㈠ 八年級上學期的英語語法總結（全部）！
一、只能修飾可數名詞的詞語有:
many, many a(n), a good / great many, a (great / large) number of, scores of, dozens of等。例如:
Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.
開張後的頭幾天,很多人去了那兒。
I have been there dozens of times.
我已去過那兒很多次了。
There』re a number of students reading English in the classroom.
教室里有許多學生在讀英語。
Many a student has(=many students have)visited the Great Wall.(謂語動詞用單數)
很多學生都游覽過長城。
In winter, a good many animals sleep under the snow.
冬天很多動物在雪下冬眠。
注意: many所修飾的復數名詞前若有限定詞,many 後面要接of, 表示「……中的很多」。 例如:
A great many(of the) graates have found jobs.
畢業生中很多人已經找到了工作。
二、只能修飾不可數名詞的詞語有:
much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等。例如:
Is there much water in the bucket?
桶里有很多水嗎?
He always has a great amount of work to do.
他總是有很多工作要做。
三、既能修飾可數名詞又能修飾不可數名詞的詞語有:
a lot of, lots of, plenty of (以上三個詞語後謂語動詞的數依of 後的名詞的單復數而定),a great / large quantity of (其後謂語用單數),quantities of (其後謂語用復數)。例如:
There is still lots of snow in the garden.
花園里還有許多雪。
There is plenty of rain here.
這兒的雨水很多。
A great quantity of flowers was placed in the hall.
大廳里放了很多鮮花。
There are large quantities of food in the cupboard.
櫥櫃里有許多食物。
在所有這些表示「很多」的詞語中many, much 是最常用的詞,它們既可以用於肯定句,也可以用於疑問句和否定句。例如:
Are there many people in the street?
街上有很多人嗎?
There isn』t much time left.
剩下的時間不多了。
其它的詞語都用於肯定句,日常會話中常用lots of, a lot of 或plenty of; 正式文體中常用 a great many, a (large) number of, a great deal of, scores of 或 dozens of 等。但若肯定句中有too, so, as, very或how 等詞修飾時,則必須使用 many, much。例如:
The number of the people who lost their homes reached as many as 250,000.
無家可歸的人數多達250,000人。
There is too much work to do.
要做的工作太多了。
或者是這樣的，你自己看下，哪Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
Grammar: 特殊疑問句：wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。
特殊疑問句的構成及用法：
結構：特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句， 即：特殊疑問詞+be/助動詞/情態動詞+主語+謂語/表語（+其他）
疑問代詞：
1) Who:誰。做主語，用來指人 Who is the boy under the tree?
2）Whom 誰，做賓語，用來指人 Whom are you writing to?
3) Whose 誰的，用來指所屬關系，如果做定語，一般後接名詞 Whose pen is this?
4) Which 哪個，哪些，用來指對人或物在一定范圍之內進行選擇 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lily』s?
5)What什麼，通常指物，也可指人，一般用在沒有指出范圍的情況下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?
疑問副詞：
When:何時，詢問時間 When will she come back?
Where何地，詢問地點， Where do you come from?
Why為什麼，詢問原因， Why are you late for school?
How 如何，詢問手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?
How old多大，詢問年齡，How old is Jim』s little brother?
How many/much多少，詢問數量 How many birds are there in the tree?
How far多遠，詢問距離， How far is it form your home to school?
How long多長，多久，詢問時間的長度或距離 How long will you stay in Beijing?
How often多長時間按一次，詢問頻率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?
How soon多久，詢問時間 How soon will you come back?
頻率副詞：表示動作發生的頻率，never, sometimes, often, usually, always.
Unit 2 What』s the matter with you?
Grammar:
1. 用have 來描述身體不適 have/have got a +疾病名字；得了……病
2.情態動詞should,情態動詞should,can, may, must沒有人稱和時態的變化，後接動詞原形
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
Grammar:現在進行時表將來 一般將來時
表示將要做某事或計劃打算做某事要用到句型「be+doing」其中be是助動詞，它有人稱和單復數的變化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是現在進行時的形式，但用於表示將來。用進行時表將來，常用於表示即將來臨的未來預定要做的事情，一般指個人計劃要做的事。用於此情況的動詞一般是表示位置轉移的動詞，如，go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。
一．肯定句中，結構為「be+doing.」
I am going shopping this afternoon.
二．否定句是在be之後加not. I』m not going to shopping this afternoon.
三．一般疑問句是將be置於句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are. No, I』m not./ We aren』t.
四．特殊疑問句「疑問詞+一般疑問句語序。」
What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping?
Who are you going there with? Where is she going?
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
Grammar: How引導的特殊疑問句：是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等詞開頭的疑問句。
How does he get to shool?---- He takes the train to get to shool.
How long does it take to walk? ----It takes about 35 minutes to walk.
How far is it from your home to school? It』s four miles from my home to school.
How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.
How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.
How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.
特殊疑問句的簡略結構：how about…?+ 名詞或動詞-ing形式，用於提出建議、請求或徵求意見、詢問消息等。如：How about playing tennis?
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
Grammar:情態動詞can及邀請句式及其問答
情態動詞can的用法：
Can 是最長用的情態動詞，其後跟動詞原形，can的否定形式為cannot，can』t.
can表「能力」，意思是：能，會 I can paly basketball,but I can』t swim.
can表示能力時可和be able to 互換，be able to有更多的時態，常被用來表示can所 不能表示的將來或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.
表示「可能性」，意思是：可以，可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.
表示允許，意思是可以能夠 You can have the book when I have finished it.
表示「驚訝、不相信等（用於疑問句、否定句或感嘆句中」。意思是「會、可能。」
This can』t be true. Can it be true?
如何發出、接受和謝絕別人的邀請
表達邀請的常用句型：
Can you come to…?
Could you come to…?
Would you like to come to…?
Do you want to come to…?
接受邀請的常用句型：
Sure. Certainly. OK. I』d love to.
謝絕邀請的常用句型：
I』m sorry, I can』t. I have to…
I』m afraid I can』t. I have to…
I don』t think I can. I have to…
Unit 6 I』m more outgoing than my sister.
Grammar:形容詞的比較級
規則變化、不規則變化（課本P93）
than 是比較級中最常見的標志詞，意思是「比」。用於引出比較的對象。1.He draws better than me.2.You』re older than I am. You are older than me.
形容詞比較級前，有時可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等詞來修飾。Much 和far表示「……得多」,much better好得多，a little, a bit表示稍微，一些，一點。a little shorter, 稍微矮點；even表示「甚至，更加，還要……」even bigger還要大些，three times表示 「…三倍」，如three times bigger than 比……大三倍
Very絕不可以用來修飾比較級，very,so,too, quite 修飾原級
Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?
Grammar: 可數名詞與不可數名詞
一．可數名詞
英語中的物質名詞大體上可分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。可數名詞指物體的數量可數。其單數形式可在名詞前加a或an,表示一個，如a pear. 其負數形式要在詞尾加-s,或-es（特殊情況除外），如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags
二．不可數名詞
1.不可數名詞指物體的數量不可數。不可數名詞沒有單復數之分，也不能在詞前直接加冠詞a 或an.表示不可數名詞的數量時可在不可數名詞前加相應的由量詞構成的短語。如a bag of… 2.常見的量詞短語有：
a piece of… a cup of… a teaspoon of… a bottle of…
3.不可數名詞還可以用下面的詞表示數量：much much rain a little little
4.既可以修飾不可數名詞又可以修飾不可數名詞的詞有：
Lots of= a lot of許多，大量 some一些（用於肯定句）any一些（用於否定句和一般疑問句）
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
Grammar:
一般過去時：指在過去某一時間內發生的動作或存在的狀態，常和表示過去意義的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday, last year(week,month…),two years ago, in2006等。有時也可用when,after,before, as soon as引導的時間狀語從句。該時態在句中的體現是謂語動詞用過去式。謂語be動詞→was/were 否定：wasn』t /weren』t
Be動詞句型
一般疑問句：was/were +主語…
特殊疑問句：疑問詞+was/were+主語
陳述句：主語+was/were+…(肯定句) 否定句：主語+wasn』t/weren』t+…
行為動詞句型（當句中的動詞為行為動詞時，要藉助動詞did構成一般疑問句和否定句）
肯定式：主語+動詞過去式
否定式：主語+didn』t+動詞原形
一般疑問句：Did +主語+動詞原形
特殊疑問句：Did+主語+動詞原形
Unit 9 When was he born?
Grammar: 一般過去時的特殊疑問句
一般過去時的特殊疑問句的變法同一般現在時一樣，不同之處在於須將be動詞或助動詞改為過去時態，即「特殊疑問詞+were或was(第三人稱單數)+主語+（表語）+其他成分」或「特殊疑問詞+助動詞did+主語+實義動詞+其他成分。」
以when引導的特殊疑問句，對某人的出生年月進行提問，句型是：
When was/were…born? … was/were born in +時間
When was David beckham born? 大衛.貝克漢姆是什麼時候出生的？He was born in 1975.
二．以how long 引導的特殊疑問句，對表示某一短時間的狀語進行提問。句型是：
How long did + 主語+動詞？
How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.
三．When did he start hiccupping? 他什麼時候開始打嗝？When +did+主語+動詞？
Unit 10 I』m going to be a basketball player.
Grammar:一般將來時
表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態，也表示將來經常或反復發生的動作，常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。
1. be going to + 動詞原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?
