考點專練
提高練習
綜合測試
第4章
冠詞
中考預測
真題解析
語法脈絡
考點精講
考點1
a,an如何區分?
考點2
不定冠詞a,an有哪些特殊用法?
考點3
如何區別a/an和one?
考點4
初中階段有哪些含有a/an的固定片語?
考點5
定冠詞the有哪些特殊用法?
考點6
初中階段有哪些含有the的固定短語?
考點7
什麼時候不用冠詞?
考點8
初中階段有哪些不加冠詞的固定短語?
考點9
某些片語,用不用冠詞,意思不同
考點10
冠詞在句中處於什麼位置?
考點11
如何用冠詞表示類別?
考點專練
提高練習
綜合測試
第5章
介詞
中考預測
真題解析
語法脈絡
考點精講
考點1
如何用at,in,on表示時間?
考點2
如何使用till/until和by表示間?
考點3
since和for有什麼區別?
考點4
表示一段時間的介詞有哪些?
考點5
地點介詞有什麼用法?
考點6
表示範圍的介詞in,Oil,to如巾區別使用?
考點7
表示方式的介詞有哪些?怎麼使用?
考點8
in和after,of和t0,except和besides有什麼區別?
考點9
初中階段有哪些介詞短語?
考點專練
提高練習
綜合測試
第6章
形容詞
中考預測
真題解析
語法脈絡
考點精講
考點1
形容詞可作主語或賓語嗎?
考點2
哪些形容詞只能用作表語?哪些只能作定語?
考點3
在哪些情況下形容詞作後置定語?
……
第7章
副詞
第8章
連詞
第9章
動詞分類
第10章
情態動詞及虛擬語氣
第11章
動詞時態及語態
第12章
非謂語動詞
第13章
簡單句
第14章
並列句和復合句
第15章
There
be
句型及直接引語
第16章
主謂一致
參考答案
後記
「不考語法的時代」如何學語法
④ 初三年級應該掌握的英語語法
1、被動語態
2、定語從句
3、狀語從句
4、直接引語與間接引語
5、賓語從句
⑤ 初三英語容易混淆的單詞，短語有哪些
be used to do 被用來做
be used to doing/sth 習慣於
used to do 過去常常
go on /start等一些單詞後加 to do （不同的事）
doing （同一種事）
attend a meeting/a leature/a club
attend school=go to school
join +sb
組織
興趣小組
take part in =join in +活動版（權學科競賽）
報名參加 enter for
try to do 努力做某事
doing 嘗試做某事
這些是我有點搞的（自己整理），不知有用否。
⑥ 初三英語語法總結~~~~
句子成分：主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、賓語補足語和狀語
1、主語：
(1)由名詞、代詞(人稱代詞用主格)、動詞不定式、動名詞等充當,說明動作是「誰」發出的，主語是句子陳述的對象，說明是誰或什麼，表示句子說的是「什麼人」，或」什麼事「，如「我寫字」中的「我」，做出寫字這個動作。「寫」則是謂語，「字」是賓語，是接受謂語「寫」這個動作的對象，因此是賓語。如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (畫家畫了一幅漂亮的畫。) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他們勇敢地與非典搏鬥。) / To see is to believe. (耳聽為虛眼見為實). / Helping animals is to help people. (幫助動物就是幫助人類。)
(2)動詞不定式或動名詞做主語時可用it代替,而不定式或動名詞移至表語或賓語之後。如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat ring the long journey. (在長途旅行中能有個甲等座位簡直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多對你的身體不利。)（比較好看，避免頭重腳輕）
(3)口語中常見主語或「主--系」省略：(It is) nothing. ((那)沒有什麼。)/ (It) doesn』t matter. ((那)沒有關系。) / (I) thank you. ((我)謝謝你。)
(4)反意問句的附加問句,主語必須是代詞：The man looks worried, doesn』t he? (這個人看上去很著急不是嗎？) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren』t they? (老虎是危險的動物不是嗎？)
(5)祈使句一般省略主語。加主語時往往用來指定某個人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子們請保持鍵盤的清潔。) (省略了主語) / You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去給我弄一杯水來。)
(6)主語一般在句首,但在問句中會處於第二位和句尾；倒裝句及there be句型主語在動詞之後。如：Computers are made in this factory. (計算機生產於這家工廠。) / Where are they? (他們在哪兒？) / Does the boy like staying home? (這個男孩喜歡呆在家裡嗎？)
(7)主語與謂語必須保持單、復數的一致, 而謂語與表語或賓語之間沒有這一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都沒有通過考試。) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. (中華民族是一個勤勞勇敢的民族。)
(8)主語可以由從句充當,詳見「主語從句」。
2、謂語：是對主語動作或狀態的陳述或說明，指出「做什麼」，「是什麼」或「怎麼樣」，在主語後接賓語，又稱受詞，是一個動作的接受者。
(1)由「不及物動詞」、「及物動詞+賓語」或「系動詞+表語」等構成,說明主語所表示的人物「干什麼」或「怎麼樣」。如：
He travelled in space for the first time .(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this year?(今年誰教你們的英語？) / The pizza has gone bad. (那塊烤餡餅已經變壞。) /
(2)謂語動詞必須反映出人稱、單復數、時態等信息,謂語動詞往往由下列詞語依序排列構成：［情態動詞］+［時態助動詞］（現在完成時）+［語態助動詞］（如被動語態）+［主要動詞］(不一定全部出現)。(見動詞的時態和語態構成表)記住：謂語部分第一個動詞往往是變形動詞。如：
I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. (對不起我發出了太大的聲音但是只能這樣。) / He can』t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能讀完了那本長達800頁的小說。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (該採取措施防止禽流感蔓延。)
