❶ 省略的英語語法
「省略」來
⒈omit; to abridge; to abbreviate; to leave out
⒉[Grammar] ellipsis; abbreviation
為了使語言簡自潔或避免重復,省略句中的一個或幾個句子成分,這種語法現象稱為省略。
被省略的部分
1 主語
例句: 1 Beg your pardon.
2 (It)Sounds like a good idea.
2謂語或謂語的一部分
例句: 1(Is there)Anything I can do for you?
2(Is) Anybody here?
3賓語
例句: A:Where is Tom now?
B:I don't know (where Tom is now).
4不定式to後省略動詞
例句: 1 A:Would you like to come to the party?
B:I'd love to(come to the party.)
2 They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents).
❷ 英語里關於什麼可以省略
由於主語是the substance 所以 從句主語也將會是這個it 代替的也是它。
這里的whether是無論的意思,這兒內是狀語從句。
換個詞容
No matter heated or not , ……
懂了吧,前後主語一致的情況下可以省略從句的主語。
就像
having had the supper,we went out for a walk
❸ 英語中的省略用法.
英語省略句的用法
❹ 英語中的省略句
省略句是英語的一種習慣用法。按照語法的分析,句子應該具備的成分,有時出於修辭上的需要,在句中並不出現,這種句子叫做省略句1. 簡單句中的省略:
在對話中,交談雙方都知道談論的對象,則可以省略句子的主語,省略主語和謂語的現象在交際用語中出現的很多。
(1)Looks like rain.
(2)Hope to hear from you soon.
(3)Sounds like a good idea.
(4)Beg your pardon.
(5)Feeling better today ?
(6)This way, please.
(7)—What does he want to eat ?
—Some rice and vegetables.
(8)Anything I can do for you ?
(9)Sorry to hear that.
(10)Doesn』t matter.
(11)Terrible weather!
(12)Pity you couldn』t come.
2. 並列句中的省略:
在並列句中,相同的成分如主語,謂語,賓語等都可以省略:
(1)They learn French and we English.
(2)My father planned and built all these houses.
(3)John won the first race and Jimmy the second.
(4)Coral is not a plant but a variety of animal life.
3. 復合句中的省略:
定語從句:
(1)That』s the reason he is late for the conference.
(2)I don』t like the way he talks.
狀語從句:
(1)If heated, water will boil.
(2)Tom was attacked by cramp while swimming across the river.
(3)We』ll go to help you if necessary.
(4)Had I time, I would come.
(5)I』ll go, should it be necessary.
(6)The captain can find a boat quicker than we can.
賓語從句:如果賓語從句中的謂語部分與主句的謂語部分或上文的謂語部分相同,可將從句部分的謂語省略。
(1)We will do what we can(do)to help you.
(2)—Is Mr. King in his office?
—Sorry, I don』t know(whether he is in his office or not).
4. 動詞不定式的省略:在動詞不定式結構中,為了避免重復,常常省略不定式結構中的動詞原形,只保留to。
(1)—Would you like to go with us ?
—I』m glad to, but I have to finish my homework.
(2)Don』t tell me the name of the sailor if you don』t want to.
(3)—Have you ever been to the seaside?
—No, we can』t afford to.
在used to, ought to, have to, would like/love to, wish to, be going to等結構中,常常省略to後面的動詞原形。
(1)They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to.
(2)He doesn』t get up early as he used to.
(3)I』ll hand it in if I have to.
(4)—Would you like to come tonight ?
—I』d love to.
Tell , warn , order , advise , ask等動詞的賓語後面接動詞不定式做賓語補足語時,可以省略to後面的動詞原形。
(1)He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to.
(2)The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to.