2. will/shall + 動詞原形 I will go to my hometown next week.
3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.
4. be +動詞不定式 You are to be back by 10 o』clock.
5. be + about + 動詞不定式 The meeting is about to begin.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
Grammar:情態動詞
情態動詞，表示說話者對某一動作的看法和態度，包括可能、懷疑、允許、願望、必要、猜測等。Can(能、會),may( 可以),must( 必須、一定)等。
情態動詞的特點：(1)情態動詞有一定詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，必須和另一個動詞原形一起構成謂語，且沒有人稱和數的變化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.
(2)變否定句時，直接在情態動詞後面加not,無需加助動詞。He can』t play the guitar well.
He can』t answer the question. You mustn』t be late.
(3)含有情態動詞的句子變一般疑問句時，須將情態動詞提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?
(4)can 可表示能力、允許、可能性、懷疑猜測，意為「能，會，可以。」can』t, 意為「不能，不會，不可以。」，還有「不可能」之意。
--Can you drive? – Sorry, I can』t. It can』t be true.
(5)can 也可表示請求與邀請
Can you please sweep the floor?
Unit12 What』s the best radio station?
Grammar:形容詞/副詞的最高級，用於三者或三者以上的人或事物之間的比較，表示在一群人或事物中，其中一個 「最……」見課本p93語法
the +最高級 She is the tallest of all her classmates.
最高級可被序數詞以及much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like等修飾。This hat is by far the biggest.
表示最高程度的形容詞，excellent, extreme, prefect等沒有最高級也不能用比較級。He is an excellent teacher.
形容詞最高級間修飾做表語或介詞並與的名詞代詞是，被修飾的詞往往省略。
He is the youngest (boy) in his class.
Who/Which +be+最高級，A,B,or C? Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car?
the +序數詞+最高級 He is the second tallest student in our class.
One of the +最高級+復數名詞 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.個完整你選擇哪個吧！
㈡ 初二英語幾個重點語法
一. 知識點總結：
（一）
一般將來時
一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或者存在的狀態。通常與表示將來的時間狀語連用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。
be going to do （動詞原形）結構：表示打算、准備做的事情或者肯定要發生的事情。如：It is going to rain.
will do 結構表示將來的用法：
1. 表示預見
Do you think it will rain?
You will feel better after a good rest.
2. 表示意圖
I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.
What will she do tomorrow?
基本構成如下：
一般疑問句構成：
（1）will+主語+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?
（2）there be 結構的一般疑問句：Will there + be …?
Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won』t
否定句構成：will + not （won』t）+do
Sarah won』t come to visit me next Sunday.
特殊疑問句構成：
特殊疑問詞＋will＋主語＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday?
根據例句，用will改寫下列各句
例：I don』t feel well today. （be better tomorrow）
I』ll be better tomorrow.
1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight）
_____________________________
2. I』m tired now. （sleep later）
_____________________________
3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon）
_____________________________
4. We can』t leave right now. （leave a little later）
_____________________________
5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow）
_____________________________
答案：1. She』ll have a lot of homework tonight.
2. I』ll sleep later.
3. They』ll buy one soon.
4. We』ll leave a little later.
5. Maybe it』ll be better tomorrow.
（二）should的用法：
should用來提出建議和忠告，後邊加動詞原形，否定句直接在should後邊加not.
例如：I think you should eat less junk food.
我認為你應該少吃垃圾食品。
She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.
她經常開車，很少走路。所以我認為她應該多走路。
Students shouldn』t spend too much time playing computer games.
學生們不應當花太多的時間玩計算機游戲。
學習向別人提建議的幾種句式：
（1）I think you should…
（2）Well, you could…
（3）Maybe you should …
（4）Why don』t you…?
（5）What about doing sth.?
（6）You』d better do sth.
用should或shouldn』t填空
1. I can』t sleep the night before exams.
You ______ take a warm shower before you go to bed.
2. Good friends ______ argue each other.
3. There is little milk in the glass. We _______ buy some.
4. They didn』t invite you? Maybe you ______ be friendlier.
5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _______ do exercises every day.
答案：1. should 2. shouldn』t 3. should 4. should 5. should
（三）
過去進行時
過去進行時表示過去某一點時間正在進行的動作或者過去某一段時間內一直進行的動作。
1. 構成
was /were + doing，例如：
I was watching TV at 9 o』clock last night.
at 9 o』clock last night是時間點
They were playing football all afternoon.
all afternoon是時間段
2. 過去進行時的標志詞
at 8 o』clock last night, this time yesterday等。例如：
I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.
昨天的這個時候我正在吃午飯。
At that time she was writing a book.
那陣子她在寫一本書。（表示她在那段時間里一直在做那件事情。）
用括弧中所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. This time yesterday I ____ ______（read）books.
2. At 9 o』clock last Sunday they ______ ______（have）a party.
3. When I _____（come）into the classroom, she ________ ______（read）a storybook.
4. She _____ ______（play）computer games while her mother ____ ______（cook）yesterday afternoon.
5. I _____ ______（have）a shower when you _______（call）me yesterday.
答案：1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading
4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called
（四）
間接引語
形成步驟：
（1）不要逗號，冒號，引號
（2）要考慮到人稱的變化（人稱的變化與漢語是一致的）
（3）要考慮時態的變化
（4）要考慮時間狀語、地點狀語和語示代詞的變化。
1. 直接引語變成間接引語時，幾個主要時態的變化規律
直接引語 間接引語
一般現在時 一般過去時
一般將來時 過去將來時
現在進行時 過去進行時
2. 直接引語變成間接引語時，一些詞彙的變化規律
直接引語
1. am / is
2. are
3. have / has
4. will
5. can
6. may 間接引語
1. was
2. were
3. had
4. would
5. could
6. might
用括弧中所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. She said I _____（be）hard-working.
2. Peter told me he _____（be）bored yesterday.
3. She said she _____（go）swimming last Sunday.
4. Bobby said he _____（may）call me later.
5. Antonio told me he _____（read）a book then.
答案：1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading
請轉述他人說的話：
1. I go to the beach every Saturday. （Tom）
2. I can speak three languages. （Lucy）
3. I will call you tomorrow. （Mike）
4. I』m having a surprise party for Lana. （she）
（五）
if引導的條件狀語從句
結構：if＋一般現在時，主語＋將來時
含義：如果……，將要……
例如：If you ask him, he will help you.
如果你請求他，他會幫助你。
If need be, we』ll work all night.
如果需要，我們就干個通宵。
根據中文提示，完成句子。
1. 如果你參加聚會，你將會過得很開心。
If you ________ the party, you __________.
2. 如果明天下雨，我們將不去野餐。
If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________.
3. 如果你經常聽英文歌，你將會喜歡英語的。
If you often ________, you _________________.
答案：
1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time
2. If it rains tomorrow, we won』t go to the picnic
3. If you often listen to English songs, you』ll like English
二. 完形填空特點及解題思路
（一）題型分類與特點
完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干個詞，留下一些空格，要求考生藉助短文保留的部分，從所給的短文整體出發，在正確理解短文意思的基礎上，根據句子和句子間的內在聯系、詞的用法和習慣搭配等，用適當的詞或詞語填空，使補全後的短文意思通順、前後連貫、結構完整。這種題型測試的內容從形式上看是單詞或短語的填空，但它必須注意到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語搭配和語法結構正確，所以在空格上所填的詞必須符合語義適用和語法正確兩條原則，只考慮某一側面都可能導致錯誤。中考中完形填空試題的基本題型分兩類：完形填空選擇題和完形填空題。
1. 完形填空選擇題：該題型的特點是將一篇短文中若干詞語抽掉留下空格，對每一空格提供若干個選擇項，要求考生通讀短文後，在理解短文意思的基礎上，運用所學的詞彙、句型、語法等語言知識，從所提供的備選項中選出一個最佳答案，使短文內容完整正確。中考完形填空主要以這種題型為主。它所給的短文一般與初中英語教材難易程度相當，字數在150－200個單詞之內，多數設置10個左右空格，所設考點涉及詞彙、語法及對短文內容的理解。短文的第一句一般不設空，以期提供一個語境，對每一空格設置的選項基本都屬於相同或對等的詞類，給判定選擇帶來一定的干擾，側重考查了考生准確運用詞彙的能力及對短文的整體理解和邏輯推理能力。
2. 選詞填空題：該題型的特點是把抽出的詞打亂順序，不按原文順序排列，放在短文前面或後面的方框內，有時還增加幾個文外的詞，要求考生從中選出適當的詞以正確的形式填入短文空格內。
（A）
Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase （短語）「have a day off」. He 2 , then he had an idea. 「Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ? 」he asked the teacher. 「Of course, you can. 」replied （答復）the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teacher』s door. 「May I have a day off 5 ? 」The teacher was very surprised, 「Didn』t you 6 it just now? 」「Yes, sir. But I can』t be here 7 , either. 」The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, 「Why didn』t you say『May I have two days off? 』」The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice. 「But you only 10 us『have a day off! 』」
（ ）1. A. but B. and C. or D. for
（ ）2. A. thought hardly
B. thought hard and hard
C. hard thought
D. thought and thought
（ ）3. A. Miss B. sir C. teacher D. Mr
（ ）4. A. strike B. best C. hit D. knock
（ ）5. A. also B. again C. too D. once
（ ）6. A. speak B. tell C. say D. do
（ ）7. A. tomorrow
B. the day after tomorrow
C. yesterday
D. the day before yesterday
（ ）8. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing
（ ）9. A. with B. on C. in D. by
（ ）10. A. teach B. taught C. are teaching D. were teaching
（B）
請根據內容從所給的15個單詞中選出最恰當的10個填入空白處，使短文完整，有些詞要根據需要作適當的詞形變化。
than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what
A generation gap （代溝）has become a serious problem. I read a _______（1）about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _______（2）after quarrels （爭吵）with parents. I think this is _______（3）they don』t have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _______（4）time in the office. _______（5）they don』t have much time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _______（6）they don』t have the same topics（話題）to talk about. I want to _______（7）parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _______（8）your parents. They are the people who _______（9）you. So tell them your thoughts （想法）. In this way, you can have a better _______（10）of each other.
