『壹』 給點上海英語初一年級英語語法試卷
1( ) 1 -Have you got some water to drink?-Here you are. There___ still some in the bottle.A. are B. were C. is D. was( ) 2 _____ there many American friends in the school last Friday?A. Is B. Was C. Are D. Were( ) 3 There ____ a great many accidents last year.A. were B. are C. is D. was( ) 4 -How many children ____ in the picture?A. has there B. is there C. have there D. are there2( ) 1 In 1850, about a third of U. S. A___ covered by forests.A. were B. has been C. / D. was( ) 2 Most of our earth____ covered by water.A. are B. is C. was D. were( ) 3 Sunday ____ the first day of the week.A. is B. are C. am D. be( ) 4 Neither___right.A. answers are B. answers aren't C. answer is D. answer isn't3( ) 1 The population of the world ____ still ____ now.A. has; grown B. will; grow C. is; growing D. is grown( ) 2 There ____ many people running in the park every morning.A. is B. were C. are D. have( ) 3 These police often___the children across the street.A. help B. helps C. helping D. is helping4( ) 1 ___ going to England by air next week.A. The Green family are B. The Greens family areC. The Green's family are D. Green family are( ) 2 The whole family ____ enjoying the beautiful music now.A. is all B. all is C. all are D. are all( ) 3 Our class ___ big.A. is B. are C. were D. will5( ) 1 Neither he nor I ____ from Canada. We are from Australia.A. is B. are C. am D. be( ) 2 Either you or he ____ right.A. are B. is C. does D. were( ) 3 Neither Mary nor her brother____ good at singing.A. is B. are C. is not D. are not( ) 4 Not only Tom but also Alice and Mary ____ busy.A. is B. was C. are D. has6( ) 1 Physics ___ interesting to us.A. are B. has C. is D. were( ) 2 The news____ exciting. We got excited at it.A. is B. was C. were D. are( ) 3 Though mathematics____ hard, we all work at it hard.A. are B. were C. was D. is參考答案：1. 1 -4 C D A D2. 1-4 D B A C3. 1 -3 C C A4. 1 -3 A D A5. 1 -4 C B A C6. 1 -3 C B D 初一英語語法句型轉換專項試題1 What』s the time? What time __________ _________?2 Are you all here today? _________ ________ here today?3 That』s OK. That』s _________ __________.4 Thank you very much. Thanks ________ _________.Lily is in Class Two. Lucy is in Class Two, too.Lily and Lucy ________ ___________ Class Two.6 It』s six forty-five. It』s ________ __________ to ________.7 My bike is broken.(就劃線部分提問)。 What』s _________ ______ your bike?8 I want an English book.(就劃線部分提問)。_______ ________ you want? 9 You can do it now. （變否定句） You ________________ do it now.10 I have a new bag. （變一般疑問句） _________ _________ have a new bag? _____________ you ______________ a new bag?11 This is my box.（變復數） __________ _________ my ________.12 There is some water in the glass. （變否定句）There ________ ________ water in the glass. There are some boxes on the table.（變單數） There ________ _________ _________ on the table. There are seven pencils in the pencil-box. (就劃線部分提問)________ _______ pencils _______ there in the pencil-box?15 Don』t give him the book. （變肯定句） ____________ him the book.16 There are some tea in the cup. (就劃線部分提問)__________ _________ in the cup?17 What do you want? What _______________ you _______________18 Throw it like this. （變否定句） ______________ throw it like this.19 Can you swim? (肯定/否定回答) Yes, _______ ________. _________, I __________.The pens are on the floor. (就劃線部分提問) ________ ________ the pens?There is a kite in my bedroom. （變復數）There _______ _________ __________ in my bedroom.I』m in Grade One. (就劃線部分提問) ____________ grade are you _____________?The boys are playing football. (變一般疑問句) ___________ the boy _____________ football?My father is mending a bike. (就劃線部分提問) ___________ your father _____________?Kate has a cat. （變否定句） Kate ______________ _______________ a cat.They have some big apples. (變一般疑問句) __________ they ____________ _____________ big apples?27 Does she have a sister?