『壹』 急求初三上學期英語語法：詳細點的
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『貳』 初三英語語法點
獨立主格結構
獨立主格結構由名詞或代詞加上其他成分(分詞、不定式、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語)構成。
獨立主格結構沒有主語和謂語，所以在語法上不是句子。但多有名詞或代詞表示的邏輯主語，分詞或不定式表示的邏輯謂語，有時還有其他修飾成分。(判斷一個結構是否是句子的標准就是看看這個結構是否有謂語動詞。)這種結構通常在句子中起方式、時間、原因、條件等狀語或狀語從句的作用，主要用於書面語。使用動詞非謂語形式的獨立主格結構可以改為句子形式(從句):獨立主格結構加上連詞，非謂語動詞改為謂語動詞形式，這樣就成為從句了。
例如:
Today being Sunday, the library isn' t open.今天星期天，圖書館不開放。
(原因)改為從句:
As (Since) today is Sunday, the library isn' t open.
例如:
There being no buses，we had to take a taxi. 沒有汽車了，我們只好坐計程車了。
Because there were no buses, we had to take a taxi.
The signal given，the bus started.信號發出後，公共汽車就啟動了。
(時間)改為從句:
After the signal was given, the bus started.
The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，sword in hand.少年跟那個人到這里，並爬了進來，手裡拿著劍。
The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，and had a sword in his hand.
The mid-term examination is over, the end-of-term examination to come two months later.期中考試結束了，兩個月之後進行期末考試.
The mid-term examination is over, and the end-of-term examination is to come two months later.
Weather permitting, we' 11 visit the Great Wall.如果天氣允許的話，我們就去參觀長城。
If weather permits, we' 11 visit the Great Wall.
The boy followed that man here, and climbed in, sword in hand.少年跟那個人到這里，並爬了進來，手裡拿著劍。(伴隨狀語)
上文例句中sword in hand是由「名詞+介詞短語」構成，表示伴隨的情況。這種表示伴隨情的獨立主格結構，有時可以用with引出，二者的意思是一樣的，with結構更加口語話，更加常用。
She left the office with tears in her eyes.她眼裡含著淚水，離開了辦公室。
The teacher walked into the classroom, with a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.老師胳膊底下挾著一把尺子，手裡拿著幾本書，走進了教室。
The teacher walked into the classroom. He was holding a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.
Tian' anmen Square looks magnificent with all the lights on.華燈齊放，天安門廣場顯得美麗動人。
With the boy leading the way, we found his house with no difficulty.由這孩子領路，我們毫不費勁地找到他的家。
With him to give us a lead, our team is bound to turn out well.有他給我們帶頭，我們對一定能搞好。
1、指出下列句子中的獨立主格結構:
1) My work having been finished, I went home.
---My work having been finished
2)The woman sat smiling, surrounded by her flowers, a faraway look in her eyes.
---A faraway look in her eyes
3) My watch having been lost, I didn' t know what time it was.
---My watch having been lost
4) He came into the room, his face red with cold.
--- his face red with cold
5) There an elderly patient was sitting in her wheelchair alone, head bowed, her back to most of the others.
--- Head bowed. her back to mast of the others
6) A man came in, his face hidden by an upturned coat collar and a cap pulled law over his brow.
--- His face hidden by an upturned…….
用獨立主格結構改正下列句子:
1) Being cold, he put on his overcoat.
---It being cold, …
2) Being no bus, we had to walk home.
--- There being no bus, ...
3) Getting colder, same birds are flying away to the south.
--- It getting colder, ...
4) Being ill, Mr. Li taught the lesson in place of Mr. Wang.
--- Mr. Wang being ill, Mr. Li taught..
5) Asia is the largest continent, being about 43 million square kilometer.
---…，its size (area) being about 43….
用獨立主格結構將括弧內的漢語譯成英語填空:
1)Bing Bing entered the room, _____ (手裡拿著一個大蘋果).
---- (with) a big apple in his hand.
2) _____(下課了)，the children ran out of the class room.