❺ 英語中的情景省略,語法省略,修辭省略解釋舉例
英語中為了避免重復,句子中的某些部分可以省略,常見的省略有下列14種情況: 1、並列復合句中某些相同成分的省略 He often regards English as easy and (he often regards)French as difficult. 他常把英語看作是容易學的,而法語是難學的 2、在用when,while,if,as if,though(although),as until,whether等連詞引導的狀語從句中,如果謂語有be,而主語又跟主句的主語相同或是it時,則從句的主語和be常可省略 When(water is)heated,water is turned into vapour. 水加熱時變成氣體 3、在than,as,no matter what(who等)分句後面常可省略某些成分 They do not use more water than(it is)necessary. 他們使用的水沒有超出需要量 4、在know,think,consider,suppose,find,belive,say,decide等動詞後面所接的賓語從句中,連接詞that常可省略 I think(that)it will clear up this afternoon. 我想今天下午天會轉晴 5、在限制性定語從句中,作賓語用的關系代詞whom,which,that常省略;在以the same...as和such...as引出的某些定語從句中,也可以省略與主句相同的成分 This is one of the best films(that)I『ve ever seen. 這是我所看過的最好的電影 6、在以there is開頭的句子中,修飾主語的同位語從句的連接詞常省略,修飾主語的定語從句的關系代詞作主語,有時可以省略 There is a table(that)stands in the corner. 牆角處放著一張桌子 7、用so,not或其他手段來替代上文或問句中的一部分或整個句意 --Can he do this work?他能做這件工作嗎? --I think so. 我想他行 8、在某些動詞後的賓語補語和主語補語中可將to be省略 These books are thought(to be)very valuable 人們認為這些書很有價值 9、在「the+比較級...the+比較級...」結構中,有時可省略be或there be The higher the temperature(is),the greater the pressure(is)溫度越高,壓力越大 10、某些動詞在接that從句時,不用與之搭配的介詞 We agreed that is was a mistake. 我們一致認為,這是一個錯誤 11、用to表示前述動詞不定式,其後面有關成分省略 You may go home if you like(to)你如果想回家就可回家 12、在某些虛擬語氣的句子中可以省略should I suggest that he(should)study more English before going abroad. 我建議他出國前多學點英語 13、在用so+that連接的從句中,常省略so或that We are very tired,(so)that we had better hurry home. 我們很累,所以我們還是趕快回家去吧 14、省略介詞in的幾個固定片語 He spends his evenings(in)studying English 他把晚上的時間花在學英語上
❻ 在英語中省略的用法
省略句(elliptical sentences)
定義:省略句是英語的一種習慣用法。按照語法的分析,句子應該具備的成分,有時出於修辭上的需要,為了避免重復、突出新信息使上下文緊密連接的修辭手段。
省略的部分:單詞、短語、分句,都可以省略,而且各有一定的銜接關系,不容臆斷
一、哪些部分可以省略
(一)省略單詞 1、省略介詞
He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons. 他花了四個小時復習功課。 I ' ve studied Eng1ish (for) five years. 我已學五年英語了。 2、省略連詞
I believe (that) you will succeed . 我相信你們會成功的。 It ' s a pity (that) he ' s leaving. 他要走,真遺憾。 I ' m sure (that) she will help you. 我肯定她會幫你的。 3、省略關系代詞
I ' ll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都給你。 He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看過我昨天買的書了。 二、省略句子成分
1、省略主語
Beg your pardon. (我)請你原諒。( Beg 前省略了主語 I ) Take care! 當心!( Take 前省略了主語 you ) Looks as if it will rain. 看起來象要下雨。( Looks 前省略了主語 it ) 2、省略謂語
Who next? 該誰了?( Who 後面省略了謂語 comes )
The river was deep and the ice thin. ( ice 後面省略了 was ) We ' ll do the best we can. 我們將盡力而為。( can 後面省略了動詞 do )
3、省略表語
Are you ready? Yes, I am. 你准備好了嗎? 我准備好了。( am 後面省略了 ready ) He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth. 他還是象年輕時那樣,是一位運動愛好者。( had been 後面省略了 a lover of sports ) 4、省略賓語
Let ' s do the dishes. I ' ll wash and you ' ll dry. 讓我們洗碗吧,我來洗,你來揩乾。( wash 和 dry 後面省略了賓語 dishes )
5、省略定語
He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 那錢他花了部分,其餘的他都存了起來。( the rest 後面省略了定語 of the money )
6、省略狀語
He was not hurt. Strange! 他沒有受傷,真奇怪!( Strange 前面省略了狀語 how )
二、什麼句式中可以省略
1. 簡單句中的省略: 在對話中,交談雙方都知道談論的對象,則可以省略句子的主語,省略主語和謂語的現象在交際用語中出現的很多。 如省略it 和 主語 I (1)Looks like rain. (it)
(2)Hope to hear from you soon. (I)
(3)Sounds like a good idea.
2. 並列句中的省略:在並列句中,相同的成分如主語,謂語,賓語等都可以省略: (1)They learn French and we English.
(2)My father planned and built all these houses. (3)John won the first race and Jimmy the second.
3. 復合句中的省略: 定語從句:(1)That』s the reason he is late for the conference.
狀語從句:(1)If heated, water will boil. (2)Tom was attacked by cramp while swimming across the river. 賓語從句:如果賓語從句中的謂語部分與主句的謂語部分或上文的謂語部分相同,可將從句部分的謂語省略。
(1)We will do what we can(do)to help you.
(2)—Is Mr. King in his office? —Sorry, I don』t know(whether he is in his office or not).
4. 動詞不定式的省略:在動詞不定式結構中,為避免重復,常常省略不定式結構中的動詞原形,只保留to。 (1)—Would you like to go with us ? —I』m glad to*, but I have to finish my homework.
在used to, ought to, have to, would like/love to, wish to, be going to等結構中,常常省略to後面的動詞原形。 (1)They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to* (2)He doesn』t get up early as he used to*. (3)I』ll hand it in if I have to*.
(4)—Would you like to come tonight ? —I』d love to.
Tell , warn , order , advise , ask等動詞的賓語後接動詞不定式做賓語補足語時,可以省略to後的動詞原形。 (1)He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to.
(2)The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to.
