『壹』 初中英語詳細知識點總結。詳細詳細初一初二初三
網路一下,注意,註明是哪個版本的,就可以了
『貳』 英語知識點好多怎麼歸納,從初一到初三。。
建議分類歸納復。
1、詞彙類,常用制動詞、名詞、形容詞、虛詞、實詞等。
2、片語類,按常用和一般分類,或者按26個英文字母排序整理。
3、優美句子類,匯總一下名言警句或者優美的句子,多朗誦記憶,並靈活運用。
4、多閱讀優美的文章,分析文章內詞彙,片語,句子結構,語法等,加強口語練習。
『叄』 初一到初三的英語歸納
初中英語句型整理 一、以形式主語it引導的句型。 句型1. It happened(chanced) that +clause. = sb. happened /chanced sth. = sb. did sth. by chance. 如: It happened that he was out when I got there. 當我到那兒時,碰巧他不在。=He happened to be out when I got there.= It chanced that he was out when I got there= He was out by chance when I got there. 句型2、It seems that sb. do/ be doing/ have done/ had done= Sb. seems to do/ be doing/ have done/ had done 如:(還有動詞appear可這樣使用) It seemed that he had been to Beijing before.好象你以去過北京。=He seemed to have been Beijing before. 句型3. It is / was+被強調的部分+that(who)+剩餘的部分.如: It wasn』t until he came back that I went to bed.直到他回來我才睡覺。(一定要注意被強調句型謂語動詞否定的轉移,及形式)。 It was because he was ill that he didn』t come to school today.只因為他有病了今天沒有來上學。(只能用because而不能用for, as 或since) It is I who am a student. 我確實是個學生。(句中am不能用are來代替。) 句型4、It is high time (time/ about time) (that) 主語+should do / did+其它。(注意從句中的謂語動詞用的是虛擬語氣) It is high time that we should go / went home.我們該回家了。 句型5、It is / was said ( reported…)+that+從句. 如: It was said that he had read this novel.據說他讀過這篇小說。=He was said to have read this novel. 句型6、It is impossible / necessary/ strange…that clause.(從句中的謂語用should+do / should have done,其形式是虛擬語氣。)如: It is strange that he should have failed in this exam.真奇怪,他這次考試沒有及格。 句型7、It is + a pity/ a shame…that clause.(注意從句中的謂語動詞用should do或should have done的形式,但should可以省略。)如: He didn』t come back until the film ended. It was a pity that he should have missed this film. 他直到電影結束才回來。他沒有看到這部電影真可惜。 句型8、It is suggested / ordered/ commanded /…that +clause.(從句的謂語動詞用should do, 但should可以省略。)如: It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.有人建議推遲會議。 句型9、It is/was+表示地點的名詞+where+從句。(注意本句不是強調句型,而是以where引導的定語從句。)如: It was this house where I was born.請比較:It was in this house that I was born. (後一句是強調句型。) 句型10、It is / was +表示時間的名詞+when+從句。(注意本句型也不是強調句型,而是以when引導的定語從句。)如: It was 1999 when he came back from the United States. 請比較:It was in 1999 that he came back from the United States. 句型11、It is well-known that+從句。如: It is well-known that she is a learned woman. 眾所周知,她是個知識淵博的婦女。 句型12、It is +段時間+since+主語+did. 請比較: It was +段時間+since+主語+had done. 如: It is five years since he left here.他已經離開這兒五年了。 It was five years since he left here.(同上) 句型13、It +謂語+段時間+before+主語+謂語.( before引導的是時間狀語從句。) 如: It wasn』t long before the people in that country rose up.沒有多久那個國家的人民就起義了。 It will be three hours before he comes back.三個小時之後他才能回來。 句型14、It is +形容詞+for+ sb.+ to do. 如: 2 初中英語句型整理 It is impossible for me to finish this work before tomorrow.我明天之前完成此工作是不可能的。 句型15、It is +(心理品質方面的)形容詞+of + sb. + to do. = 主語+ be +形容詞+to do.(常用的形容詞有:kind, stupid; foolish, good, wise等。)如: It is kind of you to help me.=You are kind to help me.你真好給我提供了幫助。 二、定語從句: 句型16、由as引導的非限定性的定語從句。如: As we have known, he is a most good student.眾所周知,他是個很好的學生。請比較:It is well-known that he is a most good student.(前一個是定語從句,而後者是個主語從句。) 句型17、由which引導的非限定性的定語從句。如: He is a professor, which I have been looking forward to becoming. 