---The class being over
3） The little girl waited at the bus stop for a long time, _____(鼻子凍得通紅).
---her nose red with cold
4) Here comes the Shanghai train, _____ (從福州來的火車)
---the Fuzhou train to come half an hour later.
5) He was doing his homework._____ (他的父親坐在旁邊)
6) ____(誰也沒有什麼可說的), the meeting was closed.
-----Nobody having any more to say
一致
英語的一致有三種:主謂一致，代詞一致，肯定與否定一致
一、主語與謂語的一致
英語語法要求，主語如果是單數，謂語動詞也要用單數形式;主語若是復數，謂語動詞也要用復數形式
例如:
She likes to eat well.她好吃
We all like good food.我們都喜歡好飯菜。
Everybody was happy with the decision. 人人都對這個決定感到高興。
I am a doctor.我是個醫生。
二、概念一致
1. And連接的兩個或多個單數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數形式
His opinion and mine are different他的觀點和我的是不同的。
Bob and Peter are deadly rivals. Bob和peter是死對頭。
What she says and what she does are totally different. 她說的和做的完全不同。
但是如果and連接的是指一個單一概念時，謂語動詞用單數。
Bread and milk has been my breakfast for years. 牛奶麵包多年來一直是我的早餐。
Her lawyer and old friend is going to marry her.她的律師和老朋友要娶她。
All this effort and sacrifice has come to nothing. 所有這些努力和犧牲都白費了。
由and連接的單數主語分別有many a，ever y，each，no修飾時，動詞用單數。
如：During the holidays, every train and every plane was crowded.假期期間每列火車及每架飛機都非常擁擠。
No boy and no girl has the right to refuse ecation. 男孩和女孩都沒有拒絕教育的權利。
Man a man and man a woman was moved b this picture。許多男男女女都被這幅畫感動。
2.如果主語是一個抽象概念(如不定式、動名詞、主語從句等)謂語動詞用單數形式。如果主語是用and連接的兩個或多個抽象概念，謂語動詞用復數形式。
如：Swimming jogging and cycling are all goad farms of sports exercises.游泳、慢跑和騎自行車都是很好的運動形式。
To live to eat is not a very goad attitude toward life. 活著就是為了吃不是好的生活態度。
To live to eat and to eat to live are very different attitudes toward life.
以what，who，why，haw, whether等wh一詞引起的從句做主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數;由and連接的兩個主句如果指兩件事，動詞用復數。
例如:What he is doing is not clear yet他在干什麼還不清楚
What he is doing and whether I know him are two different things.他在干什麼和我是否認識他是兩件不同的事。
What she told me is none of your business. 她和我說的什麼用不著你管。
What she told me and what she told you are totally different things.
以what從句為主語的「主一系一表SVC"句型中，如果主句的表語是復數，主句謂語動詞用復數形式;what從句本身是復數意義，主句謂語動詞也可用復數。
如：What I need buy now are four tea cups and a pair of sports shoes.
我需要買的是四隻茶杯和一雙運動鞋。
What were thought to be five dogs were actually five sheep.
被認為是五條狗的東西實際上是五隻羊。
3.集體名詞family，class，crew(全體船員或機組人員)，crowd, group, committee, audience, government, public, team, staff, population等做主語時，若作為一個整體看待，後面謂語動詞用單數; 如就其中每一個成員來考慮時，則用復數。
例如: My family is a big one.我家人多。
My family are all music lovers. 我全家人都愛好音樂。
Eighty percent of China' s population are peasants. 百分之八十的中國人口是農民。
China has a huge population. 中國有眾多的人口。
The population of China is the largest in the world. 中國的人口是世界上最多的。
People, police, cattle,(牛)，militia(民兵)，poultry(家禽)，vermin(害出)等作主語時，後面的動詞要用復數。
如：There were many people waiting outside. 有許多人在外面等著。
The police are searching far the murderer. 警察在搜捕兇手。
The cattle are grazing in the fields. 一群牛在田野里吃草。
Foliage(樹葉)，machinery(機械)，equipment(設備) ,furniture(傢具)，merchandise(商品)等通常做不可數名詞，動詞用單數，
如:The merchandise has arrived undamaged滴品已經到達，毫無損壞。
All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 本工廠里的所有機械都是中國製造的，
4.不定代詞either，neither，ever y，each，one，the other, another以及所有的復合不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞只用單數，包括「every/each/no……and every/each/no……」作主語時。
如：Every/Each plane and every/each pilot is ready to take off.
