❶ 人教版初二英語語法。
1. so+謂語+主語:…也一樣. 謂語:be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞
2. so+主語+謂語:的確如此,真的這樣.
3. help yourself/yurselves to...請隨便吃點...
4. 發現sb做sth : find sb doing sth
5. 不完全同意I don』t really agree.
完全不同意I really don』t agree.
6. 或者..或者...either…or…..就近原則
既不..也不..neither…nor….就近原則
既....又...both…and….謂語用復數
7. 看起來,似乎It seems/seemed that…..
8. 由於...而聞名be famous for….
9. 餐館就餐用語:a table for two/sit at the table by the window/here』s the menu/May I take your order?/could we have the bill?/That』s all.
10. 問路Which is the way to…/where is…/How can I get to…/Is there a..near here/Can you tell me the way to…/Can you tell me how I can get to…?
11. turn right at the third crossing/traffic lights在第3個路口往右拐=take the third crossing on your right
12. 過橋go across the bridge=cross the bridge
13. 走到路的盡頭go up this road to the end=go on until you reach the end.
14. at the street corner在街角
15. on sb』s way to….在sb去…的途中/路上
16. what』s the matter?=what』s wrong?=what』s the trouble?怎麼了?
17. be sick in hospital/in bed 生病住院/卧床
18. Maybe it is there=it may be there可能在那裡.
19. It takes/took/will take sb+時間+to do sth. Sb做sth花費了…時間
20. 路途遙遠It』s (5 kms)far(away) from…=That』s quite a long way.
21. wait for…等待
22. 五分鍾的步行/駕駛路程:five minutes』 walk/drive
23. 迷路lose sb』s way/sb be lost/sb get lost
24. just then=just at that time/moment就在那時
25. 首先first of all=at first
26. a big city like Tokyo像東京這樣的大城市
27. It』s easy/interesting/important/ (for sb) to do sth.(對sb來說)做sth是容易的/有趣的/重要的.
28. if 條件狀語從句:從句一般現在時,主句一般將來時。如:If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the zoo.
29. at the head /end of…在…的前/尾部
30. 我的背很疼. My back hurts badly.
31. 為…做准備get /be ready for…
32. stop sb (from) doing sth.阻止/不讓sb做sth
33. have a good/wonderful time=enjoy oneself 玩得很高興
34. answer in a tired voice/with a smile 用疲憊的聲音/面帶微笑回答。
35. quarrel with sb on sth 為了sth與sb 吵架
36. complain about sth 為…而抱怨,投訴
37. 生病用語:sb have a headache=sb have a pain in the head 頭痛,have a cough 咳嗽,have/catch a cold 感冒,have cancer 得了癌症。
38. have /take the medicine three times a day 吃葯,每天3次
39. take sb』s temperature 量體溫,look over 醫生檢查病人
40. drink more water 多喝水,take more exercise 多鍛煉
41. sb醒來: sb wake up, //sb 醒著的:sb be awake
42. sb 睡著了入睡 be/fall asleep
43. 忙著…bu busy doing/with sth
44. as soon as… 一… 就 ...
45. sleeping pills安眠葯,light music 輕音樂
46. again and again 再三地,一次又一次
47. dream about…夢見…; dream of… 夢想成為…
48. 系動詞+形容詞: be/smell/taste/sound/look/feel/turn/get/become
49. make trouble製造麻煩,惹是生非,make a noise 製造噪音
50. every five minutes 每隔5分鍾
51. instead/instead of…代替,取而代之,反而
52. write to sb. 寫信給sb
53. get enough sleep 睡眠充足;stay happy 保持心情開朗
54. on time 准時;in time 按時
55. sb had better (not) do sth, sb 最好(別)做sth
56. land on …登陸
57. pull…out of..=pull…up from…拉上來
58. 不定代詞:something/anyone/nobody/everywhere等
59. we』re all by ourselves=we』re alone.單獨,獨自
60. feel a little afraid/don』t be afraid. 有點害怕/別害怕
61. perhaps=maybe也許,可能
62. not …until… 直到…才…
63. sooner or later 遲早,早晚
64. ran after追//ran to …向..跑去// ran away 逃跑了
65. eat up 吃光// use up 用完
66. take (good) care of ..=look after…照顧,保管
67. 我自學英語learn English by myself= teach myself English
68. learn to do sth 學會…
69. 記日記 keep a diary,寫日記 write a diary
70. leave sb by oneself 單獨留下sb
71. join in the League/Party 入團/黨
72. 越來越…:比較級+and+比較級; more and more +多音節詞。如:bigger and bigger , more and more interesting
73. 越…, 就越…: the +比較級,the +比較級。 如:越大越好:the bigger, the better
74. turn on/off 開/關(電器),turn up/down音量開大/小
75. the whole story=all the story整個故事,整件事情
76. 過了一會兒after a while/moment
77. make faces 做鬼臉
78. 名勝,景點interesting places=places of interest
79. my hometown in Zhejiang 我浙江的老家
80. 暑假summer holidays; 五一假期 May 1st holiday
81. a strong wind大風;in the wind 在風里
82. make sb do sth. 使/逼迫sb做sth
83. 倒裝句(為了強調)There he is./ Away he went.
84. with these words. 說完這些話,說著說著(伴隨狀語)。
85. I don』t know how to use it yet. 我不知道怎樣使用它。
where to go. 我不知道該去哪裡。
what to do. 我不知道該做什麼。
86. wait for sb』s turn to do sth 等著輪到sb做sth
It』s sb』s turn to do sth. 輪到sb去做sth
被動:be+動詞過去分詞
eg:The trees are planted every year.
