① 英語語法的非謂語動詞
您好！很高興為您解答！
由於您沒有具體指出非謂語動詞的哪種用法，以下是非謂語動詞用法小結：
1.不帶to的不定式
1）在表示生理感覺的動詞後的不定式不帶to。這類詞有：
feel 覺得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear聽到
watch注視 listen to聽 perceive察覺，感知
notice注意 see看見 look at看 hear聽
2)另一類是某些使役動詞，如make, let，have等。
(注)：
①上述感覺動詞與使役動詞轉換為被動結構時．其後的不定式一般需帶to，如：
He was seen to come．
The boy was made to go to bed early.
②在動詞find與help之後，不定式可帶to亦可不帶to，如:
He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season．他發現羊在此季節越出柵欄，感到驚訝。
3)在do nothing／anything／everything but(except)結構中。例如：
Last night I did nothing but watch TV．昨天晚上，我除了看電視別的什麼也沒有干。
但是，如果謂語動詞不是「do nothing，anything，everything」，那麼but(except)所跟的不定式則仍須帶。
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking．醫生除了讓他戒煙，其它什麼都沒有說。
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent．除了保持沉默以外，他們沒有別有別的辦法。
2.with 的復合結構（作狀語或作定語）
with+ n.+ to do/ to be done （動詞不定式的動作還未進行）
with+ n.+ doing/ being done （動詞不定式的動作正在進行）
with+ n.+ done （動詞不定式的動作已經完成或指n. 所處的狀態）
1). With so many problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard year.
2). He was lying in bed, with his eyes fixed on the ceiling
3.不定式和分詞作狀語的區別
（1）現在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區別。
現在分詞做狀語與過去分詞做狀語的最主要區別在於兩者與所修飾的主語的主動與被動關系的區別。
1）現在分詞作狀語時，現在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作，它們之間的關系是主動關系。
3). With the temple being repaired, we can』t visited it.
2）過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作，它們之間的關系是被動關系。
(2)動詞不定式和分詞作狀語的區別
1)分詞作狀語一般表示伴隨，而不定式常常表示目的。
They stood by the roadside talking about the plan．他們站在路邊談論著這個計劃。(伴隨)
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan．他們站在路邊為的是談論這個計劃。(目的)
2)分詞作狀語放在句子開頭，除表示原因之外有時表示時間或條件。動詞不定式作狀語時，除了表示目的以外，還表示結果或原因。
Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．由於在專心讀書，他忘了吃午飯的時間。(原因)
② 初三英文語法（要最詳細的~）
初三語法講義
一．動詞（一）名詞
名詞分類：可數名詞，不可數名詞可數名詞變復數
1． 在名詞詞尾加-s
girl, girls; table, tables; roof, roofs; school, schools
2.以o, s, sh, ch, x結尾的名詞，加-es
tomato, tomatoes; class, classes; watch, watches; bush, bushes
3.以o結尾加-s
piano, pianos; photo, photos
4.以輔音字母加y結尾的，去掉y，加-ies
baby, babies; family, families; university, universities
5.以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s
toy, toys; monkey, monkeys; guy, guys
6.以f或者fe結尾的，去掉f, fe加-ves
wife, wives; life, lives; wolf, wolves; calf, calves
7. 改變形式的復數
man, men; child, children; foot, feet; mouse, mice; tooth, teeth
8.單數復數形式一樣
fish, fish; sheep, sheep; deer, deer; swine, swine
9.特殊詞彙的復數
looker-on, lookers-on; passer-by, passers-by
不可數名詞沒有數的概念
名詞所有格
1．一般情況』s
2．表示時間、距離、城市、國家
today』s paper at arms』 length a mile』s journey
Beijing』s weather China』s economy
3．of表示所有格 4．雙重所有格
a friend of mine a child of hers
（二）代詞
人稱代詞 人稱 單數 復數 主格 賓格
第一人稱
I me we us
第二人稱
you you you you
第三人稱
he him
they them
she her
it it
物主代詞
單數復數第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱
形容詞性物主代詞
My Your His Her Its Our Your Their
名詞性物主代詞
Mine Yours His Hers Its Ours Yours Theirs
反身代詞人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數
myselfyourselfhimself herself itself
復數ourselvesyourselvesthemselves
相互代詞each other/one another
不定代詞another/other/others
（三）數詞
基數詞
One two three four five six…..Hundreds of 正確數詞+hundred 正確
Hundred of 錯誤數詞+hundreds 錯誤數詞+hundreds of 錯誤
序數詞First second third fourth….
