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初中英語非謂語語法知識點

發布時間:2021-01-30 04:28:50

A. 初中英語非謂語動詞

1.b把verymuch放在句末來來看,你就源明白了。
7c動詞不定式表示目的,writeon是固定搭配。
11bgetsbtodosth固定搭配。
12b這里的to不是動詞,而是介詞,所以跟現在分詞。
16dfor是介詞,後面跟現在分詞,you是賓格,所以要放在片語中間。
17d首先,keepfrom加動名詞表示「阻止……」,其次,書是被偷,所以用被動語態。

B. 初中英語非謂語動詞用法

有些動詞後使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語的差別

1)forget to do 忘記要去做某事(此事未做)

forget doing忘記做過某事(此事已做過或已發生)

2)stop to do 停止、中斷(某件事),目的是去做另一件事

stop doing 停止正在或經常做的事

3)remember to do 記住去做某事(未做)

remember doing記得做過某事(已做)

4) regret to do對要做的事遺憾

regret doing對做過的事遺憾、後悔

5)try to do努力、企圖做某事

try doing試驗、試一試某種辦法

6) mean to do打算,有意要…

mean doing意味著

7)go on to do 繼而(去做另外一件事情)

go on doing 繼續(原先沒有做完的事情)

8)propose to do 打算(要做某事)

proposing doing建議(做某事)

9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具體行為;+doing sth 表示抽象、傾向概念

(注)如果這些動詞前有should一詞,其後賓語只跟不定式,不能跟動名詞。例如:

I should like to see him tomorrow.

10) need, want, deserve +動名詞表被動意義;+不定式被動態表示「要(修、清理等)」意思。

Don't you remember seeing the man before?你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?

You must remember to leave tomorrow.你可要記著是明天動身。

I don't regret telling her what I thought.我不後悔給她講過我的想法。(已講過)

I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.我很遺憾必須這樣去做,我實在沒辦法。(未做但要做)

You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。

Let's try doing the work some other way.讓我們試一試用另外一種辦法來做這工作。

I didn't mean to hurt your feeling.我沒想要傷害你的感情。

This illness will mean (your) going to hospital.得了這種病(你)就要進醫院。

4.不定式、現在分詞和過去分詞作定語的區別

(1)不定式作定語

1)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是主謂關系

He was the last one to leave school yesterday.昨天他是最後一個離開教室的。

The train to arrive was from London.將要到站的火車是從倫敦開來的。

2)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是動賓關系

Get him something to eat.給他拿點兒東西吃。

She has a lot of work to do in the morning.早上他有很多工作要做。

3)不及物動詞構成的不定式做定語,要加上適當的介詞和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動賓關系,這里的介詞不能省去。

I need a pen to write with.我需要一支筆寫字。

There is nothing to worry about.沒有什麼值得發愁的。

4)不定式修飾一些表示方向、原因、時間、機會、權利等抽象名詞如:

ability能力,本領 drive趕,駕駛 movement運動,活動

ambition抱負,野心 effort努力,嘗試 need需要,需求

campaign戰役,運動 failure失敗,不及格 opportunity機會

chance機會 force力,壓力,要點 promise許諾,希望

courage勇氣 intention意向,意圖 reason理由,原因

decision決定 method方法,方式 light光,光線,亮光

determination決心,決定 motive動機,目的 struggle奮斗,努力,

tendency傾向,趨勢 wish希望,願望,祝願

5)被修飾的名詞前有序數詞、形容詞最高級或next, second, last, only和not a,the等限定詞時候,只能用不定式。

6)不定代詞something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等習慣上用不定式做定語。

John will do anything but work on a farm.除了農活,約翰什麼都願意干。

7)如果其動詞要求用不定式做賓語,或者其形容詞要器接不定式做補語,則相應的名詞一般用不定式做定語。如: tend to do---tendency to do;decide to do = decision to do;be curious to do = curiosity to do

His wish to buy a car came true.他要買輛車的願望實現了。

Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.

他們放棄這個實驗的決定使我們大吃一驚。

He is always the first to come and the last to leave.

他總是第一個到來,最後一個離去。

(2)分詞作定語

分詞作定語時有下面幾個特點:

1)現在分詞表示主動意義,過去分詞一般表示被動含意。

2)現在分詞表示正在進行,過去分詞表示狀態或做完(完成)的事。

He rushed into the burning house.他沖進了正在燃燒著的房子。

The child standing over there is my brother.站在那兒的男孩子是我弟弟。

The room facing south is our classroom.朝南的房間是我們的教室。

Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那個修好的表了嗎?

He is an advanced teacher.他是個先進教師。

3)下列不及物動詞也以過去分詞形式做定語或表語,但不具有被動意義,這點要注意:

departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come

(3)不定式和分詞作定語時的時間關系

一般來說,不定式所表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之後;現在分詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生;過去分詞表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。例如:

Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?

你要見那位將從北京請來的醫生嗎?

Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?

你要見那位正在辦公室里寫病歷的醫生嗎?

5.不定式和分詞作狀語的區別

(1)現在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區別。

現在分詞做狀語與過去分詞做狀語的最主要區別在於兩者與所修飾的主語的主動與被動關系的區別。

1)現在分詞作狀語時,現在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作,它們之間的關系是主動關系。

He went out shutting the door behind him.

他出去後將門隨手關上。

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.

由於不知如何辦是好,他去找父母幫忙。

2)過去分詞作狀語時,過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作,它們之間的關系是被動關系。

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.

如果對這些樹多關心一些,它們本來會長得更好。

Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.