(否定回答) _______________, she ______________.28 My favorite color is white. (就劃線部分提問) ____________ ___________ your favorite colour?____________ ___________ do you ____________ best?29 Today is Sunday. (就劃線部分提問)_________ ________ is_________ today?30 We are having an English lesson.（變否定句）We ___________ ___________ having an English lesson.書面表達專項練習書面表達評分標准：第一檔次：9—10分 內容完整，用詞准確，句子通順、連貫，單詞拼寫和標點符號使用正確，書寫工整。第二檔次：6—8分 內容基本完整，表達尚清楚，句子連貫，語言基本正確。第三檔次：3—5分 內容不夠完整，表達尚清楚，但句子不夠連貫，行文有錯誤。第四檔次：1—2分 只有一些內容，表達不清，錯誤連篇。要求：根據所給提示，寫一篇50個詞左右的短文。範文：提示：今天是星期天，李雷不用上課，他和爸爸一起去動物園。在那裡他看見很多動物，有老虎、猴子、熊貓和熊。這些動物每天都有食物喂養，但它們並不快樂，它們喜歡生活在森林，因為動物園的生活與森林中的生活不一樣。 Today is Sunday. Li Lei doesn』t go to school. He goes to the zoo with his father. He sees many animals there, such as tigers, monkeys, pandas and bears. These animals are given food everyday, but they are not happy in the zoo. They like living in the forest because the life in the zoo is different from the life / that in the forest .一今天是星期一。張老師想把一些書拿到課室。我和張明去幫他。我找到一個大箱子。我們把書裝進箱子。箱子里滿滿的都是書。我們一起把書拿到課室去。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________二我的房間這是我的房間。房間不大。在牆上有三幅畫。在窗邊是我的桌子。桌子上有一台電腦和一些書。我的床上放著一件外套。床底下是我的足球鞋。你還能看到什麼東西嗎？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________三我的朋友我有一個好朋友。她有長長的頭發，圓圓的臉，大大的眼睛和小小的嘴巴。她喜歡游泳和讀書。她的英語很好，我的數學很棒。我們互相幫助，互相學習。看！她正在跳舞呢！My friend________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________四足球是Jim最喜歡的運動。每個星期天下午他都和朋友們去踢球。他踢得很好。是學校足球隊的隊員。Ronaldo是他最喜歡的足球運動員。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________五今天是星期五，天氣晴朗。Lily 和Lucy 在上學。她們正在上一節數學課。她們的爸爸在上班。他是一個醫生。她們的媽媽在家。她在做家務。她們的弟弟John今年三歲，他沒有上學。他在和一隻貓玩。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________七格林先生從美國來。他教我們英語。他每周去上漢語課，並且學習很認真。他的兩個孩子現在也在中國。他們也能說一點漢語。王叔叔是格林先生的一個好朋友。現在，他正為孩子們製造一架模型飛機。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案一Today is Monday. Mr. Zhang wants to take some books to the classroom. Zhang Ming and I go to help him. I find a big box. We put the books in the box. The box is full of books. We carry the box to the classroom together. 二My RoomThis is my room. It』s not a big room. There are three pictures on the wall. My desk is near the window. There is a computer and some books on the desk. There is a coat on my bed. My football shoes are under the bed. What else can you see?三My FriendI have a good friend. She has long hair, a round face, big eyes and a small mouth. She likes swimming and reading. She is good at English. I』m good at maths. We help each other and learn from each other. Look! She is dancing!四Football is Jim』s favourite sport. Every Sunday afternoon, he plays football with his friends. He is very good at playing football. He is on the school football team. Ronaldo is his favourite football player.五 Today is Friday. It』s a fine day. Lily and Lucy are at school. They』re having a math lesson. Their father is at work. He is a doctor. Their mother is at home. She is doing housework. Their little brother John is three. He doesn』t go to school. He is playing with a cat. 六 Jim Green is a student at No. One Middle School. He has classes from Monday to Friday. On Saturdays, he goes swimming with his friends. On Sundays, he goes to the park with his father and mother. On Sunday afternoon, he does his homework. On Sunday evening, he has a good rest.七 Mr. Green is from America. He teaches us English. He has Chinese lessons every week. He studies hard. His two children is in China. They can speak a little Chinese, too. Uncle Wang is Mr. Green』s good friend. He is making a model plane for the children.