分數1/3 one third2/3 two thirds
（四）冠詞不定冠詞
例句用於可數名詞單數形式前
usan is a scientist.Pass me an orange, please.
不特指某人或某物
A boy is looking for you.
We work five days a week.
表示「一」的數量，但沒有one強烈
We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow.
I have a mouth, a nose, two eyes and two ears.
用於固定片語中
A few, a little, a lot of, a moment ago
定冠詞
例句特指某人或者某物
Show me the photo of the boy.
雙方都知道的事物或人
Where are the new books, Jim?
They are on the small table.
上文提過的人或物
Ji Wei lives on a farm. The farm is not big.
獨一無二
The sun is bigger than the moon.
序數詞和形容詞最高級前
The first month of the year is January.
普通名詞構成的專有名詞前
The Great Wall
習慣用語
In the morning
On the left
零冠詞
用法
例句
專有名詞和不可數名詞前
China
名詞已經有定語this, that, my, your, some, any等
That letter is in her bag.
復數名詞表示一類人或物
My father and mother are teachers.
星期、月份、季節、節日前
It is Sunday today.
稱呼前
What colour are Mrs. Green』s shoes?
三餐和球類運動前
He went to school before breakfast this morning.
（五）介詞
多數考察為固定搭配，需要死記硬背
（六）形容詞與副詞
規則變化
構成方法
原級
比較級
最高級
單音節和少數雙音 節詞
一般在詞尾加-er/est
Cold
Strong
Fast
slow
Colder
Stronger
Faster
slower
Coldest
Strongest
Fastest
slowest
以字母e結尾的形容詞，在詞尾加-r/-st
Nice
large
Nicer
larger
Nicest
largest
重讀閉音節詞只有一個輔音字母時雙寫輔音字母，加-er/-est
Big
Thin
hot
Bigger
Thinner
hotter
Biggest
Thinnest
hottest
以輔音字母+y結尾的雙音節詞改y為i加-er/est
Easy
happy
Easier
happier
Easiest
happiest
部分雙音節詞
在詞前面加more/most
Delicious
Interesting
Easily
Carefully
More Delicious
More Interesting
More Easily
More Carefully
Most Delicious
Most Interesting
Most Easily
Most Carefully
不規則變化
原級
比較級
最高級
Good/well
Bad/badly/ill
Many/much
Little
far
Better
Worse
more
Less
Father
further
Best
Worst
Most
Least
Farthest
furthest
形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級的用法
級
用法
例句
比較級
表示兩者的比較
Mr. King is taller than Mr. Read.
最高級
表示三者或者三者以上的比較
Whose drawing is the best of all?
She is the youngest in the class.
同級比較
I think science is as important as maths.
It is not as(so) warm today as yesterday.
二．動詞
（一） 時態
1．一般現在時
三單變形
情況
變化規則
例詞
一般情況
加-s
come, comes; learn, learns
以o,s,x,ch,sh結尾的詞
加-es
pass, passes; do, does
以輔音加y結尾的詞
變y為i加-es
fly, flies; cry, cries
2.現在進行時
現在分詞構成方法
情況及變化
例詞
一般情況，在動詞原形後加-ing
go, going; see, seeing
以不發音的e結尾的動詞去掉e加-ing
take, taking; live, living
以重讀閉音節結尾的詞，如果詞尾只有一個輔音字母，先把詞尾的輔音字母雙寫，再加-ing
plan, planning; cut, cutting; forget, forgetting
以ie結尾的詞變ie為y加-ing
die, dying; lie, lying; tie, tying
以ye和oe結尾的詞，直接加-ing
eye, eyeing; dye, dyeing
3.一般將來時
shall
will
be going to
4一般過去時
規則動詞過去構成
構成規則
原形
過去式
一般動詞在尾加-ed
look
play
start
looked
played
stared
結尾是e的動詞加-d
live
hope
use
lived
hoped
used
末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節，雙寫輔音字母，加-ed
stop
plan
trip
stopped
planned
tripped
結尾是輔音字母+y的動詞，變y為i加-ed
study
carry
worry
studied
carried
worried
詞尾 –ed的讀音
讀音
例詞
濁輔音和母音後
/d/
called borrowed
moved enjoyed
welcomed answered
清輔音後
/t/
finished helped
passed cooked
在t, d後面
/id/
wanted shouted
needed counted
5．過去進行時
was/were+現在分詞
