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初三英語句子語法

發布時間:2021-01-28 14:43:53

㈠ 初三英語語法

獨立主格結構
獨立主格結構由名詞或代詞加上其他成分(分詞、不定式、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語)構成。
獨立主格結構沒有主語和謂語,所以在語法上不是句子。但多有名詞或代詞表示的邏輯主語,分詞或不定式表示的邏輯謂語,有時還有其他修飾成分。(判斷一個結構是否是句子的標准就是看看這個結構是否有謂語動詞。)這種結構通常在句子中起方式、時間、原因、條件等狀語或狀語從句的作用,主要用於書面語。使用動詞非謂語形式的獨立主格結構可以改為句子形式(從句):獨立主格結構加上連詞,非謂語動詞改為謂語動詞形式,這樣就成為從句了。
例如:
Today being Sunday, the library isn' t open.今天星期天,圖書館不開放。
(原因)改為從句:
As (Since) today is Sunday, the library isn' t open.
例如:
There being no buses,we had to take a taxi. 沒有汽車了,我們只好坐計程車了。
Because there were no buses, we had to take a taxi.
The signal given,the bus started.信號發出後,公共汽車就啟動了。
(時間)改為從句:
After the signal was given, the bus started.
The boy followed that man here,and climbed in,sword in hand.少年跟那個人到這里,並爬了進來,手裡拿著劍。
The boy followed that man here,and climbed in,and had a sword in his hand.
The mid-term examination is over, the end-of-term examination to come two months later.期中考試結束了,兩個月之後進行期末考試.
The mid-term examination is over, and the end-of-term examination is to come two months later.
Weather permitting, we' 11 visit the Great Wall.如果天氣允許的話,我們就去參觀長城。
If weather permits, we' 11 visit the Great Wall.
The boy followed that man here, and climbed in, sword in hand.少年跟那個人到這里,並爬了進來,手裡拿著劍。(伴隨狀語)
上文例句中sword in hand是由「名詞+介詞短語」構成,表示伴隨的情況。這種表示伴隨情的獨立主格結構,有時可以用with引出,二者的意思是一樣的,with結構更加口語話,更加常用。
She left the office with tears in her eyes.她眼裡含著淚水,離開了辦公室。
The teacher walked into the classroom, with a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.老師胳膊底下挾著一把尺子,手裡拿著幾本書,走進了教室。
The teacher walked into the classroom. He was holding a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.
Tian' anmen Square looks magnificent with all the lights on.華燈齊放,天安門廣場顯得美麗動人。
With the boy leading the way, we found his house with no difficulty.由這孩子領路,我們毫不費勁地找到他的家。
With him to give us a lead, our team is bound to turn out well.有他給我們帶頭,我們對一定能搞好。

1、指出下列句子中的獨立主格結構:
1) My work having been finished, I went home.
---My work having been finished
2)The woman sat smiling, surrounded by her flowers, a faraway look in her eyes.
---A faraway look in her eyes
3) My watch having been lost, I didn' t know what time it was.
---My watch having been lost
4) He came into the room, his face red with cold.
--- his face red with cold
5) There an elderly patient was sitting in her wheelchair alone, head bowed, her back to most of the others.
--- Head bowed. her back to mast of the others
6) A man came in, his face hidden by an upturned coat collar and a cap pulled law over his brow.
--- His face hidden by an upturned…….

用獨立主格結構改正下列句子:
1) Being cold, he put on his overcoat.
---It being cold, …
2) Being no bus, we had to walk home.
--- There being no bus, ...
3) Getting colder, same birds are flying away to the south.
--- It getting colder, ...
4) Being ill, Mr. Li taught the lesson in place of Mr. Wang.
--- Mr. Wang being ill, Mr. Li taught..
5) Asia is the largest continent, being about 43 million square kilometer.
---…,its size (area) being about 43….