『貳』 初一英語語法歸納及練習題
初一英語語法總結
一、詞法 1、名詞A）、名詞的數
我們知道名詞可以分為可數名詞和不可數名詞，而不可數名詞它沒有復數形式，但可數名詞卻有單數和復數之分，復數的構成如下：
一）在後面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二）x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三）1）以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2）以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四）以o結尾加s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
五）以f或fe結尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六）單復數相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七）一般只有復數，沒有單數的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數也可以是復數的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學, family家，家庭成員
九）合成的復數一般只加主要名詞，多數為後一個單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復數則同時為復數。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十）有的單復數意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數, chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞
十一） 單個字母的復數可以有兩種形式直接加s或』s。如：Is (I』s), Ks (K』s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B）名詞的格
當我們要表示某人的什麼東西或人時，我們就要使用所有格形式。構成如下：
一）單數在後面加』s。如：brother』s, Mike』s, teacher』s
二）復數以s結尾的直接在s後加』，如果不是以s結尾的與單數一樣處理。如：Teachers』 Day教師節, classmates』; Children』s Day六一節, Women』s Day三八節
三）由and並列的名詞所有時，如果是共同所有同一人或物時，只加最後一個』s，但分別擁有時卻分別按單數形式處理。如：Mike and Ben』s room邁克和本的房間（共住一間），Mike』s and Ben』s rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）
2、代詞 項目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞
人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性
第一人稱 單數 I me my mine myself
復數 we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱 單數 you you your yours yourself
復數 you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱 單數 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself it it its its this that itself
復數 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、動詞 A） 第三人稱單數
當動詞是第三人稱單數時，動詞應該像名詞的單數變動詞那樣加s，如下：
一）一般在詞後加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三）1）以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2）以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四）以o結尾加es。如：does, goes 五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has
B） 現在分詞
當我們說某人正在做什麼事時，動詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構成如下：
一）一般在後加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二）以不發音e的結尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三）以重讀閉音節結尾且一個母音字母＋一個輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫最後的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四）以ie結尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位於
4、形容詞的級
我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時，則要使用比較或最高級形式。構成如下：
一） 一般在詞後加er或est(如果是以e結尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二）以重讀閉音節結尾且1個母音字母＋1個輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結尾的雙寫結尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三） 以輔音字母＋y結尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四）特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、數詞 (基變序，有規則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它後接th；y結尾，變為i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、句式
1.陳述句 肯定陳述句
a) This is a book. (be動詞)
b) He looks very young. (連系動詞)
c) I want a sweat like this. (實義動詞)
d) I can bring some things to school. (情態動詞)
e) There』s a computer on my desk. (There be結構)
否定陳述句
a) These aren』t their books. b) They don』t look nice. c) Kate doesn』t go to No. 4 Middle School.
d) Kate can』t find her doll. e) There isn』t a cat here. (=There』s no cat here.)
2. 祈使句
肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let』s learn English! c) Come in, please.
否定祈使句a) Don』t be late. b) Don』t hurry.
3. 疑問句
1) 一般疑問句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?
肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.
否定回答: a) No, he isn』t. b) No, you can』t. c) No, she doesn』t. d) No, they don』t. e) No, she isn』t.
2) 選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It』s big./ It』s small.
3) 特殊疑問句
① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is [email protected].
⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club?
⑥ 問時間 What』s the time? (=What time is it?) It』s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o』clock.
When do you want to go? Let』s go at 7:00.
⑦ 問地方 Where』s my backpack? It』s under the table.
⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue. What』s your favourite color? It』s black.
⑨ 問人物 Who』s that? It』s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn』t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩ 問東西 What』s this/that (in English)? It』s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
11問姓名 What』s your aunt』s name? Her name is Helen./She』s Helen.
What』s your first name? My first name』s Ben.
What』s your family name? My family name』s Smith.
12 問哪一個 Which do you like? I like one in the box.
13 問字母 What letter is it? It』s big D/small f.
14 問價格 How much are these pants? They』re 15 dollars.
15 問電話號碼 What』s your phone number? It』s 576-8349.