6．現在完成時
have/has+過去分詞
用法一：表示從過去發生一直到現在，特點：用延續動詞，加段時間狀語
用法二：表示過去發生的事情而不用一般過去時，特點：不用延續動詞，不加段時間狀語
構成
7．過去完成時
時間軸：
--------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------à
A B C
過去的過去 過去 現在
（過去完成時態）
用法一：表示從過去發生一直到過去一時間，特點：用延續動詞，加段時間狀語
用法二：表示過去的過去發生的事情
8．過去將來時
不是考試的重點
（二） 被動語態
使用情況：不知道誰是主語
不強調主語
用來表示客觀的表達
構成：助動詞be+過去分詞
有些動詞主動語態中省略了不定式在變為被動語態時要講TO補充出來（非謂語動詞重點講解）
（三） 情態動詞
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would)
dare/need
dare
肯定
否定
情態動詞
dare do
dare not do
實意動詞
dare/dares to do
do/does not dare to do
need
肯定
否定
情態動詞
need do
need not do
實意動詞
need / need s to do
do/does not need to do
may/can
may表示許可
can 表示自身能力
can/be able to區別
a) Can只有現在和過去兩個時態，be able to可以是任何時態
b) Can 不強調結果一定成功，be able to暗示結果一定成功
must表示必須，否定用needn』t
mustn』t表示禁止
（四） 非謂語動詞
1． 不定式to do
否定不定式為not to do
可以省略不定式to的詞
let/make/have/see/hear/watch/notice/feel/look at/listen to
注意：在以上詞出現在被動句中時要將to補充出來
2． 現在分詞與過去分詞
flying bird可以表達成the bird is flying.
broken arm可以表達成 the arm is broken
現在分詞強調過程，過去分詞強調結果
falling leaf/fallen leaf
boiling water/boiled water
3.動詞後加動詞的不同形式
(1)、加to doing
devote to doing/ get down to doing/ object to doing/ look forward to doing/ be used to doing
(2)、加to do
afford/agree/ask/attempt/choose/decide/hope/expect/intend/learn/manage/offer/plan/pretend/promise/refuse/wish
(3)、加doing
admit/appreciate/avoid/can』t help/stand/enjoy/escape/put off/risk/give up
(4)、加to do/doing都可以的但是意思有區別的
forget/remember/stop
(5)、加do/doing都可以但是意思有區別的
see/notice/hear
三．簡單句
（一） 反意疑問句
反意疑問句
反意疑問句用來表示提問者有一定的主見，但是沒有把握，希望對方來證實。
The weather here is very cold, isn』t it? Yes, it is.
You』re from Australia, aren』t you? yes, I am.
對反意疑問句回答，不管問題的提法如何，事實是肯定的就用肯定回答，否定的就要用否定的回答。
He isn』t going to the meeting, is he?
Yes, he is. 不，他要去的
No, he isn』t. 對，他不去
反意疑問句通常由一個陳述句和一個疑問句組成。當陳述句為肯定時，疑問句為否定；當陳述句為否定時，疑問句為肯定。但是以下幾個要注意：
1. 陳述部分主語 I, 疑問部分要用aren』t I
I am as tall as your sister, aren』t I ?
2. 陳述部分謂語是wish, 疑問部分要用may+主語
I wish to have a word with you, may I ?
3. 陳述部分用no, nothing, nobody ,never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時，疑問部分用肯定。
The Swede made no answer, did he?
4.有ought to的，陳述部分是肯定的，疑問部分用shouldn』t/oughtn』t+主語
He ought to know what to do, oughtn』t he?
5. 陳述部分有have to疑問部分用don』t+主語
we have to get there at eight tomorrow, don』t we?
6．陳述部分謂語是used to，疑問部分用didn』t+主語或者didn』t+主語
He used to take pictures there, didn』t he?
7．陳述部分有had better疑問句用hadn』t you?
You』d better read it by yourself, hadn』t you?
8.陳述部分有would rather疑問句用wouldn』t +主語
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn』t he?
9．陳述部分有．陳述部分有you』d like to疑問部分用wouldn』t+主語
You』d like to go with me, wouldn』t you?
10．感嘆句中，疑問部分用謂語+主語
What colours, aren』t they?
what a smell, isn』t it?
11陳述部分由neither…nor, either…or疑問部分根據實際邏輯意義而定
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
12． 陳述部分主語是指示代詞或者不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this疑問部分主語it
Everything is ready, isn』t it?