在遇到困難的時候,我們必須設法克服。

(2)動詞不定式和分詞作狀語的區別

1)分詞作狀語一般表示伴隨,而不定式常常表示目的。

They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他們站在路邊談論著這個計劃。(伴隨)

They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他們站在路邊為的是談論這個計劃。(目的)

2)分詞作狀語放在句子開頭,除表示原因之外有時表示時間或條件。動詞不定式作狀語時,除了表示目的以外,還表示結果或原因。

Reading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch.由於在專心讀書,他忘了吃午飯的時間。(原因)

Reading carefully,he found something he had not known before.他仔細讀書時,發現了一些從前不知道的東西。(時間)

Reading carefully,you'll learn something new.只要你仔細閱讀,你會學到一些新的東西。(條件)

His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太窮,不能維持他的生活。(結果)

The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf.這男孩個子不夠高,手伸不到書架。(結果)

We are glad to hear the news.我們很高興聽到這消息。(原因)

(3)下面一些句型是不定式做狀語時候應該注意的:

a:not/never too…to, too…not to , but/only too… to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意義

b:做結果狀語的不定式只能出現在句子的末尾,常見的不定式動詞有:find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, proce 等。

c:不定式做狀語時,其邏輯主語一般為句子的主語,否則用for引導主語。

6.非謂語動詞常考的其它結構

(1)疑問詞+不定式結構

疑問詞who,what,which,when,where和how後加不定式可構成一種特殊的不定式短語。它在句中可以用作主語、賓語、表語和雙重賓語。如:

When to start has not been decided.何時動身尚未決定。(主語)

I don't know what to do.我不知道該怎麼辦。(賓語)

The difficulty was how to cross the river.困難在於如何過河。(表語)

I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告訴你哪裡可以買到此書。(雙重賓語)

注)A.有時疑問詞前可用介詞,如:

I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。

B.動詞know 後面不能直接跟不定式作賓語,只能跟疑問詞(如:how, what)+不定式:

While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.

(2)介詞except和but作「只有…,只能…」講時跟不定式結構(but與不帶to的不定式連用)。

When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.

(3)不帶to的不定式

1)在表示生理感覺的動詞後的不定式不帶to。這類詞有:

feel 覺得 observe 注意到,看到 overhear聽到

watch注視 listen to聽 perceive察覺,感知

notice注意 see看見 look at看 hear聽

On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and went on the rescue.

2)另一類是某些使役動詞,如make, let,have等。如:

Let him do it.讓他做吧。

I would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了。

(注):

①上述感覺動詞與使役動詞轉換為被動結構時.其後的不定式一般需帶to,如:

He was seen to come.

The boy was made to go to bed early.

②在動詞find與help之後,不定式可帶to亦可不帶to,如:

He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season.他發現羊在此季節越出柵欄,感到驚訝。

3)在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)結構中。例如:

Last night I did nothing but watch TV.昨天晚上,我除了看電視別的什麼也沒有干。

但是,如果謂語動詞不是「do nothing,anything,everything」,那麼but(except)所跟的不定式則仍須帶。

The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.醫生除了讓他戒煙,其它什麼都沒有說。

There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外,他們沒有別有別的辦法。

(4)不定式與動名詞的邏輯主語和分詞獨立結構

1)不定式的邏輯主語為:for +名詞(或代詞賓格)+ 不定式。例如:

I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.我發現他—個人干這活是不可能的。

(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容詞後面,常用of引出不定式的邏輯主語。例如:

It was wise of him to do that.他那樣做是明智的。

2)動名詞的邏輯主語為;①人稱代詞的所有格+動名詞;②名詞's+動名詞。例如:

Tom insisted on my going with them.他堅持要我和他們一起去。

He dislikes his wife's working late.他不喜歡他妻子工作得很晚。

3)某些形容詞,如:careless等不定式後可以加of來引導出其邏輯主語。這類詞主要有:absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等

It is very kind of you to help me.你幫助我太好了。

間或也可用for + there to be表示(而且there後面的不定式只能是to be)。

It's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遺憾了公司里有這么多的麻煩。

7.非謂語動詞中的有關句型

(1)動名詞作主語的句型

1)Doing...+ v. Reading is an art.閱讀是門藝術。Seeing is believing.眼見為實。

2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名詞+doing sth.

It is no use crying.哭沒有用。It is no good objecting.反對也沒有用。

It is a great fun playing football.打籃球很有趣。

It is a waste of time trying to explain.設法解釋是浪費時間。

3)It is + useless (nice, good,interesting, expensive等形容詞)+ doing sth.

It is useless speaking.光說沒用。

It is nice seeing you again.真高興又遇到了你。

It is good Playing chess after supper.晚飯後弈棋挺好。

It is expensive running this car.開這種小車是浪費。

C. 關於非謂語動詞語法的詳解

在英語中,不作句子謂語,而具有除謂語外其他語法功能的動詞,叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞有動詞不定式(the Infinitive);動名詞(the Gerund);現在分詞(the Present Participle);過去分詞(the Past Participle)。

1.非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的相同點有:

(1)如果是及物動詞都可與賓語連用,例如:

They built a garden.

They suggested building a garden.

(2)都可以被狀語修飾:

The suit fits him very well.

The suit used to fit him very well.

(3)都有主動與被動, 「體」式(一般式;進行式;完成式)的變化。例如:

He was punished by his parents.(謂語動詞被動語態)

He avoided being punished by his parents.(動名詞的被動式)

We have written the composition.(謂語動詞的完成時)

Having written the composition, we handed it in.(現在分詞的完成式)

(4)都可以有邏輯主語

They started the work at once.(謂語動詞的邏輯主語)

The boss ordered them to start the work.(動詞不定式的邏輯主語)

We are League members.(謂語動詞的主語)

We being League member, the work was well done.