他是個教授,那是我一直盼望的職業。(因為先行詞professor是表示職業的名詞,因此引導詞用which,而不用who。(注意:關於which和as之間的比較請看語法的定語從句部分。) 句型18、由where, when引導的定語從句(其中包括限定性的或非限定性的。)如: This is the house where I used to come.請比較:This is the house which / that I used to come to. This is the day when I joined the Party.請比較:This is the day which / that I joined the Party on. 說明:關於that與which之間的區別,請看語法中的定語從句。 三、讓步狀語從句 句型19、No matter what / which / who / where / when / whose+從句,+主句。注意從句中的時態一般情況用一般現在時態。如: No matter what you do, you must do it well.請比較:Whatever you do, you must do it well. 無論你做什麼,一定要做好。 No matter where you go, please let me know.請比較:Wherever you go, please let me know.你無論去哪兒,請通知我。 說明:這兩種句型形式不同,而意義完全相同。 注意:I will tell whoever would like to read it. 句中的whoever不能用whomever來代替。因為它即作動詞tell的賓語,又作後面從句的主語。 四、條件狀語從句 句型20、When / So long as / As long as / Once +從句,+主句。(從句也可以放在主句之後。)如: As long as you give me some money, I will let you go.只要你給我一些錢,我就讓你走。 Once you have begun to learn English, you should learn it well. 一旦你開始學習英語,你應該把它學好。 句型21、主句+on condition that+從句。如: I will go with you on condition that you give me some money.我和你一起去的條件是你給我一些錢。 句型22、主句+unless+從句.(注意:由於unless本身是否定詞,所引導的從句的謂語動詞用肯定。)如: I will go there tomorrow unless it rains.我明天去那兒除非下雨。 句型23、祈使句,+and/ and then+主句。(注意:祈使句也可用一個名詞短語。)如: Use your head, and you will find a good idea.動腦筋想一想,你就會想出一個好主意。 Another word, and I will beat you.你再說一句,我就揍你。 句型24、If +necessary / impossible/ important等,+主句。如: If necessary, I will do it. 如果有必要的話,我來做此事。 五、原因狀語從句 句型25、主句+in case+從句。(in case表示以免)如: I will take my raincoat in case it rains.我要把雨衣帶上以免下雨。 句型26、主句+e to / because of / owning to / + the fact that +從句。如: He did not come to school because of the fact that he was ill.由於他有病了,所以沒有來上學。 六、時間狀語從句 句型27、When / While / As +從句,+主句。(關於它們之間的區別請看語法。)如: 3 初中英語句型整理 When I was in the country, I used to carry some water for you.當我在農村時,我常常給你打水。 句型28、主句+after / before +從句. 如: They hadn』t been married four months before they were devoiced.他們繪結婚不到四個月就離婚了。 We went home after we had finished the work.我們做完此工作就回家了。 句型29、主語+肯定謂語+until+從句(或時間).請比較: 主語+否定謂語+until+從句。如: I worked until he came back.我一直工作到他回來。 I didn』t worked until he came back.他回來我才開始工作。 句型30、As soon as / Immediately / Directly / Instantly / The moment / The instant / The minute +從句,+主句. 如: My father went out immediately I got home.我一到家,我父親就出去了。 句型31、No sooner +had + 主語+done…than +主語+did. 請比較: 主語+had + no sooner +done…than +主語+did. 如: No sooner had I got to Beijing than I called you.我一到北京就給你打電話了。 I had no sooner got to Beijing than I called you. 句型32、Hardly +had +主語+done…when / before + 主語+did.請比較:主語+had +hardly + done…when / before +主語+did. Hardly had she had supper when she went out. 她一吃完晚飯就出去了。 She had hardly had supper when she went out.
『肆』 中考英語初一至初三全程知識點總結及練習
中考總復習(第一輪)(一)
Book 1
Unit 1—5
語法:名詞、冠詞(見筆記)
基本句型及知識點
1.There be 句型 be動詞需要按照「就近原則」
Eg:there ____a girl and two boys in the room.
2.some、any的用法 都具有名詞和形容詞的性質,在句中都可用作主語、賓語或定語。作定語時他們都是既可修飾可數名詞也可修飾不可數名詞。
Some like sports,others like music.(作主語)。
I need paper, please give me some.作賓語).
Some 用於肯定句,當some用於疑問句表示希望得到對方肯定回答
Would you like some coffe?
Can you lend me some money?
any用於否定句或疑問句。
Is there any water in the glass?