每架飛機和每個飛行員都已准備好起飛。
No plane and no pilot is ready to take off.
沒有一架飛機、沒有一個飛行員已准備好起飛。
Here are two books. Either of them is worth reading.
這有兩本書，都值得一讀。
Neither of these two dictionaries contains this ward.
這兩本詞典都沒收入這個字
Everyone is here. No one is absent. 大家都到了，沒有人缺席。
Somebody is using the phone. 有人在用電話。
I have two sisters. One is here, and the other is not here.
我有兩個姐妹，一個在這兒，一個不在這兒。
Each day is better than the one before. 一天比一天好。
Either day is OK. 兩天中哪一天都行。
5. what，who，which，any，mare，some，half，mast，all，none.等代詞可以是單數，也可以是復數，主要靠意思決定。但指不可數名詞時作單數看待。
例如：Which is your book? Which are your books?
Here' s same mare (coffee). Here' re same more (tomatoes).
None of the books are/is easy enough for us.
Most of Most of
All of All of
Some of The money was stolen Some of The member was there.
Half of Half of
None of None of
Two thirds of Two third of
由Many a或mare than one所修飾的詞做主語時，意義上雖然是復數，但謂語動詞用單數形式。none在代表不可數的東西時總是看作單數.
如：Many a person is far his plan. 很多人贊成他的計劃。
Mare than one people is against his plan. 不止一個人反對他的計劃。
6.表示時間、重量、長度、價值等的單位名詞，盡管是復數形式，如果作整體看待，動詞都用單數形式。如果看作組成該數量的一個一個的個體，則動詞用復數。
如：Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 走二十英里可是很長的一段路。
Ten years is a long time。十年很長。
Eight minutes is enough. 八分鍾夠了。
Twelve dollars is too dear. 十二美圓太貴了。
There are six silver dollars in each of the stacking. 每隻襪子里有六個一美元的銀幣。
7. 「the+形容詞」表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復數。表示抽象概念或指個別事物時謂語動詞用單數。
如：The old are well taken care of. 老人得到很好的照顧。
The beautiful is laved by all. 人人都愛美，
The difficulty we do at once. The impassible takes a little loner.
困難的事情我們馬上做。不可能的事情需要稍微長一點的時間。
還有the unknown(未知的事物)，the unexpected(出乎意料的事)，等等。
8. 如果主語由"a kind/sort/type of this kind/sort/type of +名詞」組成，不管名詞是單數還是復數，動詞通常用單數。
如：This kind of man annoys me. =This kind of men annoys me. 這種人讓我煩。
This kind of apple is very expensive. = This kind of apples is…這種蘋果很貴。
類似的還有:a portion of(一部分)，a series of(一系列)，a pile of(一堆)，a panel of (一個小組委員會)，
如：A series of accidents has happened here. 這里發生過一系列事故。
9. Means作「方法、手段」講時，單復數同形，其前面有each, every, neither, either,等單數a念的定語時，謂語動詞用單數;若有all, both，these等復數概念的定語時謂語動詞用復數。
「None of the means」作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數。
如：There is/are no means of learning what is happening. 沒法知道正在發生什麼事。
No means is /are left untried. 沒有沒試過的方法了。
Every means is to an end. 每一種手段都能達到一種目的。
A bicycle is a means of transport. 自行車是一種交通手段。
All possible means have/Every possible means has been tried.所有的方法都試過了。
三、就近一致
1.當主語由either...... or. neither...... nor , not only ...... but(also) 或or連接時，謂語動詞通常和最臨近的那個主語一致。
例如：Either you or he is to do the work. 不是你就是他來做這件事。
Not only you but also Tom often comes late to class. 不光是你，湯姆上課也遲到。
Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
孩子們和老師都不知道這件事。
2.當there be結構後面有並列主語時，謂語也和最臨近的那個一致。
如：There is a dictionary and many books on the table.