用獨立主格結構將括弧內的漢語譯成英語填空:
1)Bing Bing entered the room, _____ (手裡拿著一個大蘋果).
---- (with) a big apple in his hand.
2) _____(下課了),the children ran out of the class room.
---The class being over
3) The little girl waited at the bus stop for a long time, _____(鼻子凍得通紅).
---her nose red with cold
4) Here comes the Shanghai train, _____ (從福州來的火車)
---the Fuzhou train to come half an hour later.
5) He was doing his homework._____ (他的父親坐在旁邊)
6) ____(誰也沒有什麼可說的), the meeting was closed.
-----Nobody having any more to say

一致
英語的一致有三種:主謂一致,代詞一致,肯定與否定一致
一、主語與謂語的一致
英語語法要求,主語如果是單數,謂語動詞也要用單數形式;主語若是復數,謂語動詞也要用復數形式
例如:
She likes to eat well.她好吃
We all like good food.我們都喜歡好飯菜。
Everybody was happy with the decision. 人人都對這個決定感到高興。
I am a doctor.我是個醫生。

二、概念一致
1. And連接的兩個或多個單數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用復數形式
His opinion and mine are different他的觀點和我的是不同的。
Bob and Peter are deadly rivals. Bob和peter是死對頭。
What she says and what she does are totally different. 她說的和做的完全不同。
但是如果and連接的是指一個單一概念時,謂語動詞用單數。
Bread and milk has been my breakfast for years. 牛奶麵包多年來一直是我的早餐。
Her lawyer and old friend is going to marry her.她的律師和老朋友要娶她。
All this effort and sacrifice has come to nothing. 所有這些努力和犧牲都白費了。
由and連接的單數主語分別有many a,ever y,each,no修飾時,動詞用單數。
如:During the holidays, every train and every plane was crowded.假期期間每列火車及每架飛機都非常擁擠。
No boy and no girl has the right to refuse ecation. 男孩和女孩都沒有拒絕教育的權利。
Man a man and man a woman was moved b this picture。許多男男女女都被這幅畫感動。
2.如果主語是一個抽象概念(如不定式、動名詞、主語從句等)謂語動詞用單數形式。如果主語是用and連接的兩個或多個抽象概念,謂語動詞用復數形式。
如:Swimming jogging and cycling are all goad farms of sports exercises.游泳、慢跑和騎自行車都是很好的運動形式。
To live to eat is not a very goad attitude toward life. 活著就是為了吃不是好的生活態度。
To live to eat and to eat to live are very different attitudes toward life.
以what,who,why,haw, whether等wh一詞引起的從句做主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數;由and連接的兩個主句如果指兩件事,動詞用復數。
例如:What he is doing is not clear yet他在干什麼還不清楚
What he is doing and whether I know him are two different things.他在干什麼和我是否認識他是兩件不同的事。
What she told me is none of your business. 她和我說的什麼用不著你管。
What she told me and what she told you are totally different things.
以what從句為主語的「主一系一表SVC"句型中,如果主句的表語是復數,主句謂語動詞用復數形式;what從句本身是復數意義,主句謂語動詞也可用復數。
如:What I need buy now are four tea cups and a pair of sports shoes.
我需要買的是四隻茶杯和一雙運動鞋。
What were thought to be five dogs were actually five sheep.
被認為是五條狗的東西實際上是五隻羊。
3.集體名詞family,class,crew(全體船員或機組人員),crowd, group, committee, audience, government, public, team, staff, population等做主語時,若作為一個整體看待,後面謂語動詞用單數; 如就其中每一個成員來考慮時,則用復數。
例如: My family is a big one.我家人多。
My family are all music lovers. 我全家人都愛好音樂。
Eighty percent of China' s population are peasants. 百分之八十的中國人口是農民。
China has a huge population. 中國有眾多的人口。
The population of China is the largest in the world. 中國的人口是世界上最多的。
People, police, cattle,(牛),militia(民兵),poultry(家禽),vermin(害出)等作主語時,後面的動詞要用復數。
如:There were many people waiting outside. 有許多人在外面等著。
The police are searching far the murderer. 警察在搜捕兇手。
The cattle are grazing in the fields. 一群牛在田野里吃草。
Foliage(樹葉),machinery(機械),equipment(設備) ,furniture(傢具),merchandise(商品)等通常做不可數名詞,動詞用單數,
如:The merchandise has arrived undamaged滴品已經到達,毫無損壞。
All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 本工廠里的所有機械都是中國製造的,
4.不定代詞either,neither,ever y,each,one,the other, another以及所有的復合不定代詞作主語時,謂語動詞只用單數,包括「every/each/no……and every/each/no……」作主語時。
如:Every/Each plane and every/each pilot is ready to take off.