過去完成時:
過去完成時表示在過去某一時刻或某一動作之前已經發生的動作或情況,一般用在描述過去的某個時點已經發生過的動作或情況的句子中,即:過去的過去。如:
When we got there, the football match had already started.
當我們趕到時,足球比賽已經開始了。
過去完成時由「主語+had+動詞過去分詞」構成。其肯定句,否定句和疑問句結構如下:
肯定句:主語+had+過去分詞+其他.
否定句:主語+had not+過去分詞+其他.
疑問句:Had+主語+過去分詞+其他?
He had worked for two years by then. 到那時他已經工作兩年了。
He hadn't worked for two years by then. 到那時他已經兩年不工作了。
Had he worked for two years by then? 到那時他已經工作兩年了嗎?
三、過去完成時的基本用法
1. 過去完成時表示在過去某一時間之前已完成的動作,表示對這一過去時間造成的結果或影響。常用以下幾種方式:
(1) 用by,before等構成的介詞短語。 eg:
Linda had learnt 10 English songs by the end of last month.
到上個月底,琳達已經學了10首英文歌曲。
John had repaired that machine before midnight.
在半夜之前約翰已經修好了那台機器。
(2) 用when, before, after等引導的時間狀語從句。如:
The train had started before we got to the station.
在我們到達車站之前,火車已經開了。
The plane had taken off when I reached the airport.
我到達機場時,飛機已經起飛了。
2. 過去完成時還可以表示過去某一時間以前發生開始的動作持續到
這一過去的時間。常與for, since引導的表示一段時間的短語或從句連用。如:
I had worked in a hospital for three years before I came here.
我來這之前,在一家醫院已經工作三年了。
He told us that he had worked here since 10 years before.
他告訴我他自從十年前就一直在這兒工作了。
❷ 人教版八年級上冊英語語法知識梳理
1) leave的用法
1.「leave+地點」表示「離開某地」。例如:
When did you leave Shanghai? 你什麼時候離開上海的?
2.「leave for+地點」表示「動身去某地」。例如:
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五,愛麗斯要去倫敦了。
3.「leave+地點+for+地點」表示「離開某地去某地」。例如:
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你為什麼要離開上海去北京?
2) 情態動詞should「應該」學會使用
should作為情態動詞用,常常表示意外、驚奇、不能理解等,有「竟會」的意思,例如:
How should I know? 我怎麼知道?
Why should you be so late today? 你今天為什麼來得這么晚?
should有時表示應當做或發生的事,例如:
We should help each other.我們應當互相幫助。
我們在使用時要注意以下幾點:
1. 用於表示「應該」或「不應該」的概念。常指長輩教導或責備晚輩。例如:
You should be here with clean hands. 你應該把手洗干凈了再來。
2.用於提出意見勸導別人。例如:
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果感覺不舒服,你最好去看醫生。
3. 用於表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現的考點之一。例如:
We should arrive by supper time. 我們在晚飯前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她隨時都可能來。
3) What...? 與 Which...?
1. what 與 which 都是疑問代詞,都可以指人或事物,但是what僅用來詢問職業。如:
What is your father? 你父親是干什麼的?
該句相當於:
What does your father do?
What is your father's job?
Which 指代的是特定范圍內的某一個人。如:
---Which is Peter? 哪個是皮特?
---The boy behind Mary. 瑪麗背後的那個男孩。
2.What...? 是泛指,所指的事物沒有范圍的限制;而 Which...? 是特指,所指的事物有范圍的限制。如:
What color do you like best?(所有顏色)你最喜愛什麼顏色?
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?
你最喜愛哪一種顏色? (有特定的范圍)
3. what 與 which 後都可以接單、復數名詞和不可數名詞。如:
Which pictures are from China?哪些圖片來自中國?
4) 頻度副詞的位置
1.常見的頻度副詞有以下這些:
always(總是,一直)
usually(通常)
often(常常,經常)
sometimes(有時候)
never(從不)
2.頻度副詞的位置:
a.放在連系動詞、助動詞或情態動詞後面。如:
David is often arrives late for school.大衛上學經常遲到。
b.放在行為動詞前。如:
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我們每天經常在7:10去上學。
c.有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾,用來表示強調。如:
Sometimes I walk home, sometime I ride a bike.
有時我步行回家,有時我騎自行車。
3.never放在句首時,主語、謂語動詞要倒裝。如:
Never have I been there.我從沒到過那兒。
5) every day 與 everyday
1. every day作狀語,譯為「每一天」。如:
We go to school at 7:10 every day.
我們每天7:10去上學。
I decide to read English every day.
我決定每天讀英語。
2. everyday 作定語,譯為「日常的」。
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.
她晚飯後在電視上看日常英語。
What's your everyday activity?你的日常活動是什麼?
6) 什麼是助動詞
1.協助主要動詞構成謂語動詞片語的詞叫助動詞(Auxiliary Verb)。被協助的動詞稱作主要動詞(Main Verb)。助動詞自身沒有詞義,不可單獨使用。例如:
He doesn't like English.他不喜歡英語。
(doesn't是助動詞,無詞義;like是主要動詞,有詞義)
2.助動詞協助主要動詞完成以下功用,可以用來:
a. 表示時態,例如:
He is singing.他在唱歌。
He has got married.他已結婚。
b. 表示語態,例如:
He was sent to England.他被派往英國。
c. 構成疑問句,例如:
Do you like college life?你喜歡大學生活嗎?