(現在分詞的邏輯主語)

2、非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的不同點有:

(1)非謂語動詞可以有名詞作用(如動詞不定式和動名詞),在句中做主語、賓語、表語。

(2)非謂語動詞可以有形容詞作用(如動詞不定式和分詞),在句中做定語、表語或賓語補足語。

(3)非謂語動詞可以有副詞作用(如動詞不定式和分詞),在句中作狀語。

(二)非謂語動詞的句法功能:

二、非謂語動詞用法:

(一)動詞不定式:(to)+do,具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特徵。

1.不定式的形式:(以動詞write為例)

否定式:not + (to) do

(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生或發生在謂語動詞動作之後,
例如:

I'm glad to meet you.

He seems to know a lot.

We plan to pay a visit.

He wants to be an artist.

The patient asked to be operated on at once.

The teacher ordered the work to be done.

(2)進行式:不定式的進行式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生,例如:

The boy pretended to be working hard.

He seems to be reading in his room.

(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞動作之前,例如:

I regretted to have told a lie.

I happened to have seen the film.

He is pleased to have met his friend.

2.不定式的句法功能:

(1)作主語:

To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.

To lose your heart means failure.

動詞不定式短語作主語時,常用it作形式主語,例如上面兩句可用如下形式:

It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.

It means failure to lose your heart.

(2)作表語:

Her job is to clean the hall.

He appears to have caught a cold.

(3)作賓語:

常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(賓語)後面有賓語補足語,則用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語(不定式)後置,放在賓語補足語後面,例如:

Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.

動詞不定式也可充當介詞賓語,如:

I have no choice but to stay here.

He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.

動詞不定式前有時可與疑問詞連用,如:

He gave us some advice on how to learn English.

(4)作賓語補足語:

在復合賓語中,動詞不定式可充當賓語補足語,如下動詞常跟這種復合賓語:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.

此外,介詞有時也與這種復合賓語連用,如:

With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.

有些動詞如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等與不帶有to的不定式連用,但改為被動語態時,不定式要加to, 如:

I saw him cross the road.

He was seen to cross the road.

(5)作定語:

動詞不定式作定語,放在所修飾的名詞或代詞後。與所修飾名詞有如下關系:

①動賓關系:

I have a meeting to attend.

注意:不定式為不及物動詞時,所修飾的名詞如果是地點、工具等,應有必要的介詞,如:

He found a good house to live in.

The child has nothing to worry about.

What did you open it with?

如果不定式修飾time, place, way,可以省略介詞:

He has no place to live.

This is the best way to work out this problem.

如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動作承受者,不定式可用主動式也可用被動式:

Have you got anything to send?

Have you got anything to be sent?

②說明所修飾名詞的內容:

We have made a plan to finish the work.

③被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語:

He is the first to get here.

(6)作狀語:

①表目的:

He worked day and night to get the money.

She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.

注意不定式放句首時,邏輯主語與句子主語要一致:

wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.

right:To save money, he has tried every means.

wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.

right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.

②表結果:

He arrived late to find the train gone.

常用only放在不定式前表示強調:

I visited him only to find him out.

③表原因:

They were very sad to hear the news.

④表程度:

It's too dark for us to see anything.

The question is simple for him to answer.

(7)作獨立成分:

To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.

(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do動詞。

If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.

(9)不定式的並列:第二個不定式可省略to。

He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.

(二)動名詞:

動名詞既具有動詞的一些特徵,又具有名詞的句法功能。

1.動名詞的形式:

否定式:not + 動名詞

(1)一般式:

Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。

(2)被動式:

He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀請就來到了晚會。

(3)完成式:

We remembered having seen the film. 我們記得看過這部電影。

(4)完成被動式:

He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.

他忘記五歲時曾被帶到廣州去過。

(5)否定式:not + 動名詞

I regret not following his advice. 我後悔沒聽他的勸告。

(6)復合結構:物主代詞(或名詞所有格)+ 動名詞

He suggested our trying it once again. 他建議我們再試一次。

His not knowing English troubled him a lot.

他不懂英語給他帶來許多麻煩。

2.動名詞的句法功能:

(1)作主語:

Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗讀是很有好處的。

Collecting stamps is interesting. 集郵很有趣。

當動名詞短語作主語時常用it作形式主語。

It's no use quarrelling.爭吵是沒用的。

(2)作表語:

In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.

在螞蟻王國,蟻後的工作是產卵。

(3)作賓語:

They haven't finished building the dam. 他們還沒有建好大壩。

We have to prevent the air from being polluted.

我們必須阻止空氣被污染。

注意動名詞既可作動詞賓語也可作介詞賓語,如上面兩個例句。此外,動名詞作賓語時,若跟有賓語補足語,則常用形式賓語it,例如:

We found it no good making fun of others. 我們發現取笑他人不好。

要記住如下動詞及短語只跟動名詞作賓語:

enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承認),deny(否認), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒險), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like

(4)作定語:

He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他沒有拐杖不能走路。

Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你們學校有游泳池嗎?

(5)作同位語:

The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那個山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。

His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.

他收聽收音機新聞節目的習慣仍未改變。

(三)現在分詞:

現在分詞既具有動詞的一些特徵,又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能。

1、現在分詞的形式:

否定式:not + 現在分詞

(1)現在分詞的主動語態:現在分詞主動語態的一般式表示與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生,完成
式表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發生,常作狀語。例如:

They went to the park, singing and talking. 他們邊唱邊說向公園走去。

Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作業,他開始打籃球。

(2)現在分詞的被動語態:一般式表示與謂語動詞同時發生的被動的動作,完成式表示發生在謂語動
詞之前的被動的動作。

The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被討論的問題很重要。

Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.