完形填空選擇題的一般解題思路是：
1. 跳過空格、通讀全文、把握大意。先跳過空格，通讀試題所給的要完形填空的短文，獲得整體印象，做到弄清文脈、抓住主旨，較好地把握短文大意。要在閱讀理解短文意思的基礎上才開始判定選擇，切忌倉促下筆。
2. 結合選項、綜合考慮、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基礎上，再結合所給備選項細讀全文，聯繫上、下文內容，注意從上、下文的語法結構和詞語搭配及從選擇項中尋找解題的提示，以詞、句的意義為先，再從分析句子結構入手，根據短文意思、語法規則、詞語固定搭配等進行綜合考慮，對備選項逐一進行分析、比較和篩選，排除干擾項、初步選定答案。
3. 瞻前顧後、先易後難、各個擊破。動筆時要瞻前顧後、通篇考慮、先易後難。對比較明顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能確定答案的，先跳過這一空格，繼續往下做，最後回過頭來再集中精力解決難點。這時可結合已確定答案的選項再讀一遍短文，隨著對短文理解的深入，可以降低試題的難度，提高選擇的正確率。
4. 復讀全文、逐空驗證、彌補疏漏。完成各道題選擇後，把所選的答案代入原文，再把全文通讀一篇，逐空認真復查。看所選定的答案是否使短文意思前後連貫、順理成章，語法結構是否正確，是否符合習慣表達法。如發現錯誤答案或有疑問的，應再次推敲、反復斟酌、做出修正。
完形填空試題的一般解題思路是：
1. 跳過空格、通讀短文、了解大意。解題時先跳過空格，通讀完形填空的短文，了解全篇的內容和要旨。要重視首句，善於以首句的時態、語氣為立足點，理清文脈，推測全文主題及大意。
2. 復讀短文、確定語義、判斷詞形。把握短文大意後再認真復讀短文，利用上下文的語境，結合所學過的知識，先確定空格處所需詞語的意義，再根據空格在句子中的位置，判斷其在句中充當的成分，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依據詞語搭配和語法規則，判斷所填的詞的正確形式。
3. 三讀短文、上下參照、驗證答案。在短文的每一空白處填上一個詞後，將完成的短文再細讀一遍，上下參照，連貫思考。把所填的答案放入短文中進行檢驗，可從上、下文內容是否協調一致、順理成章，語法結構是否正確無誤等進行綜合驗證，凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。
（三）課文閱讀指導
1. 初中閱讀
閱讀理解能力
（1）理解主旨要義
（2）理解文中具體信息
（3）根據上下文猜測生詞的意義
（4）做出簡單判斷的推理
（5）理解文章的基本結構
（6）理解作者的意圖和態度
2. 培養良好閱讀習慣
（1）擴大視距
（2）克服聲讀
（3）克服逐字讀
3. 猜測詞文
（1）通過標題或主題句進行預測
（2）文章的標題或主題句可包括作者的意圖和傾向、篇章的總體意義和深層意義，因此通過文章標題或主題句進行預測，以便正確理解。
（3）通過語篇標記進行預測
（4）語篇標記包括關聯詞、轉換詞也包括其他關鍵詞。
（5）利用背景知識預測
（6）利用圖片進行預測
㈢ 初二年級上冊英語重點句型和語法
unit 10 I'm going to be a basketball player
【復習目標】
復習有關職業的英文表達方式 / 未來計劃的制定
談論未來自己與他人理想的職業及原因 / 談論為實現理想所做出的打算和安排
【語言目標】
● What are you going to be when you grow up I'm going to be a computer programmer.
● How are you going to do that I'm going to study computer science.
【語言結構】
● be going to 表示將來 want to be what, where, when, how 引導的特殊疑問句
【重點詞彙】
● computer programmer, professional, engineer, pilot
● computer science, dream job, grow up, move to , fashion, show, retire, save
● resolution, get good, grades, get a part-time job, make more friends
【應掌握的片語】
1. grow up 長大,成長
2. computer science計算機科學
3. be going to do 表示主觀打算,准備或有信心做某事
4. computer programmer 電腦程序設計人
5. baseball player 棒球運動員
6. take acting lessons上演技課
7. professional basketball player職業籃球運動員
8. practice basketball練習籃球
9. move somewhere=move to somewhere搬到(不具體的)某一地方
10. sound like 聽起來像……
11. part-time 兼職的,full-time 全職的,全日制的
12. a year or two 一兩年=one or two years;
an hour or two=one or two hours一兩個小時
a day or two=one or two days一兩天
13. my dream job我夢想的工作
14. what I want to do 我想做的事情
15. somewhere interesting有趣的地方
16. a reporter for fashion magazine 時裝雜志記者
17. save some money 積蓄一些錢,攢錢
18. at the same time與此同時
19. hold art exhibition舉辦美術展覽
20. all over the world全世界,世界各地
21. somewhere quiet and beautiful 安靜而美麗的地方
22. send sth. to sb. 將某物發送給某人
23. I'm not sure yet我還沒有定下來
24. the Olympic Games=the Olympics奧運會
25. New Year's resolutions新年的決心
26. play an instrument 彈一種樂器
27. get a part-time job找到一份兼職工作
28. make the soccer team組建足球隊
29. get good grades獲得好成績
30. eat healthier food吃健康的食物
31. get lots of exercise多進行體育鍛煉
32. take guitar lessons上吉他課
33. I really love music我酷愛音樂
34. sounds interesting聽起來很有意思
35. communicate with sb.與某人交流
36. a foreign language teacher 一份當外語教師的工作
37. keep fit 保持身體健康
38. work harder in school 在學校里更努力學習
39. make one's resolution 表決心
40. after high school=leave school中學畢業後
41. international magazines 國際雜志社
42. the exchange students留學生
43. have a welcome party 召開一個歡迎會
【應掌握的句子】
1. I am going to be a basketball player. 我想成為一名籃球運動員.
2. How are you going to do that I'm going to study computer science.你打算怎樣做 我打算學習計算機科學.
3. Being a computer programmer is his dream.當一名電腦程序設計人是他的夢想.
4. Cheng Han is going to be an actor. 程漢想要當一名演員.
5. Where is Cheng Han going to move He's going to move to New York. 程漢打算要搬到哪裡去 他打算要搬到紐約去.
6. Where are you going to work 你打算在哪裡工作
I'm not sure yet.我還沒有定下來.
Maybe Beijing or Shanghai.也許在北京或上海吧.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room
【復習目標】
如何禮貌地提出要求,禮貌地請求允許做某事.
寫留言條以請求他人的幫助.
【語言目標】
Could you take out the trash Sure.
Could I borrow the car Sorry, but I need it, I have to go to a meeting,
I have to make the bed and do the laundry.
【語言結構】
用Could委婉地表示請求
用could委婉地請求許可
make與do的區別
【重點詞彙】
● do the chores, do the dishes, sweep the floor, take out the trash, fold the clothes,
clean the living room, do the laundry, wash the car
● buy some drinks and snacks, borrow some money, invite your friends
● teenager, hate / take care of / feed
【應掌握的片語】
1. could you please…你能……嗎 /請你干…….好嗎
2. do the dishes 洗餐具
3. sweep the floor清掃地板
4. take out the trash倒垃圾
5. make one's bed鋪床
6. fold one's clothes疊衣服
7. clean the living room 清掃客廳
8. stay out late晚歸
9. his father's reason他父親的理由
10. get a ride搭車
11. use one's computer 使用某人的電腦
12. hate sth./to do sth.討厭某事/做某事
13. do the laundry=do some washing=wash clothes洗衣服
14. make breakfast, make dinner, do some cooking 做飯
15. wash the car刷車16. work on 從事,忙於
17. work at學習,致力於,在……上下工夫
18. borrow some money借一些錢
19. invite sb. to do sth邀請某人做某事
20. go to the store去商店
21.agree sb. to do sth.同意某人做某事
22. agree with sb. =agree with what one says同意某人的意見
23.(需了解) make a deal作成交易
make a face做鬼臉;
make a fool of捉弄,使出洋相
make friends with與……交朋友
make a name for himself成名
make a note of注意,記下來
make free with擅自使用
make fun of取笑
make…into把……作成,使變成
make it成功,到達某處
make one's living維持生活
make one's way to前往某處
make room騰出地方
make up編造
make use of利用
24. borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物(借入)
25. lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.借給某人某物(借出)
26.ask for要求得到,要求見到
27. take care of = look after照顧,照看,照料
take good care of=look after…well
28. need some help需要一些幫助
29. come over過來
30. get angry生氣
31. have a test考試
32. make a clean sweep of 徹底掃除
【應掌握的句子】
1.Could you please clean your room 請你打掃一下你的房間好嗎
2.Could you please open the door for me 請你替我開門,好嗎
3.I hate to do chores.我討厭做家務.