(3)謂語動詞切忌用「行為動詞1 + 原形動詞」、「be + 原形動詞」。
記住使用下列正確形式：
①情態動詞+原形動詞。如：You』d better go over the lesson.（你最好復習這一課。）
②shall/ will/ would+原形動詞。如：They should have been there once.（他們應該去過那兒。）
③be+現在分詞或者過去分詞。如：What are you doing this evening?（今晚你打算做什麼？）---表示一般將來時/ Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（自從20世紀70年代大批樹木被砍伐。）
④have+過去分詞。如：Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（意思同上）
⑤一般時問句和否定句中：do/does/did+原形動詞。如：He does not enjoy himself very much.（他日子過的不好。）/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?（你們當中有誰見過恐龍蛋嗎？）
⑥行為動詞1+行為動詞2 (不定式、動名詞、現在分詞、過去分詞等形式)。如：He made up his mind to be a vet.（他拿定主意要做個獸醫。）/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.（自尊自愛是享受生活的根本。）/ They wake up the other family members, calling,「Merry Christmas!」（他們叫醒家庭的其他成員,呼喊著：聖誕快樂！）/ The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.（古代的埃及國王讓人給他們自己修建堅固的墳墓。）
(4)不可用形容詞、名詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語等獨立作謂語,必須在此之前加連系動詞。
(5)謂語動詞單復數形式：單數形式的動詞有：is,was,has,does以及「動詞+s」；復數形式的動詞有：are,were,have以及動詞原形。其他動詞不分單、復數。
謂語部分第一個動詞的形式 單數形式 復數形式
一般現在時be(是)動詞；
現在某些時態和語態的助動詞be am (單一); are (單二); is (單三); are
一般過去時be(是)動詞；
過去某些時態和語態的助動詞be was (單一); were (單二); was;(單三) were
一般現在時have(有)動詞；
現在完成時態的助動詞have have (單一); have (單二); has (單三); have
一般現在時行為動詞和助動詞do do (單一、單二); does (單三) do
實意動詞和連系動詞的一般現在時動詞（否定和疑問句除外） 原形動詞(單一、單二); 動詞+s /es (單三) 原形動詞
其他各時態語態的謂語動詞 單復數形式相同
記住：主語、謂語單復數必須保持一致。（參見「4、名詞或代詞作主語時和謂語之間的單復數的一致問題：」） Air and water is necessary to us all.(空氣和水對於我們大家是必不可少的。)
(6)一般問句和反意問句的回答不使用行為動詞,應該使用「是」動詞、情態動詞、助動詞(be,will,have,do以及變形)。如：The Olympic Games is held every other year, isn』t it? ----Yes, it is.(奧運會每兩年舉辦一次,是嗎？----是的。)
3、賓語：又稱受詞，是指一個動作（動詞）的接受者。賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語兩大類，其中直接賓語（經常指被做的人）指動作的直接對象，間接賓語說明動作的非直接，但受動作影響的對象。一般而言，及物動詞後面最少要有一個賓語，而該賓語通常為直接賓語，有些及物動詞要求兩個賓語，則這兩個賓語通常一個為直接賓語，另一個為間接賓語。
(1) 由名詞、代詞(人稱代詞要用賓格)、不定式、動名詞、(賓語)從句充當,表示動作的承受者是「誰」或者是「何物」。如： The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.(那個天使同樣來到約瑟夫面前並且告訴他同樣的事情。)(代詞和名詞充當兩個賓語) / He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告訴我說公司付不起他那麼多的錢。) (不定式作賓語) / They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons. (他們如此喜愛看足球以至於常常忘記了他們的功課。) (動名詞作賓語) / I think to be a children』s doctor is very rewarding.(我認為當個兒童醫生是很值得的。) (從句作賓語)
(2) 只有及物動詞或介詞才有賓語,不及物動詞沒有賓語,如果涉及到事物,則必須在不及物動詞後面加合適的介詞。Listen to the radio. (listen不是及物動詞,故加to。) / Can you hear anything exciting?(你能聽到什麼令人興奮的消息嗎？)
(3) 賓語一般放在及物動詞或介詞的後面,但是在疑問句中,如果賓語是疑問詞,則賓語要放在句首。介詞的賓語如果是疑問詞,則可以放在介詞後或句首。如：What did he see? (他看見了什麼？) / What does he write a letter with? (他用什麼寫的信？) / With what does he write a letter? (他用什麼寫的信？)
(4)「動詞+副詞+賓語」結構中,如果賓語是代詞,則代詞必須放在「動」「副」之間。如：Please put the shoes away. (請把鞋子收起來。) / Please put away the shoes. (請把鞋子收起來。) / Please put them away. (請把它們收起來。)
(5) 動詞後面跟雙賓語時可以採用兩種結構：
①動詞+間接賓語(人)+直接賓語(物)。如：He often gives me some help. (他常常幫我。)
②動詞+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語。注意,一般情況介詞用to,但動詞是make, buy, borrow時,介詞用for.如： Please make me a kite. (請給我做個風箏。)或Please make a kite for me.
