A. 高考英語復習名詞考點
語法系列復習專題——名詞
名詞的分類
專有名詞:指某人,某地,某機構等專有的名稱,其首字母要大寫。如HongKong,
China,Bill Clinton,Red Cross
個體名詞:表示某類人或東西中的個體,如 student,book
名 普 可數名詞
詞 通 集體名詞:表示若干個體組成的集合體,如:family,school,
group, people
名
詞 不可數名詞 物質名詞:表示無法分為個體的實物,如:cotton,air,tea
抽象名詞:表示抽象概念,如 :work,happiness,news
2.名詞的復數
可數名詞有單、復數形式,其復數的構成規則如下:
1) 絕大多數在詞尾加s。如: book,books;bag,bags;cup,cups;face,faces.
2)以ch,sh,s,x,o結尾的名詞加es。如:
watch,watches;brush,brushes;hero,heroes;class,classes;
下列以o結尾的詞加s構成復數:piano , photo ,radio ,zoo, bamboo ,kilo
3)以輔音字母+y結尾的名詞,將y改為i,再加es。例如:baby,babies;family,families;
以母音字母+y結尾的名詞,直接加s。例如:boy,boys;key,keys
4) 以f或fe結尾的名詞,先將f或fe改為v,再加es構成復數形式,如:leaf,leaves;
wife,wives.但有些以f結尾的名詞,是在f後加s構成復數,常見的有:
roof,chief,belief,gulf等。個別的兩種方式都可以,如: handkerchief,』s,handkerchieves
5)少數名詞的復數形式是不規則的,要一一背記:
man→men; woman→women; Englishman→Englishmen;foot→feet;
tooth→teeth; child→children; mouse→mice
少數名詞的單、復數形式相同,如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish,means(註:
fishes表不同種類的魚)
6)復合名詞:
A.含man或woman的復合名詞,兩部分都變為復數形式。如:two men teachers,
four women doctors
B.將復合名詞中的主體名詞變為復數形式,如:
lookers-on旁觀者,editors-in-chief總編輯, passers-by過路人
C.如果沒有主體名詞,就在詞尾後加s。如:
grown-ups 成年人,go-betweens 中間人
7)以復數形式出現的名詞:trousers,glasses眼鏡,scales天平,savings儲蓄,
findings 調查結果, doings行為,surroundings環境,arms武器,fireworks
煙火,remains殘余,thanks感謝,riches財富,ashes灰燼 ,stairs 樓梯
8)有些名詞在一定的片語中要用復數形式。例如:
take pains下功夫,made preparations作準備,give regards to 問候
2.名詞的所有格
1)名詞的所有格一般用於有生命的名詞。其構成多在詞尾加上「』s」,如:Tom』s bike,
Marx』s works
以s結尾的專有名詞,在詞尾後加「』」或「』s」。如:Engels』/Engels』s works
以s結尾的復數名詞,只在詞尾加「』」。如:students』 homework,a workers』 night
school 一所工人夜校,不以s結尾的復數名詞,仍在詞尾加「』s」。如:men』s clothes
男士衣服 children』s books 兒童讀物
2) 如果一個事物為兩個人共有,只在後一個名詞的詞尾加「』s」,如果不是共有,就要在兩個名詞的詞尾分別加上「』s」。例如:Tom and Mike』s room湯姆和邁克合住的房間 Tom』s and Mike』s rooms湯姆、邁克各自的房間
3) 表示店鋪或某人的家時,常在名詞所有格後省去shop,house等名詞。
如:the tailor』s 裁縫店,the barber』s理發店,go to the doctor』s上診所,
at my uncles在我叔叔家
4) 表示時間、距離、國家、城市等無生命的名詞,可以在詞尾加「』s」或「』」來表示 所有格。如:today』s newspaper,half an hour』s rest,two weeks』 work,ten minutes′walk,China』s population,Shanghai』s instry
5) 表示無生命的名詞一般用of短語表示所有關系。如:
the students of their school, the teachers of Grade 2
6) 表示所屬物的名詞前如果有不定冠詞、數詞、不定代詞,常用「of+所有格」來表示所屬關系。例如:
He is an old friend of my father』s. This is a picture of Mary』s.