Did you study English before you came here?你來這兒之前學過英語嗎?
d. 與否定副詞not合用,構成否定句,例如:
I don't like him. 我不喜歡他。
e. 加強語氣,例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會。
He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。
3.最常用的助動詞有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to do與remember doing/to do
1.forget to do忘記要去做某事(未做);forget doing忘記做過某事(已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
辦公室的燈還在亮著,它忘記關了。(沒有做關燈的動作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘記他已經關了燈了。( 已做過關燈的動作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
別忘了明天來。(to come動作未做)
典型例題
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案:C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著,即關燈的動作沒有發生,因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示燈已經關上了,而自己忘記了這一事實。此處不符合題意。
2.remember to do記得去做某事(未做);
remember doing記得做過某事(已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.記著放學後去趟郵局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?
8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
1.for sb. 常用於表示事物的特徵特點,表示客觀形式的形容詞,如:
easy, hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等:
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學兩門外語是很難的。
2.of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主觀感情或態度的形容詞。如:
good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我,你真是太好了。
3.for 與of 的辨別方法:
用介詞後面的代詞作主語,用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語,造個句子。如果道理上通順用of,不通則用for。如:
You are nice.(通順,所以應用of)。
He is hard.(人是困難的,不通,因此應用for。)
9) 對兩個句子的提問
新目標英語在命題中有將對句子劃線提問這一題型取消的趨勢,現在採取的作法是對一個句子進行自由提問。例如:
句子:The boy in blue has three pens.
提問:1. Who has three pens?
2. Which boy has three pens?
3. What does the boy in blue have?
4. How many pens does the boy in blue have?
很顯然,學生多了更多的回答角度,也體現了考試的靈活性。再如:
句子:He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.
提問:1. Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
2. Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
3. What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
4. With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?
5. What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?
6. When does he usually go to the park with his friends?
10) so、such與不定冠詞的使用
1.so與不定冠詞a、an連用,結構為「so+形容詞+a/an+名詞」。如:
He is so funny a boy.
Jim has so big a house.
2.such與不定冠詞a、an連用,結構為「such+a/an+形容詞+名詞」。如:
It is such a nice day.
That was such an interesting story.
11) 使用-ing分詞的幾種情況
1.在進行時態中。如:
He is watching TV in the room.
They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be結構中。如:
There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems結構中。如:
We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介詞後面。如:
Thanks for helping me.
Are you good at playing basketball?
5.在以下結構中:
enjoy doing sth樂於做某事
finish doing sth 完成做某事
feel like doing sth 想要做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
forget doing sth 忘記做過某事
go on doing sth 繼續做某事
remember doing sth 記得做過某事
like doing sth 喜歡做某事
keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
find sb doing sth 發現某人做某事
see/hear/watch sb doing sth
看到/聽到/觀看某人做某事
try doing sth 試圖做某事
need doing sth 需要做某事
prefer doing sth 寧願做某事
mind doing sth 介意做某事
miss doing sth 錯過做某事
practice doing sth 練習做某事
be busy doing sth 忙於做某事
can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事
12) 英語中的「單數」
1.主語的第三人稱單數形式,即可用「he,she,it」代替的。如:
he,she, it,my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle
2.名詞有單數名詞和復數名詞。如:
man(單數)---men(復數) banana(單數)---bananas(復數)
3.動詞有原形,第三人稱單數形式,-ing分詞,過去式,過去分詞。如:
go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---watched
當主語為第三人稱單數的時候,謂語動詞必須用相應的第三人稱單數形式。如:
The boy wants to be a sales assistant.
Our English teacher is from the US.
Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.
❸ 八年級英語語法大全
英語語法從初中到高中,甚至是大學,都是一樣的。不一樣的是,某一項語專法的深度和寬度。現在跟你屬列一下應掌握的語法。冠詞、代詞、形容詞、非謂語動詞、情態動詞、定語從句、賓語從句、狀語從句、倒裝句、省略句和一些簡單的對話(多看一些英語單句,培養語感,一開始感覺沒啥作用,後來就發現作用很大)。自己買一本語法書看。雖然很枯燥,但在做選擇題時很快。中考拼的是speed。還有啥不懂的問我!
❹ 八年級上學期的英語語法總結(全部)!
一、只能修飾可數名詞的詞語有:
many, many a(n), a good / great many, a (great / large) number of, scores of, dozens of等。例如:
Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.
開張後的頭幾天,很多人去了那兒。
I have been there dozens of times.
我已去過那兒很多次了。
There』re a number of students reading English in the classroom.
教室里有許多學生在讀英語。
Many a student has(=many students have)visited the Great Wall.(謂語動詞用單數)
很多學生都游覽過長城。
In winter, a good many animals sleep under the snow.
冬天很多動物在雪下冬眠。
注意: many所修飾的復數名詞前若有限定詞,many 後面要接of, 表示「……中的很多」。 例如:
A great many(of the) graates have found jobs.
畢業生中很多人已經找到了工作。
二、只能修飾不可數名詞的詞語有:
much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等。例如:
Is there much water in the bucket?
桶里有很多水嗎?
He always has a great amount of work to do.
他總是有很多工作要做。
三、既能修飾可數名詞又能修飾不可數名詞的詞語有:
a lot of, lots of, plenty of (以上三個詞語後謂語動詞的數依of 後的名詞的單復數而定),a great / large quantity of (其後謂語用單數),quantities of (其後謂語用復數)。例如:
There is still lots of snow in the garden.
花園里還有許多雪。
There is plenty of rain here.
這兒的雨水很多。
A great quantity of flowers was placed in the hall.
大廳里放了很多鮮花。
There are large quantities of food in the cupboard.