4.Tell your partner your answer to activity 1a. Does your partner agree 把你對活動1a的答案告訴你的搭檔.你的搭檔同意嗎
5.Thanks for taking care of my dog. 感謝你照看我的狗.
6.You are having a party. Ask your partner for help. Talk about these things.
你要開一個晚會.向你的搭檔尋求幫助.談論這些事情.
7.Take him for a walk. 帶它出去散步.
Give him water and feed him. 給它喝水,並喂它食物.
Then wash his bowl. Play with him. 然後,把它的碗洗洗.和它一起玩.
Don't forget to clean his bed. 不要忘了把它的床鋪清掃干凈.
8. 媽媽說我可以在我家舉行同學聚會.
星期六你過來的時候,能幫我清掃地板嗎
9.I'm going to move to a new house! I need some help.我要搬入新房子,需要幫助
Unit 12 what's the best radio station
【復習目標】
單音節形容詞,多音節形容詞和特殊形容詞的比較級和最高級形式
進行簡單的比較,並表達自己的好惡
【語言目標】
what's the best cinema Showtime cinema, it's the cheapest.
Jason's has good quality clothes. It's better than Trendy Teens.
Jason's is the best store in town.
【語言結構】
用-(i)est, the most表示最高級
不規則的形容詞和比較級和最高級形式good, better, the best, bad, worse the worst
【重點詞彙】
● theater, cinema / trendy, quality, comfortable, close to
● seat, screen, jeans, / performer, radio station
【應掌握的片語】
1. the best radio station最好的無線電台
2. comfortable seats舒適的椅子
3. big screens大屏幕
4. friendly service友好的服務
5. new movies新電影
6. close to home離家近
7. in a fun part of town 在城鎮鬧區
8. Town Cinema城鎮電影院
9. Screen City大屏幕影視城
10. Movie Palace電影藝術宮
11. Jeans Corner牛仔廣角
12.Trendy Teens時髦少年服裝店
13. Easy Listening輕松聽力
14. have good quality clothes服裝質量好
15. in town在城裡, in the city在城市裡
in the country在鄉下
16. the beat clothing store最好的服裝店
17. do a survey of 對…進行調查
18. all the movie theaters所有的電影院
19. the most interesting music最有趣的音樂
20.be(get, become, feel) interested in 對…感興趣
21.positive words肯定的詞語
22. negative words否定的詞語
23. the most creative最有創造力的
24. the most boring最煩人的
25. the math teacher數學老師
26. a great success巨大的成功
27. win the prize for贏得……的獎項
28. without music沒有音樂伴奏下
29. the funniest actor最滑稽的演員
30. the worst movie最差的電影
31. action movies動作片
32. beautiful beaches美麗的海灘
33. in the north of China在中國的北部
34. an Ice and Snow Festival冰雪節
35. Central Park 中心公園
36. leader of a band樂隊指揮
37. Forbidden City紫禁城
38. elementary school 小學
【應掌握的句子】
1. What's the best radio station 哪一家是最好的廣播電台
2. How do you choose what movie theater to go to 你如何選擇去哪一家影劇院.
3. I think Gold Theater has the most comfortable seats.我認為黃金劇院的座位最舒適.
4. What do young people think about places in town 年輕人認為我們鎮里的場所怎麼樣
5. The film is interesting.這電影令人感興趣.
6. Where are we going for lunch 我們到哪裡吃午飯
7. My sister Isabel is the funniest person I know.我妹妹伊莎貝爾是我知道的最滑稽的人.
李先生是我認識的最好的老師.
8. Last week's talent show was a great success.上個星期的才藝表演獲得了巨大的成功.
名人才藝表演好極了.
9. He danced without music.在沒有音樂伴奏的情況下,他跳了一曲.
㈣ 初二上冊英語重點語法有哪些
不持之以恆，英語就學不會，這是因為英語是一門十分注重積累的學科。如果能接受這個觀點，那你就要持之以恆，否則學習無效………………我是一個高考的過來人。首先我想請閣下明白一個道理：英語很差不可怕，可怕的是你從一開始便接受自己是一個英語差生的「事實」！！！！！雖然我高考已經好多年了，而且今年即將大學畢業，踏入社會。但英語一直沒有丟，英語一直是我的排頭兵！我對英語的自信還有，我覺得學好英語不難，重要的是你要有恆心，急躁冒進，三天打漁兩天曬網都是不行的。在這里我就毛遂自薦一下我的學習方法吧： 首先先你要端正心態，不要急躁，不管別人考多少分，你做你自己的事，這樣才能靜下心來學習。要成為英語高手就必須比別人走更多的路，做更多的事。你應該明白一個事實，英語是單詞和語法的綜合，所以單詞和語法都要拿下。 其次，對於單詞，有如下幾種方法，第一個，是加強記憶的頻度，也就是說，早上記了幾個，隔幾個小時又看一次，總之一天之內，記憶的間隔不要太長，否則你辛苦積累的記憶會隨著時間的延長而淡化，第二個，是可以根據自己的理解編順口溜，比如good morning 是狗摸你…（見笑了）…，第三個，最重要的是，記單詞的時候，不要忘了閱讀，一邊記單詞，一邊看文章，這樣可以把孤立的單詞串聯起來，記憶的效果會加倍，第四個。我建議你記單詞要分門別類記憶，要形成一個意群，比如，重要性用magnitude magnificence ，表示非常，大大地有exceedingly，tremendously，extremely……這樣做在你寫作時，是十分有好處的，寫作時不要盡寫一些低級詞彙，你要寫高級詞彙，比如重要性寫magnitude，許多寫a multitude of 或者handsome。再次，是語法。學習語法，首先要明白什麼是主謂賓定狀補，什麼是系動詞，什麼是直接賓語，間接賓語，這些是學習語法的基礎，語法是房子，主謂賓定狀補等是沙石磚瓦 此外，對於完形填空以及閱讀理解，那就只能靠平時的練習了，在這個過程中，你要時時總結，縱深對比，千萬不要陷入題海戰術只做題，不總結的誤區當中。在做題的過程中，你把各種體型都總結了一遍，積累了豐富的經驗，而且你還提升了自己的閱讀速度，一舉兩得，所以做題是很重要的！其實，完形填空無非就是單項選擇加語境分析，也就是說，做完形填空你的語法要好，而且你要積累比較多的固定搭配，短語，特殊用法等，完形填空的語法還是很重要的！對於閱讀，我個人感覺是，純粹是個人經驗積累多少的問題，只有保證一定的練習量，你才能用質的提高！最後，我建議你，平時讀報，或者做題的時候，發現有好的句子好的詞彙，你要抄下來，長期下來，你的作文會有提高的，需要說明的是，這個提高過程可能很緩慢，但是最後能收到很好的效果，以前25分的作文我都能保證在21-23這個級別，靠的就是對語法的熟練掌握和積累了許多較高級的詞彙，句型，句子。我個人的理解是，在你的語法達到基本不會出錯的程度上，作文便應該以詞彙取勝，因為在這個層次上，大家的語法都差不多，沒什麼變化，唯一有變化的就是你的詞彙！給你打個比方吧，很多想到「許多」就用many，但是你別忘了many a ；handsome；massive，innumerable；很多人想到「專家」就寫expert，但很少人會想到specialist，很多人在想到「擅長」這詞，就寫be good at ，卻不知還有更高級的表達法：be expert at 或者excel in ……高手和庸才，就體現在這些細微的差別
㈤ 八年級上冊英語重點單詞、短語、句型和語法 急急急急急急 要分單元的
呵呵 希望對你有所幫助 祝樓主進步哈
Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
Grammar: 特殊疑問句：wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。
特殊疑問句的構成及用法：
結構：特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句， 即：特殊疑問詞+be/助動詞/情態動詞+主語+謂語/表語（+其他）
疑問代詞：
1) Who:誰。做主語，用來指人 Who is the boy under the tree?
2）Whom 誰，做賓語，用來指人 Whom are you writing to?
3) Whose 誰的，用來指所屬關系，如果做定語，一般後接名詞 Whose pen is this?
4) Which 哪個，哪些，用來指對人或物在一定范圍之內進行選擇 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lily』s?
5)What什麼，通常指物，也可指人，一般用在沒有指出范圍的情況下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?
疑問副詞：
When:何時，詢問時間 When will she come back?
Where何地，詢問地點， Where do you come from?
Why為什麼，詢問原因， Why are you late for school?
How 如何，詢問手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?
How old多大，詢問年齡，How old is Jim』s little brother?
How many/much多少，詢問數量 How many birds are there in the tree?
How far多遠，詢問距離， How far is it form your home to school?
How long多長，多久，詢問時間的長度或距離 How long will you stay in Beijing?
How often多長時間按一次，詢問頻率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?
How soon多久，詢問時間 How soon will you come back?
頻率副詞：表示動作發生的頻率，never, sometimes, often, usually, always.
Unit 2 What』s the matter with you?