被告訴了好幾遍,這個淘氣的孩子又犯了同一個錯誤。

2.現在分詞的句法功能:

(1)作定語:現在分詞作定語,當分詞單獨做定語時,放在所修飾的名詞前;如果是分詞短語做定語
放在名詞後。

In the following years he worked even harder.

在後來的幾年中,他學習更努力了。

The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.

正與老師談話的那個人是我們班長的父親。

現在分詞作定語相當於一個定語從句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改為the man who is speaking to the teacher.

(2)現在分詞作表語:

The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在這家上演的電影很棒。

The present situation is inspiring. 當前的形勢鼓舞人心。

be + doing既可能表示現在進行時,也可能是現在分詞做表語,它們的區別在於be + doing表示進行的動作是進行時,而表示特徵時是系動詞be與現在分詞構成系表結構。

(3)作賓語補足語:

如下動詞後可跟現在分詞作賓語補足語:

see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如:

Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎?

He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他讓小汽車在門口等著。

(4)現在分詞作狀語:

①作時間狀語:

(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.

在工廠工作時,他是一名先進工人。

②作原因狀語:

Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由於是共青團員,他經常幫助他人。

③作方式狀語,表示伴隨:

He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家裡,又擦又洗。

④作條件狀語:

(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.

要是整天玩,你就會浪費寶貴的時間。

⑤作結果狀語:

He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,結果摔得粉碎。

⑥作目的狀語:

He went swimming the other day. 幾天前他去游泳了。

⑦作讓步狀語:

Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.

雖然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。

⑧與邏輯主語構成獨立主格:

I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard.

我等汽車時,一隻鳥落到我頭上。

All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.

所有的票已經賣光了,他們失望地離開了。

Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.

如果時間允許,我們將做另兩個練習。

有時也可用with (without) +名詞(代詞賓格)+分詞形式

With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點著燈睡著了。

⑨作獨立成分:

udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.

從外表看,他一定是個演員。

Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般說來,女孩子更細心。

(四)過去分詞:

過去分詞只有一種形式:規則動詞由動詞原形加詞尾-ed構成。不規則動詞的過去分詞沒有統一的規則要求,要一一記住。

過去分詞的句法功能:

1.過去分詞作定語:

Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行。

Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 當選為委員的人將出席這次會。

注意當過去分詞是單詞時,一般用於名詞前,如果是過去分詞短語,就放在名詞的後面。過去分詞做定語相當於一個被動語態的定語從句。

2.過去分詞作表語:

The window is broken. 窗戶破了。

They were frightened at the sad sight. 他們對眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。

注意:be + 過去分詞,如果表示狀態是系表結構,如果表示被動的動作是被動語態。區別:

The window is broken.(系表)

The window was broken by the boy.(被動)

有些過去分詞是不及物動詞構成的,不表示被動,只表示完成。如:

boiled water(開水) fallen leaves(落葉)

newly arrived goods(新到的貨) the risen sun(升起的太陽)

the changed world(變了的世界)

這類過去分詞有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。

3.過去分詞作賓語補足語:

I heard the song sung several times last week.

上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。

有時過去分詞做with短語中的賓語補足語:

With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他們出去玩去了。

4.過去分詞作狀語:

Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.

受到鄰居們的表揚,他成為父母的驕傲。(表示原因)

Once seen, it can never be forgotten.

一旦它被看見,人們就忘不了。(表示時間)

Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.

如果給予更多的時間,我能做得更好。(表示條件)

Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.

雖然被告之有危險,他仍然冒生命危險去救那個孩子。(表示讓步)

Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充滿了希望與恐懼,他走進山洞

D. 初中英語非謂語的用法

上一講我們講了名詞,不知道大家課後有沒有復習啊?現在是高考復習的重要階段,千萬不能偷懶哦!

這一講我們將復習動詞。內容可能會有些多,而且這一部分也是考試的重點。所以,大家要盡量多抽些時間來復習。

動詞的復習要從幾個方面來思考:
1、弄清動詞的分類:實義動詞、系動詞、助動詞、情態動詞。這樣可以針對每類動詞的特點來進行進一步的復習。
2、動詞短語。
3、非謂語動詞

首先我們來看看四類動詞。第一類是實義動詞。這一類動詞所含內容比較廣。考查點也比較多。

1、單詞意思。尤其是近義的動詞。
例如:In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully _____.
A. admitted B. acknowledged C. absorbed D. considered
在這道題中, 四個選項看起來似乎都符合題意。但是自己比較一下詞義,我們就會發現本題應該選D. considered 考慮; admit 承認; absorb 吸收。acknowledge (=agree or admit the truth of; confess) 承認, 供認.
這一部分我們可以參照我們第一階段的復習。

2、時態。動詞的時態是中學英語的一個主要學習內容。一般來說,實義動詞被用於16種時態中(參照:動詞的16種時態。)我們必須知道動詞的變化規則,包括:原型、現在分詞、過去分詞、過去式以及不定式。這些變化規則可以參照:規則動詞的詞形變化 不規則英語動詞巧記法。

其次是系動詞。系動詞主要就是be, am, is, are以及它們的相關形式。這一部分的復習要結合名詞的單復數和各種時態。此外,被動語態也是其中經常涉及到的問題。這一部分要結合實義動詞的過去分詞形式來復習。