櫥櫃里有許多食物。
在所有這些表示「很多」的詞語中many, much 是最常用的詞,它們既可以用於肯定句,也可以用於疑問句和否定句。例如:
Are there many people in the street?
街上有很多人嗎?
There isn』t much time left.
剩下的時間不多了。
其它的詞語都用於肯定句,日常會話中常用lots of, a lot of 或plenty of; 正式文體中常用 a great many, a (large) number of, a great deal of, scores of 或 dozens of 等。但若肯定句中有too, so, as, very或how 等詞修飾時,則必須使用 many, much。例如:
The number of the people who lost their homes reached as many as 250,000.
無家可歸的人數多達250,000人。
There is too much work to do.
要做的工作太多了。
或者是這樣的,你自己看下,哪Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
Grammar: 特殊疑問句:wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。
特殊疑問句的構成及用法:
結構:特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句, 即:特殊疑問詞+be/助動詞/情態動詞+主語+謂語/表語(+其他)
疑問代詞:
1) Who:誰。做主語,用來指人 Who is the boy under the tree?
2)Whom 誰,做賓語,用來指人 Whom are you writing to?
3) Whose 誰的,用來指所屬關系,如果做定語,一般後接名詞 Whose pen is this?
4) Which 哪個,哪些,用來指對人或物在一定范圍之內進行選擇 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lily』s?
5)What什麼,通常指物,也可指人,一般用在沒有指出范圍的情況下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?
疑問副詞:
When:何時,詢問時間 When will she come back?
Where何地,詢問地點, Where do you come from?
Why為什麼,詢問原因, Why are you late for school?
How 如何,詢問手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?
How old多大,詢問年齡,How old is Jim』s little brother?
How many/much多少,詢問數量 How many birds are there in the tree?
How far多遠,詢問距離, How far is it form your home to school?
How long多長,多久,詢問時間的長度或距離 How long will you stay in Beijing?
How often多長時間按一次,詢問頻率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?
How soon多久,詢問時間 How soon will you come back?
頻率副詞:表示動作發生的頻率,never, sometimes, often, usually, always.
Unit 2 What』s the matter with you?
Grammar:
1. 用have 來描述身體不適 have/have got a +疾病名字;得了……病
2.情態動詞should,情態動詞should,can, may, must沒有人稱和時態的變化,後接動詞原形
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
Grammar:現在進行時表將來 一般將來時
表示將要做某事或計劃打算做某事要用到句型「be+doing」其中be是助動詞,它有人稱和單復數的變化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是現在進行時的形式,但用於表示將來。用進行時表將來,常用於表示即將來臨的未來預定要做的事情,一般指個人計劃要做的事。用於此情況的動詞一般是表示位置轉移的動詞,如,go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。
一.肯定句中,結構為「be+doing.」
I am going shopping this afternoon.
二.否定句是在be之後加not. I』m not going to shopping this afternoon.
三.一般疑問句是將be置於句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are. No, I』m not./ We aren』t.
四.特殊疑問句「疑問詞+一般疑問句語序。」
What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping?
Who are you going there with? Where is she going?
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
Grammar: How引導的特殊疑問句:是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等詞開頭的疑問句。
How does he get to shool?---- He takes the train to get to shool.
How long does it take to walk? ----It takes about 35 minutes to walk.
How far is it from your home to school? It』s four miles from my home to school.
How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.
How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.
How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.
特殊疑問句的簡略結構:how about…?+ 名詞或動詞-ing形式,用於提出建議、請求或徵求意見、詢問消息等。如:How about playing tennis?
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
Grammar:情態動詞can及邀請句式及其問答
情態動詞can的用法:
Can 是最長用的情態動詞,其後跟動詞原形,can的否定形式為cannot,can』t.
can表「能力」,意思是:能,會 I can paly basketball,but I can』t swim.
can表示能力時可和be able to 互換,be able to有更多的時態,常被用來表示can所 不能表示的將來或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.
表示「可能性」,意思是:可以,可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.
表示允許,意思是可以能夠 You can have the book when I have finished it.
表示「驚訝、不相信等(用於疑問句、否定句或感嘆句中」。意思是「會、可能。」
This can』t be true. Can it be true?
如何發出、接受和謝絕別人的邀請
表達邀請的常用句型:
Can you come to…?
Could you come to…?
Would you like to come to…?
Do you want to come to…?
接受邀請的常用句型:
Sure. Certainly. OK. I』d love to.
謝絕邀請的常用句型:
I』m sorry, I can』t. I have to…
I』m afraid I can』t. I have to…
I don』t think I can. I have to…
Unit 6 I』m more outgoing than my sister.
Grammar:形容詞的比較級
規則變化、不規則變化(課本P93)
than 是比較級中最常見的標志詞,意思是「比」。用於引出比較的對象。1.He draws better than me.2.You』re older than I am. You are older than me.
形容詞比較級前,有時可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等詞來修飾。Much 和far表示「……得多」,much better好得多,a little, a bit表示稍微,一些,一點。a little shorter, 稍微矮點;even表示「甚至,更加,還要……」even bigger還要大些,three times表示 「…三倍」,如three times bigger than 比……大三倍
Very絕不可以用來修飾比較級,very,so,too, quite 修飾原級
Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?