每架飛機和每個飛行員都已准備好起飛。
No plane and no pilot is ready to take off.
沒有一架飛機、沒有一個飛行員已准備好起飛。
Here are two books. Either of them is worth reading.
這有兩本書,都值得一讀。
Neither of these two dictionaries contains this ward.
這兩本詞典都沒收入這個字
Everyone is here. No one is absent. 大家都到了,沒有人缺席。
Somebody is using the phone. 有人在用電話。
I have two sisters. One is here, and the other is not here.
我有兩個姐妹,一個在這兒,一個不在這兒。
Each day is better than the one before. 一天比一天好。
Either day is OK. 兩天中哪一天都行。
5. what,who,which,any,mare,some,half,mast,all,none.等代詞可以是單數,也可以是復數,主要靠意思決定。但指不可數名詞時作單數看待。
例如:Which is your book? Which are your books?
Here' s same mare (coffee). Here' re same more (tomatoes).
None of the books are/is easy enough for us.
Most of Most of
All of All of
Some of The money was stolen Some of The member was there.
Half of Half of
None of None of
Two thirds of Two third of
由Many a或mare than one所修飾的詞做主語時,意義上雖然是復數,但謂語動詞用單數形式。none在代表不可數的東西時總是看作單數.
如:Many a person is far his plan. 很多人贊成他的計劃。
Mare than one people is against his plan. 不止一個人反對他的計劃。
6.表示時間、重量、長度、價值等的單位名詞,盡管是復數形式,如果作整體看待,動詞都用單數形式。如果看作組成該數量的一個一個的個體,則動詞用復數。
如:Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 走二十英里可是很長的一段路。
Ten years is a long time。十年很長。
Eight minutes is enough. 八分鍾夠了。
Twelve dollars is too dear. 十二美圓太貴了。
There are six silver dollars in each of the stacking. 每隻襪子里有六個一美元的銀幣。
7. 「the+形容詞」表示一類人時,謂語動詞用復數。表示抽象概念或指個別事物時謂語動詞用單數。
如:The old are well taken care of. 老人得到很好的照顧。
The beautiful is laved by all. 人人都愛美,
The difficulty we do at once. The impassible takes a little loner.
困難的事情我們馬上做。不可能的事情需要稍微長一點的時間。
還有the unknown(未知的事物),the unexpected(出乎意料的事),等等。
8. 如果主語由"a kind/sort/type of this kind/sort/type of +名詞」組成,不管名詞是單數還是復數,動詞通常用單數。
如:This kind of man annoys me. =This kind of men annoys me. 這種人讓我煩。
This kind of apple is very expensive. = This kind of apples is…這種蘋果很貴。
類似的還有:a portion of(一部分),a series of(一系列),a pile of(一堆),a panel of (一個小組委員會),
如:A series of accidents has happened here. 這里發生過一系列事故。
9. Means作「方法、手段」講時,單復數同形,其前面有each, every, neither, either,等單數a念的定語時,謂語動詞用單數;若有all, both,these等復數概念的定語時謂語動詞用復數。
「None of the means」作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數。
如:There is/are no means of learning what is happening. 沒法知道正在發生什麼事。
No means is /are left untried. 沒有沒試過的方法了。
Every means is to an end. 每一種手段都能達到一種目的。
A bicycle is a means of transport. 自行車是一種交通手段。
All possible means have/Every possible means has been tried.所有的方法都試過了。
三、就近一致
1.當主語由either...... or. neither...... nor , not only ...... but(also) 或or連接時,謂語動詞通常和最臨近的那個主語一致。
例如:Either you or he is to do the work. 不是你就是他來做這件事。
Not only you but also Tom often comes late to class. 不光是你,湯姆上課也遲到。
Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
孩子們和老師都不知道這件事。
2.當there be結構後面有並列主語時,謂語也和最臨近的那個一致。
如:There is a dictionary and many books on the table.
桌子上有一本詞典和許多本書。
There' re ten chairs and a table in the house.
屋子裡有十把椅子和一張桌子。
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and same paper far you.
這兒有一支筆,幾個信封和一些紙給你。
這種就近一致的情況在非正式文體中越來越普遍。但在下列情況不提倡模訪。
如:Where is your mother and sisters?
你媽媽和你姐妹到哪兒去了?
Is your sister and her husband coming to see you?
你姐姐和姐夫要來看你嗎?
One in ten are expected to take part in the contest.
預計每十個人就有一個要來參加這次比賽。
3.做主語的名詞或代詞後接with,together with,along with,as well as等短語時,謂語動詞一般和前面名詞或代詞一致。這些短語前後可用可不用逗號。
如:A woman with a baby is coming to the hospital
一個婦女抱著個嬰兒正向醫院走來。
The girl, as well as the bays , has learned to drive a car.
這個姑娘和那些那孩子一樣也學會了開汽車。