修飾可數名詞用於肯定句,表「任何」
You can ask me any questions.
Some ,any 都可與of 連用,作主語或賓語。
3.In the tree on the tree
In the wall on the wall
4. thanks for doing sth
5. a photo of my family=my family photo
A photo of me=my photo
A friend of mine=my friend
6.take和bring的區別
Take 是往外拿,bring 往裡拿
7. a set of ….
8交際用語
一 、問候
(一)直接問候對方
1.問候語;
Hello./Hi
Good moring /afternoon/evening
How do you do?
How are you?
How are you doing?
How are you getting on?
How are things with you?
How is everything going?
2.應答語:
Hello./Hi
Good moring /afternoon/evening
How do you do?
I』m OK/fine./Very well,/…thanks.
Just so so.
Sure.
All right.
(二)請第二者向第三者表達問候
Please give my regards to sb.
Please give my best wishes to sb.
Please give my love to sb.
Say hello to sb
Plaese remember me to sb
Best regards/wishes to sb.
(三) 第二者代第一者向第三者轉達問候Sb, send sb』s regards/best wishes/love to you
二 、介紹
(一)介紹自己
My name is Jim/ I』m Jim.
I』m from …./ I come from…..
May I introce myself?
(二)向第二者介紹第三者
This is ……..
I』d like you to meet Bob
May I introce ……….
(三) 應答語
Hello! How do you do ? Nice to meet you.
三 、告別
( 一) 直接的告別辭
略
(二)委婉的告別辭
I』m sorry /afaid I have to go now.(I must be leaving now.)
(三)應答語
Good bye….. See you /soon / later
Let』s hope we』ll meet again,
Hope to see you again.
A pleasant journey to you.
I』ll miss you
四 、感謝
(一)感謝語
Thank you ,
Thank you for your help.
Thank you for helping me.
It』s very kind/nice of you..
It』s so kind/nice of you.
I appreciate(感謝) your help very much
Thank you all the same .
(二)應答語
It's a pleasure. My pleasure. It』s my pleasure.
That』s OK/all right.
Not at all. You』re welcome
Don』t mentiion it.
五 、道歉
(一) 道歉語
Sorry . Excuse me
I beg your pardon.
I』m sorry for losing your bag.
I』m sorry to interrupt you,.
I』m sorry that I』m late.
(二) 應答語
That』s all right./OK.
Never mind . It doesn』t matter.
It』s nothing. Forget it.
(一) 打電話用語
Hello. May I speak to Tom?
Hello. I』d like to speak to …
Is that ……speaking?
Extention six two two six,please?
Can I leave a message?
I』ll call back again/later.
I』ll ring him up again.
(二) 接電話用語
Hello,This is …speaking.
Hello,Who is that
Hold the line ,please
Hold on please.
Just a monment ,please
Hello,Who is speaking?
Sorry. He isn』t here right now.
Can I take a message?
Sorry. I can』t hear you.
The line is busy/bad.
I couldn』t get through.
Sorry . I』m afraid you have the wrong number.
You are wanted on the phone.
There』s a call for you .
Unit 6——10
語法:代詞
Can的用法
Can可表示能力、允許、客觀可能性,或用於否定句和疑問句中表示懷疑、猜測、驚異等態度。
Can you drive a car ? No , I can』t
Wood can be made into paper.
You can go now.
That can』t be true.
Can 在表示能力時和be able to意思相同,但be able to用於不同的時態,can只有現在時和過去時
Could作為can的過去式,可以表示能力、允許、客觀可能性、懷疑、猜測、驚異等態度。但是他還可以表示委婉地提出問題或陳述看法
Could you tell me…….
How much is it?=what』s the price of it?
Running star
Lots of healthy food
For +三餐
We have sweaters in all colors for +價格
Be on sale for +價格
When is your birthday?
My birthday is …..
What year were you born?
I was born in ……
My father often goes to movies with me=My father and I often go to the movies.
片語:date of birth speech contest
School Day Art Festival go to a movie
See a film Learn a lot about For the same reason at a good price for 8 dollars all the other…
Tell sb (not ) to do sth. Tell sb about sth tell the truth tell sb a joke=tell a joke to sb tell a lie tell a story wanted for
be good with be good to be good for
be good at help with
購物
(一) 售貨員用語
Can /May I help you?
What can I do for you?
How many /much would you like ?
What color /size /kind would you like?
What about this one?
Here』s your change.