Grammar: 可數名詞與不可數名詞
一.可數名詞
英語中的物質名詞大體上可分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。可數名詞指物體的數量可數。其單數形式可在名詞前加a或an,表示一個,如a pear. 其負數形式要在詞尾加-s,或-es(特殊情況除外),如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags
二.不可數名詞
1.不可數名詞指物體的數量不可數。不可數名詞沒有單復數之分,也不能在詞前直接加冠詞a 或an.表示不可數名詞的數量時可在不可數名詞前加相應的由量詞構成的短語。如a bag of… 2.常見的量詞短語有:
a piece of… a cup of… a teaspoon of… a bottle of…
3.不可數名詞還可以用下面的詞表示數量:much much rain a little little
4.既可以修飾不可數名詞又可以修飾不可數名詞的詞有:
Lots of= a lot of許多,大量 some一些(用於肯定句)any一些(用於否定句和一般疑問句)
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
Grammar:
一般過去時:指在過去某一時間內發生的動作或存在的狀態,常和表示過去意義的時間狀語連用。如:yesterday, last year(week,month…),two years ago, in2006等。有時也可用when,after,before, as soon as引導的時間狀語從句。該時態在句中的體現是謂語動詞用過去式。謂語be動詞→was/were 否定:wasn』t /weren』t
Be動詞句型
一般疑問句:was/were +主語…
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+was/were+主語
陳述句:主語+was/were+…(肯定句) 否定句:主語+wasn』t/weren』t+…
行為動詞句型(當句中的動詞為行為動詞時,要藉助動詞did構成一般疑問句和否定句)
肯定式:主語+動詞過去式
否定式:主語+didn』t+動詞原形
一般疑問句:Did +主語+動詞原形
特殊疑問句:Did+主語+動詞原形
Unit 9 When was he born?
Grammar: 一般過去時的特殊疑問句
一般過去時的特殊疑問句的變法同一般現在時一樣,不同之處在於須將be動詞或助動詞改為過去時態,即「特殊疑問詞+were或was(第三人稱單數)+主語+(表語)+其他成分」或「特殊疑問詞+助動詞did+主語+實義動詞+其他成分。」
以when引導的特殊疑問句,對某人的出生年月進行提問,句型是:
When was/were…born? … was/were born in +時間
When was David beckham born? 大衛.貝克漢姆是什麼時候出生的?He was born in 1975.
二.以how long 引導的特殊疑問句,對表示某一短時間的狀語進行提問。句型是:
How long did + 主語+動詞?
How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.
三.When did he start hiccupping? 他什麼時候開始打嗝?When +did+主語+動詞?
Unit 10 I』m going to be a basketball player.
Grammar:一般將來時
表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態,也表示將來經常或反復發生的動作,常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。
1. be going to + 動詞原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?
2. will/shall + 動詞原形 I will go to my hometown next week.
3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.
4. be +動詞不定式 You are to be back by 10 o』clock.
5. be + about + 動詞不定式 The meeting is about to begin.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
Grammar:情態動詞
情態動詞,表示說話者對某一動作的看法和態度,包括可能、懷疑、允許、願望、必要、猜測等。Can(能、會),may( 可以),must( 必須、一定)等。
情態動詞的特點:(1)情態動詞有一定詞義,但不能單獨作謂語,必須和另一個動詞原形一起構成謂語,且沒有人稱和數的變化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.
(2)變否定句時,直接在情態動詞後面加not,無需加助動詞。He can』t play the guitar well.
He can』t answer the question. You mustn』t be late.
(3)含有情態動詞的句子變一般疑問句時,須將情態動詞提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?
(4)can 可表示能力、允許、可能性、懷疑猜測,意為「能,會,可以。」can』t, 意為「不能,不會,不可以。」,還有「不可能」之意。
--Can you drive? – Sorry, I can』t. It can』t be true.
(5)can 也可表示請求與邀請
Can you please sweep the floor?
Unit12 What』s the best radio station?
Grammar:形容詞/副詞的最高級,用於三者或三者以上的人或事物之間的比較,表示在一群人或事物中,其中一個 「最……」見課本p93語法
the +最高級 She is the tallest of all her classmates.
最高級可被序數詞以及much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like等修飾。This hat is by far the biggest.
表示最高程度的形容詞,excellent, extreme, prefect等沒有最高級也不能用比較級。He is an excellent teacher.
形容詞最高級間修飾做表語或介詞並與的名詞代詞是,被修飾的詞往往省略。
He is the youngest (boy) in his class.
Who/Which +be+最高級,A,B,or C? Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car?
the +序數詞+最高級 He is the second tallest student in our class.
One of the +最高級+復數名詞 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.個完整你選擇哪個吧!
❺ 人教版八年級所有英語語法
5.Thanks for taking care of my dog.謝謝你照看我的狗。
6.Don't forget to clean his bed.不要忘了清掃他的床。
7.I'm going to work on my English project and then meet my friends. 我要做英語功課,然後見我的朋友。
8.I'm going on vacation tomorrow.明天我要度假。
Unit 12
close to home靠近家的
movie theater影院
comfortable seats舒適的座位
do a survey of做一個調查
play a piano piece彈一支鋼琴曲
the price of……的價格
the radio station廣播電台
think about考慮
talent show才能展示
boring TV show乏味的電視節目
a 1ot許多
1.What's the best movie theater? 哪個是最好的影院?
2.What is the best radio station? 哪個是最好的廣播電台?
3.It has the most comfortable seats.它擁有最舒適的座位。
4.What do young people think about places in town? 年輕人關於鎮上的位置是什麼看法?
5.We did a survey of our readers.我們做了一個讀者涮查。
6.Last week's talent show was a great success.上周的才能展示是一個成功。
7.She played a beautiful piano piece.她演奏了一支優美的鋼琴曲。
8.What is the most boring TV show? 最乏味的電視劇是什麼7
9.The price of a hotel room is about 320 yuan a night. 一個旅館房間的價格是每晚320元。
10.There's a lot things to do.有許多事情要做。
Review of units 7一12
make mushroom soup做蘑菇湯
a speech contest一次演講比賽
live in居住在……
creative job富有創造性的工作
arrive in到達
elementary school小學
funniest movie actor最有意思的電影演員
1.How do you make mushroom soup? 你怎麼做蘑菇湯?