(6) 在「動詞+賓語+賓補」結構中,如果賓語是不定式、動名詞、賓語從句,則常用it做形式賓語,而將實際的賓語移到補語後面去。如：I found the job rather difficult. (我發覺這個工作相當難做。) / I found it rather difficult to do the job.
(7) 賓語可以由從句充當,詳見「賓語從句」。
4、表語：
(1) 說明主語的身份、性質、狀況等含義的成分,通常由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、代詞等充當。如：He became a doctor after he left high school.(高中畢業他當上了醫生。) / The rubber wheels are over there.(橡膠輪子在那邊。) / He does not feel like eating anything today because he has caught a bad cold.(他今天不想吃任何東西因為他得了重感冒。) / Who is it?(誰呀？)
(2) 表語只能放在連系動詞(如：be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem) 之後,對表語進行提問的句子除外。
(3) 代詞做表語一般用主格,口語中常用賓。如：It』s I. (It』s me.)是我。
(4) 只能作表語的形容詞有：sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等。He was terribly sorry for his carelessness.(他很為他的粗心而歉疚。) / Please make no noise here; the baby is asleep.(請不要發出響動,嬰兒正熟睡呢。) / I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是對獨坐孤舟無所事事感興趣。) / I am not alone in thinking so.(並非只有我才這樣想的。)
(5) 表語也可以由從句充當,詳見「表語從句」。
5、定語：
(1) 修飾名詞或代詞的成分,常由形容詞、名詞(含所有格)、代詞(物主、指示、疑問、不定)、介詞短語、不定式(短語)充當,在初三階段還學習了定語從句做定語的知識。如：Put it in the top drawer.(把它放在最上層的抽屜里。) / France and Switzerland are European countries. (法國和瑞士是歐洲國家。) / His mother and father are both college teachers.(他的父母都是大學教師。) / This is the day that I can never forget in my life.(這是我一輩子難忘的日子。)
(2) 單詞做定語時一般放在被修飾的名詞前面,而且有一定的次序：
冠詞/
物代 年齡/形狀/
大小/溫度 色彩 來源 質地/
材料 目的/
用途 被修飾的名詞(中心詞)
a
the
my
his
… old,young,… red,
yellow,
blue,
… Chinese,
English,
American,
… wooden,
woolen,
glass,
silk,
paper
… meeting,
tennis,
sports,
reading,
swimming,
… box,
shoes,
room,
pig
…
long,short,
round, square…
big, large,
small, little…
hot, cold,
warm, cool…
(3) 時間副詞(now,then,today,yesterday,...)、地點副詞(here,there,back,in,out,home,...作定語時放在被修飾的名詞後面。如：I could not find my way out, so I stayed there all along. (我找不到出去的路,所以就一直呆在那兒。)
(4) 介詞短語修飾名詞時只能放在名詞的後面：The monkey in the cage was caught yesterday. (籠子里的猴子是昨天逮著的。)
(5) 形容詞修飾復合不定代詞時,往往後置。如：He remembered everything unusual. (他記得所有不尋常的事情。)
(6) 定語還可以用從句充當,詳見 定語從句。
(7) 注意：由於定語屬於修飾性的成分,因此它常歸入主語、賓語、表語之中,不作為句子的主要成分。
6、狀語：
(1) 說明動作「何時」、「何地」、「如何」發生,或者說明形容詞或副詞的程度,一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式、狀語從句等充當。如：I was not born yesterday.（我又不是昨天才出世的娃娃。）/ For many of these families a college ecation was something new.（對其中的許多家庭來說,大學教育是件新事物。）/ He woke up to find his house on fire.(他醒來發現房子著火了。) / You cannot leave until your work is finished.(在你的工作被完成以前你不能離開)
(2) 副詞作狀語位置較為靈活,詳見《六•2》「副詞在句子中的位置以及作用」；介詞短語作狀語,位置基本固定,詳見《七•4》「介詞短語在句子中的位置」；不定式作狀語,一般表示目的、結果,詳見《八•7》「動詞的非謂語形式」；從句作狀語,詳見《主從復合句》的「狀語從句」。
(3) 多個狀語相連時,一般先單詞、後短語,先地點、後時間,先小概念、後大概念。如：He went ouf of the room at a quarter to 23:00 last night and then disappeared into the dark.(他昨夜22點3刻從房間里出來,然後消失在黑暗之中。) /
(4) 狀語還可以用從句來充當,有時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結果狀語從句、比較狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、條件狀語從句等。詳見「狀語從句」。
(5) 注意：由於狀語屬於修飾性的成分,常歸入謂語,因此不作為句子的主要成分。
7、賓語補足語：
(1) 補充說明賓語的動作、狀態的成分為賓語補足語,常由名詞、形容詞、動詞非謂語形式(不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞等)、介詞短語等充當。如：Call him Jim, please. (請叫他Jim。) / I tried my best to make him happy. (我竭盡所能讓他開心。) / Ask her to come to dinner tomorrow. (請他明天來。) / He let the smaller animals bring food to him. (他讓小動物們給他帶食物來。)
(2) 部分表示位置、方向的副詞也可以作賓語補足語。如：Let him in, I tell you! (我跟你說,讓他進來！)/ Please put it away. (請把它收起來。)
(3) 不定式或分詞作賓語補足語的情況 （略）
⑦ 初中英語易混詞詞彙辨析（詳細點的）
1. clothes, cloth, clothing
①clothes統指各種衣服，謂語動詞用復數, a suit of clothes指一套衣服。可以說many clothes, these clothes,不說an article of clothes.