Grammar:
1. 用have 來描述身體不適 have/have got a +疾病名字；得了……病
2.情態動詞should,情態動詞should,can, may, must沒有人稱和時態的變化，後接動詞原形
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
Grammar:現在進行時表將來 一般將來時
表示將要做某事或計劃打算做某事要用到句型「be+doing」其中be是助動詞，它有人稱和單復數的變化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是現在進行時的形式，但用於表示將來。用進行時表將來，常用於表示即將來臨的未來預定要做的事情，一般指個人計劃要做的事。用於此情況的動詞一般是表示位置轉移的動詞，如，go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。
一．肯定句中，結構為「be+doing.」
I am going shopping this afternoon.
二．否定句是在be之後加not. I』m not going to shopping this afternoon.
三．一般疑問句是將be置於句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are. No, I』m not./ We aren』t.
四．特殊疑問句「疑問詞+一般疑問句語序。」
What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping?
Who are you going there with? Where is she going?
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
Grammar: How引導的特殊疑問句：是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等詞開頭的疑問句。
How does he get to shool?---- He takes the train to get to shool.
How long does it take to walk? ----It takes about 35 minutes to walk.
How far is it from your home to school? It』s four miles from my home to school.
How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.
How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.
How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.
特殊疑問句的簡略結構：how about…?+ 名詞或動詞-ing形式，用於提出建議、請求或徵求意見、詢問消息等。如：How about playing tennis?
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
Grammar:情態動詞can及邀請句式及其問答
情態動詞can的用法：
Can 是最長用的情態動詞，其後跟動詞原形，can的否定形式為cannot，can』t.
can表「能力」，意思是：能，會 I can paly basketball,but I can』t swim.
can表示能力時可和be able to 互換，be able to有更多的時態，常被用來表示can所 不能表示的將來或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.
表示「可能性」，意思是：可以，可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.
表示允許，意思是可以能夠 You can have the book when I have finished it.
表示「驚訝、不相信等（用於疑問句、否定句或感嘆句中」。意思是「會、可能。」
This can』t be true. Can it be true?
如何發出、接受和謝絕別人的邀請
表達邀請的常用句型：
Can you come to…?
Could you come to…?
Would you like to come to…?
Do you want to come to…?
接受邀請的常用句型：
Sure. Certainly. OK. I』d love to.
謝絕邀請的常用句型：
I』m sorry, I can』t. I have to…
I』m afraid I can』t. I have to…
I don』t think I can. I have to…
Unit 6 I』m more outgoing than my sister.
Grammar:形容詞的比較級
規則變化、不規則變化（課本P93）
than 是比較級中最常見的標志詞，意思是「比」。用於引出比較的對象。1.He draws better than me.2.You』re older than I am. You are older than me.
形容詞比較級前，有時可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等詞來修飾。Much 和far表示「……得多」,much better好得多，a little, a bit表示稍微，一些，一點。a little shorter, 稍微矮點；even表示「甚至，更加，還要……」even bigger還要大些，three times表示 「…三倍」，如three times bigger than 比……大三倍
Very絕不可以用來修飾比較級，very,so,too, quite 修飾原級
Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?
Grammar: 可數名詞與不可數名詞
一．可數名詞
英語中的物質名詞大體上可分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。可數名詞指物體的數量可數。其單數形式可在名詞前加a或an,表示一個，如a pear. 其負數形式要在詞尾加-s,或-es（特殊情況除外），如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags
二．不可數名詞
1.不可數名詞指物體的數量不可數。不可數名詞沒有單復數之分，也不能在詞前直接加冠詞a 或an.表示不可數名詞的數量時可在不可數名詞前加相應的由量詞構成的短語。如a bag of… 2.常見的量詞短語有：
a piece of… a cup of… a teaspoon of… a bottle of…
3.不可數名詞還可以用下面的詞表示數量：much much rain a little little
4.既可以修飾不可數名詞又可以修飾不可數名詞的詞有：
Lots of= a lot of許多，大量 some一些（用於肯定句）any一些（用於否定句和一般疑問句）
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
Grammar:
一般過去時：指在過去某一時間內發生的動作或存在的狀態，常和表示過去意義的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday, last year(week,month…),two years ago, in2006等。有時也可用when,after,before, as soon as引導的時間狀語從句。該時態在句中的體現是謂語動詞用過去式。謂語be動詞→was/were 否定：wasn』t /weren』t
Be動詞句型
一般疑問句：was/were +主語…
特殊疑問句：疑問詞+was/were+主語
陳述句：主語+was/were+…(肯定句) 否定句：主語+wasn』t/weren』t+…
行為動詞句型（當句中的動詞為行為動詞時，要藉助動詞did構成一般疑問句和否定句）
肯定式：主語+動詞過去式
否定式：主語+didn』t+動詞原形
一般疑問句：Did +主語+動詞原形
特殊疑問句：Did+主語+動詞原形
Unit 9 When was he born?
Grammar: 一般過去時的特殊疑問句
一般過去時的特殊疑問句的變法同一般現在時一樣，不同之處在於須將be動詞或助動詞改為過去時態，即「特殊疑問詞+were或was(第三人稱單數)+主語+（表語）+其他成分」或「特殊疑問詞+助動詞did+主語+實義動詞+其他成分。」
以when引導的特殊疑問句，對某人的出生年月進行提問，句型是：
When was/were…born? … was/were born in +時間
When was David beckham born? 大衛.貝克漢姆是什麼時候出生的？He was born in 1975.
二．以how long 引導的特殊疑問句，對表示某一短時間的狀語進行提問。句型是：
How long did + 主語+動詞？
How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.
三．When did he start hiccupping? 他什麼時候開始打嗝？When +did+主語+動詞？
Unit 10 I』m going to be a basketball player.
Grammar:一般將來時
表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態，也表示將來經常或反復發生的動作，常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。
1. be going to + 動詞原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?
2. will/shall + 動詞原形 I will go to my hometown next week.
3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.
4. be +動詞不定式 You are to be back by 10 o』clock.
5. be + about + 動詞不定式 The meeting is about to begin.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
Grammar:情態動詞
情態動詞，表示說話者對某一動作的看法和態度，包括可能、懷疑、允許、願望、必要、猜測等。Can(能、會),may( 可以),must( 必須、一定)等。
情態動詞的特點：(1)情態動詞有一定詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，必須和另一個動詞原形一起構成謂語，且沒有人稱和數的變化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.
(2)變否定句時，直接在情態動詞後面加not,無需加助動詞。He can』t play the guitar well.
He can』t answer the question. You mustn』t be late.
(3)含有情態動詞的句子變一般疑問句時，須將情態動詞提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?
(4)can 可表示能力、允許、可能性、懷疑猜測，意為「能，會，可以。」can』t, 意為「不能，不會，不可以。」，還有「不可能」之意。
--Can you drive? – Sorry, I can』t. It can』t be true.
(5)can 也可表示請求與邀請
Can you please sweep the floor?
Unit12 What』s the best radio station?
Grammar:形容詞/副詞的最高級，用於三者或三者以上的人或事物之間的比較，表示在一群人或事物中，其中一個 「最……」見課本p93語法
the +最高級 She is the tallest of all her classmates.
最高級可被序數詞以及much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like等修飾。This hat is by far the biggest.
表示最高程度的形容詞，excellent, extreme, prefect等沒有最高級也不能用比較級。He is an excellent teacher.
形容詞最高級間修飾做表語或介詞並與的名詞代詞是，被修飾的詞往往省略。
He is the youngest (boy) in his class.
Who/Which +be+最高級，A,B,or C? Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car?
the +序數詞+最高級 He is the second tallest student in our class.
One of the +最高級+復數名詞 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.
㈥ 及須;初二英語上冊短語,句型,語法,等
Unit 1 Sports and Games
Topic 1 Are you going to play basketball?
一、課文知識點：
1．重點詞彙及短語：
team, win, almost, join, club, dream, shame, hour, pretty, popular, healthy, weekend, cheer…on, quite a bit/a lot, grow up, in the future, arrive in/at, play against, leave for, the day after tomorrow, take part in, World Cup, pretty well, the high jump, the long jump, all over, be good for, keep fit
2．語法：be going to結構
3．重點句型及交際用語：
（1）— sport do you prefer, cycling or rowing?
—I prefer rowing.
（2）—Do you row much?
—Yes, quite a bit/ a lot. No, seldom.
（3）—Are you going to join the school rowing club?
—Yes, I am. /No, I am not.
（4）—What are you going to be when you grow up?
—I'm going to be a dancer.
（5）It's too bad that they aren't going to stay in Beijing for long.
（6）They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow.
（7）What a shame!
（8）She spends half an hour doing exercise in the gym every day.
（9）There is going to be a school sports meet next weekend.
（10）Because it makes me strong and it is popular all over the world.
二、課文講解：
1．I saw you play basketball almost every day ring the summer holidays.