二、代詞一致
代詞一致是指句子中代詞應在數、性、人稱等方面彼此保持一致,
如:One must do one' s best to increase proction.
Everybody talked at the tap of his/their voice.
If anyone calls, tell him I' 11 be back in a moment. (him也可用him or her代替)
寫作中,如果表示不定的人,可以用you, we, one等,需要注意的是:同一篇文章中,只用同一個不定代詞,而且所有格要與其一致。

三、肯定與否定一致
下列形容詞、副詞、代詞從肯定句變成否定句時,須作相應的變化:
肯定句 否定句
We've had some money. We haven't had any money.
I was talking to someone I wasn't talking to anyone.
They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never, seldom) visit us.
He has arrived already. He hasn't arrived yet.
Li is coming too. Li isn't coming either.
Both of us are going. Neither of us are going.
He likes both of them. He doesn't like either of them.
注意:「so/neither+助動詞/情態動詞+名詞/代詞」結構中須用倒裝語序,
如:My wife likes classical music very much and so do.
She doesn' t like jazz and neither do.

㈡ 初中三年學過的英語句型 /語法.

呵呵 希望對你有所幫助 祝樓主進步哈
1. 形容詞的用法:
形容詞用以修飾名詞,表示人或事物的特徵。在句中可以作定語、表語,用於限定被修飾語的特徵,如長短、大小、重量、顏色、高矮、胖瘦、新舊等,。
The little girl is very pretty. 這個小女孩很好看。
--I want that one. 我想要那個。
--Which one? 哪一個?
--The new blue one. 那個藍色新的。
Can I have a look at the big nice one? 我能看一看那個大的漂亮的嗎?
2、人稱代詞:
是用來表示人的代詞,有單數和負數之分,有主格和賓格之分。人稱代詞的主格在句中作主語;人稱代詞的賓格在句中作賓語,是作動詞或介詞的賓語。
主格:I, we, you, he, she, it, they在句子中作主語
賓格:me, us, you, him, her, it, them在句子中作賓語
He and I are in the same class. 我和他在同一個班級。
Can you see them in the street? 你能看見他們在街上嗎?
3、可數名詞和不可數名詞
英語中名詞分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。凡是可數計數的名詞叫做可數名詞;凡是不可以計數的名詞叫做不可數名詞。
(1)可數名詞分為單數和復數兩種形式。可數名詞前可以用不定冠詞、數詞或some many等修飾。如:a man a desk an apple an orange some books some children tow pens
(2)不可數名詞沒有復數形式,前面不能用不定冠詞、數詞或many等詞語修飾,但可以用some a little much等詞語來修飾。有時可以與一些量詞短語搭配,這些量詞短語中的名詞一般是可數的,有單數形式,也可以有復數形式。如:some water a little milk much food a piece of bread tow bottles of ink some glasses of water
4、祈使句
祈使句用來表示請求、命令等,句中沒有主語,肯定形式由謂語或者謂語+賓語(+賓語補足語)構成,否定形式則在句前加Don』t.
Stand up, please. 請起立。
Don』t worry. 別擔心。
can的用法:
can是情態動詞,表示「能,會,可以,被允許等」,其後接動詞原形,否定形式為cannot,可縮寫為can』t.
She can speak Japanese. 她會講日語。
I can』t remember his name. 我不記得他的名字了。
Can you spell your name? 你會拼寫你的名字嗎?
5、現在進行時態:
概念:表示現在(說話瞬間)正在進行或發生的動作,也可以表示目前一段時間內或現階段正在進行的活動。
結構:由be動詞(am, is, are) + 動詞ing構成,其中be動詞要與主語保持性數一致。
Mary is flying a kite in the park. 瑪麗正在公園里放風箏。
--What are you doing now? 你現在在干什麼?
--I』m reading English. 我正在讀英語。
Are they drawing the pictures now? 他們正在畫畫嗎?