(二) 顧客用語
I want /I』d like a pair of shoes.
How much is it ?/are they?
May I try it on?
It』s too big /small.
Sorry . it』s too expensive.
Do you have any other colors /sizes/ kinds?
Two and a half kilos /pounds,please.
That』s fine . I』ll take it.
Just have a look.
Well, I』ll think about it.
Unit 11---12
語法:時間的表示法:
1.表示幾點鍾 用基數詞 2:00 two (o』clock)
2:10 two ten
2.表示幾點過幾分(在30分鍾以內)用介詞past
2:05 five past two 7:30 half past seven
3.表示幾點差幾分(在30分鍾以上)用介詞to
4:57 three to five 6:50 ten to seven
4.一刻鍾用quarter 3:15 a quarter past three
4:45 a quarter to five
感嘆句:
1. What (a /an ) +adj + n. +主語+謂語+其他!
2. How+adj/adv+主語+謂語+其他!
What a beautiful girl she is! What fine weather ! What silly questions they asked!
What a lovely day (it is)!
How fast he is running!
What a funny time to eat breakfast!
基本句型及知識點:
What time ( when) do you usually go to bed?
What time does he go to school?
He works very long hours.
What』s your favorite+n. =what +n.+do you like best?
What time is it ?=what』s the time ( by your watch)?
At+時刻 on+具體日期 in + 年、月、周、世紀
短語: have a shower have lunch go/get to work put on take the bus to +sw all night the early morning on TV the last one to do sth
School starts at best wishes write soon
What』s the English for this?=what』s this in English?
be strict with sb ( in sth) after school
finish doing sth practise doing sth
like to do like doing
Get短語小結get about(1)走動(2)(消息)傳開
get across(使)被了解,(將...)講清楚
get ahead獲得成功,取得進展
get along(1)前進,進展(2)(with)與...相處(融洽)(3)過活,生活
get around(1)見get about(2)克服,設法迴避(問題等)(3)(to)抽時間來做(或考慮)
get at(1)夠得著,觸及(2)意思是(3)查明,發現(4)指責
get away(1)走開,離開(2)逃脫(3)(with)做了壞事而逃脫責罰
get back(1)(to)回來,回到(2)取回,恢復(3)(at)對...報復
get by(1)通過(2)過得去,(勉強)過活
get down(1)(從...)下來(2)寫下(3)使沮喪(4)(to)開始著手
get in(1)進入,抵達(2)收獲(莊稼) 收集(3)(with)對...親近
get into(1)對...發生興趣(2)捲入(3)(使)進入
get off(1)(從...)下來(2)動身,出發(3)結束(工作),下班(4)逃脫懲罰
get on(1)登上(車,船,飛機等)(2)(to)轉入(某一話題)(3)(with)與...相處(融洽)(4)進展,過活(5)(with)繼續
get out(1)(使)離去,退出(2)(消息等)泄露(3)生產,出版
get over(1)從(疾病,失望等)中恢復過來(2)克服,解決(問題等)(3)將...講清楚
get through(1)幹完,完成(2)度過(時間)(3)(使)通過(考試),(使)(議案等)獲得通過(4)(將...)講清楚(5)打通電話
get up 起身 起床
get home 到家
get everything ready 把一切都准備好
get ready for (=be ready for) 為……作好准備
get on (well) with 與……相處(融洽)
get rid of 除掉,去除
get to 到達
get there 到達那裡
『伍』 初一到初三英語語法知識點 ,求
給你些圖片,看不清可以放大,有關英語
『陸』 初一學到初三的英語語法有哪些
語法知識是在掌握一定量的單詞和短語的基礎上才能獲得的。因此,單詞的形態變化是語法學習的基礎之基礎。而九種基本時態和含有不復雜的狀語從句及賓語從句的復合句是初中畢業班學生學習的重點也是語法學習的難點。總之,語法部分是英語學習的重點和難點。語法知識掌握得好,將大大加快英語學習的進程。本文歸納了詞法、九種基本時態以及初中生需要掌握五種基本從句。希望對廣大初三生們有所幫助。
一. 詞法
1.名詞
1.1 名詞的可數與不可數
可數名詞指表示的人或事物可以用數來計量,它有單數與復數兩種形式。不可數名詞指所表示的事物不能用數來計量。物質名詞與抽象名詞一般無法用數目,來統計,都成為不可數名詞。
不可數名詞前一般不能用冠詞a、an來表示數量,沒有復數形式。要表示「一個……」這一概念,就須加a piece of這一類短語。要注意許多名詞在漢語里看來是可數名詞,在英語里卻不可數。如:chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。
1.2 名詞復數的規則變化
A.一般情況下加-s。
B.以s, x, ch, sh, 結尾的加-es
C.以輔音字母加y結尾的改y為i再加-es
D.以f,fe結尾的,去掉f或fe,變成v再加-es
1.3 名詞的所有格
A.單數名詞詞尾加』s,復數名詞詞尾若沒有s,也要加』s。
如:the worker's bike,the Children』 s ball
B.表示幾個人共有一樣東西,只需在最後一個人的名字後加』 s若表示各自所有,則需在各個名字後』 s。
如: This is Lucy and Licy』 s room.