16 問謂語(動作) What』s he doing? He』s watching TV.
17 問職業(身份) What do you do? I』m a teacher.
What』s your father? He』s a doctor.
三、時態
1、一般現在時
表示普遍、經常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現在時，它有：
Be 動詞：She』s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn』t a worker.
情態動詞：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can』t play the piano.
行為動詞：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don』t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn』t have a watch.
2、現在進行時
表示動詞在此時正在發生或進行就使用進行時態，結構為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I』m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I』m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn』t writing a letter.
They』re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren』t listening to the pop music.
另外找到了一個帖子就是同樣問這個題目的，你也看看吧，地址我放在參考資料里了哈，
希望對你有所幫助，學習愉快哈！
『叄』 七年級上冊英語語法練習題！
用所給詞的適當形式填空。
What's your ___father's____（版father）權favorite sport?
Running and swimming_are_____（be）my favorites.
_____Does__she__like_____（like）math？
Jack__doesn't want____（not want）any pens.
I like music because it's___relaxing____（relax）.
I think Scott___plays___（play）tennis every day.
Why___do___they___like___（like）art?
Let's____join__（join）their club.
_____Chinese_（China）is my favorite subject.
They like____playing__（play）the guitar.
『肆』 七年級英語語法題！
On是具體的某一天， at是在某個地方 in是某月
『伍』 誰能幫我出一張7年級上英語語法試卷
Ⅰ. 單項選擇題(每小題2分，共40分)
Choose the best answer from the choices given:
1.Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the other,（ ）, of course, made the others jealous.
A. who B. that
C. what D. which
2.Mr.Johnson preferred（ ）heavier work to do.
A. to be given B. to be giving
C. to have given D. having given
3.I remember（ ）to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A. once offering B. him once offering
C. him to offer D. to offer him
4.In the course of a day students do far more than just（ ）classes.
A. attend B. attended
C. to attend D. attending
5.How can I imagine Steward （ ） the first in the freestyle swimming race?
A. finish B. to finish
C. finishing D. finished
6.Jane wishes that she（ ）foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.
A. did B. would study
C. had studied D. could study
7.Eliza is really an expert in dancing ,but（ ）singing her performance is anything but good.
A. so long as B. when it comes to
C. as far as D. as long as
8.I met her in the street （ ）and she told me she was leaving for France next month.
A. the other day B. in three days
C. the following day D. the next day
9.Few of you share my opinion so we have （ ）in common to discuss.
A. a little B. little
C. nothing D. something
10.Today is Jane』s wedding. She（ ）John.
A. had just married with B. was just married to
C. has just been married to D. just has been married to
11.I am sorry to have begun the meeting before you came. I thought （ ）.
A. you did not come B. you should not come
C. you were not coming D. you are not coming
12.—Can you attend the meeting tonight?—No,（ ）the manager about something important.
A. I see B. I shall have seen
C. I』ll be seeing D. I can see
13.No one is permitted to enter the hall without first（ ）his identification card.
A. having to show B. being shown
C. showing D. having shown
14.Mark was believed（ ）the famous novel before we finally met the actual writer.
A. to write B. to have written
C. writing D. having written
15.The question is （ ）can be put into practice.
A. how you have learned B. how what you have learned
C. that why you have learned D. how that you have learned
16.—May I borrow the money?—（ ）you pay me back within ten months.
A. But B. Unless
C. Since D. For
17.They had no sooner got on the train（ ）it pulled out of the station.
A. when B. than
C. before D. then
18.（ ）I admit that he is a good man, I don』t mean that he has no weak points .
A. While B. Suppose
C. Unless D. Because
19.I （ ）the truth of your remarks, although they go against my interests.
A. can not help but admitting B. can not help but admit
C. can not help but to admit D. can not help but to admitting
20.Three hundred pounds （ ）really a large sum for him, who has just left school.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
Ⅱ. 填空題(每小題1分，共20分)
Fill in the blanks according to the instructions:
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb given:
21.I should have worked harder, or I__________(pass)the examination.
22.There is not much point__________(argue) any further.
23.I』ve heard the book __________(condemn)many times.
24.It seems that you are beginning__________(understand) my point.
25.Having lost all his money, Mark had no choice but__________(ask) the police for help.