②cloth 用來指「織物」時，為不可數名詞。指「布塊」時，是可數的，但注意它的復數形式是cloths,如：Wipe the surface with a damp cloth.
③clothing服裝的總稱，總是單數形式。指一件衣服用a piece of / an article of clothing.
2. incident, accident, event
incident一般是經過策劃，有蓄謀的事件,如西安事變（站在老蔣的立場，這字太合適了）還有如border incident,也可以指小事,如偶遇什麼人；accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident；event指較大的事，如你考取大學，對你是個event(盡管對別人無所謂); 歷史上的大事件，也多用event.
3. deal,amount, number
amount / deal及其組合量詞片語後接不可數名詞，number及其組合後接可數名詞a number of students，注意：
Large amount of water was sent to the small village.
Large amounts of water were sent to the small village.
4. family, house, home
home家，包括住處和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成員. My family is a happy one.
5. sound, voice, noise
sound凡你聽得到的聲音就是它。voice人的嗓音。noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.
6. photo, picture, drawing, painting
photo用照相機拍攝的照片，picture可指相片，圖片，電影片Let's go and see a good picture ；drawing畫的畫，主要是線條形的，如工程圖；painting 指（如油彩類）繪畫
7. vocabulary, word
vocabulary詞彙，一個人擁有的單詞總量，word具體的單詞：He has a large vocabulary.
8. population, people
population人口，人數China has a large population.；people具體的人,民族The Chinese are a great people.
What』s the population of your country?
How large is the population of your country.
9. weather, climate
weather具體的天氣狀況，climate氣候狀況The climate here is not good for you.
10. road, street, path, way
road具體的公路，馬路。street街道。path小路，小徑。way道路，做事情的「做法」 // take this road；in the street；show me the way to the museum.
11. course, subject
course課程（課程表中的所有subject），subject科目（具體的學科）Math is her best subject
12. custom, habit
①custom [c/u] 即有時指「一種」風俗、習俗而有時指風俗的「統稱」。the custom of doing sth.如the custom of kissing under mistletoe；但它也可指個人的生活習慣，不過往往側重指一種有規律的行為，而並非一個人那種無意識的「習慣」On Wednesday evening, as was his custom, he went down to the village. ②habit生活習慣，習慣成自然，後接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot.
13. cause, reason
the cause(s) of =... 的原因； the cause f =... 的理由；
The cause of the explosion has not been explained.
You have no cause for complaint. (= to complain.)
汶川地震的（原因V）(理由X) 是什麼呢？
What is the cause of the Wenchuan earthquake?
reason(s)for sth./doing sth.(做)...的理由
the reason for being late
Could you explain your reasons for choosing this particular course?
for reasons of... 由於...的原因，出於什麼的考慮
14. exercise, exercises, practice
exercise運動，鍛煉（不可數）。exercises作業,但做體操也是: gymnastic exercises體操，spelling exercises拼寫練習。practice（遵循某理論或教導而做，有時是反復做的）練習Practice makes perfect的
15. class, lesson
作"課"解時,兩者大致可以替換a mathematics class/lesson；a class/lesson in mathematics都可以說.指課文用lesson.指班級或全體學生用class。如lesson 6; class 5
16. speech, talk, lecture
speech指在公共場所所做的經過准備的較正式的演說，talk日常生活中的一般的談話，講話，但國際性的、圍繞某問題舉行的會談也用talk,如六方會談six-party talk；lecture學術性的演講，講課a lecture on Dickens
17. officer, official
officer 單獨用指陸海空軍官，警官；official主要指政府官員an army officer/ a government official
18. work, job
二者均指工作。work不可數，job可數a good job / out of a job/ out of jobs/ out of work
19. couple, pair
couple主要指人或動物，pair多指由兩部分組成的東西a pair of trousers。夫婦多用couple(也可用pair)；合作夥伴多用pair /a couple of 幾個
20. country, nation, state, land
①country側重指版圖，疆域；②nation指人民，國民，民族；③state側重指政府，政體；④land國土，國家（有點詩意）The whole nation was sad at the earthquake of Wenchuan.
21. cook, cooker
cook廚師，cooker廚具He is a good cook.
22. damage, damages
damage不可數名詞,損害，損失; damages復數形式,賠償金$900 damages
23. police, policeman
police警察的總稱，後接復數謂語動詞，policeman指某個具體的警察The police are questioning everyone in the house.
24. problem, question，issue
problem常和困難（故障）聯系，前面的動詞常為think about, solve, raise。question常和疑問聯系，多和ask, answer連用。problem with the machine不太用of. / issure 實際= 事務 ||environmental problem / issue意思不一樣
25. man, a man
man人類，a man一個男人Man will conquer nature.
man與mankind前都不用the
26. chick, chicken
二者均可指小雞，chicken還可以當雞肉The chicken is delicious. Do you like dogs / dog? (喜歡狗/狗肉？)
27. telegram, telegraph
Shall I______（打電話）or telephone?
telegram多作可數名詞用，如：He received a telegram saying that his mother had died.而telegraph既能作名詞又能作動詞用，本題選telegraph。
28. travel, trip, tour, journey, voyage
travel總稱。trip注重辦事，後接to如a business trip to Shanghai；tour注重遊玩，後接of。journey指稍長的旅途。voyage指乘船的航行，如space voyage.