These are Kate's and jack』 s rooms.
C. 如果是通過在詞尾加—s構成的復數形式的名詞,只加』。
如:the students』 books,the girls』 blouses
(另外:名詞+of+名詞名詞是有生命的,我們就用』s結構來表示所有關系。如果名詞所表示的事物是無生命的,我們就要用名詞+of+名詞的結構來表示所有關系。)
2.代詞:
人稱代詞,物主代詞,反身代詞,指示代詞,不定代詞
2.1 人稱代詞
第一人稱單數
I me my mine myself
復數 we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱
單數 you you your yours yourself
復數 you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱
單數 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
復數 they them their theirs themselves
2.2 物主代詞
物主代詞的用法:
形容詞性物主代詞後面一定要跟上一個名詞。
名詞性物主代詞可作主語、表語、賓語。
2.3 反身代詞
反身代詞的構成分兩種:第一、二人稱反身代詞在形容詞:性物主代詞後加上self或selves,第三人稱的反身代詞在賓格代詞後加上self或selves.
反身代詞的用法:一種是作賓語,由主語發出的動作又回到動作者本身。
如:I enjoyed myself at the party.另一種是作名詞或代詞的同位語;用來加強語氣。如:I
can do it myself.
2.4 指示代詞
指示代詞的特殊用法:
(1)為了避免重復,可用that,those代替前面提到過的名詞,但是this,these不可以。
(2)this,that有時可代替句子或句子中的一部分。
2.5 不定代詞
one,some,any,other,another,all,both,each,neither,many,much等
3.冠詞
3.1不定冠詞an用在母音讀音開頭(不是指母音字母)的詞前,其餘用不定冠詞a.
3.2 定冠詞的基本用法
A.用在重新提到的人或事物前面。
B. 指談話雙方都知道的人或事物前面。
C用在單數可數名詞前面,表示某一類人或事物。
3.3 定冠詞的特殊用法
A.用在世界上獨一無二的事物或方位名詞前。
B. 用在序數詞、形容詞的最高級及only所修飾的名詞前。
C用在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱前面。
D.用在由普通名詞和另外一些詞所構成的專有名詞前面。
E.用在姓氏的復數形式前面,表示全家人或這一姓的夫婦二人。
F.用在樂器名稱前。
G. 和某些形容詞連用,表示某一類人或事物。
3.4 名詞前不用冠詞的情況
A. 在專有名詞 (包括人名、地名、節日、月份、季節) 、物質名詞和抽象名詞前—般不用冠詞。但在以Festival組成的民間節日前要加the。
B. 表示一類人或事物的復數名詞前。
C. 名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾時,不用冠詞。
D. 三餐飯、球類、棋類、游戲名稱前一般不用冠詞。正在有些片語中,有無冠詞含義不同。
(sit) at table就餐; sit at the table坐在桌邊
go to school去上學;go to the school去那所學校;in hospital住院;in the hospital在那個醫院里
4.數詞
4.1 數字的表示
三位數數詞要在百位和十位(若無十位則和個位)之間加and。
1,000以上的數字,從後向前第三位數加一個「,」,第一個「,」前為thousand,第二個「,」前為million,第三個「,」前為billion。
4.2 序數詞除了first,second,third外,其餘都在基數詞尾加-th構成。
4.3分數分子在前,分母在後,分子用基數詞,分母用序數詞,當分子大於1小時,分母序數詞要變成復數。
4.4 Hundreds(thousands,millions)of……
5.形容詞、副詞
5.1 形容詞的位置
(1)形容詞作定語一般要放在名詞前面,但當形容詞修飾不定代詞something,nothing,anything時要放在所修飾的不定代詞之後。如:something important,nothing serious。
(2)當形容詞帶有表示度量的詞或片語作定語或表語時,定語或表語要後置。如:
We have g a hole two meters deep.