13.陳述部分為主語從句，疑問部分要根據情況而定
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn』t he?
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
I don』t think he is bright, is he?
14陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等疑問部分常用復數they
Everyone knows the answer, don』t they?
15.省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部分用will you
don』t do that again, will you?
16.陳述部分是there be結構，疑問部分用there省略主語代詞
There is something wrong with your watch, isn』t here?
17．否定前綴不能視為否定詞
it is impossible, isn』t it?
18．Must表示推測時，根據其推測情況來確定
He must be there now, isn』t he?
（二）感嘆句
How cold it is today!
What a good idea!
（三）祈使句
肯定類型
Be careful!
Come in, please.
Let me have a look.
否定類型
Don』t be lazy.
Don』t throw the ball like that.
Let him not go there./ Don』t let her go there
四．復合句
（一） 定語從句
We all like Old Fish that is handsome.
先行詞 關系詞
關系代詞： which, who, whom, whose, that
關系副詞：when, why, where
1．先行詞指人，用who/whom
（1）who可以做主語、賓語、或者表語，但who之前不能有介詞
（2）whom只能做賓語或者表語，但在all of/many of加先行詞時後只能加whom
注意：who.whom做賓語可以省略
2．先行詞為物，用which
（1）which可以代單詞
（2）which可以代短語
（3）which可以代句子
3．that與which區別
（1）只能用that情況
先行詞有人有物
先行詞為 all, little, few, much, none, the first, etc
先行詞為不定代詞
先行詞前修飾詞為 any, only, every, no, some, much, few, little, the first, the best, the only, the on, the very, the right, the last
（2）只能用which情況
非限定性定語從句
關系詞前有介詞
4．whose表示所屬關系
（1）whose後加名詞
（2）可以代人可以代物
（3）先行詞加whose加名詞=先行詞加名詞 of which結構
介詞+關系代詞=關系副詞
關系代詞後加不完整句
關系副詞/介詞+關系代詞後加完整句
主系表： 主系表都有， 完整句
主系表缺一個，不完整句
主謂賓：謂語動詞為及物動詞：主謂賓都有，完整句
主謂賓缺一個，不完整句
謂語動詞為不及物動詞： 主+動詞+介詞+賓語，完整句
主+動詞，完整句
主+動詞+介詞，不完整句
（二） 狀語從句
時間狀語從句：when, before, after, while, since, as, till, as soon as, the moment….
地點狀語從句: where, wherever
條件狀語從句：if, unless, so long as, as long as, in case, if only, provided that….
原因狀語從句：because, since, as, now that
結果狀語從句：so, so that, so…that, such…that
讓步狀語從句：though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever
目的狀語從句: that, so that, so, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest
比較狀語從句：than, as…as, so…as
五．主謂一致
就近原則
or, nor, either or, neither nor, not only…but also
就前原則
as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, as well as, in addition to, with, along with, together with, except
集體名詞的主謂一致
people, cattle, youth, police+復數謂語
machinery, equipment, furniture+單數謂語
audience, committee, crew, family, government, army, enemy, group, staff, team, couple, band+可單可復
時間、地點等數量概念的主謂一致
謂語用單數
Ten miles is a long way to go.
a of b結構中的主謂一致
按照A來確定謂語
a pair of trousers is enough.
Two pair of trousers are enough.