26.The family__________(be) at table when he arrived.
27.It』s high time you __________(start) to think about your chances of landing a good job after graation.
28.I__________(want) to send you a message by E-mail but my computer broke down.
Fill in the blanks with an appropriate coordinator or subordinator:
29.They became more and more amused at__________ he was doing to the dog.
30.Work harder, __________you will never pass the comprehensive examination.
31.You are to finish your homework __________you can watch TV.
32.You didn』t need to carry the parcel home__________ the shop has delivery service.
33.John was so disappointed when Susan turned down his proposal __________he remained single for the rest of his life.
34.He is such a sound sleeper__________ you wouldn』t wake him up even if you remove the bed.
35.They didn』t know __________they would arrive there on time.
36.I was going to finish the novel last night,__________ I was just too tired.
37.He was about to tell the truth __________they killed him.
Fill in the blanks with an appropriate preposition:
38.Clay pots must have some protection __________severe weather.
39.Such problems have to be accounted __________in political terms.
40.His life is __________stake.
Ⅲ. 改錯題(每小題1分，共10分)
Correct errors in the following sentences:
41.It was last night when Pat released the president』s illness to the reporters.
42.His fondness of collecting stamps was such that nearly half his income went into this hobby.
43.What were believed to be aliens from the outer space were actually several sheep going astray.
44.Where she was at the time of the murder was of major concern to the police that is investigating the case.
45.He found it annoyed that his neighbor kept calling him by the wrong name.
46.She kept depressed until he advised her seeing a doctor.
47.She asked her students a question. Every gave her a different answer.
48.Not until 1868 was when Atlanta made the capital of the state of Georgia.
49.Five minutes earlier, but we could have caught the last train.
50.Paul suggested that they meet in the front of the school gate at one o』clock on Friday afternoon.
Ⅳ. 改寫句子(每小題2分，共20分)
Rewrite the following sentences as required.
51.Reinforce the negation in the following sentence as required:
I haven』t seen such a swarm of ants.(never in all one』s life)
52.Rewrite the following sentence by adding an appropriate tag question:
They must all have taken the wrong road.
53.Turn the following sentence into an exclamation:
They are running fast.
54.Turn the following sentence into the passive, using by-phrase if necessary:
Don』t try to expect them to reward you with the money they promised.
55.Rephrase the following sentence using modal auxiliaries:
The Bulls were probably not well prepared for the third game of the 1997 NBA final.
56.Combine sentences using coordination:
On his way up the hill Jack fell down. He hurt his hands and knees .Jimmy got to the top all right.
57.Combine sentences using subordination:
He came out of the Conference Room. Reporters surrounded him.
58.Combine sentences using a relative clause:
She was dancing with a student .He had a slight limp.
59.Write counter-factual conditionals based on the given facts:
He wasn』t able to answer all the questions ,so he didn』t pass the examination.
60.Use inversion:
The girls were talking noisily when the teacher walked in.
Ⅴ. 名詞解釋(每小題2分，共4分)
Define the following terms with examples.
61.Define conjuncts.
62.Define cohesion.
Ⅵ. 簡答題(每小題2分，共6分)
Answer the following questions with the help of examples.
63.What is the primary function of a WH-question?
64.As expressions of possibility ，what is the difference between can and may?
65.Why is the past tense often used for politeness?