2.I won a speech contest.我演講比賽獲勝。
3.Are you going to live in Beijing?你要住在北京嗎?
4.No,not an actor,another kind of creative job.不,不是做演員,而是另一種富有創造性的工作。
5.We arrived in Australia 0n August 20th.
我們在八月二十日到達澳大利亞。
6.What is the best elementary school?最好的小學是哪個?
7.Who do you think is the funniest movie actor? 你認為誰是最有意思的電影演員? 下冊a pair of一雙,一對 ask for 請求 ask sb (not) to do sth叫某人干 agree with贊同 all year round一年到頭,全年 all kinds of各種,各樣 all the time一直 argue with與爭吵 around the world在世界各地 arrive in/at到達 at least至少 at a meeting在開會 at first首先 as…as possible盡可能 as…as象一樣 be able to能夠 be angry with 生氣 be mad at對感到氣憤 be good at擅長於 be careful小心 be allowed被允許 be surprised驚訝 be supposed to被期望/被要求 be interested in對感興趣 break the rule打破規則 by the way順便 complain about抱怨 come along出現,發生 come true實現,達到 come in進來 cut in line插隊 call sb. up打電話給 do/wash the dishes洗碗 drop litter亂扔垃圾 do well in在方面做得好 enjoy /finish doing sth喜歡/完成某事 end up結束 fall in love with愛上 fall asleep入睡 far from遠離 first of all首先 fly to飛向 find out找到 …find it adj. to do sth keep…down壓低聲音 keep out不讓進入 look for尋找 look smart 看起來精幹 look after照顧 look through瀏覽 let (sb) in讓進 let sbget along相處 get over克服 get annoyed生氣 get bored厭煩 get an ecation受教育 get on (well) with與相處(好) get injured受傷 give sb sth/give sth to sb給某人某物 give away贈送 go skating去溜冰 go out of從出去/來 have a fight with與打架/爭吵 have a surprise party舉行驚訝聚會 have a great/good time玩得愉快 have been to曾到過 hear about/of聽說 hundreds of好幾百 had better (not) do sth最好做 in a minute一會兒 in 100 years100年後 in good health身體健康 in front of 在前面 in the future 未來,將來 in the front of在前面 in the playground在操場 in/out of style時髦/過時 in silence默默地 in order to目的 in (Russian) style具有俄國風格 in public places在公共場合 It take sb some time to do sth.花費某人時間干某事 the same as與相同 try (not) to do sth盡力(不)干 three quarters四分之三 turn on/off打開/關掉 turn up/down開大/關小 talk to/with與談話 take care of照顧 take part in參加 take off起飛take away拿走 take place發生 take an interest in對感興趣 take care (not) to do小心(不)做 thanks for (doing)謝謝(做) wait in line排隊等候 want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干 make sb do sth使某人干 make a living (doing sth)謀生 make money賺錢 make friends with與交友 more than多於 need to do sth 需要干 not…anymore不再 not…until直到為止 not at all一點也不 on (my tenth) birthday在(我十歲)生日 on the phone在通話 on the one/other hand在一(另)方面 open up打開 put out熄滅 好不容易收集到的,希望滿意(太多拉還有如果需要請加我1413979442)
❻ 初中八年級英語所有語法
現在完成時
1.構成
現在完成時是由助動詞 have(has)+動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞說明該謂語是屬於現在時范圍。它和主語的人稱、數要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動詞,說明句子的意義。
2.用法
(1)表示動作發生在過去某個不確定的時間,但對現在留下了某種影響和結果。常被just, already, yet 等副詞修飾。常與非延續性動詞連用。 如:
-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你(已經)吃午飯了嗎? 我剛剛吃過。(現在我不餓了)
(2)表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續到現在的動作或狀態。這個動作可能剛停止,可能仍然在進行。常用延續性動詞,常帶有for和since(自從)等表示一段時間的狀語。
如:He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在這兒教書。(可能還要繼續教)
I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年沒見到她了。
(3)表示說話前發生過一次或多次的動作,現在成為一種經驗,一般譯為漢語「過」,常帶有twice, ever, never, three times等時間狀語。
如: I have been to Beijing twice. 我去過北京二次。
3.結構
1)陳述句結構:主語+have( has)(not)+過去分詞+其它。have not=haven』t has not= hasn』t.
2) 一般疑問句結構:Have( Has )+主語+過去分詞+其它?
3) 特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+have(has) +主語+ 過去分詞+其它?
e.g. He has already finished his homework.
He hasn』t finished his homework yet.
Has he finished his homework yet? --Yes, he has. / No, he hasn』t. / No, not yet.
4.現在完成時的時間狀語
1)現在完成時屬於現在時范圍,故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如: yesterday, last Sunday, in1990, three years ago等。但是,在強調動作產生的後果和影響時,可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。
a. 用副詞already和yet。already一般用於肯定句中,yet一般用於否定句和 疑問句中。如:We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他們還沒有完成作業。
b. 用ever 和never。多用於否定或疑問句中,表示「曾經」或「從未「等。 如:-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經去過長城嗎?