桌子上有一本詞典和許多本書。
There' re ten chairs and a table in the house.
屋子裡有十把椅子和一張桌子。
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and same paper far you.
這兒有一支筆，幾個信封和一些紙給你。
這種就近一致的情況在非正式文體中越來越普遍。但在下列情況不提倡模訪。
如：Where is your mother and sisters?
你媽媽和你姐妹到哪兒去了?
Is your sister and her husband coming to see you?
你姐姐和姐夫要來看你嗎?
One in ten are expected to take part in the contest.
預計每十個人就有一個要來參加這次比賽。
3.做主語的名詞或代詞後接with，together with，along with，as well as等短語時，謂語動詞一般和前面名詞或代詞一致。這些短語前後可用可不用逗號。
如：A woman with a baby is coming to the hospital
一個婦女抱著個嬰兒正向醫院走來。
The girl, as well as the bays , has learned to drive a car.
這個姑娘和那些那孩子一樣也學會了開汽車。
二、代詞一致
代詞一致是指句子中代詞應在數、性、人稱等方面彼此保持一致，
如：One must do one' s best to increase proction.
Everybody talked at the tap of his/their voice.
If anyone calls, tell him I' 11 be back in a moment. (him也可用him or her代替)
在寫作中，如果表示不定的人，可以用you, we, one等，需要注意的是：同一篇文章中，只用同一個不定代詞，而且所有格要與其一致。
三、肯定與否定一致
下列形容詞、副詞、代詞從肯定句變成否定句時，須作相應的變化:
肯定句 否定句
We've had some money. We haven't had any money.
I was talking to someone I wasn't talking to anyone.
They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never, seldom) visit us.
He has arrived already. He hasn't arrived yet.
Li is coming too. Li isn't coming either.
Both of us are going. Neither of us are going.
He likes both of them. He doesn't like either of them.
注意：「so/neither+助動詞/情態動詞+名詞/代詞」結構中須用倒裝語序，
如：My wife likes classical music very much and so do.
She doesn' t like jazz and neither do.
『叄』 初三上冊英語語法點
1.
seem
形容詞
Everything
seems
easy.一切似乎很容易。
2.
seem
名詞
He
seemed
an
honest
man.他看上去像是個老實人。
This
seemed
to
us
an
ideal
plan.我們感到這是個完美的計劃。
3.
seem
不定式
The
maths
problem
seems
to
be
very
difficult
to
work
out.這道數學題似乎很難解決。
I
seem
to
have
caught
a
cold.我好像是感冒了。
4.
seem
過去分詞
Our
teacher
seemed
stopped
by
the
question.我們的老師似乎是被那個問題難住了。
His
story
seemed
revealed.他的謊言似乎已被揭露。
5.
seem
doing
No
one
seemed
thinking
that
way.似乎沒人那樣想。
She
seemed
lacking
in
enthusiasm
when
we
were
talking
about
that
film.我們談論那部電影時，她看來好像沒多大熱情。
6.
seem
like
n./
V-ing，意思是"看起來像……"
It
seems
like
years
since
I
last
saw
you.自從我上次見到你以後，好像是過了好幾年。
Those
cards
seemed
like
so
many
little
flags
dotted
about
the
schoolroom.那些卡片好像許多面小旗點綴著教室。
7.
There
seems
to
be...,意為"似乎有；好像有……"
There
seems
to
be
no
work
for
you
to
do
now.看來現在沒有工作需要你做了。
8.
It
seems/seemed
that從句
It
seems
that
he
is
lying.看來他在撒謊。
It
seemed
that
no
one
knew
what
happened.看來沒有人知道發生了什麼事。
9.