29. sport, game
sport多指戶外的游戲或娛樂活動，如打球，游泳，打獵，賽馬等His favorite sport is swimming；game指決定勝負的游戲，通常有一套規則
30. price, prize，award, reward
price價格The price is high/low.；prize（競賽類）的獎，獎品，獎金win the first prize；award經評委選出的獎，但The Nobel Prize是個例外；給你老媽擦了地板之類，具體付出具體所得的獎賞，就是reward。
31. a number of, the number of
a number of許多，謂語動詞用復數。the number of…這個數字…，謂語動詞用單數。The number of students is increasing.
32. in front of, in the front of
in front of范圍外的前面，in the front of范圍內的前面In the front of the classroom stands the strict teacher. (教室內前)
33. of the day, of a day
of the day每一天的，當時的，當代的，of a day暫時的，不長久的a famous scientist of the day
34. three of us, the three of us
three of us我們（不止三個）中的三個，the three of us我們三個（就三個人）The three of us---Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.
35. by bus, on the bus
by bus表手段，方式，不用冠詞。on the bus表所乘具體的車輛，或表范圍They came here on this bus.( by busx)
36. for a moment, for the moment
for a moment片刻，一會兒，for the moment暫時，一時Thinking for a moment, he agreed.
37. next year, the next year
next year將來時間狀語，the next year過去將來時間狀語（如常用於間接引語）He will come here next year. / He said he would go abroad the next year.
38. more than a year, more than one year
more than a year一年多，more than one year超過一年（兩年或三年等）
39. take advice, take the(one's) advice
take advice徵求意見，take the advice接受忠告He refused to take the advice and failed again.
40. take air, take the air
take air傳播，走漏，take the air到戶外去，散步We take the air every day.
41. in a word, in words，in word
in a word總之，一句話In a word, you are right；in words=in word口頭上(in practice實踐上) He should be a friend in practice, not only in word / Or, He should be a friend in deed as well as in word. in words口語化，in word文學化些。
42. in place of, in the place of
in place of代替≈take sb.'s place代替某人；in the place of在…地方A new building is built in the place of the old one.
43. in secret, in the secret
in secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作狀語；in the secret知道內情，知道秘密，一般用作表語My mother was in the secret from the beginning.
44. a girl, one girl
a girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一個女孩Can one girl carry such a big box? One在這種用法中常強調數量意味（見38條）
45. take a chair, take the chair
take a chair相當於sit down坐下，take the chair開始開會，做主席The news that Keefe is to take the chair comes
46. go to sea, by sea, by the sea
go to sea當海員，出航，by sea乘船，由海路，by the sea在海邊 go by sea
47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher
the doctor and teacher指一個人，既是醫生又是老師；the doctor and the teacher兩個人，一個醫生和一個老師。（有時作為特別強調，也指一個人）
51. in class, in the class
in class在課上，in the class在班級里He is the best student in the class.
52. on fire, on the fire
on fire著火,on the fire在火上Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.
53. out of question, out of the question
out of question毫無疑問的，out of the question不可能的（記法：opportunity可能性，長的那個片語與可能性有關）
54. a second, the second
a second又一，再一，the second第二的 He won the second prize.
55. by day, by the day
by day白天，by the day按天計算 The workers are paid by the day.
56. the people, a people
the people指人，a people指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people.
57. it, one
it同一物體，one同類不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.
58. that, this
that指代上文所提到的，this導出下文所要說的 I was ill. That's why…
59. none, nothing, no one
一般情況下，nothing回答what問句；nobody和no one回答who問句；none回答how many或how much問句。
①— What』s in the box?盒子里有什麼？
— Nothing.什麼也沒有。
②—Who is in the classroom?誰在教室里？
—Nobody / No one.沒有人。
③—How many people are there in the park?公園里有多少人？
—None.沒有人。
60. anyone, any one
1. anyone僅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。如：
Would anyone like a drink?誰想喝一杯嗎?
I don』t want to waste anyone』s time.我不想浪費任何人的時間。
He told her not to tell anyone.他告訴她不要告訴任何人。
—Which pen do you want?你要哪支鋼筆?
—Any one will do.隨便哪一支都行
2. anyone後不能接表示範圍的of短語，而any one後可接表示範圍的of短語。如：
I don』t know any one of them.他們中我一個也不認識。
Any one of us could fail in the exam.我們當中的任何一個都可能考試不及格。
3. anyone不能用作定語修飾名詞，而any one可以用作定語修飾名詞。如：
You can borrow any one video at a time.你一次可以借任何一盤錄像帶。
I can』t point to any one particular reason for it.那件事我找不出具體原因來。
4. anyone可以受形容詞的修飾，且修飾語於anyone之後；而any one很少受形容詞的修飾，若語義上需要，應將修飾語置於any與one之間。如：
Did you see anyone else there?你在那裡看到其他的人嗎?
Have you seen anyone [anybody] famous?你見過名人嗎?
Any red one will do.任何一個紅色的都可以。
61. who, what
who指姓名或關系，what指職業或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.
62. what, which
what的選擇基礎是無限制的，which在一定范圍內進行選擇 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?
63. other, another
other後接名詞復數，another後接名詞單數 other students, another student
64. not a little, not a bit
not a little非常，not a bit一點也不 I'm not a bit tired. 我一點兒也不累。
65. many, much, a lot of
many和可數名詞連用，much和不可數名詞連用，a lot of可數，不可數均可，但不用於否定句 I haven't many books.