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過長城。 c. 用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語,如just(剛剛), before(以前), up to now(直到現在)/ until now, in the past (few years/ three days 等), so far (迄今為止) recently 等。 例如:I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前見過她,但記不起在哪裡見過。
He has been there three times the last few days. 近幾年他去過那裡三次了。 d.用包括「現在」在內的時間狀語,如:today, this morning (month ,year, term等.例如:-Have you met him today? - No, I haven't. 今天你見過他嗎?我沒有。
How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去過那裡多少次?
2) 現在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示「一段時間」的狀語連用,表示動作或狀態從某一時刻開始,一直持續到現在。如:I haven't seen him for two years. 但是,像come, arrive, buy等終止性動詞不能與表示「一段時間」的狀語連用。要用,必須改為「be(在)」等延續性動詞來表述。現歸納總結一下由非延續性動詞到延續性動詞的轉換:
arrive → be here begin (start) → be on die →be dead come back → be back leave → be away fall ill (sick, asleep) → be ill (sick, asleep) go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on get up →be up join →be in / be a member of… open → be open close →be closed go to school→ be a student borrow →keep buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study → study come to work→ work
如:He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。或He has been in the army for there years. 不可以說He has joined the army for there years.
His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。(不可以說has died)
The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開始十分鍾了。(不可以說has begun)
We have studied English for three years. (不可以說have begun) 我們(開始)學英語已三年了。
5. 現在完成時和一般過去時的區別
現在完成時和一般過去時都表示在過去完成的動作。但現在完成時強調的是這一動作與現在的關系。如對現在產生的結果或影響等,而一般過去時只表示動作在過去某一時刻發生,不表示和現在的關系。試比較:
I have lost my new book. 我把新書丟了。(現在還未找到)
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新書丟了。(昨天丟的,現在找到與否沒說明)
6.幾點注意事項 (1)have been(to)與have gone( to)的區別:have been(to) 表示「去過某地(現在已經回來了)」,可用於各人稱;have gone(to) 表示「去某地了(說話時某人不在當地)」,常用於第 三人稱,前者可與once ,never, several times等連用,後者則不能。如:They have been to Beijing twice.他們去過北京兩次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 (2)「It is或has been + 一段時間+ since引導的時間狀語從句」表示「某人干某事已經多長時間了」。since從句的謂語要用非延續性動詞 若動詞延續,則譯成相反的意思。如:It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世已有三年了。 It is two years since his father lived here. 他爸爸不住這兒已有三年了。 (3)終止性動詞現在完成時的否定式,已變成一種可以延續的狀態,因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如:I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來,我一直沒有離開過這兒。 (4).提問for短語或since狀語用how long。
(5).完成時的否定形式與比較級連用表達最高級含義。如:
I have never seen a better film.我從未看過一部更好的電影。(這部最好)
註:否定式與比較級連用表示最高級含義不一定用於完成時態。如:
--- What about going fishing? --- I can』t agree more.(我再同意不過了哦)
.語法—直接引語變間接引語(多數情況下變為賓語 從句)
(1). 直接引語如果是陳述句,變為間接引語時,用連詞that 引導(口語中可以省略引導詞)賓語從句。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語:
a. 「I』ll visit my aunt tomorrow.」 Lily said. ____________________________.
b. Our teacher often say to us,」 It』s important to finish your homework.」
_______________________________________________________
c. They said they would meet at 9:00 p.m. that night.
「_______________________________________.」they said.
d. Lana said that she wasn』t mad at Marcia anymore.
Lana said』」_______________________________.」
(2). 直接引語如果是一般疑問句,變為間接引語時,變為由連詞if 或whether引導的賓語從句。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語:
a. 「Will you have a surprise party for me?」 he asked me.
_______________________________________________
b. She asked Tom,」 Can you help me?」 ___________________________ c. He asked me if I knew who killed the cat.
He asked ,」__________________________________?」
(3). 直接引語如果是特殊疑問句,變為間接引語時,疑問詞不變,賓語從句用陳述語序。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語:
a. The teacher asked,」 Why are all the windows open?」
______________________________________________.
b. 「When will you find out the time?」 she asked me.
______________________________________________.
c. 「What』s the matter with you, Alice?」 he asked.
_____________________________________
d. They asked me where my friends were.
____________________________________________
(4).直接引語如果是肯定型祈使句,變為間接引語時,謂語變為tell sb. to do 或ask sb. to do 等句式。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語:
a. 「Make sure the door is closed,」 she said to her little son.
____________________________________________________.
b. 「Tell me the news, please.」 Li Hui said to me.
____________________________________________________.
c. He asked me to take care of his pet dog.
「_______________________________,」 he said to me.
(5).直接引語如果是否定型祈使句,變為間接引語時,謂語變為tell sb.not to do 或ask sb. not to do等。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語:a. 「Don』t smoke in the room,」 he said to me.
________________________________________________.
b. 「Don』t shout at the old man,」 I said to him.________________________
c. Our teacher told us not to talk in class.
「____________________________, 「 our teacher said to us.
d. My mother told me ___ others when they are in trouble.
A. not to laugh at B. don』t laugh at C. not laugh at D. never laugh at
2. if 條件句 在一般將來時的句子里(指主句),時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句等的謂語動詞用一般現在時代替將來時。當主句含有情態動詞或主句為祈使句時,從句也用一般現在時。如:You must pay for it if you lose it.
附加疑問句
附加疑問句由「陳述句 + 附加疑問句」兩部分構成。一般有兩種形式:前肯後否或前否後肯。對附加疑問部分應注意以下幾點: 1)主語只能用人稱代詞;2)附加疑問句的not必須與(be /助/情)縮寫;3)附加疑問句的時態必須與陳述部分的時態一致。
Tom is a worker, isn』t Tom? (改錯) _______ You can swim, can not you? ( 改錯) ______
特別注意以下幾種反意疑問句
1.陳述部分含否定意味的詞如few,little,never,nothing,nobody,no,hardly,none,seldom等時,附加疑問句應使用肯定形式;但如果陳述句部分含有un-, in-, im-, dis-等否定前綴構成的派生詞時,該陳述句部分仍做肯定處理,疑問部分用否定形式。
He hardly speaks English, does he? They are unhappy, aren』t they?