我看見你暑假期間幾乎每天都打籃球。
see sb. do sth. 看見某人做某事。表示某動作經常性發生，
這個句型也可以用doing 的形式表示動作正在進行
1）I see you go to school early every morning. 我看見你每天早晨上學很早。
2）I often see the boys play basketball. 我經常看見男孩子們打籃球。
3）I saw my brother reading in his bedroom just now. 剛才我看見我弟弟在房間里看書。
2．Would you like to come and cheer us on? 你願意來為我們加油嗎？
cheer sb. on為……喝彩，向……歡呼。
如果後面接名詞，放在cheer on的中間和後面都可以，如果後面接的是人稱代詞賓格，則必須放在中間。如：
I'll cheer you on. 我將為你喝彩。
3．I hope our team will win. 我希望我們隊獲勝。
（1）hope to do sth. 希望做某事。如：
Betty hopes to study Chinese in Peking University. 貝蒂希望在北京大學學中文。
（2）hope+that從句，that可以省略。如：
I hope it will be fine. 我希望天氣好轉。
4．I prefer rowing. 我更喜歡劃船。
prefer更喜歡，相當於like…better。
此句還可以說I like rowing better.
prefer doing sth. 更喜歡，寧願做某事。如：
We prefer listening to music. 我們更喜歡聽音樂。
Do you prefer watching TV at home? 你寧願在家看電視嗎？
5．—Do you row much? —你經常劃船嗎？
—Yes quite a bit/ a lot. /No, seldom. —是的，經常。/不，幾乎沒有。
much在此處是副詞，用來修飾動詞row。如：
—Do you read much? 你看書多嗎？
—Yes, quite a bit. 是的，相當多。
—Do you swim much? 你游泳多嗎？
—No, seldom. 不，幾乎不游泳。
6．Are you going to join the school rowing club?
你要加入學校劃船俱樂部嗎？
join通常指參加某種活動或加入某個組織成為其成員。接活動時，常與in連用，指加入組織時，join後不用介詞。如：
He joined in the game. 他參加了這個游戲。
My uncle joined the Party in 1988. 我叔叔是1988年入黨的。
7．What are you going to be when you grow up? 你長大後想干什麼？
grow up 長大成人。
1）When I grow up, I want to work in Shenzhen. 長大後，我要去深圳工作。
2）I grew up in a beautiful city. 我在一個美麗的城市長大。
David Beckham, a famous soccer star, arrived in Beijing with his team yesterday. 著名球星大衛·貝克漢姆和他的球隊昨天到達了北京。
arrive in/at到達，區別是in後賓語為大地點，而at後賓語為小地點。如：
He arrived in Hong Kong yesterday. 他昨天到達了香港。
They arrived at the bus stop early this morning. 今天他們很早到達了車站。
get to到達，後接地點。
When did you get to Shanghai?
你們什麼時候到達上海的？
8．The team will play against China's national team.
這個隊將與中國國家隊比賽。
play against…跟……比賽。如：
Would you like to play against us? 你們願意和我們比賽嗎？
9．It's too bad that they aren't going to stay in Beijing for long. 很遺憾他們不在北京待很久。
It's too bad that…很遺憾……
1）It's too bad that I can't help you. 很遺憾我不能幫你。
2）It's too bad that they aren't going to come here. 非常遺憾他們不來這里。
對於很遺憾的事，我們還可以用I'm so sorry. 或It's a pity. 來表達。如：
1）—I'm ill, so I can't take part in the party.
因為我生病了，所以我不能參加這個聚會。
—I'm so sorry. 很遺憾。
2）—He worked hard, but be didn't pass the English exam.
他努力學習，但沒有通過這次英語考試。
—It's a pity. 很遺憾。
10．What a shame! 真遺憾！ 多可惜啊！
通常用於某些不隨心願的情況下。如：
1）Oh, it's raining. What a shame! 啊！下雨了。真糟糕！
2）—I can't find my cellphone. 我找不到我的手機了。
—What a shame! 真可惜！
11．He broke the Olympic record and won a gold medal in the Athens Olympic. 他在雅典奧運會上打破了奧運會紀錄並獲得了一枚金牌。
（1）break the record 打破紀錄
（2）win a gold medal獲得金牌
win v. 獲勝、贏得，後常跟某種比賽，過去式為won。如：
Which team won the football game? 哪個隊贏了這場足球賽？
12．They are sure that she will win. 他們肯定她能獲勝。
be sure+從句，表示「肯定，有把握」。如：
I'm sure (that) the story is true. 我肯定這故事是真的。
I'm sure (that) eating too much is bad for you. 我肯定吃得太多對你不好。
13．How often does she go cycling? 她多長時間進行一次騎自行車運動？
（1）go cycling 騎自行車
go swimming 去游泳
go skating 去滑冰
go skiing 去滑雪
go fishing 去釣魚
go climbing 去爬山
go shopping 去購物
（2）how often多長時間一次，表示頻率。常用頻度副詞always一直，總是；usually通常；often時常，常常；sometimes有時；seldom很少；never從來沒有；once a week每周一次；twice a year每年兩次；
—How often do you play table tennis? 你多長時間玩一次乒乓球？
—Once a week. 每周一次。
另外 how long表示「多久，多長時間」，是時間段的概念。
—How long does she stay in the gym every day?
她每天在健身房待多長時間？
—Two hours. 兩小時。
14．Because it makes me strong and it is popular all over the world.
因為它（足球）使我強壯而且它在全世界都受歡迎。
（1）make是使役動詞，意思是「使，讓」，後面接形容詞、介詞短語、名詞短語作賓語補足語。如：
1）I made him very happy. 我讓他很高興。
2）Linda's parents make her at home. 琳達的父母讓她待在家裡。
3）We make him our monitor. 我們選他當我們的班長。
（2）all over the world全世界 all over到處，處處，遍及…… 如：
all over China 遍及全中國
all over the city 整個城市
15．Running is good for legs, heart and lungs. 跑步對腿、心和肺有益。
be good for對……有益。如：
Watching TV too much is not good for your health. 看太多電視對你的身體沒有好處。
三、語法
be going to結構
1．定義：be going to表示打算，計劃，准備去做一件事情。這種打算常經過預先考慮並含有自己做好某些准備的意思，因此用be going to表示的行動通常會付諸實踐。如：
—What are you going to do this Sunday? 這個星期天你打算干什麼？
—I'm going to play basketball with my classmates. 我打算和同學去打籃球。
She is going to take part in the high jump and the long jump. 她打算參加跳高和跳遠項目。
They are going to plant trees around the school. 他們打算去學校周圍種些樹。
I am going to Beijing next month. 下個月我准備去北京。
2．轉變句型
A、一般疑問句：把be(am, is, are)動詞直接提到句首。即：Be+主語+going to+動詞原形+……？如：
Tom and Kate are going to take part in the soccer club.
湯姆和凱特要參加足球俱樂部。
Are Tom and Kate going to take part in the soccer club?
湯姆和凱特要參加足球俱樂部嗎？
B、否定句：在be後直接加not，即主語+be+not+going to+動詞原形+…… 如：
Ling isn't going to sing at the party tomorrow evening.
明晚玲不打算在聚會上唱歌。
C、特殊疑問句：特殊疑問句+be+主語+going to+動詞原形+……？如：
What are you going to do next month? 下個月你將干什麼？
Where are they going to meet this Sunday? 這周日他們將在哪兒會面？
四、練習
Ⅰ、單項選擇
（ ）1、Lily ____ the long jump, and she jumped very far.
A. join B. joined C. takes part in D. took part in
（ ）2、Cycling can make your body _____.
A. strong B. strongly C. be strong D. to be strong
（ ）3、—____ does she stay in the city every year?
—Two months.
A. How long B. How often C. How many D. How
（ ）4、Michael Jordan is good at _____ basketball.
A. to play B. play C. to playing D. playing
（ ）5、—How often does Ann go to the gym?
—_______
A. Twice a week. B. For two hours. C. At two o'clock. D. Two time a week.
（ ）6、I saw Tom often _____ with his father ring the summer holidays.
A. swims B. swam C. swim D. swimming
（ ）7、Running is a good way _____ fit.
A. keeps B. to keep C. keeping D. kept
（ ）8、He prefers _____ to ______ on the weekend.
A. go shopping; go swimming B. going shopl going swim
C. going shopping; going swimming D. to go shopping; to go swimming
（ ）9、There _____ a school sports meet next month.
A. will have B. is C. is going to have D. is going to be
（ ）10、Swimming can help to keep your heart ______.
A. health B. healthy C. healthily D. healthly
參考答案：1-5 DAADA 6-10 CBCDB
Ⅱ、選用方框中句子補全對話，其中有二項多餘。
A. It's October 1st.
B. Because it's the birthday of our country on that day.
C. Let's have a party.
D. People hold dragon boat race(龍舟比賽)in many places and eat rice mplings to remember Qu Yuan.
E. They often go shopping or touring(觀光).
F. Many people watch the National flag(國旗)go up.
G. What's the date today?
S——Sally
K——Kangkang
S：When is May Day?
K：It's on May the 1st.
S：How do people celebrate it?
K： 1
S：When is Dragon Boat Festival?
K：It's on the lunar(農歷)May 5th.
S：What do people do on that day?
K： 2
S：When is National Day?
K： 3
S：Why do people celebrate it?
K： 4
S：How do people celebrate it?
K： 5
1．______ 2．______ 3．______ 4．_______ 5．______
參考答案：1—5 EDABF
Ⅲ、完形填空
（A）
In England, people don't usually talk much. You can get on 1 bus, or a train, 2 everyone sits looking 3 the window. Often they read. They read books and newspapers, but they don't talk much.
4 you meet English people, they often talk about one thing—the 5 . So when you meet someone in England, you can say,「Nice weather 6 the time of year!」
「But it was a little cold yesterday,」 7 may answer.