助動詞:協助主要動詞構成謂語動詞片語的詞。(Auxiliary Verb)。被協助的動詞稱作主要動詞(Main Verb)。
助動詞自身沒有詞義,不可單獨使用,例如:
He doesn't like English. 他不喜歡英語。
(doesn't是助動詞,無詞義;like是主要動詞,有詞義)
2)助動詞協助主要動詞完成以下功用,可以用來:
a. 表示時態,b. 表示語態,c. 構成疑問句,
d. 與否定副詞not合用,構成否定句,e. 加強語氣,
最常用的助動詞有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would

對於上面幾個助動詞的用法我們要仔細地復習。在考試中經常會考到。

對於,情態動詞來說,內容比較多,也很重要。我們以前曾經總結分析過。這里就不具體說了。您可以參考:高中情態動詞精講與解析。

接下來我們將談談動詞短語。

縱觀歷年的英語高考試題,動詞短語一直都是高考的難點,也是熱點和重點之一,主要集中在單項填空和完形填空兩大題型,考查的重點為動詞的固定搭配及辨析。對動詞短語的固定搭配的熟記和掌握在學習動詞短語中起著極其重要的作用。下面我們簡單介紹一下動詞短語的含義及其分類。

一、動詞短語的概述及分類

動詞常與其他詞類(多是介詞和副詞)搭配在一起,構成固定片語,稱之為動詞短語。一般動詞短語可分為以下幾類:

1. 及物動詞+介詞

這類結構中的介詞不能與動詞分開,賓語只能放在介詞之後。常見短語有:agree with同意……的意見,符合,一致;ask for請求,詢問;arrive at/in到達;begin with以……開始;come from來自;feel like想要;fall behind落在……後面;fall off掉下;get to到達;get on上(車) 。

【考題例析】

If you ___any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.

A. come up with B. set about C. run into D. put aside

【解析】答案 C。本題題意為「當你到機場時如果有任何問題,請給我打電話。」come up with 提出,趕上,拿出;set about 開始,著手,散布謠言;run into 遇到;put aside 把……放在一邊。

2. 動詞+副詞

這類結構中賓語放在副詞之前、之後均可,但如果賓語為人稱代詞,則必須放在副詞之前。如果賓語過長,則應放在副詞之後。常見短語有:eat up吃光;find out找出,查明;put off 推遲;look out 當心;come out 出版;go off 走火,熄滅;keep out 使不進入。

【考題例析】

Before the war broke out, many people ___in safe places possessions they couldn』t take with them.

A. threw away B. put away C. gave away D. carried away

【解析】 答案 B。本題題意為「在戰爭爆發之前,許多人把他們不能夠帶上的財物放在安全的地方。」throw away拋棄,失去;put away把……收起來;give away贈送,放棄;carry away帶走,搬去, 沖昏……的頭腦。
3. 動詞+副詞+介詞

這類結構中,介詞的賓語不能置於介詞之前。常見短語有be fed up with厭倦;catch up with趕上;go on with繼續;get on with與……相處。

【考題例析】

The final examination is coming up soon. It』s time for us to ________ our studies.

A. get down to B. get out C. get back for D. get over

【解析】 答案 A。此題意為「期末考試將至,我們該開始認真學習了。」 get down to認真對待,認真考慮;get out出去,泄露;get back for回來,取回,恢復;get over恢復,完成,克服。

4. 動詞+名詞+介詞

常見短語有:take care of照料,照顧;make room for給……騰出地方;make friends with與……交朋友;play a joke on戲弄某人;have a look at看一看;have a drink of喝一點;say goodbye to告別;告辭。

【考題例析】

Unfortunately, not everyone has realized the important part the balance of nature their daily life.

A. plays in B. playing C. plays of D. to play in

【解析】 答案 A。本題考查引導定語從句的關系詞。解題關鍵在於識別短語play an important part in……。其中賓語part作先行詞,所以定語從句中缺賓語,應用關系代詞which /that 引導定語從句,而且可以省略。

5. Be動詞+形容詞+介詞

常見短語有:be late for遲到;be angry with生氣;be busy with忙於;be short for是……的簡稱;be interested in對……感興趣;be famous for因……而著名;be good at擅長;be different from與……不同;be good/bad for對……有益/害;be friendly to對……友好。

【考題例析】

The students studied hard. They were ___for knowledge.

A. worry B. worried C. eager D. curious

【解析】 答案 C。be worried about為……擔心; be eager for盼望,渴求;be curious about 對……好奇。根據句意可知答案為C。

6. 動詞+反身代詞+介詞

常見短語有:help oneself to 隨便吃……;give oneself to 熱心於;occupy oneself with 忙於;enjoy oneself 玩得開心;dressed oneself in 穿著;break oneself to (去掉……的習慣=get rid of ) ;devote oneself to 專心,致力於,獻身;throw oneself to 投身於……。

【考題例析】

She devoted herself ____ the problems of the teenagers.

A. in studying B. at studying C. to study D. to studying

【解析】 答案 D。本題考查固定短語devote oneself to 專心,致力於,獻身於……,其中to 為介詞,所以選D。

二、2005高考真題演練

1. Before building a house, you will have to ___the government's permission. (2005 全國卷II)

A. get from B. follow C. receive D. ask for

2. ---Why does she always ask you for help?