It
seems/seemed
as
if從句
It
seems
as
if
he
were
in
a
dream.看來他像是在做夢。
『肆』 初三英語的幾個語法點
第一個，第一句應該是拿我們的生活的過去跟現在比，our life 是被拿來比，所以內用被動的形式，第二容句compare的主語是人、I，是人去比較季節，所以用的是ing 形式表示主動
第二個，應該是He loves to play A, read B, and play C. love後可以接to是一次性的動作，接doing是習慣性的動作。
第一個題說得比較通俗，希望你能理解
『伍』 求初三的英語語法點、全一點詳細點的、 謝謝啦！！！
中考語法應復習內容一覽表
一、主動語態, 在初中階段, 我們學習過以下8種時態, 它們是:
1、一般將來時 2、一般現在時 3、現在進行時
4、現在完成時 5、一般過去時 6、過去進行時
7、過去完成時 8、過去將來時
其中後3種只要求理解, 不要求掌握, 下面, 根據各個時態的特點, 我們分別就時態構成和時間狀語進行比較。通過這個總結和比較, 大家會很容易發現兩個時態在構成或時間狀語上的對應性和規律性, 以達到易學易記, 難忘不混這一事半功倍的目的。尤其要提醒大家的是, 要注意分清各個時態所對應的不同的時間狀語。在沒有通過上下文給出語境的情況下, 時間狀語就是我們決定使用哪種時態的依據; 也可以說: 不同的時間狀語就是不同的時態的標志。
時間狀語的比較
1 一般將來時主 + will + do + 其它主 + am / is / are + going to + do + 其它 過去將來時主 + would + do + 其它主 + was / were + going to + do + 其它
2 一般現在時肯定句: 主 + do / does + 其它否定句: 主 + don\'t / doesn\'t + do + 其它 (助動詞)疑問句: Do / Does + 主 + do + 其它 一般過去時主 + did + 其它主 + didn\'t + do + 其它 助動詞Did + 主 + do + 其它
3 現在進行時主 + am / is / are + doing + 其它 過去進行時主 + was / were + doing + 其它
4 現在完成時主 + have / has + done + 其它 過去完成時主 + had + done + 其它
說明 do——表示動詞原形did——表示動詞的過去式下劃線的詞為助動詞 doing——表示動詞的現在分詞done——表示動詞的過去分詞
小結: 通過「構成」上的比較, 很容易發現, 在邊一組時態中的助動詞都是動詞(will, be, do, have)的一般現在時形式, 而右邊時態的助動詞則都是這些動詞的過去式。
時間狀語比較
1 一般將來時(1)tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, tomorrow morning (evening, afternoon)(2)next time, next Friday, next term, next month(3)in 2 hours, in a week, in 3 years\' time, in a minute / monent(4)soon = right away = at once 一般過去時(1)yesterday, the day before yesterday, yesterday morning (evening, afternoon)(2)last time, last Friday, last term, last month(3)2 hours ago, a week ago, 3 years ago(4)just now = a moment ago
2 一般現在時(1)always, usually, often, sometimes(2)every day, every morning, every Saturday, every time(3)in the morning, on Saturdays(4)once a week, three times, a day, twice a year 現在完成時(1)already, yet, ever, never, just, before(2)for + 一段時間, since + 過去某一點時間
注意: (1)現在進行時的時間狀語只有now, 但Look! Listen!等上下文暗示都可以告訴你用現在進行時。
(2)過去完成時表達的是「過去的過去」, 所以在使用過去完成時的時候, 一定有過去某個時間作為依託, 它的過去, 才用過去完成時表示。
(3)過去將來時一般用於主句是過去時的從句之中。
(4)過去進行時強調過去某一刻 / 某一剎那正在發生的動作或存在的狀態, 時間狀語有: at that time, at that moment, this time yesterdayevening等。
二、接著, 我們復習被動語態, 我們知道, 被動語態是由be + done(動詞的過去分詞)構成的, 初中階段只要求掌握: 被動語態的一般現在時, 一般過去時和含有情態動詞的被動語態。
被動語態構成比較
一般現在時 一般過去時 含情態動詞
主 + am / is / are + done 主 + was / were + done 主 + 情態動詞 + be done
說明(1)done表示動詞的過去分詞 (2)下劃線的詞為助動詞