The hole is about two metres deep.
5.2 形容詞的比較等級
(1) 單音節詞和少數雙音節詞,在詞尾加—(e)r,—(e)st來構成比較級和最高級。其他雙音節
詞和多音節詞,在前面加more,most來構成比較級和最高級。如:
popular———more popular———most popular
important—more important—most important
5.3 副詞比較級的構成
(1) 單音節副詞和個別雙音節副詞通過加-er,-est來構成比較級和最高級。
(2) 絕大多數副詞藉助more,most來構成比較級和最高級。
(3) 少數副詞的不規則變化:
原級 比較級 最高級
well —— better —— best
badly —— worse —— worst
much —— more —— most
little —— less —— least
far —— farther —— farthest
farthest furthest
late —— later —— latest
(4) 副詞的最高級前面可以不加定冠詞the。
(5) 常用句型有like A better than B和like A(the)best of(in)…
其餘變化和形容詞類似。
6.介詞
6.1 表示時間的介詞及介詞短語?
in, at, on, before,after,till,since,for, fromto, until, by,in the middle of,at the beginning of, at the end of,at half past five,at night,in a week,in the morning,in class,at sunrise, in spring/summer/autumn/winter,on Sunday,on Saturday afternoon,on a winter evening,for a long time,for two months,after school,since liberation,before lunch,at the time of,at the age of。
6.2 表示地點的介詞及介詞短語?
in,at,into,to,on,beside,before,behind,above,under,outside,inside,up,from,far,from,near,across, off, down, among, past,between,out of,around,in the front of, in the middle of, at the back of,at the foot of,at home,at the gate,at the table,in the sky, on the ground,in a tree, in the south,in the sun,in the bed,on one』s way home,by the side of。
二.九種基本時態
1.一般現在時
概念: 表示經常發生的動作或經常存在的狀態。
常和 always , often , usually , sometimes , every day 等表時間的狀語連用。
如:1) I go to school every day . 我每天都去學校。(表經常)
2) He is always like that . 他總是那樣。 (表狀態)
構成: 1) 主語 + be (am / are / is ) +……
2) 主語 + 實義動詞 + …
2.一般過去時
概念: 1) 表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態.
常和表示過去的時間狀語連用. 如: yesterday , last week , in 1998 , two days ago等.
如: I went to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一場電影.
2) 也可表示過去經常或反復發生的動作.
如: He always went to work by bike last week.
構成: 1) 主語 + be (was / were ) +……
2) 主語 + 實義動詞過去式 +
3.現在進行時
概念: 表示現在(說話瞬間)正在進行或發生的動作.
如: He is singing.
They are watching TV now.
構成: 主語 + 助動詞be(am/are/is) + 動詞-ing形式構成.
4.過去進行時
概念: 表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作. 這一特定的過去時間除了有上下文暗示外,一般用時間狀語來表示.
如: 1) ---What were you doing?
---I was jumping.
2) ---What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived?
---He was sleeping.
構成: 主語 + 助動詞be(was/were) + 動詞-ing形式構成.
5.一般將來時
概念: 表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態,也表示將來經常或反復發生的動作,常與表示將來的時間狀語連用,如: tomorrow, next week, next year, in the future等.
如: He will go shopping tomorrow.
They are going to play basketball next week.
構成: 1) 主語 + 助動詞will + 動原 +…
2) 主語 + be going to + 動原 + ….
6.過去將來時
概念: 表示在過去將來的某一時間發生的動作或存在的狀態.
構成: 1) 主語(第一人稱) + 助動詞should + 動原 +…
2) 主語 + would + 動原 + ….
3) 主語 + was/ were going to +動原…
用法: 過去將來時除了上下文暗示外,一般常用在間接引語中,主句謂語動詞為過去時態.
如: 1) I should go.
2) You knew I would come.
3) They were going to Naning.
7.現在完成時
構成: 主語 + 助動詞 ( have / has ) + 動詞過去分詞 +…
用法 例句
表示過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果. ---Have you had your lunch yet?
---Yes, I have. (現在我不餓了)
8.現在完成進行時
概念: 表示從過去某一時間開始持續到現在的動作.這一動作可能是剛剛開始,也可能仍在繼續,並可能延續到將來.
構成: 主語 + 助動詞 (have / has ) + been + 動詞-ing +…
如: 1. I have been sitting here for an hour.