---There is no one else____, is there? (2005 北京卷)

A. who to turn to B. she can turn to

C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn

3. If it is quite ____to you, I'll visit you next Tuesday.(2005天津卷)

A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable

4. His idea of having weekly family meals together,which seemed difficult at first, has ____many good changes in their lives. (2005重慶卷)

A. got through B. resulted from C. turned into D. brought about

5. ---You know, Bob is a little slow____ understanding.
---So I have to be patient ___him. (2005重慶卷)
A. in ; with B. on ; with C. in ; to D. at ; for

6. I couldn』t ____.The line was busy. (2005 浙江卷)
A. go by B. go around C. get in D. get through

7. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ___his notes. (2005浙江卷)
A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on

8. The dictionary is being printed and it will soon_____.(2005福建卷)
A. turn out B. come out C. start out D. go out

9. I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson _____.(2005湖南卷)
A. cut in B. cut down C. cut out D. cut up

10. Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you ____yesterday? ( 2005遼寧卷)
A. tried on B. put on C. had on D. pulled on
【答案與解析】
1. 答案 D。ask for one』s permission 徵求某人的允許。
2. 答案 B。 turn to sb 轉向,求助於某人。此句no one 為先行詞,she can turn to 為定語從句。
3. 答案 A。if it is convenient to you,如果你方便的話。
4. 答案 D。 get through度過,完成; result from 由於……的原因;bring about 使發生,引起,導致。
5. 答案 A。be patient with sb 為固定短語。意思為:對……很耐心。
6. 答案D。go by 時光流逝;get in 收割;get through 通過,度過,完成。此處句意為「打通電話」。
7. 答案 B。bring up 撫養長大;refer to 提到,查閱,參考;look for 尋找;try on 試穿。
8. 答案 B。turn out 結果是;come out 出來,出版; start out 開始;go out 出去。
9. 答案A。 cut in 插嘴; cut down 砍倒; cut out 停止作用; cut up 切碎。
10. 答案 C。try on 試穿; put on 穿上; have on 穿著; pull on 匆匆穿上。

希望大家多多練習。

最後, 我們來看看非謂語動詞。

非謂語動詞,顧名思義就是不能做謂語的動詞,包括不定式,動名詞,現在分詞和過去分詞。對於非謂語動詞我們可以參照:非謂語動詞用法比較與高考試題、非謂語動詞的不同時態、非謂語動詞選擇題七十、非謂語動詞填空題三十

對於非謂語動詞這塊,在後期我們還會進行進一步地講解。

E. 急求非謂語的語法知識點

在英語中,不作句子謂語,而具有除謂語外其他語法功能的動詞,叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞有動詞不定式(the Infinitive);動名詞(the Gerund);現在分詞(the Present Participle);過去分詞(the Past Participle)。

1.非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的相同點有:

(1)如果是及物動詞都可與賓語連用,例如:

They built a garden.

They suggested building a garden.

(2)都可以被狀語修飾:

The suit fits him very well.

The suit used to fit him very well.

(3)都有主動與被動, 「體」式(一般式;進行式;完成式)的變化。例如:

He was punished by his parents.(謂語動詞被動語態)

He avoided being punished by his parents.(動名詞的被動式)

We have written the composition.(謂語動詞的完成時)

Having written the composition, we handed it in.(現在分詞的完成式)

(4)都可以有邏輯主語

They started the work at once.(謂語動詞的邏輯主語)

The boss ordered them to start the work.(動詞不定式的邏輯主語)

We are League members.(謂語動詞的主語)

We being League member, the work was well done.

(現在分詞的邏輯主語)

2、非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的不同點有:

(1)非謂語動詞可以有名詞作用(如動詞不定式和動名詞),在句中做主語、賓語、表語。

(2)非謂語動詞可以有形容詞作用(如動詞不定式和分詞),在句中做定語、表語或賓語補足語。

(3)非謂語動詞可以有副詞作用(如動詞不定式和分詞),在句中作狀語。

(二)非謂語動詞的句法功能:

二、非謂語動詞用法:

(一)動詞不定式:(to)+do,具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特徵。

1.不定式的形式:(以動詞write為例)

否定式:not + (to) do

(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生或發生在謂語動詞動作之後,
例如:

I'm glad to meet you.

He seems to know a lot.

We plan to pay a visit.

He wants to be an artist.

The patient asked to be operated on at once.

The teacher ordered the work to be done.

(2)進行式:不定式的進行式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生,例如:

The boy pretended to be working hard.

He seems to be reading in his room.

(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞動作之前,例如:

I regretted to have told a lie.

I happened to have seen the film.

He is pleased to have met his friend.

2.不定式的句法功能:

(1)作主語:

To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.

To lose your heart means failure.

動詞不定式短語作主語時,常用it作形式主語,例如上面兩句可用如下形式:

It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.

It means failure to lose your heart.

(2)作表語:

Her job is to clean the hall.

He appears to have caught a cold.

(3)作賓語:

常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(賓語)後面有賓語補足語,則用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語(不定式)後置,放在賓語補足語後面,例如:

Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.

動詞不定式也可充當介詞賓語,如:

I have no choice but to stay here.

He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.

動詞不定式前有時可與疑問詞連用,如:

He gave us some advice on how to learn English.

(4)作賓語補足語:

在復合賓語中,動詞不定式可充當賓語補足語,如下動詞常跟這種復合賓語:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.

此外,介詞有時也與這種復合賓語連用,如:

With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.

有些動詞如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等與不帶有to的不定式連用,但改為被動語態時,不定式要加to, 如:

I saw him cross the road.

He was seen to cross the road.

(5)作定語:

動詞不定式作定語,放在所修飾的名詞或代詞後。與所修飾名詞有如下關系:

①動賓關系:

I have a meeting to attend.

注意:不定式為不及物動詞時,所修飾的名詞如果是地點、工具等,應有必要的介詞,如:

He found a good house to live in.

The child has nothing to worry about.

What did you open it with?

如果不定式修飾time, place, way,可以省略介詞:

He has no place to live.

This is the best way to work out this problem.

如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動作承受者,不定式可用主動式也可用被動式:

Have you got anything to send?

Have you got anything to be sent?

②說明所修飾名詞的內容:

We have made a plan to finish the work.