三、最後我們復習一下從句和疑問句
初中階段我們重點學習了賓語從句和狀語從句。
(1)對於賓語從句要掌握以下三點
①語序: 從句的語序必須是陳述句語序, 即「主語 + 謂語」這種形式。
②時態: 當主句是一般現在時或一般將來時的時候, 從句可以是任何時態, 而當主句是一般過去時的時候, 從句, 從句時態必須是過去時范圍的時態, 即(一般過去時, 過去進行時, 過去完成時, 過去將來時)。
③連接詞: 當從句意思完整, 主句意思肯定時, 連接詞用that, 且可以省去, 當從句意思完整, 主句意思不確定或含否定含意時, 常用if或whether(是否), 當從句意思不完整時, 連接詞則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑問詞。
(2)對於狀語從句, 我們主要學習了時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句。對於這兩種狀語從句, 除了注意語序要用陳述句語序外, 在時態上尤其要注意, 「主將從現」這種結構(即: 當主句是將來時態時候), 從句如果也要用將來時, 則必須用一般現在時代替一般將來時, 時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句的連接詞通常為: when, while, as soon as, until和if。所以, 當連接詞為以上五個詞時, 如果主句是將來時, 就要考慮從句是否也要用將來時, 如果是, 則用「主將從現」結構, 其它還有由so…that…構成的結果狀語從句, 由Though…或…but…, 構成的讓步狀語從句和由because或so構成的原因狀語從句, 注意Though(雖然)與but(但是), because(因為)與so(所以)不能同時出現在句子里, 只用其中之一表達漢語中兩個詞的意義。
(3)疑問句, 我們主要要復習一下選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。
①一般疑問句只要把相應的助動詞放在句首即可, 特殊疑問句主要是要明白這個特殊疑問詞的含義和替代的對象。
②要注意的是選擇疑問句是由「一般疑問句 + 其它選項(中間用逗號隔開) + or + 最後一個選項」構成的, 回答時不能用Yes或No, 必須作出選擇。
③反意疑問句要注意, 後邊的反問句中人稱必須用代詞, 同時要注意前一句中是否有否定含義的詞, 如never, little, few, hardly等。
『陸』 初三上學期的英語語法有哪些
英語語法以及基礎也就是在初中這個階段就打好基礎，如果這個階段出錯，以後很難有所提高版。老師上課時權筆記要認真做，不僅要做，還要把它記在腦海里，通過練習可以得到鞏固。初中語法沒什麼太深的內容，你想想英語語法無非分成時態和語態，如果你基礎好就不必花冤枉錢買那麼多語法書啃，課堂45分鍾十分重要。
『柒』 初三上學期英語語法和固定用語總結
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『捌』 初三英語上冊知識點
九年級英語Unit1
1. by + doing 通過……方式 如：by studying with a group
by 還可以表示：「在…旁」、「靠近」、「在…期間」、「用、」
「經過」、「乘車」等
如：I live by the river.
I have to go back by ten o』clock.
The thief entered the room by the window.
The student went to park by bus.
2. talk about 談論，議論，討論 如：The students often talk about movie after class. 學生們常常在課後討論電影。
talk to sb. === talk with sb. 與某人說話
3. 提建議的句子：
①What/ how about +doing sth.?
如：What/ How about going shopping?
②Why don』t you + do sth.? 如：Why don』t you go shopping?
③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping?
④Let』s + do sth. 如： Let』s go shopping
⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?
4. a lot 許多 常用於句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了許多。
5. too…to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth.
如：I』m too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什麼都不想說。
6. aloud, loud與loudly的用法
三個詞都與"大聲"或"響亮"有關。
①aloud是副詞,重點在出聲能讓人聽見,但聲音不一定很大,
常用在讀書或說話上。通常放在動詞之後。aloud沒有比較級
形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.