動詞現在分詞是動詞原形變化而來的,規則變化如下:
動詞ing形式叫動詞現在分詞,其構成如下:
1) 直接在動詞後加ing
play—playing, do—doing, talk—talking, sing--singing
2) 以不發音的字母e結尾的動詞,先去e,再加ing
make—making, write—writing, have—having, take—taking
3) 以重讀閉音節結尾的動詞且詞尾只有一個輔音字母,應雙寫這個輔音字母,再加ing
run—running, stop—stopping, put—putting, swim—swimming
注意對現在進行時態的判斷。判斷一個英語句子用什麼時態,主要看句子的時間狀語,一般說來,每種時態都有與之相對應的時間狀語。現在進行時表示現在(說話瞬間)正在進行或發生的動作。因此,這個時態最常用的時間狀語是now;但有不少句子並沒有now,只能通過提示語如look、listen等或者通過上下文來確定用現在進行時。
She is cleaning her room now. 她正在打掃房間。
Look! The girl is dancing over there. 看!那個女孩在那裡跳舞。
--Can you go and play games with me? 你能和我們一起做游戲嗎?
--Can』t you see I am doing my homework? 你沒看見我正在做作業嗎?
6、have/ has的用法:
1) 謂語動詞have表示「有」,有兩種形式:have和has,前者用於第一人稱(I, we),第二人稱(you)和第三人稱復數(they),後者用於第三人稱單數(he, she, it)或單數名詞。
I have an apple and he has two bananas. 我有一個蘋果,他有兩個香蕉。
You have a new English teacher. 你們有了一個新的英語老師。
It has two big eyes. 它有一雙大眼睛。
Julie and Jack have a nice car. 朱莉和傑克有一輛好看的車。
2) have/has句型與there be句型的比較:兩者都表示「有」,但用法不同。前者表示所屬關系,即表示「某人或某物有什麼」,而後者表示存在,表示「某地有什麼」。
They have some new books. 他們有一些新書。
There are some new books on their desks. 他們桌子上有一些新書。
She has a lot of pretty skirts. 她有很多漂亮的裙子。
There are a lot of pretty skirts in the shop. 商店裡有很多漂亮的裙子。
3) have/ has的否定句,一般要加助動詞do/ does,再加not構成,即do not have (don』t have)/ does not have (doesn』t have)
. She does not have a sister. 她沒有姐姐。
We don』t have any classes on Saturday. 我們星期六沒有課。
Ann and I don』t have a big room. 我和安沒有一個大房間。
4) 一般疑問句由「助動詞Do/ Does + 主語 + have + 賓語」構成,回答用Yes, … do/ does.或者No, … don』t/ doesn』t.
--Do you have a big house? 他們的房子大嗎?
--No, they don』t. 不,他們的房子不大。
--Does he have an eraser? 他有橡皮嗎?
--Yes, he does. 他有的。
5) 特殊疑問句由特殊疑問詞 + 助動詞do/ does + have (+狀語)構成。
What do they have? 他們有什麼?
What does he have? 他有什麼?
How many telephones do they have? 他們有幾部電話?
7、介詞用法:
1) 具體時間前介詞用at。
. He gets up at half past seven every day. 他每天七點半起床。
She goes to bed at eleven o』clock. 她十一點睡覺。