『陸』 七年級英語語法
七年級英語語法雖然是從簡單的一些日常用語出發的，但語法中常會有一些知識點看起來很細小，容易被忽視，但這些知識點掌握不熟練，往往會造成一些語法應用上的錯誤。因此在學習七年級英語語法時，要認真、細心，不要覺得一些地方不重要而得過且過。
下面從幾個方面，總結出了七年級英語語法，如果要復習英語句法的同學，可以參考一下，
一、七年級英語語法——詞法
1、名詞
A）、名詞的數
我們知道名詞可以分為可數名詞和不可數名詞，而不可數名詞它沒有復數形式，但可數名詞卻有單數和復數之分，復數的構成如下：
一）在後面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二）x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三）1）以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2）以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四）以o結尾加s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
五）以f或fe結尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六）單復數相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七）一般只有復數，沒有單數的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數也可以是復數的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學, family家，家庭成員
九）合成的復數一般只加主要名詞，多數為後一個單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復數則同時為復數。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十）有的單復數意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數, chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞
十一） 單個字母的復數可以有兩種形式直接加s或』s。如：Is (I』s), Ks (K』s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B）名詞的格
當我們要表示某人的什麼東西或人時，我們就要使用所有格形式。構成如下：
一）單數在後面加』s。如：brother』s, Mike』s, teacher』s
二）復數以s結尾的直接在s後加』，如果不是以s結尾的與單數一樣處理。如：Teachers』 Day教師節, classmates』; Children』s Day六一節, Women』s Day三八節
三）由and並列的名詞所有時，如果是共同所有同一人或物時，只加最後一個』s，但分別擁有時卻分別按單數形式處理。如：Mike and Ben』s room邁克和本的房間（共住一間），Mike』s and Ben』s rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）
2、代詞
項目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞
人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性
第一人稱 單數 I me my mine myself
復數 we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱 單數 you you your yours yourself
復數 you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱 單數 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
復數 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、動詞
A） 第三人稱單數
當動詞是第三人稱單數時，動詞應該像名詞的單數變動詞那樣加s，如下：
一）一般在詞後加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三）1）以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2）以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四）以o結尾加es。如：does, goes
五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has
B） 現在分詞
當我們說某人正在做什麼事時，動詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構成如下：
一）一般在後加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二）以不發音e的結尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三）以重讀閉音節結尾且一個母音字母＋一個輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫最後的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四）以ie結尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位於
4、形容詞的級
我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時，則要使用比較或最高級形式。構成如下：
一） 一般在詞後加er或est(如果是以e結尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二）以重讀閉音節結尾且1個母音字母＋1個輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結尾的雙寫結尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三） 以輔音字母＋y結尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四）特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、數詞 (基變序，有規則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它後接th；y結尾，變為i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、七年級英語語法——句式
1.陳述句
肯定陳述句 a) This is a book. (be動詞)
b) He looks very young. (連系動詞)
c) I want a sweat like this. (實義動詞)
d) I can bring some things to school. (情態動詞)
e) There』s a computer on my desk. (There be結構)
否定陳述句 a) These aren』t their books. b) They don』t look nice.
c) Kate doesn』t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can』t find her doll.
e) There isn』t a cat here. (=There』s no cat here.)
2. 祈使句
肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let』s learn English!
c) Come in, please.
否定祈使句a) Don』t be late. b) Don』t hurry.
3. 疑問句
1) 一般疑問句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?
d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?
肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.
否定回答: a) No, he isn』t. b) No, you can』t. c) No, she doesn』t. d) No, they don』t. e) No, she isn』t.
2) 選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It』s big./ It』s small.
3) 特殊疑問句
① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is [email protected].
⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club?
⑥ 問時間 What』s the time? (=What time is it?) It』s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o』clock.
When do you want to go? Let』s go at 7:00.
⑦ 問地方 Where』s my backpack? It』s under the table.
⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.
What』s your favourite color? It』s black.
⑨ 問人物 Who』s that? It』s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn』t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩ 問東西 What』s this/that (in English)? It』s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
11問姓名 What』s your aunt』s name? Her name is Helen./She』s Helen.
What』s your first name? My first name』s Ben.
What』s your family name? My family name』s Smith.
12 問哪一個 Which do you like? I like one in the box.
13 問字母 What letter is it? It』s big D/small f.
14 問價格 How much are these pants? They』re 15 dollars.
15 問電話號碼 What』s your phone number? It』s 576-8349.
16 問謂語(動作) What』s he doing? He』s watching TV.
17 問職業(身份) What do you do? I』m a teacher.
What』s your father? He』s a doctor.
三、七年級英語語法——時態
1、一般現在時 表示普遍、經常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現在時，它有：
Be 動詞：She』s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn』t a worker.
情態動詞：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can』t play the piano.
行為動詞：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don』t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn』t have a watch.
2、現在進行時 表示動詞在此時正在發生或進行就使用進行時態，結構為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I』m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I』m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn』t writing a letter.
They』re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren』t listening to the pop music.