三、特殊用法 一、原文「空缺」,譯文「增補」
兩個主語不同的句子,謂語有相同部分,也有不同部分,如果用連詞連接起來進行對比,則其相同部分在後面分句中可以省略,這樣,後面分句中就出現「空缺」現象。「空缺」處通常被省略的是動詞,或動詞及其賓語、補足語等。漢譯時不妨採用「補齊」的方法。
例如:A sound must be heard,a colour seen,a flavour tasted,an odour inhaled.,顏色必須目視,滋味必須口嘗,氣味必須鼻吸。(後三句省略 must be) Histories make men wise;mathematic logic and rhetoric able to contend.;數學使人精細;邏輯和修辭使人善辯。(原文後兩句省略make men) 二、英語狀語從句中的省略部分可不譯
than引出的比較從句中,套有when引導的時間從句或if引導的條件從句,而且該比較從句中的省略部分與整個句子的主要結構一致時則比較從句的省略部分可省略不譯。例如:
My uncle is better than when I wrote to我伯父的身體比我上次給你去信時好些了(...than後面省略了he was) 三、對英語中一些特殊省略結構譯法需靈活,指的是按正常語法規則分析,有的無法增補,有的要用不同的方式來增補,使之成為完全句。因此,漢譯英時,視上下文加以靈活處理。
1.「賓語+主語+謂語„„and +謂語」結構
其中and連接的,是用作不同成分的同一個詞,這個詞既是第一分句的賓語,又是第二分句的主語。此結構的特點是,把賓語提到句首,使之兼任後一分句的主語,達到簡化句子結構的目的。漢譯時,可仍先譯賓語,不必改變原文的語序。例如:
This substance we call water,and come next only to oxygen.這種物質稱為水,其重要性僅次於氧。(=We call this substance water,and this substance comes next only to oxygen.) 2.以「Hence +名詞」開頭的結構
hence是表示結果意義的連接副詞,hence前面的句子表示原因,hence後面則省略了類似 come的動詞。它是倒裝句。例如:
Hence(comes)this instruction of the experiment因此,有這本實驗說明書。 3.某些常用片語引導的省略疑問句,通常不需要寫出其省略部分。例如: How(is it)about the result?結果怎麼樣呢?
4.由習語組成的省略結構 So much is for the foundry processes.工藝過程的內容就是這些。(=Enough has been said or done about...;That is all we'll say about...) Now for the sound-wave method.現在談談風波方法。(=And we will now talk about...) The grinding machine you operate must be oiled,and that at once.油,而且要馬上上油。(and that是個加強語氣的省略結構。that是指示代詞,代替上文的全部,與and連用表示強調,後接狀語。=andmustbeoiledat可譯為「而且」。)
四、介詞(短語)的「無勝於有」
英語介詞(短語)應用之頻繁,簡直到了「不可稍離」的地步。它是功能詞中最積極、最活躍之一。但有時,為了用詞簡潔精練,在上下文意境清楚的前提下,介詞常常省略。譯文中也要採取相應的簡潔表達手法。
1. 動名詞-ing前,有時省略介詞。
Most people just ruin scissors by)trying to sharpen them.大多數人想把剪刀磨快,結果卻磨壞了。 2. 在含有way,height,length,size,shape, ckness等慣用語前,有時省略介詞。 Try to keep your letters on)this side of 500 words.寫信請勿超過五百字。
3. 在以next,this,one,every,each,some,等開頭的時間狀語前,有時省略介詞。 Nine days(from)now will be May Day.起再過九天,便是五一節。
4. 在「noun +participle」,「noun +and all」結構中,有時省略介詞「with」。 He jumped into the water, (with his)clothes and all.他和著衣服跳進水裡。 5. 某些動詞、名詞、形容詞習慣搭配中的介詞(短語),在以what,when,how,whether,that出的從句
或不定式短語之前,有時被省略。例如: I am not informed(as to)whether he went,why from.我沒聽說他是否去了,為什麼去,什麼時候去,來自何地方。(省略與informed搭配的介詞as to。) They are tempered to be careless (of)how they spend their time,because they imagine they have so much of it.對於如何支配時間,他們總是漫不經心,因為他們認為時間多的是。(省略與形容詞careless搭配的介詞of。)
❼ 高中英語語法省略句怎麼講解
省略句其實不用作為一項專題來講解,
因為在英語中省略無處不在,在講到具體的回語法點時,比答如講到時間狀語從句時,帶著講一下時間狀語從句的省略就行了。
也就是只能在具體的語法點里,如果有省略的用法就帶著講一下,等語法點講的差不多了,省略的用法也就基本上都帶到了,這時再來簡單總結一下即可,畢竟省略不是重點。
❽ 英語中省略有那些
如果是that引導賓語從句,這個that一般可以省。
同一句話中,如果有多個謂語動詞而主語相同,一般主語只保留一個,其它省略。
哎呀,多了,你要說具體一點嘛。
❾ 關於英語語法的問題:省略句的語法,舉幾個例子.
狀語從句的省略:主句主語和從句主語一致且從句謂語動詞含有動詞回BE省略從句的主語答和BE.
When( I was) in Japan,I took many beautiful pictures.
I won't go unless (I am) invited.