③被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語:

He is the first to get here.

(6)作狀語:

①表目的:

He worked day and night to get the money.

She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.

注意不定式放句首時,邏輯主語與句子主語要一致:

wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.

right:To save money, he has tried every means.

wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.

right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.

②表結果:

He arrived late to find the train gone.

常用only放在不定式前表示強調:

I visited him only to find him out.

③表原因:

They were very sad to hear the news.

④表程度:

It's too dark for us to see anything.

The question is simple for him to answer.

(7)作獨立成分:

To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.

(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do動詞。

If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.

(9)不定式的並列:第二個不定式可省略to。

He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.

(二)動名詞:

動名詞既具有動詞的一些特徵,又具有名詞的句法功能。

1.動名詞的形式:

否定式:not + 動名詞

(1)一般式:

Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。

(2)被動式:

He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀請就來到了晚會。

(3)完成式:

We remembered having seen the film. 我們記得看過這部電影。

(4)完成被動式:

He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.

他忘記五歲時曾被帶到廣州去過。

(5)否定式:not + 動名詞

I regret not following his advice. 我後悔沒聽他的勸告。

(6)復合結構:物主代詞(或名詞所有格)+ 動名詞

He suggested our trying it once again. 他建議我們再試一次。

His not knowing English troubled him a lot.

他不懂英語給他帶來許多麻煩。

2.動名詞的句法功能:

(1)作主語:

Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗讀是很有好處的。

Collecting stamps is interesting. 集郵很有趣。

當動名詞短語作主語時常用it作形式主語。

It's no use quarrelling.爭吵是沒用的。

(2)作表語:

In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.

在螞蟻王國,蟻後的工作是產卵。

(3)作賓語:

They haven't finished building the dam. 他們還沒有建好大壩。

We have to prevent the air from being polluted.

我們必須阻止空氣被污染。

注意動名詞既可作動詞賓語也可作介詞賓語,如上面兩個例句。此外,動名詞作賓語時,若跟有賓語補足語,則常用形式賓語it,例如:

We found it no good making fun of others. 我們發現取笑他人不好。

要記住如下動詞及短語只跟動名詞作賓語:

enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承認),deny(否認), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒險), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like

(4)作定語:

He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他沒有拐杖不能走路。

Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你們學校有游泳池嗎?

(5)作同位語:

The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那個山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。

His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.

他收聽收音機新聞節目的習慣仍未改變。

(三)現在分詞:

現在分詞既具有動詞的一些特徵,又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能。

1、現在分詞的形式:

否定式:not + 現在分詞

(1)現在分詞的主動語態:現在分詞主動語態的一般式表示與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生,完成
式表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發生,常作狀語。例如:

They went to the park, singing and talking. 他們邊唱邊說向公園走去。

Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作業,他開始打籃球。

(2)現在分詞的被動語態:一般式表示與謂語動詞同時發生的被動的動作,完成式表示發生在謂語動
詞之前的被動的動作。

The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被討論的問題很重要。

Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.

被告訴了好幾遍,這個淘氣的孩子又犯了同一個錯誤。

2.現在分詞的句法功能:

(1)作定語:現在分詞作定語,當分詞單獨做定語時,放在所修飾的名詞前;如果是分詞短語做定語
放在名詞後。

In the following years he worked even harder.

在後來的幾年中,他學習更努力了。

The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.

正與老師談話的那個人是我們班長的父親。

現在分詞作定語相當於一個定語從句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改為the man who is speaking to the teacher.

(2)現在分詞作表語:

The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在這家上演的電影很棒。

The present situation is inspiring. 當前的形勢鼓舞人心。

be + doing既可能表示現在進行時,也可能是現在分詞做表語,它們的區別在於be + doing表示進行的動作是進行時,而表示特徵時是系動詞be與現在分詞構成系表結構。

(3)作賓語補足語:

如下動詞後可跟現在分詞作賓語補足語:

see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如:

Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎?

He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他讓小汽車在門口等著。

(4)現在分詞作狀語:

①作時間狀語:

(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.

在工廠工作時,他是一名先進工人。

②作原因狀語:

Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由於是共青團員,他經常幫助他人。

③作方式狀語,表示伴隨:

He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家裡,又擦又洗。

④作條件狀語:

(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.

要是整天玩,你就會浪費寶貴的時間。

⑤作結果狀語:

He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,結果摔得粉碎。

⑥作目的狀語:

He went swimming the other day. 幾天前他去游泳了。

⑦作讓步狀語:

Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.

雖然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。

⑧與邏輯主語構成獨立主格:

I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard.

我等汽車時,一隻鳥落到我頭上。

All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.

所有的票已經賣光了,他們失望地離開了。

Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.

如果時間允許,我們將做另兩個練習。

有時也可用with (without) +名詞(代詞賓格)+分詞形式

With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點著燈睡著了。

⑨作獨立成分:

udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.

從外表看,他一定是個演員。

Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般說來,女孩子更細心。

(四)過去分詞:

過去分詞只有一種形式:規則動詞由動詞原形加詞尾-ed構成。不規則動詞的過去分詞沒有統一的規則要求,要一一記住。

過去分詞的句法功能:

1.過去分詞作定語:

Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行。

Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 當選為委員的人將出席這次會。

注意當過去分詞是單詞時,一般用於名詞前,如果是過去分詞短語,就放在名詞的後面。過去分詞做定語相當於一個被動語態的定語從句。

2.過去分詞作表語:

The window is broken. 窗戶破了。

They were frightened at the sad sight. 他們對眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。

注意:be + 過去分詞,如果表示狀態是系表結構,如果表示被動的動作是被動語態。區別:

The window is broken.(系表)

The window was broken by the boy.(被動)

有些過去分詞是不及物動詞構成的,不表示被動,只表示完成。如:

boiled water(開水) fallen leaves(落葉)

newly arrived goods(新到的貨) the risen sun(升起的太陽)

the changed world(變了的世界)

這類過去分詞有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。

3.過去分詞作賓語補足語:

I heard the song sung several times last week.