2. She has been collecting stamps for about 6 years.
9.過去完成時
構成: 主語 + 助動詞 had + 動詞過去分詞 +…
用法 例句
表示過去在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了的動作.它表示的動作發生的時間是」過去的過去」.表示過去某一時間可用by, before 等構成的短語,也可用when, before, 等引導的從句或者通過上下文表示.
I had finished my homework when my mom came back home.
三.基本從句
從句的共同特點
從句是指在一個句子中充當一個成分的句子,充當什麼成分就叫什麼從句,如:充當賓語就叫賓語從句,充當定語成分就叫定語從句。
從以上定義中我們可以得出關於從句的一個最大特點:從句是句子。
從句的共同特點:1.從句都有自己的連接詞 2.從句都是陳述語序(陳述語序就是主語在前,謂語在後,如:He is a teacher主語 He 在謂語is之前,因此是陳述語序,而Is he a teacher? 主語 He 在謂語is之後,因此不是陳述語序。)
1.賓語從句
賓語從句是指在一個句子中充當賓語的句子,如:He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.
賓語從句的特點:
①賓語從句有自己的連接詞
②賓語從句用陳述語序
③賓語從句的時態
①賓語從句的連接詞:賓語從句的連接詞包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑問詞。
②賓語從句的語序;
A.賓語從句的連接詞後加陳述語序(主語在前,謂語在後),如:I want to know if he can come tomorrow
B.當連接詞本身又是賓語從句的主語時,後面直接加謂語動詞,如:She asked me who had helped him.
③賓語從句的時態,只要記住以下口訣就可以了「主現則從任,主過則從過,客觀真理一般現」
A.主現則從任:主句如果是一般現在時,則從句根據時間狀語需要從八種時態中任選一種,如:1.He tells me he likes English very much(一般現在時)
B.主過則從過:主句如果是一般過去時,則從句根據時間狀語需要從四種帶「過」字的時態中任選一種,帶「過」字的時態分別是如:一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時,過去完成時。
如:He told me that he liked playing football(一般過去時)
C.客觀真理一般現:客觀真理永遠用一般現在時。
如:1.He says the moon goes around the earth.
2.狀語從句
2.1 時間狀語從句:在一個句子中作時間狀語的句子。
時間狀語的連接詞:when(當…時候) while(當…時候) as(當…時候) after(在…以後) before(在…以前) as soon as(一…就) since(自從…到現在) till /until(直到…
才) by the time(到…為止)依舊是連接詞後加陳述語序。
舉例:when當…的時候(一般情況下主句是將來時的時候,從句要用一般現在時。)
Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.
2.2 原因狀語從句:在一個句子中作原因語的句子。
連接詞:由連詞because, since, as引導, 也可由for, now that 等詞引導。
舉例:I didn』t go to school yesterday because I was ill.
2.3 條件狀語從句
連接詞:if如果, unless (=if not) 除非。(讓步)
舉例:If it doesn』t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
2.4 目的、結果狀語從句
目的狀語從句是指在一個句子中充當目的狀語的句子。
結果狀語從句是指在一個句子中充當結果狀語的句子
目的狀語從句連接詞so that, so…that , in order that 引導。
結果狀語從句連接詞 so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引導。
舉例:so…that 如此…以至於
The scientist』s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.
2.5 讓步狀語從句
讓步狀語從句是指在句子中作讓步的狀語的句子
連接詞: though, although.,whether…or not
舉例:Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
3.no matter從句
結構:"no matter +特殊疑問詞疑問詞+陳述語序" 或"特殊疑問詞+後綴ever+陳述語序"
如:No matter what happened, he would not mind.
注意:no matter 不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。
4.定語從句
定語是指在句子中用來修飾名詞、代詞的成分
如:I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.(中beautiful就是定語)
定語從句是指在一個句子中作定語的句子,定語從句要放在所修飾的詞後
如:I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.
定語從句的連接詞:
連接代詞:who、which、whom、whose、that
連接副詞:when、where、why
5.名詞性從句
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句。名詞從句的功能相當於名詞片語, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類:
連接詞: that, whether ,if (不充當從句的任何成分)
連接代詞:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which
連接副詞:when, where, how, why
如:That she was chosen made us very happy.