2. this/that作主語時,無論是否指人,疑問部分用it;these/those用they。
This is your brother, isn』t it? Those are books,_______________?
3.陳述部分的主語如果是one, 疑問部分主語用one或he。One can』t be always young, can one/ he?
4.陳述部分的主語是everything, something, nothing, anything時,附加疑問句的主語應用it;陳述部分的主語是everybody, somebody, nobody, everyone, no one時,附加疑問句的主語應用they或he。
Everything is ready, ___________? Everyone is here, ____________?
5.陳述部分是祈使句時,附加疑問句一般用:will you? 但注意:
Let』s…(包括聽者在內), 附加疑問句一般用shall we? Let us/him/me …(不包括聽者在內), 附加疑問句一般用will you? Let』s go for a walk, shall we? Let him come in, will you?
6.陳述部分是there be結構時,應用be there?結構來完成。 There』s little water, _________?
7..陳述部分含that引導的賓語從句時,疑問部分通常與主句一致。但當主句陳述部分是」I / We think (believe, suppose) +賓語從句」時,附加問句應與從句一致。I』m sure + 賓語從句也是如此
1).She said I did it, _________? 2)We don』t think you are right,________?
3) I』m sure you』ll help me, ____________?
8.如果陳述部分是I am… , 附加疑問部分為aren』t I? I am older than you, __________?
9.陳述部分含had better, would like時, 疑問部分分別用hadn』t…?和wouldn』t…? You』d better go out , _______________? You』d like to go there, ____________________?
10.陳述部分是感嘆句,附加問句的人稱代詞應與主語一致,疑問部分用否定形式。 What a kind girl, isn』t she? What a fine day, ___________?
11.the+形容詞表示一類人,其附加疑問句主語用復數代詞。 The poor had no right to speak at that time, did they?
12. 由neither…nor,either… or , not only…but also , both…and , not…but,…or…, …and…等連接的並列主語,附加疑問部分用復數。
Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? Both Jack and Tom went there, didn』t they?
13.當陳述部分含有have to時,附加疑問部分的助動詞應根據have 的變化,分別用don』t, doesn』t, didn』t。 He has to take your advice, doesn』t he?
14.當陳述部分的主語是從句、不定式、動名詞或片語時,附加疑問部分的主語通常用it。 What he said at the meeting is very important, isn』t it? Swimming in rivers is a good sport, _____________?
15.當陳述部分含有wish時,附加疑問部分的助動詞用may。I wish to use your computer, may I?
16. 當陳述部分的謂語是「used to+動詞原形(過去常常干某事)」時,疑問部分用「didn』t+主語」或「usedn』t +主語」。 He used to live in London, didn』t he? / usedn』t he?
❼ 八年級英語上冊語法大全人教版 所有語法 所有單元
leavesbbyoneself獨自留下某人needn't=don'thaveto不需it's 形容詞 todosthmakesbdosth讓某人做某事letsbdosth讓某人做某事enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得開心tellsb(not)todosth告訴某人做某事asksb(not)todosth詢問某人做某事be(not) 形容詞 enouth todosthbe too 形容詞 todosthtakecareof=lookafter照顧each of固定搭配assoonas一……就want,agree,ask,begin,decided,listen,hope,learn以上詞語後跟todosthfinish,enjoy,keep,mind,miss,practise以上詞語後跟doingsthstop,forget,remember以上詞語後可跟todosth也可跟doingsth。比如「forgettodosth」意思是「忘記去做某事(表示事情還沒做)」,「forgetdoingsth」則表示「忘了做過某事(表示事情已經做了)」,如此類推,其餘兩個用法相同。seesbdoingsth看見某人正在做某事seesbdosth看見過某人做某事makeit 形容詞 todosthenjoy/help/teach oneself靠自己reach=getto=arrivein/at註:arrivein表示到達較大的地方,比如一個國家,一座城市等;arriveat表示到達較小的地方,如學校,電影院等。havebeento曾經去過某地(現在已經回來了)havebeenin一直在某地(現在仍在某地)havegoneto去了某地(現在正在去的途中,還沒回來)現在完成時:have(has) 動詞過去分詞lookforwordto 動詞ingdivededinto把……分成alittle=abitof一點點too……to 動詞原形現在完成時的動詞短語變化:began→beoncome/arrive→beherego/leave→beawaybuy→havedie→bedeadborrow→keepjoin→beamember(in)in 一段時間表示將來將來時表達形式:begoingtodosth=willdosth=bedoingsthdoone'sbest=tryone'sbest盡力去做某事afraidto 動詞afraidof 名詞usetodosth過去常做某事didn'tusetodo=usen'ttodo過去不做某事nolonger=notanylonger現在不做某事fillwith=befullof裝滿gotobed上床去睡覺gotosleep入睡fallasleep從上床到入睡的全過程(動態)beasleep睡著(靜態)on 具體某天的早上/下午/晚上makeoutof用……做出abit 形容詞abitof 名詞afew(用於可數名詞肯定句)few(用於可數名詞否定句)alittle(用於不可數名詞肯定句)little(用於不可數名詞否定句)many(用於可數名詞)much(用於不可數名詞)bit(可數與不可數兩者均可