上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。

有時過去分詞做with短語中的賓語補足語:

With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他們出去玩去了。

4.過去分詞作狀語:

Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.

受到鄰居們的表揚,他成為父母的驕傲。(表示原因)

Once seen, it can never be forgotten.

一旦它被看見,人們就忘不了。(表示時間)

Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.

如果給予更多的時間,我能做得更好。(表示條件)

Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.

雖然被告之有危險,他仍然冒生命危險去救那個孩子。(表示讓步)

Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充滿了希望與恐懼,他走進山洞。

參考資料:http://www.huanggao.net/course/40430/YY_22_02_012/

F. 初中英語語法非謂語動詞

實意動詞除作謂語外,還有不能單獨作謂語的形式,即非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞包括:不定式,動名詞,分詞(現在分詞和過去分詞)
動名詞
動名詞是動詞-ing形式的一種,特點是只能作句子的主語和賓語,但是沒有單復數形式之分,在此不再贅述。
動詞不定式
動詞不定式在句子中可以充當主語,賓語(表語),定語,狀語,和賓語補足語。
不定式充當主語常用形式主語it作形式主語,例如:
It
is
very
hard
to
finish
the
work
in
ten
minutes.
It
means
failure
to
lose
your
heart.
不定式充當賓語一般表示短暫的或尚未發生的行為。例如:
I
like
drinking
tea
in
usual,but
today
I
like
to
have
a
little
wine.
After
walking
for
a
whole
day,
Tom
only
wanted
to
sleep.
注意當不定式作賓語時如果有賓語補足語,則用it作形式賓語,例:Marx
found
it
important
to
study
the
situation
in
Russia.
不定式作定語一般要後置,例如:①Allen
is
the
best
man
to
take
this
job.②He
found
a
good
house
to
live
in.
不定式作賓語補足語:在復合賓語中,動詞不定式可充當賓語補足語,常見該類動詞有:
want,
wish,
ask,
tell,
order,
beg,
permit,
help,
advise,
persuade,
allow,
prepare,
cause,
force,
call
on,
wait
for,
invite.
有些動詞如make,
let,
see,
watch,
hear,
feel,
have等與不帶有to的不定式連用,但改為被動語態時,不定式要to,
如:
I
saw
him
cross
the
road.
He
was
seen
to
cross
the
road.
此外,介詞有時也與這種復合賓語連用,如:With
a
lot
of
work
to
do,
he
didn』t
go
to
the
cinema.
不定式作狀語通常有以下幾種用法:
表目的:He
worked
day
and
night
to
get
the
money.
注意不定式放句首時,邏輯主語與句子主語要一致:
表結果:He
arrived
late
to
find
the
train
gone.常用only放在不定式前表示強調:I
visited
him
only
to
find
him
out.
表原因:They
were
very
sad
to
hear
the
news.
表程度:It』s
too
dark
for
us
to
see
anything.
作獨立成分:To
tell
you
the
truth,
I
don』t
like
the
way
he
talked.
注意①不定式的省略:保留to省略do動詞。If
you
don』t
want
to
do
it,
you
don』t
need
to.②不定式的並列:第二個不定式可省略to。He
wished
to
study
medicine
and
become
a
doctor
分詞
分詞在句子中可以充當定語,補語和狀語。注意在區分使用現在還是過去分詞時,最簡潔有效的方法是看分詞與被修飾詞的關系。如果分詞的動作是被修飾詞發出的,就使用現在分詞;如果分詞的動作是被修飾詞承受的,就使用過去分詞。例如:
作狀語:
①Listening
to
the
music,Tom
cleaned
the
house.(聽音樂的動作也是由Tom發出的)
②Blamed
by
his
father,
the
boy
left
home
without
words.(the
boy是責罵的承受者)
注意當動作由被修飾者發出但是分詞的動作與主句的動作有明顯時間差時,要使用現在分詞的完成時,例如:
Having
finished
all
the
homework,
Mary
helped
her
mother
with
the
housework.做完功課之後,瑪麗幫媽媽做家務。
作定語和賓語補足語:
The
interesting
boy
makes
people
interested.這個有趣的小男孩讓人們很感興趣。(boy是動作的發出者,所以用現在分詞修飾;people是承受者,所以用過去分詞修飾)
The
annoying
noise
made
all
students
annoyed.惱人的噪音讓學生們都很惱火。(noise是動作的發出者,所以用現在分詞修飾;students是承受者,所以用過去分詞修飾)
動詞現在分詞作賓補與不定式作賓補的區別見單詞總結。

G. 初中英語語法題~!有關動詞非謂語,求詳解~!

1 help一般情況下是及物動詞help sb,with sth,要麼就是help (to)do

2 will 後跟動詞原形,不管please,help的用法見上

3 have sth done意思是請別人做某事版,比如去權剪頭發,have hair cut

4 waste (時間)doing sth 固定用法

5 busy doing,do是及物動詞,do housework,不用加with,你可能跟be busy with sth混淆了,一個有動詞,一個直接跟sth

6 enter是及物動詞,所以排除B,參加會議一般就用attend a meeting,AC一般用於活動,游戲之類的

7 首先是stay at hotel,不可以說stay hotel,在旅館休息,排除AB,D的形式是錯的,如果B加個at就對了

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