『柒』 初一至初三所有英語語法現象 筆記
初一:
一、形容詞與副詞:
1、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級:
(1)形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級的構成。a.規則變化;b.不規則變化;
a.規則變化:
一般是加er和 est
b.不規則變化:
1)當有y結尾的,改y為i加er和est
2)當有重讀的閉音節時(如big是閉音節,而且重讀,一般是單音節,少數是雙音節)時,雙寫末尾字母再加er和est
3)大多數雙音節詞和所有多音節詞,在前面加more和most
4)特殊詞有特殊的比較級和最高級
good-better-best
bad-worse-worst
hit-hit-hit
(2)形容詞副詞的比較級和最高級的用法;
1. -Which is ____ season in Beijing?(2003年)
-I think it's autumn.
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
解析:正確答案為D。該題的核心詞為season。根據比較級與最高級的知識,兩者之間用比較級,而三者或三者以上用最高級,北京有四季,因此本題應選擇最高級。又因為形容詞最高級前要加定冠詞the,因此答案為D。
2. - Which is__________ , the sun, the moon or the earth?(2004年)
-- Of course, the moon is.
A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest
解析:正確答案為D。該題的核心詞在第一句句尾,"the sun, the moon or the earth",提問的對象為三者,應該選擇最高級。
3. The air in Beijing is getting much _____ now than a few years ago.(2005年)
A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest
解析:正確答案為B。該題的核心詞為than,than一詞是比較級的標志。
4. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _____ than before.(2005年)
A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest
解析:正確答案為B。該題與第三題相似,核心詞為than。
(3)「as+形容詞/副詞原型+as」和「so+形容詞/副詞原型+as」的用法。
as + 形容詞或副詞原級 + as
1)在否定句或疑問句中可用so… as.
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
補充知識:
2)當as… as 中間有名詞時採用以下格式。
as +形容詞+ a +單數名詞
as + many/much +名詞
This is as good an example as the other is.
I can carry as much paper as you can……
1)用表示倍數的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時,放在as的前面。
This room is twice as big as that one.
Your room is the same size as mine.
2)倍數+ as + adj. + as <=> 倍數+ then + of
This bridge is three times as long as that one.
This bridge is three times the length of that one.
Your room is twice as large as mine.
Your room is twice the size of mine.
比較級形容詞或副詞 + than
You are taller than I.
They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.
注意:
1)要避免重復使用比較級。
(錯)He is more cleverer than his brother.
(對)He is more clever than his brother.
(對)He is clever than his brother.
2)要避免將主語含在比較對象中。
(錯)China is larger that any country in Asia.
(對)China is larger than any other countries in Asia.
3)要注意對應句型,遵循前後一致的原則。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
4)要注意冠詞的使用,後有名詞的時候,前面才有可能有名詞。
比較:
Which is large,Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country,Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
二、冠詞:
冠詞是虛詞,本身不能單獨使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義。英語中的冠詞有三種,一種是定冠詞(the Definite Article),另一種是不定冠詞(the Indefinite Article),還有一種是零冠詞(Zero Article)。
1、不定冠詞的用法;
不定冠詞a (an)與數詞one 同源,是"一個"的意思。a用於輔音音素前,一般讀作[e],而an則用於母音音素前,一般讀做[en]。
1) 表示"一個",意為one;指某人或某物,意為a certain。
A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.
2) 代表一類人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with.
Mr. Smith is an engineer.
補充: 片語或成語。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a
hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden
2、定冠詞的用法;
定冠詞the與指示代詞this,that同源,有"那(這)個"的意思,但較弱,可以和一個名詞連用,來表示某個或某些特定的人或東西。
1)特指雙方都明白的人或物:
Take the medicine. 把葯吃了。
2)上文提到過的人或事:
He bought a house. I've been to the house.
他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。
3)指世上獨一物二的事物:
the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth
4)單數名詞連用表示一類事物,如:the dollar 美元;
the fox 狐狸;或與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類人:the rich 富人; the living
生者。
5)用在序數詞和形容詞最高級,及形容詞only, very, same等前面:
Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二層。
That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的東西。
6)與復數名詞連用,指整個群體:
They are the teachers of this school.指全體教師)
They are teachers of this school. (指部分教師)
7)表示所有,相當於物主代詞,用在表示身體部位的名詞前:
She caught me by the arm.. 她抓住了我的手臂。
8)用在某些由普通名詞構成的國家名稱、機關團體、階級、等專有名詞前:
the People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國
the United States 美國
9)用在表示樂器的名詞之前: She plays the piano. 她會彈鋼琴。
10) 用在姓氏的復數名詞之前,表示一家人: 給分哈
『捌』 初一至初三英語的全部語法
買一本《五年中考三年模擬》吧,是本好教材,講的很詳細,我中考時用的就是他