他朗讀那篇故事給他兒子聽。
②loud可作形容詞或副詞。用作副詞時,常與speak, talk,
laugh等動詞連用,多用於比較級,須放在動詞之後。如:
She told us to speak a little louder. 她讓我們說大聲一點。
③loudly是副詞,與loud同義,有時兩者可替換使用,但往往
含有令人討厭或打擾別人的意思,可位於動詞之前或之後。如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public.
他不當眾大聲談笑。
7. not …at all 一點也不 根本不 如：
I like milk very much. I don』t like coffee at all.
我非常喜歡牛奶。我一點也不喜歡咖啡。
not經常可以和助動詞結合在一起，at all 則放在句尾
8. be / get excited about sth.
=== be / get excited about doing sth.
=== be excited to do sth. 對…感興奮 如：
I am / get excited about going to Beijing.===
I am excited to go to Beijing. 我對去北京感到興奮。
9. ① end up doing sth 終止做某事，結束做某事 如：
The party ended up singing. 晚會以唱歌而結束。
② end up with sth. 以…結束 如：
The party ended up with her singing. 晚會以她的歌唱而告終。
10. first of all 首先
. to begin with 一開始
later on 後來、隨
11. also 也、而且（用於肯定句）常在句子的中間
either 也（用於否定句）常在句末
too 也 (用於肯定句) 常在句末
12. make mistakes 犯錯 如：I often make mistakes. 我經常犯錯。
make a mistake 犯一個錯誤 如： I have made a mistake.
我已經犯了一個錯誤。
13. laugh at sb. 笑話；取笑（某人） 如：Don』t laugh at me!
不要取笑我!
14. take notes 做筆記，做記錄
15. enjoy doing sth . 喜歡做…樂意做… 如：
She enjoys playing football. 她喜歡踢足球。
enjoy oneself 過得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他過得愉快。
16. native speaker 說本族語的人
17. make up 組成、構成
18. one of +(the+ 形容詞比較級)+名詞復數形式 …其中之一
如： She is one of the most popular teachers.
她是最受歡迎的教師之一。
19. It』s +形容詞+(for sb. ) to do sth. (對於某人來說)做某事…
如：It』s difficult (for me ) to study English.
對於我來說學習英語太難了。
句中的it 是形式主語，真正的主語是to study English
20. practice doing 練習做某事 如：
She often practice speaking English. 她經常練習說英語。
21. decide to do sth. 決定做某事 如：
LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已經決定去北京。
22. unless 假如不，除非 引導條件狀語從句
如：You will fail unless you work hard..假如你不努力你會失敗。
I won』t write unless he writes first. 除非他先寫要不我不寫
23. deal with 處理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem.
24. worry about sb./ sth. 擔心某人/ 某事
如：Mother worried about his son just now.
媽媽剛才擔心他的兒子。
25. be angry with sb. 對某人生氣 如：
I was angry with her. 我對她生氣。
26. perhaps === maybe 也許
27. go by (時間) 過去 如： Two years went by. 兩年過去了。
28. see sb. / sth. doing 看見某人正在做某事 強調正在發生
see sb. / sth. do 看見某人在做某事 如：
如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.
她看見他正在教室里畫畫。
29. each other 彼此
30. regard… as … 把…看作為…. 如：
The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 這些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。
31. too many 許多 修飾可數名詞 如：too many girls
too much 許多 修飾不可數名詞 如：too much milk
much too 太 修飾形容詞 如：much too beautiful
32. change… into… 將…變為…
如：The magician changed the pen into a book.
這個魔術師將這本書變為一本書。
33. with the help of sb. == with one』s help 在某人的幫助下
如：with the help of LiLei == with LiLei』s help
在李雷的幫助下
34. compare … to … 把…與…相比
如：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.
你和安娜相比，你是幸運的。
35. instead 代替 用在句末，副詞（字面上常不譯出來）
instead of sth. / doing sth. 代替，而不是 用在句中，動詞
如：Last summer I went to Beijing. This year I』m going to Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我將要去上海。
I will go instead of you. 我將代替你去。
He stayed at home instead of going swimming.
他呆在家裡而不是去游泳。