以S結尾的主謂一直問題：地理名詞、群島山脈等風景、學科名詞
國家加單數謂語： the United States
地理名詞，群島山脈等風景加復數謂語： the West Indies, Himalayas, Straits of England
學科名詞加單數謂語： politics, economics
六．習慣用語
七．固定搭配
八．介詞搭配
（一） 介詞＋名詞
against one』s will
at a loss
at one time
at home
at the same time
at work
at night
beside the point
by chance
by the way
by the end of
by all means
for the time being
for the sake of
from beginning to end
from time to time
in the end
in surprise
in trouble
in the street
in English
in a word
in the meantime
in vain
in need
in half
in no time
in a low voice
in the least
in public
in life
in a minute
in the eyes of
in time
in sight of
in place of
in detail
in a hurry
in any case
in case
in charge of
in bed
in addition to
in the course of
in particular
in time of
in return
in spite of
in reply to
in memory of
in honour of
in fear of
influence on
off hand
on guard against
on the ground
on the radio
on the way
on the right
on purpose
on strike
on account of
on sale
on the air
on time
out of work
out of order
on behalf of
on watch
on the whole
on show
on day
out of sight
out of repair
out of place
out of practice
out of date
out of breath
over the radio
to this day
thousands of
on the one hand, on the other hand
（二）形容詞＋介詞
absent from
aware of
apart from
according to
anxious for
angry at
afraid of
busy with
careful of
cruel to
e to
different from
equal to
be familiar to sb
be familiar with sth
be famous for
far from
fond of
full of
fussy about
grateful for
good at
hard on
interested in
instead of
kind to
keen on
late for
opposite to
once for all
polite to
proude of
ready for
responsible for
short of
sorry for
strict with
thankful to
wrong with
（三）動詞＋介詞
act on
answer for
agree to
agree with
agree on
arrive at
aim at
ask after
ask for
borrow from
believe in
belong to
break into
beat down on
begin at
base on
consist of
congratulate on
come to an end
compare with
compare to
care for
change for
change from to
clear up
catch up with
come across
come into
call up
call for
catch hold of
call on
depend on
do away with
disagree with
die of
die from
die for
devote to
engaged in
end with
fit in with
fail in
find out
give up
get over
get on
get on
get in touch with
get ready for
get in
go in for
grow up
give in
give lessons to
get up
go on
go all out
go through
go over
go down
go on with
go without
hand in
have nothing to do with
have something to do with
have a look at
head for
help with
have a word with
have words with
hope for
introce to
be inspired by
insist on
interfere with
join in
keep on
knock at
keep up with
long for
look up to
look up
learn by heart
leave for
look for
lie in
live on
laugh at
look down upon
look forward to
look through
meet with
make up one』s mind
make friends with
make room for
owe to
operate on
pay attention to
play with
put up
put off
point out
put up with
prevent from
persist in
put into practice
run out of
reply to
recover from
rely on
rob of
run over
result from
result in
set an example to
set about
set out
succeed in
speak of
supply with
share in
share with
settle in
see through
send for
stand by
stand for
stop from
spend on
show around
talk about
tide over
turn against
turn into
turn to
think of
think about
take care of
take off
turn out
turn round
turn up
take part in
to begin with
wait for
watch out for
write to
wake up
watch over
（四）過去分詞＋介詞
be absorbed in
be burdened with
be connected with
be covered with
be crowded with
be dressed in
be engaged to
be equipped with
be experienced in
be filed with
be furnished with
be interested in
be joined to
be known as
be known for
be made into
be made up of
be married to
be pleased with
be prepared for
be regarded as
be satisfied with
be ashamed of
be tired of
be terrified at
（五）動詞＋名詞＋介詞
apply ones』 mind to
catch sight of
do harm to
do wrong to
feel pity for
fix one』s eyes on
form the habit of
get a good hold of
give advice on
have none of
have trust in
have difficulty in
have trouble in
have effect on
have mercy on
have the honour of
keep a record of
make fun of
make best use of
make an apology
make one』s way to
make preparations for
make a mistake about
pass a judgment on
set fire to
put one』s heart and soul into
shake hands with
take aim at
take the side of
throw light on
take pride in
take delight in
take a message for
（六）動詞＋副詞＋介詞
add up to
break away from
be up to
cut down on
come up to
do well in
drop in on
face up to
fit in with
fall back on
get though with
get down to
get along with
go out of
go on with
go back on
go out of
go in for
grow out of
go ahead with
keep away from
keep up with
live up to
make up for
make up with
make out of
think highly of
watch out for
work hard at
（七）動詞＋介詞＋名詞
arrive at a conclusion
burst into pieces
burst into tears
burst into laughter
come to the rescue
come into use
come into power
come into effect
come into light
come to a conclusion
get in a word
set to work take on a new look
③ 初三英語復習，非謂語動詞！大師級回答！
B （prefer doing sth. to doing sth. else 喜歡做某事而不是別的事）
C （stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事；throw litter about 「亂丟垃圾」）
C （have a picture discussed 讓人討論一幅畫）【這個句子後面的were very important 是多餘的。估計是打錯字了】
A （excited 「興奮的」，用來描述人）
A （sing是感官動詞，後接賓語+不帶to的賓補）
D （第一個空 have sb. do sth.，使役動詞+賓語+不帶to的賓補；第二個空 have the trees watered，意思是「請人給樹澆水」，樹是被澆，所以用過去分詞。）
④ 初三英語問題非謂語動詞
答案：A
解析：hear sb. doing sth. 聽到某人正在做某事
翻譯：剛才你聽到hey在隔壁唱歌了嗎？
希望能幫到你，祝更上一層樓O(∩_∩)O
有不明白的請繼續追問(*^__^*)
⑤ 英語語法-關於非謂語動詞
完整的一抄個句子必須有襲謂語動詞。但是分句就不一定了。 I like him. HelloKitty is cute. If time permitting， I will go shopping. 動詞後面可以跟副詞和名詞，只是意義不同。
⑥ 初中英語語法非謂語動詞
實意動詞除作謂語外，還有不能單獨作謂語的形式，即非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞包括：不定式，動名詞，分詞（現在分詞和過去分詞）
動名詞
動名詞是動詞-ing形式的一種，特點是只能作句子的主語和賓語，但是沒有單復數形式之分，在此不再贅述。
動詞不定式
動詞不定式在句子中可以充當主語，賓語(表語)，定語，狀語，和賓語補足語。
不定式充當主語常用形式主語it作形式主語，例如：
It
is
very
hard
to
finish
the
work
in
ten
minutes.