考點分析
1. He gained his _______by printing _______of famous writers
A.wealth; work B.wealths; works C.weaths;work D.wealth ;works
析:此題答案D。因為wealth 是不可數名詞故可排除B、C兩個選項;work既可作不
可數名詞表「工作」意,又可作可數名詞表「作品」意,常用復數形式。根據題目意思,此處work應作可數名詞用,於是又可排除A。
2.Many people agree that_______ knowledge of English is a must in ______
international trade today.
A.a; × B.the ; an C.the ;the D.×;the
析:knowledge 是抽象名詞,一般不與不定冠詞連用,但指具體「一門學問」或「一
門學問的掌握了解」可與不定冠詞連用,這可稱之為抽象名詞具體化。類例如:a strong character 堅強的性格;a bright future 光明前途;a waste of time 浪費時間;a pressure on sb.對某人的壓力;have a good time玩得痛快;He is a failure /a success as a leader 他當領導不行/很出色。抽象名詞不與冠詞連用是泛指一般概念、意義。如:what fun! fine weather ;common knowledge 常識;Knowledge begins with practice.foreign trade.因此international trade前不用冠詞。
由以上兩點可確定答案為A。
3.Oh, John _____you gave us !
A.How a great surprise B.How pleasant surprise C.What a pleasant surprise D.What pleasant surprise
析:正確答案為C。「a/an+形容詞+抽象名詞」是抽象名詞具體化的常見形式。又如:
an advanced culture 一種先進文化;a great interest 極大的興趣;do him a good kindness幫了他一個大忙。
4. She broke a _______ while she was washing up .
A.glass wine B.wine glass C.wine』s glass D.glass of wine 析:根據broke一詞及四個選項,可確定空白處應選「酒杯」故可排除A、D;C不是表達「酒杯」的正確形式,只有B才是正確答案。英語中用名詞作定語修飾名詞的情況很多,這些作定語用的名詞可表①分類意義②表時間、地點、稱呼③表目的、手段、原料、來源、所屬等意義。
① 例: woman driver ,telephone number ,school ecation ,research work ,coffee cup ,English teacher ,air pollution
② 例:book store ,winter sleep ,country life ,college student ,South China
③例:milk bottle ,steam boat ,goat skin ,stone wall ,gas station ,lunch room ,tooth brush
5.________terrible weather we』ve been having these days!
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
析:這是一個感嘆句,how修飾形容詞,副詞或動詞,what修飾名詞。weather是不可數名詞,其前不可加不定冠詞a。因此這題正確答案是A。
6.Shortly after the accident ,two _______police were sent to the spot to keep order .
A.dozens of B.dozens C.dozens』 of D.dozen
析: 正確答案是D。dozen, score ,hundred, thousand ,million等名詞前面有數詞或many ,several等詞,且表示具體數目時,這些名詞一般不用復數形式,但在下列短語中卻加S,並與of連用:dozens of (許多的),scores of (好幾十的),hundreds of (成百的),thousands of (上千的),millions of (數百萬的)
7.I』ll look into the matter as soon as possible .Just have a little ______.
A.wait B.time C.patience D.rest
析:由題干第一句意「我會盡快調查那件事」,可知下句是要對方不要著急,故答案應為C。這是由情景,語境確定答案題目。
8.If by any chance someone comes to see me ,ask them to leave a _________.
A.message B.letter C.sentence D.notice
析:答案為A。道理同第7題。
專題練習
1._________from Beijing to London!
A.How long way it is B.What a long way is it C.How long way is it D.What a long way it is
2.We』ve worked out the plan ,and now we must put it into________.
A.fact B.practice C.reality D.deed
3.Electrcity , like other forms of ________ ,has greatly increased in price.
A.pressure B.force C.strength D.energy
4.That fellow is clever ; he has ___________.
A.brain B.a brain C.the brain D.brains
5.Julie went to the ________ to buy a pair of shoes.
A.shoes store B.shoe』s store C.shoe store D.shoes』 store
6.Those ______ took lots of ______ in the Summer Palace.
A.Germen; photoes B.Germen; photos
C.Germans; photos D.Germans; photoes
7.All possible means __________ to save the hero.
A.has tried B.have tried C.has been tried D.have been tried
8.——Whose car is it ?
——It』s________.
A.Tom and Mary B.Tom』s and Mary』s
C.Tom』s and Mary D.Tom and Mary』s
9.There are 5____ in th fields.