66. much more…than, many more…than
much more…than後接形容詞或不可數名詞，many more…than後接可數名詞 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful
67. no, not
no=not a/any；no friend=not a/any friend ；no water = not any water
68. no more than, not more than
no more than相當於only，僅僅，只有，not more than 至多，不超過
69. majority, most
majority只能修飾可數名詞，most可數不可數均可 the majority of people
70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself
by oneself單獨的，獨自的，for oneself為自己，to oneself供自己用的，of oneself 自行的，自動的 The door opened of itself.
71. at all, after all
at all根本，全然；after all到底，畢竟 After all he is a child.
72. tall, high
tall常指人或動物等細長類東西，high常指基礎大的物體 He is tall.
73. fast, rapid, quickly
fast具有速度快的特點，但不一定動了，如停的飛機；rapid一般指本身在動的，如河流，進步；quickly往往與人反應相關 run fast, answer the question quickly
74. high, highly
high具體的高，highly抽象的高，高度的 think highly of
75. healthy, healthful
healthy健康的（指一種長期狀態），healthful有益於健康的healthful exercise總用keep healthy.He's healthy.(V) He's healthy today.(X) His body is healthy.
76. sleeping, asleep, sleepy
sleeping正在睡覺，asleep睡著，熟睡，只能做表語，sleepy困的，有睡意的a sleeping baby；The baby is asleep； I'm sleepy.
77. gold, golden
gold指真金製品，golden指金色的，但金魚用gold fish a gold ring
78. most, mostly
most①用於表感受的肯定句中，相當於very：most impatiently，a most impressive piece of writing.②當大部分，大多數解時是形容詞或名詞：won the most votes.；mostly主要地,是副詞Our weather has been mostly warm.
79. just, very
just表強調時是副詞，作狀語，very表強調時是形容詞，用作定語 the very man, just the man
80. wide, broad
wide側重於一邊到另一邊的距離，broad側重於幅面的寬廣broad shoulders/眼寬、嘴寬用wide, 臉寬用broad
81. real, true
用real去表示「為實」的真，如材料/行為/存在：real gold/ a real friend/ in real trouble；用true去表示「對比性（符合）」的真，如常識/重要性：a true prophecy / a true friend
82. respectful, respectable
respectful尊敬的（自身對別人所抱的心態）；respectable值得尊敬的（給別人的印象），be respectful to the aged
83. outwards, outward
二者均可用作副詞，表示向外，外面，outward還可用作形容詞 an outward voyage
84. pleasant, pleased, pleasing
pleasant常用作定語或表語，「讓別人愉快的」 Life is pleasant. Death is peaceful / a pleasant trip；pleased, pleasing常用作表語，pleased主語常為人，pleasing主語常為物 ；The trip is pleasing. / The food is pleasing to my taste.
85. understanding, understandable
understanding明白事理的，能體諒的，understandable 可理解的，能夠懂的 an understanding girl, an understandable mistake
86. close, closely
close（地點）接近地stand close；closely（關系）密切地 closely connected,
87. ill, sick
ill主要是做表語；sick定語，表語均可 a sick boy
88. good, well
good形容詞；well副詞，但指身體狀況是形容詞 He is well again.
89. quiet, silent, still
quiet安靜的，可以發出小的聲音；silent不發出聲音，但可以動；still完全不動，完全無聲響 He stand there still. 他站在那兒，一動不動，也不說話。
90. hard, hardly
hard努力work hard；hardly幾乎不 I can hardly believe it.
91. able, capable
able與不定式to do連用，capable與of連用 He is capable of doing…
92. almost, nearly
肯定句中通用；almost可以接not以外的否定詞，也就是no, none, never, any以及由no和any構成的詞例如nobody, nothing, anything等；not nearly為習語，表示「far from」，「遠不」的意思
93. late, lately
①late遲，晚是adj.& adv.；②lately最近，近來,只是adv.
Marry late in life/ I haven't seen him lately.
94. living, alive, live, lively
living定表均可；alive表語，後置定語；live只能做定語，一般用於動物；lively意為活潑的all the living people=all the people alive；live show現場直播
95. excited, exciting
excited當事者自己興奮，exciting當事者讓別人興奮的 I'm excited. The news is exciting.
96. deep, deeply
deep具體的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地 deeply moved, dig deep
97. aloud, loud
aloud出聲地，loud大聲地read aloud(出聲地讀)；loudly比loud多些「喧鬧」的含義
98. worth, worthy
worth後接doing，worthy後接to be done, of being done
It is worth visiting. = It's worthy to be visited. = It's worthy of being visited.
99. bad, badly
bad形容詞，badly副詞，但與need, want, require連用為"很，非常" I need the book badly. go bad（變壞）
100. before long, long before
before long不久以後，long before很久以前 not long before = before long
101. quite, rather
quite完全地，相當於completely, rather修飾比較級quite impossible
102. happy, glad
happy定表均可，glad高興，只能做表語a happy girl
103. instead, instead of
instead是副詞，放在句首或句末，instead of是介詞短語，He didn't see a film. Instead，he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film.