It
means
failure
to
lose
your
heart.
不定式充當賓語一般表示短暫的或尚未發生的行為。例如:
I
like
drinking
tea
in
usual,but
today
I
like
to
have
a
little
wine.
After
walking
for
a
whole
day,
Tom
only
wanted
to
sleep.
注意當不定式作賓語時如果有賓語補足語，則用it作形式賓語，例：Marx
found
it
important
to
study
the
situation
in
Russia.
不定式作定語一般要後置，例如：①Allen
is
the
best
man
to
take
this
job.②He
found
a
good
house
to
live
in.
不定式作賓語補足語：在復合賓語中，動詞不定式可充當賓語補足語，常見該類動詞有:
want,
wish,
ask,
tell,
order,
beg,
permit,
help,
advise,
persuade,
allow,
prepare,
cause,
force,
call
on,
wait
for,
invite.
有些動詞如make,
let,
see,
watch,
hear,
feel,
have等與不帶有to的不定式連用，但改為被動語態時，不定式要to,
如：
I
saw
him
cross
the
road.
He
was
seen
to
cross
the
road.
此外，介詞有時也與這種復合賓語連用，如：With
a
lot
of
work
to
do,
he
didn』t
go
to
the
cinema.
不定式作狀語通常有以下幾種用法：
表目的：He
worked
day
and
night
to
get
the
money.
注意不定式放句首時，邏輯主語與句子主語要一致：
表結果：He
arrived
late
to
find
the
train
gone.常用only放在不定式前表示強調：I
visited
him
only
to
find
him
out.
表原因：They
were
very
sad
to
hear
the
news.
表程度：It』s
too
dark
for
us
to
see
anything.
作獨立成分：To
tell
you
the
truth,
I
don』t
like
the
way
he
talked.
注意①不定式的省略：保留to省略do動詞。If
you
don』t
want
to
do
it,
you
don』t
need
to.②不定式的並列：第二個不定式可省略to。He
wished
to
study
medicine
and
become
a
doctor
分詞
分詞在句子中可以充當定語，補語和狀語。注意在區分使用現在還是過去分詞時，最簡潔有效的方法是看分詞與被修飾詞的關系。如果分詞的動作是被修飾詞發出的，就使用現在分詞；如果分詞的動作是被修飾詞承受的，就使用過去分詞。例如：
作狀語：
①Listening
to
the
music,Tom
cleaned
the
house.（聽音樂的動作也是由Tom發出的）
②Blamed
by
his
father,
the
boy
left
home
without
words.（the
boy是責罵的承受者）
注意當動作由被修飾者發出但是分詞的動作與主句的動作有明顯時間差時，要使用現在分詞的完成時，例如：
Having
finished
all
the
homework,
Mary
helped
her
mother
with
the
housework.做完功課之後，瑪麗幫媽媽做家務。
作定語和賓語補足語：
The
interesting
boy
makes
people
interested.這個有趣的小男孩讓人們很感興趣。（boy是動作的發出者，所以用現在分詞修飾；people是承受者，所以用過去分詞修飾）
The
annoying
noise
made
all
students
annoyed.惱人的噪音讓學生們都很惱火。（noise是動作的發出者，所以用現在分詞修飾；students是承受者，所以用過去分詞修飾）
動詞現在分詞作賓補與不定式作賓補的區別見單詞總結。