「But it is going to be a bit warmer 8 !」you can say. Talk 9 this, and the English will think,「How 10 you are!」
（ ）1．A. an B. a C. the D.（不填）
（ ）2．A. and B. so C. but D. or
（ ）3．A. after B. like C. out of D. or
（ ）4．A. Because B. When C. Then D. before
（ ）5．A. weather B. food C. date D. time
（ ）6．A. to B. for C. on D. from
（ ）7．A. someone B. anyone C. other D. man
（ ）8．A. yesterday B. later C. in a minute D. all day
（ ）9．A. like B. about C. with D. into
（ ）10．A. easy B. high C. friendly D. healthy
參考答案：1—5 BCCBA 6—10 BABAC
（B）
Summer is very hot, but most American families like to have a holiday 1 summer. Summer is a good season 2 holidays. It's very hot ring the months of July and August. Children don't go to school ring these 3 months.
Some 4 like to be at home ring the holidays. They work in gardens, talk with friends, 5 books, or watch TV. Some families 6 lunch in parks or some places far away 7 the city. They like to eat in places with many trees or a nice lake. If they live near the sea, they often go to the beach. They can fish, swim or 8 the sunshine there.
America is a large country. Many families travel by car or by train to see interesting places. They also 9 other countries by plane. Many big cities have many famous buildings, shops or other places 10 travelers.
1．A. for B. in C. on D. with
2．A. to B. of C. in D. for
3．A. one B. two C. three D. four
4．A. people B. girls C. men D. women
5．A. see B. watch C. look D. read
6．A. has B. take C. have D. carry
7．A. from B. of C. to D. with
8．A. like B. love C. look D. enjoy
9．A. travel at B. travel to C. travel in D. travel for
10．A. for B. in C. on D. with
參考答案：1—5 BDBAD 6—10 CADBA
Ⅳ、閱讀理解
（A）
Mr. King goes to a dinner party. He is wearing old clothes. He comes into the room. But people in the room don't look at him. They don't ask him to sit at the table.
Mr. King goes home and puts on his good clothes. He goes back to the party. Everyone in the room stands up and smiles at him. They give him very good food to eat.
Mr. King takes off his clothes, and puts them in the food and says,「Eat, clothes!」
The other people ask,「What are you doing?」
He answers,「I'm asking my coat to eat food. I am wearing my old clothes. You don't look at me. You don't ask me to sit down. Now I'm in these clothes. And you give me very good food. Now I see, you give the food to my clothes, not to me!」
（ ）1．Mr. King goes to the dinner, but people in the room don't look at him. Because _____.
A. he doesn't come by car B. he is old
C. he is wearing his old clothes D. he is young
（ ）2．Mr. King goes home to ______ his _____ clothes.
A. put on; good B. puts on; fine
C. take off; good D. wear; good
（ ）3．Mr. King goes back to the party, people in the room stand up and smile at him, because _____.
A. he is wearing his old clothes
B. he comes by a very good car
C. he is wearing his good clothes
D. he is putting on his good clothes
（ ）4．Mr. King takes off his good clothes, and _____ them ______ the good food.
A. ask; to eat B. asks; to eat C. let's; to eat D. ask; eat
（ ）5．Mr. King says the good food is ______.
A. for her B. for his good clothes C. for me D. for him
參考答案：1—5 CACBB
（B）
Many people do not like to stay at home on holidays. They want to go out to see something different or do something exciting. So people from the country come to the city and people from the city go to the country for holidays. During the holidays, trains, buses and planes are all very busy. It is very hard to buy train tickets or air tickets. Many people take cars or buses for traveling.
Last may Day my family went to the country by car for our holiday. There was too much traffic on the road, so we had to move very slowly. It took us about an hour to get out of the town. After some time, we came to a hill. It was green and beautiful. We thought this was a good place for a picnic, so we stopped and took the foods, fruits and drinks out of the car. We sat down and began to eat. Suddenly a strong wind blew and soon it started to rain. We had to run back to our car and had our picnic in the car. Then we drove home. What a sad trip!
根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。
（ ）1．Do people like to stay at home on holidays?
A. Yes, they do. B. No, they don't.
C. Yes, they like. D. No, they aren't.
（ ）2．Did they have a good trip?
A. Yes, they did. B. No, they didn't.
C. Yes, they had. D. No, they went there.
（ ）3．What does「suddenly」mean? It means _____.
A. 強烈地 B. 突然 C. 迅速地 D. 慢慢地
（ ）4．What is the meaning of「blew」? The meaning is _____.
A. 藍色 B. 刮風 C. 吹氣 D. 推
（ ）5．How long did they spend(花費)getting out of the town?
A. Half an hour. B. About an hour. C. Two hours. D. Three hours.
參考答案：1—5 BBBBB
㈦ 初二英語新目標上學期語法要點
初二英語語法知識重點總結
一、知識強化
1．掌握本單元的重點詞彙及句型。
2．談論最好做某事和正確做某事，培養提高自己的交際能力。
3．正確使用should和ought to。
二、重難點知識講解
1．First, we decided to elect the chief editor. 首先我們決定選出主編。
decide 動詞，意為「決定」，常用結構：
decide (not) to do sth. 決定(不)做某事
decide on doing sth 決定做某事
decide + 疑問代詞/副詞＋不定式 決定……
decide＋從句 決定……
e.g.I decided to go to Beijing on Monday.
我決定星期一去北京。
He has decided on going for a trip next week.
他已決定下周去旅行。
He decided when to go to Beijing.
他已經決定了什麼時候去北京。
We decided that we didn』t take part in the basketball match.
我們決定不參加籃球比賽。
2．We should choose Joyce because she has experience.
我們應該選喬伊斯因為她很有經驗。
（1）experience n. 經驗；經歷
①經驗(不可數名詞)
e.g.He is a math teacher with 5 years』 experience.
他是一名有五年工作經驗的數學老師。
②經歷(可數名詞)
e.g.It was a strange experience.
真是一次奇特的經歷。
Please tell us your experiences in America.
請你告訴我們你在美洲的經歷。
（2）experience v. 體驗；經歷
e.g.Our country has experienced great changes in the last thirty years.
我國在過去三十年經歷了巨大變化。
3．Then we all voted for her. 然後我們都投票贊成（選喬伊斯為主編）。
vote for sb. 意為「投票贊成某人」。
e.g.I shall vote for Ben because he has experience.
我將投票選本因為他有經驗。
Vote for Johnson—the people』s friend!
請投約翰遜一票——他是人民的支持者。
vote against 意為「投票反對」。
e.g.People vote against Henry.
人們投票反對亨利。
4．Then Joyce took charge of the meeting. 於是，喬伊斯主持會議。
take charge of意為「主管，主持；負責」。
e.g.Who will take charge of the meeting?
誰將主持這次會議？
She took charge of the family business after her father died.
父親去世後，家務事全由她負責。
The department was badly organized until she took charge(of it).
這個部門在她負責管理以前組織工作做得很差。
5．Then the others voted for me. 於是其他人投票選我。
句中的the others指參加會議的除我以外的所有人即：Lucy, Joyce, Tony和Jessica。
辨析：other, the other, the others與another
（1）other表示「其他的」，表示泛指，沒有特定的范圍。
e.g.Lei Feng always helped other people.
雷鋒總是幫助別人。(指其他的任何人)
（2）the other意為「另一個」，一般用於兩者之間。其句型為：one…the other…一個……另一個……
e.g.The old man has two sons. One is a soldier, the other is a worker.
那位老人有兩個兒子，一個是士兵，另一個是工人。
注意：the other和other後均可加名詞，但意思有所不同，「the other＋名詞」表示一定范圍內除一部分外其餘的全部，而「other＋名詞」表示除去部分以後的另一些，但不是剩下的全部。
（3）the others 特指一定范圍內的其餘的全部人或事物。
e.g.I have three pencils. One is long, and the others are short.
我有三支鉛筆，一支是長的，另外（兩個）是短的。（代詞）
（4）another表示三者或三者以上的其他任何一個，意為「再一；又一」。
e.g.Would you like another cup of tea?
你還要一杯茶嗎?
6．You will be responsible for different sections of the paper.
你們將負責報紙的不同部分。
be responsible for意為「對……負責」。
e.g.Who is responsible for breaking the mirror?
鏡子是誰打破的?
The bus driver is responsible for the passengers safety.
公共汽車司機應對乘客的安全負責。
7．Should it be free for readers, or should they pay for it?
讀者應免費閱讀還是花錢購買呢？
辨析：pay, spend, cost與take
四個單詞都可以表示「花費」，但用法卻不盡相同。
（1）pay的基本用法是：
①pay (sb.) money for sth. 付錢(給某人)買某物。
e.g.I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
我每個月要付給他們20英鎊的房租。
②pay for sth. 付某物的錢
e.g.I have to pay for the lost book.
我不得不賠償丟失的書款。
③pay for sb. 替某人付錢
e.g.Don』t worry! I』ll pay for you.
別擔心，我會給你付錢的。
（2）spend的主語必須是人，常用於以下結構：
①spend time/ money on sth. 在某物上花費時間/ 金錢。
e.g.I spent two hours on this maths problem.
這道數學題花了我兩個小時。
②spend time/ money(in)doing sth. 花費時間/金錢做某事。
e.g.They spent two years (in) building this bridge.
造這座橋花了他們兩年時間。
（3）cost的主語是物或某種活動，還可以表示「值」，常見的用法如下：
①「sth. cost (sb.)＋金錢」表示「某物花了(某人)多少錢」。
e.g.A new computer costs a lot of money.