104. too much, much too
簡單說：too much ≈ much，much too ≈ too
105. be about to, be going to, be to do
be about to「馬上要做」後面不接時間狀語，be going to側重打算，想法，
be to do側重意志，計劃，安排I'm to meet him.(含雙方事先約好的意思)
106. raise, rise
raise及物動詞，rise不及物動詞The sun rises in the east./ be on the rise上漲,上升；give rise to引起;使發生；have a rise in wages
107. bring, take, carry, fetch
bring拿來，take帶走，carry隨身攜帶，fetch去回這一往返動作fetch a box of chalk
108. spend, take, pay, cost
spend人做主語，花錢，花時間去做什麼; spend…on sth./in doing sth；take物做主語，做什麼花了多少時間; pay人做主語，花錢，pay for；cost物做主語，花錢
109. join, join in, take part in
join接人（群）He joined the army five years ago.；join in參加相對小型的活動, join sb. in；take part in參加大型的活動，自己起一份作用的活動。
110. learn, study
做學習解時，兩者可不區分。但study ①研究study the problem ②書房；learn了解：I learn it from him.
111. want, hope, wish
want打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do；hope希望（通常可以實現），hope to do/ hope that…（hope sb. to do.錯）；wish希望（通常不能實現）wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success.，wish +虛擬語氣
112. discover, invent, find out
discover發現本來存在但不為人所知的東西；invent發明本來不存在的物體；find out發現，查明At last he found out the truth.
113. answer, reply
answer及物動詞，reply不及物動詞，後接to reply to the letter
114. leave, leave for
leave離開，leave for前往He left Beijing for Shanghai.
115. rob, steal
rob搶劫rob sb. of sth.，steal偷steal sth. from sb.
116. shoot, shoot at
shoot射死，shoot at瞄準，但不一定射中He shot the bird and it died.
117. drop, fall
drop及物不及物均可；fall不及物動詞Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice.
118. search, search for
只要理解search A for B,且有時會省略A，有時會省略B就可以He searched his pocket for money.
119. used to, be used to
used to do過去常常；be used to sth. /doing習慣於；be used to do sth.被用來He is used to getting up early.
120. win, lose, beat
win後接sth.，反義詞為lose, beat後接sb. win the game, beat them
121. live on, live by
live on以…為主食，live by你好…謀生live on fish/ live by fishing。注意湊巧：He lived on the farm.
122. beat, hit, strike
beat連續性地擊打；hit打中，對准打；strike打一下或若干下beat the wings
123. meet, meet with
與某人會見，意思相同。「體驗到，遭遇到」用meet with：meet with an accident
124. lose, miss，missing
①lose失去（具體的物體），錯過sth. is lost, lose the chance；②miss想念，錯過，miss the chance；③missing缺失（而不完美）,失蹤：Several pages are missing
125. be tired of, be tired with/from
be tired of厭煩…，be tired with/from因為…而累了be tired with/from running 800 meters
126. care about, care for
兩者都常見於否定句care about關心，計較，在乎；care for喜歡，關心，照料，願意|| He doesn't care about his clothes. I don't care for movies.
127. catch a cold, have a cold
catch a cold不能和表示"一段時間"的狀語連用，而have a cold可以：She has had a cold for a week.
128. change for, change into
change for調換成，change into變成Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice.
129. continue, last
二者均為持續，continue主動，被動均可，last只能用主動The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued.
130. feed, raise
feed喂養，養活，飼養(to give food to)，raise飼養，養育(cause to grow, bring up children)：raise the family
⑧ 求初中易混淆的英語單詞
｛pronunciation n.發音 pronounce v.發„„音
｛hard adj.&adv. 硬的；辛苦地 hardly adv.（頻度副詞）幾乎不
｛chance n.機會change v.改變
｛fell v.動詞fall的過去式 feel v. （感官動詞）感覺，感到
※注意：fall—fell v.落下 feel—felt v.感覺
｛sleepy adj.睏倦的 asleep adj.睡著的
※注意：fall asleep 入睡 feel sleepy 感到疲倦
｛different adj.不同的 difference n.不同點
｛except prep.除„之外 expect v.期望，要求
※注意：besides 的意思是「除„„外還有」，except的意思是「不包括在內」。
｛though adv. & conj.盡管；雖然 through adv.&prep.從一邊到另一邊；穿過
｛
another pron.再一；又一 other adj.其他的，另外的
※注意：others是指「另外的人（或物）」，是一個名詞，相當於「other+n.」；the other是指「（兩個中）另一個；其餘的」； the others是指「其餘的人（或物）」，相當於「the other+n.」。
｛pass v.經過，通過；傳遞；考試及格 past adj. 過去的（pass的過去分詞）
※注意：pass—passed—passed/past
｛sometimes 有時some times 幾次
｛
sometime 某個時候 some time 一段時間
⑨ 初三上冊英語的語法和重點單詞和短語
用帶to 的不定式
1.告訴某人（不）干某事 tell sb（not） to do sth
2．要求某人（不）干某事 ask sb （not ）to do sth
3.命令某人（不）干某事 order sb （not） to do sth
4.留心（別）干某事 take care （not） to do sth
5.盡力（別）干某事 try （not） to do sth
6.想要（某人）干某事 want （sb ）to do sth=would like to do sth
7.鼓勵某人干某事 encourage sb to do sth
8.允許某人干某事 allow sb to do sth
被允許干某事 be allowed to do sth
90希望某人干某事 wish sb to do sth
10希望干某事 hope to do sth
11決定干某事 decide to do sth
12不得不幹某事 have to do sth
有某事要做 have sth to do sth
13.同意干某事 agree to do sth
（同意某人） (agree with..)