2) 表示「在早上,在下午,在晚上」的短語中用介詞in,且定冠詞the不能省略;表示「在中午,在夜裡」的短語中介詞用at,不加冠詞。
in the morning在早上,in the afternoon 在下午,in the evening 在晚上
at noon在中午,at night在夜裡
3) 表示「在某天」、「在某天的上午、下午等」的短語用介詞on。
What do you usually do on Monday morning? 星期一上午你通常做什麼?
Do you sometimes go out to eat on Friday evening? 有時你星期五晚上出去吃飯嗎?
He watches DVDs on Saturday night. 星期六晚上他看DVD。
Parents take children to parks on June 1. 六月一日,家長們帶著孩子去公園。
4) 在this, last, next, every等詞前面既不加介詞,也不用冠詞。
What are you doing this afternoon? 今天下午你做什麼?
He visits his grandma every Friday. 他每個星期五都去看望祖母。
She is going to Shanghai next Monday. 她下個星期一去上海。
8、一般現在時
一般現在時表示經常性或習慣性的動作,或表示現在的特徵或狀態。
其動詞形式是:動詞原形(只有第三人稱單數作主語時除外,要加-s)其疑問句和否定句需要用助動詞do或does
1) 肯定句用行為動詞原形表示
They get up very early every morning. 他們每天早晨起來很早。
I visit my grandparents four times a month. 我一個月去看望祖父母四次。
2) 否定句用don』t + 動詞原形來表示
We do not go shopping on Sundays. 我們周日不去購物。
I don』t think you like this colour. 我想你不喜歡這個顏色。
3) 一般疑問句則是把助動詞do提前至句首,後面動詞用原形。回答時,肯定用 「Yes, 主語+do」;否定句用 「No, 主語+don』t」。
–Do they go to school at seven o』clock? 他們七點去上學嗎?
--Yes, they do.
--Do you like this skirt? 你喜歡這條裙子嗎?
--No, I don』t. 不,我不喜歡。
一般現在時用來表示經常的或習慣性的動作,常與以下的時間狀語連用:often 經常,always 總是,sometimes 有時,usually 通常,every day/ week 每天/ 周等。
He usually goes to school by bike. 通常他騎車上學。
I visit my grandparents every week. 我每個星期都去看祖父母。
She is always late for class. 她總是上課遲到。
My parents and I sometimes go out to eat. 我和父母有時出去吃飯。
It often rains here. 這兒常常下雨。
主語為第三人稱單數時的一般現在時
一般現在時態,當主語為第三人稱單數時,謂語動詞也要是第三人稱單數,後要加-s或-es。
He likes reading at night. 他喜歡夜裡讀書。
She usually goes to school by bike. 她平時騎車上學。
The little cat drinks milk every day. 小貓每天都喝牛奶。
轉換成否定句要加doesn』t,其後的動詞用原形。
Kelly doesn』t get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. 凱麗星期六星期天起床不早。
He doesn』t feel well today. 他今天感覺不舒服。
轉換成一般疑問句,句首用Does,其後的動詞用原形。
Does he have lunch at school? 他在學校吃午飯嗎?
Does it take long by train? 乘火車要很長時間嗎?