買一台新電腦要花一大筆錢。
②「(doing)sth. cost(sb.)＋時間」表示「(做某事)某物花了(某人)多少時間」
e.g.Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.
他花了大量的時間才記住了這些新單詞。
（4）take 常見的用法有以下幾種：
①「It takes/took sb.＋時間＋ to do sth. 」表示「做某事花了某人多少時間」。
e.g.It took them three years to build this road.
他們用了三年時間修完了這條路。
②「doing sth. takes sb.＋時間」表示「做某事花了某人多少時間」。
e.g.Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.
他花了一整下午修這輛小汽車。
8．Well, I usually try to get one for free from outside the library…
哦，我通常試圖從圖書館外免費拿一份……
try to do sth.,意為「盡力、設法去做某事」，強調付出一定的努力或想方設法地去完成。
I』ll try to come early tomorrow.
我明天盡量早點兒來。
辨析：try doing sth. 意為「嘗試著做某事」，不一定付出很大努力。
e.g.If you like, you can try watching it.
如果你喜歡，你可以試著看一下。
拓展：
①try/do one』s best to do sth.意為「盡某人全力去做某事」。
e.g.We should try our best to practice speaking English.
我們應盡力來練習說英語。
②try on意為「試穿」。
e.g.Can I try it on?
我可以試穿一下嗎?
③try也可用作名詞，意為「嘗試」。
e.g.I can』t open this door—will you have a try?
我打不開這扇門——你來試試行嗎?
9．I also have the habit of reading English for half an hour every morning.
我也有每天早上讀半小時英語的習慣。
have the habit of doing…意為「有干某事的習慣」。
e.g.My mother has the habit of getting up early.
我媽媽有早起的習慣。
He has habit of smoking ring meals.
他有吃飯時吸煙的習慣。
10．Were you nervous before the speech? 在演講前你緊張嗎?
nervous意為「焦慮的，緊張的」，形容詞作表語，可以與動詞get/ feel，系動詞be連用。
e.g.Don』t be nervous! The doctor just wants to help you.
別緊張!醫生只是想幫助你。
I felt very nervous when I went into his office.
當我走進他的辦公室時，我感到很緊張。
11．She was on her way to the library to return the books.
她正走在去圖書館還書的路上。
（1）the way to…意為「去……的路」。其中the可以用物主代詞替換。如果表示地點的詞是副詞home, there, here等時，則不用介詞to。way為名詞，意為「路；道路」，其常用的搭配還有on one』s way to＋n. 或on one』s way＋adv.，意為「在去……的路上」。
e.g.I see some beautiful flowers on my may home.
在回家的路上，我看到一些美麗的花。
On my way to the school I met my head teacher.
上學路上我遇到了班主任。
（2）return在句中意為「歸還」，相當於give sth. back.
e.g.Return the book to the library.
把書歸還給圖書館。
12．but I haven』t felt lonely at all. 但我一點也不感到孤獨。
（1）辨析：lonely與alone
①lonely一般只用作形容詞，表示「孤單的，孤獨的，寂寞的」，在句中既可作表語，又可作定語。lonely修飾物時，意為「荒涼的」。
e.g.When his wife and two little children left him, he was very lonely.
妻子和兩個孩子離他而去後，他很孤獨。
This is a lonely mountain village.
這是一個荒涼的小山村。
②alone作形容詞時，意為「單獨的，獨自的；獨一無二的」，通常只用作表語。用作副詞，表示「獨自地，單獨地」之意，相當於by oneself。此外，alone用在名詞或代詞之後，意為「只有，唯有，僅僅」。
e.g.Tom alone knew what had happened.
只有湯姆知道發生了什麼事。
③lonely指人孤獨寂寞，或指地方荒無人煙，有濃厚的傷感色彩。alone表示「單獨，獨自一人」，不含感情色彩。
e.g.He doesn』t feel lonely though he lives alone.
盡管他獨自生活，但他並不感到孤獨。
（2）not…at all 意為「一點……也不；根本不」，是完全否定。
e.g.I don』t like it /them at all. 我根本不喜歡它（它們）。
He can not swim at all. 他根本就不會游泳。
She doesn』t love me at all. 她根本就不愛我。
三、語法點撥——should與ought to的用法
1．一般說來，兩者可替換，只是ought to語氣稍重。
e.g.You ought to (should) go and see Mary sometime.
你應該什麼時候去看看瑪麗。
The train ought to (should) have arrived at six.
火車本應該6點鍾到的。
Such things ought not to be allowed.
這種事情是不允許的。
2．表示出於法令規則、行為准則、道德責任等客觀情況而「應該」做某事時，一般應用ought to，若用should則含有個人意見，強調主觀看法。
e.g.We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don』t think we will.
明天我們按理應該去看看瑪麗，但是我認為我們不會去(此句不宜用should)。
3．在公告、須知或條例中，出於禮貌，常用should。如：
e.g.You should not run alongside the swimming-pool.
不準在游泳池邊奔跑。
㈧ 初二英語(人教版)上冊復習資料 詳細的，語法和重要知識點
新目標八年級英語上冊語法復習
1) leave的用法
1.「leave+地點」表示「離開某地」。例如：
When did you leave Shanghai?
你什麼時候離開上海的？
2.「leave for+地點」表示「動身去某地」。例如：
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.
下周五，愛麗斯要去倫敦了。
3.「leave+地點+for+地點」表示「離開某地去某地」。例如：
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?
你為什麼要離開上海去北京？
2) 情態動詞should「應該」學會使用
should作為情態動詞用，常常表示意外、驚奇、不能理解等，有「竟會」的意思，例如：
How should I know? 我怎麼知道？
Why should you be so late today? 你今天為什麼來得這么晚？
should有時表示應當做或發生的事，例如：
We should help each other.我們應當互相幫助。
我們在使用時要注意以下幾點：
1. 用於表示「應該」或「不應該」的概念。此時常指長輩教導或責備晚輩。
例如：
You should be here with clean hands. 你應該把手洗干凈了再來。
2. 用於提出意見勸導別人。例如：
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill.
如果你感覺不舒服，你最好去看醫生。
3. 用於表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現的考點之一。例如：
We should arrive by supper time. 我們在晚飯前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她隨時都可能來。
3) What...? 與 Which...?
1. what 與 which 都是疑問代詞，都可以指人或事物，但是what僅用來詢問
職業。如：
What is your father? 你父親是干什麼的？
該句相當於：
What does your father do?
What is your father's job?
Which 指代的是特定范圍內的某一個人。如：
---Which is Peter? 哪個是皮特？
---The boy behind Mary. 瑪麗背後的那個男孩。
2. What...? 是泛指，所指的事物沒有范圍的限制；而 Which...? 是特指，
所指的事物有范圍的限制。如：
What color do you like best?（所有顏色）你最喜愛什麼顏色？
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?
你最喜愛哪一種顏色？ （有特定的范圍）
3. what 與 which 後都可以接單、復數名詞和不可數名詞。如：
Which pictures are from China? 哪些圖片來自中國？
4) 頻度副詞的位置
1.常見的頻度副詞有以下這些：
always（總是，一直）
usually（通常）
often（常常，經常）
sometimes（有時候）
never（從不）
2.頻度副詞的位置：
a.放在連系動詞、助動詞或情態動詞後面。如：
David is often arrives late for school.大衛上學經常遲到。
b.放在行為動詞前。如：
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.
我們每天經常在7：10去上學。
c.有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾，用來表示強調。如：
Sometimes I walk home, sometime I ride a bike.
有時我步行回家，有時我騎自行車。
3.never放在句首時，主語、謂語動詞要倒裝。如：
Never have I been there.我從沒到過那兒。
回答者： ▓壞●ヤ壞愾の | 三級 | 2011-1-14 12:11
how many+可數名詞的復數形式
how much+不可數名詞
bags of milk 幾袋牛奶
want sb to do sth 想要某人干某事
king of+adj
a king of,kings of+n
too much+不可數名詞
too many+可數名詞復數
much too+adj or adv
few ,a few+可數名詞復數
little,a little+不可數名詞
few,little表示否定「幾乎沒有」
a few,a little表示肯定「有一些」
ask sb to do sth要求某人干某事肯定形式
ask sb not to do sth要求某人不幹某事否定形式
would like to do sth願意干某事
look for 尋找
look at看
look after=take care of 照顧；照看
look like 看起來像
be good for 對什麼什麼有好處
stop to do sth 停下來去干某事
stop doing sth停下干某事
hope to do sth希望干某事
agree with sb同意某人的建議
take some exercise進行鍛煉
show sb sth or show sth to sb把某物展示給某人
help sb (to) do sth幫助某人干某事
到達：get to,reach,arrive in(at)+地點；後加地點副詞時,get to去掉to,arrive in(at)省略介詞in(at)
形容詞修飾不定代詞放在不定代詞的後面如：something different一些不同不定代詞有：something,anything,somewhere,anywhere等
make sb do sth,let sb do sth 讓某人干某事
forget to do sth 忘記去做某事，forget doing sth 忘記做過某事
it is+adj+ (for sb )to do sth
finish doing sth完成做某事
it takes sb sometime to do sth，sb spend sometime doing sth 某人花時間做某事
pay+金錢+for sth或pay+sb+金錢+to do sth
a number of許多，謂語v用復數，可數名詞用復數；