14計劃干某事 plan to do sth
15學著干某事 learn to do sth
16.需要干某事 need to do sth
17打算干某事 be going to do sth
18干某事的一個好時光 a good time to do sth
19第一個做…的… the first …to do sth
最後一個做..的… the last …to do sth
20發現干某事…. find it +形容詞 to do sth
21.為了干某事 in order to do sth
22特殊疑問詞+動詞？ 特殊疑問詞(what/how/which/where…)+to do（除了happen外）
What will happen?/What happened ?/What happens?
23（對某人來說）干某事…..。It』s +形容詞+ (for sb)to do sth.=Doing sth is +形容詞
二、各類重點短語
to
1.給某人某東西 give sb sth=give sth to sb
2.送給某人某東西 send sb sth=send sth to sb
3.借給某人某東西 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb
4.還給某人某東西 return sth to sb=give sth back to sb
返回某地 return to …=go back to…
5.把某東西帶到某地來 bring sth to …
6.把某東西帶到某地去 take sth to…
7.對某人說（道歉） say(sorry)to sb
8對某人友好 be friendly to sb
9與某人交談 talk to sb=talk with sb
10….發生在某人身上 …happen to sb
11問題的答案 the answer to the question
問題的解決方法 the solutions to the problems
去運動俱樂部的路 the way to the sports club
12應該做某事 be supposed to do sth=should do sth
13能做某事 be able to do sth = can do sth
14令某人吃驚的事 to one』s surprise
吃驚干某事 be surprised to do sth
for
1為某人買某東西 buy sb sth=buy sth for sb
get get
2向某人要某東西 ask sb for sth
向某人求助 ask sb for help
向我媽媽要錢 ask my mother for money
3尋找… look for
關心… care for
花錢買…；賠償；pay for
等…. wait for
4對….有益處； be good for
5…的票 the ticket for(=to)
6例如 for example
7至於… as for
8為慈善機構募捐 raise money for charity
On
1在電話上交談 talk on the phone
2.與…相處的（融洽） get on (=along) (well) with…
3在他的九（十二）生日時 on his ninth (twelfth) birthday
4打開（關上） turn on (turn off)
up
1把..揀起來 pick… up
2給…打電話 call … up
3開設 open up
4（音量的）調大 turn up
調小 turn down
5起床 get up
as
1與…一樣 as….as
2不與….一樣 not as…as
講英語與當地的講話者一樣好 speak English as well as native speakers
3盡可能….. as……as possible
盡可能多地講英語 speak English as much as possible
4與….一樣 the same… as…
out
1當….；防… keep …out
2熄滅… put…out
3用光了（…） run out (of…)
4離開（…）；（從…）出來 get out(of…)
With
1生某人的氣 be(=get) angry with ssb
2與某人爭吵 argue(=have arguements) with sb
3（不同意）同意某人 (disagree) agree with sb
4與某人打架 fight(=have a fight with)sb
5與某人交朋友 make friends with…
6一個歷史悠久的國家（城市） a country(city)with a long history
Away
1沒收… take… away
2贈送… give…away
3（從…）逃跑 run away (from…)
At
1對…發火 be(=get)mad at
2首先 at first
About
1與某人談論有關某事 talk about sth with sb
2考慮；認為= ( ) think about (think of)
From
1來自… be from=come from
2從……到… from….to…
3向某人借…. borrow sth from sb
4收到某人的信 receive(=get)a letter from sb
Of
1 想起；認為 think of..
（考慮；認為） （think about…）
2 一條…；一幅…；一雙…；一對… a pair of …
3 一種…. a kind of…
各種各樣.. all kinds of….
有點兒. kind of=a little=a bit=a little bit
4一首… a piece of..
5當然 of course=certainly
6照顧（好）… take (good)care of.. =look after…(well)
7 聽說… hear of
8 用光了… run out (of…)
9 最….之一 one of + 形容詞的最高級+可數名詞的復數
10 過時了（時髦） be out of style（in style）
in
1事實上；實際上 in fact
2.愛上…. fall in love with
3進來 come in
4排隊等候 wait in line
插隊 cut in line
5在某方面做地好 do well in
6讓某人進去 let sb. in
7在將來 in (the )future
8在公共場所 in public =in the public places
9.時髦 be in style
10過一會兒 in a minute
11身體健康 be in good health
12在一個說英語的國家 in an English-speaking country
13在空餘時間 in spare time
14用俄國風格 in Russian style
15用英語寫 write in English
16處於困境 in trouble
17處於危險中 in danger
Not
1根本不.. not(….)at all
2 直到…..才….. not…until
其它短語
1亂扔垃圾 drop(dropping) litter
2惱火 get annyed
3實現 come true
4發生 take place
5把某東西忘在某地 leave sth sw
你昨天把作業落在家裡。 You left your homework at home yesterday.
6睡著 fall (fell) asleep
7環球旅行 travel around the world =travel all over the world
8給他們提些建議 give them some suggestions=give them some advice
9違反規則；打破規則 break the rules
10太空站 space station
11找一個兼職工作 get a part-time job
12全世界 all over the world=around the world
13順便說一下 by the way
14 過得愉快 have a good time =have fun
15 起飛；脫下 take off
16一個80歲的祖母 an eighty-year-old grandmother