A.heads of cattles B.heads of cattle
C.head of cattles D.head of cattle
10.He is the very thief the police ________ looking for .
A.is B.are C.has D.have
11.All but Jack __________ here just now .
A.is B.are C.was D.were
12.He knows almost everything .So we say he is a man of many _________.
A.knowleges B.presents C.gifts D.rewards
13.Carelessness is the usual __________ of fire.
A.way B.excuse C.cause D.reason
14.The girl is quite ________to her mother now .
A.a help B.helps C.help D.helpness
15._______is coming to give us a lecture .
A.A manager and an expert B.A manager and expert
C.Manager and expert D.Manager and an expert
16.Most of the bridges over the river are made of __________.
A.stone B.the stone C.a stone D.the stones
17.If you hurt her _________ ,you should apologize.
A.feelings B.feel C.feels D.feeling
18.I』ll go and call at __________ right after school.
A.the doctor B.the Smiths C.Smith D.my uncle』s
19.The shop will be closed ring_________.
A.repairs B.a repair C.repair D.repairing
20.The¬¬________we saw yesterday come out to the farm once in a while.
A.mouse B.deer C.dog D.cow
21.My brother didn』t find army life to his __________.
A.like B.taste C.quality D.favour
22.Though they hadn』t met for long ,he recognized her ___________.
A.voice B.noise C.sound D.laughter
23.Learning that they were to have a picnic,the children were in _______.
A.the high spirit B.high spirits
C.a high spirit D.high spirit
24.After _______ silence ,they began to write letters to each other .
A.three-year B.a three-year C.three years D.three yearss
25.If these trousers are too big ,buy a smaller__________.
A. B.pair C.piece D.set
26.That daughter of Jack』s is ______.
A.a good fun B.good runs C.good fun D.good funny
27._______will make a trip around the world ring the coming Christmas.(93年上海高考題)
A.The Evenses』 B.The Evens』 C.The Evenses D.The Evens
28.He is one of the most successful_______ in the city.
A.newspaper』s writer B.newspaper writers
C.nesapapers』 writer D.newspaper writer
29.——Where is your brother?
——At_____.
A.Mr Green』s B.Greens C.the Mr Green』s D.the Greens
30.——Are you _______ ,Mr Black?
——Yes ,I speak______.
A.English ; the English language B.the English ; English
C.an Englishman; on English language D.an English ; English
答 案
1-5 D B D D C 6-10 C D D D B
11-15 D C C A B 16-20 A A D A B
21-25 B A B B B 26-30 C C B A A
B. 求高中英語語法知識點總結
以我教語法這么久以來的經驗看,別人給你總結的語法,你學了基本沒用回。語法一定要想辦法自答己總結。總結語法最好的方法,是做單項訓練。比如想了解定語從句,就一口氣做幾百道定語從句的題目。每10道題為一輪,做一次總結。
我舉個例子,你總結了定語從句的5條基本規則,那麼做題的時候如果錯了,就要問自己:這個錯了的題目,是5條里的哪一條?如果不是這10條里的,那麼我就補充進第6條。也就是說,做題的時候,形成自己的「pattern」,所有的題目,都要能歸入你自己的「pattern」。已經在自己pattern里的面的題目,不允許錯。不在自己pattern裡面的題目,就要納入pattern。
這樣總結100題,一個語法點就搞定了。高考大大小小的考點,大約也就是考10個點左右,列舉如下:
詞法:
1,冠詞的用法(主要是類指泛指)
2,代詞的用法
3,定語從句
4,狀語
5,特殊句式:強調句,倒裝句,虛擬語氣
6,名詞性從句:賓語從句,主語從句,表語從句,同位語從句
7,非謂語動詞(大考點:非謂語動詞做定語,做狀語,其他)
每一個知識點建立一個pattern圖,語法就搞定了。搞定語法之後,你的閱讀也會提高很快。
C. 高考英語語法重點知識點歸納 必考知識點有哪些
高中英語語法重點難點的知識歸納 網頁鏈接
D. 高中英語語法知識點重點有哪些啊
高中英語語法知識重點:定語從句,名詞性從句,狀語從句,反意疑問句,名詞與主謂一致,情態動詞,非謂語動詞,虛擬語氣,省略和倒裝。
E. 高考英語重點語法歸納 必考知識點有哪些
Internet is everywhere and it helps people to do a lot of things