㈢ 初三英語語法有哪些

你指的是只初三,還是初中三年的。
沒想語法,要講清楚,都不易,只初三的也不容易了。

㈣ 初三英語語法總結~~~~

句子成分:主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、賓語補足語和狀語
1、主語:
(1)由名詞、代詞(人稱代詞用主格)、動詞不定式、動名詞等充當,說明動作是「誰」發出的,主語是句子陳述的對象,說明是誰或什麼,表示句子說的是「什麼人」,或」什麼事「,如「我寫字」中的「我」,做出寫字這個動作。「寫」則是謂語,「字」是賓語,是接受謂語「寫」這個動作的對象,因此是賓語。如:The painter painted a very nice picture. (畫家畫了一幅漂亮的畫。) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他們勇敢地與非典搏鬥。) / To see is to believe. (耳聽為虛眼見為實). / Helping animals is to help people. (幫助動物就是幫助人類。)
(2)動詞不定式或動名詞做主語時可用it代替,而不定式或動名詞移至表語或賓語之後。如:It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat ring the long journey. (在長途旅行中能有個甲等座位簡直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多對你的身體不利。)(比較好看,避免頭重腳輕)
(3)口語中常見主語或「主--系」省略:(It is) nothing. ((那)沒有什麼。)/ (It) doesn』t matter. ((那)沒有關系。) / (I) thank you. ((我)謝謝你。)
(4)反意問句的附加問句,主語必須是代詞:The man looks worried, doesn』t he? (這個人看上去很著急不是嗎?) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren』t they? (老虎是危險的動物不是嗎?)
(5)祈使句一般省略主語。加主語時往往用來指定某個人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子們請保持鍵盤的清潔。) (省略了主語) / You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去給我弄一杯水來。)
(6)主語一般在句首,但在問句中會處於第二位和句尾;倒裝句及there be句型主語在動詞之後。如:Computers are made in this factory. (計算機生產於這家工廠。) / Where are they? (他們在哪兒?) / Does the boy like staying home? (這個男孩喜歡呆在家裡嗎?)
(7)主語與謂語必須保持單、復數的一致, 而謂語與表語或賓語之間沒有這一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都沒有通過考試。) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. (中華民族是一個勤勞勇敢的民族。)
(8)主語可以由從句充當,詳見「主語從句」。

2、謂語:是對主語動作或狀態的陳述或說明,指出「做什麼」,「是什麼」或「怎麼樣」,在主語後接賓語,又稱受詞,是一個動作的接受者。
(1)由「不及物動詞」、「及物動詞+賓語」或「系動詞+表語」等構成,說明主語所表示的人物「干什麼」或「怎麼樣」。如:
He travelled in space for the first time .(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this year?(今年誰教你們的英語?) / The pizza has gone bad. (那塊烤餡餅已經變壞。) /
(2)謂語動詞必須反映出人稱、單復數、時態等信息,謂語動詞往往由下列詞語依序排列構成:[情態動詞]+[時態助動詞](現在完成時)+[語態助動詞](如被動語態)+[主要動詞](不一定全部出現)。(見動詞的時態和語態構成表)記住:謂語部分第一個動詞往往是變形動詞。如:
I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. (對不起我發出了太大的聲音但是只能這樣。) / He can』t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能讀完了那本長達800頁的小說。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (該採取措施防止禽流感蔓延。)
(3)謂語動詞切忌用「行為動詞1 + 原形動詞」、「be + 原形動詞」。
記住使用下列正確形式:
①情態動詞+原形動詞。如:You』d better go over the lesson.(你最好復習這一課。)
②shall/ will/ would+原形動詞。如:They should have been there once.(他們應該去過那兒。)
③be+現在分詞或者過去分詞。如:What are you doing this evening?(今晚你打算做什麼?)---表示一般將來時/ Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.(自從20世紀70年代大批樹木被砍伐。)
④have+過去分詞。如:Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.(意思同上)
⑤一般時問句和否定句中:do/does/did+原形動詞。如:He does not enjoy himself very much.(他日子過的不好。)/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?(你們當中有誰見過恐龍蛋嗎?)
⑥行為動詞1+行為動詞2 (不定式、動名詞、現在分詞、過去分詞等形式)。如:He made up his mind to be a vet.(他拿定主意要做個獸醫。)/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.(自尊自愛是享受生活的根本。)/ They wake up the other family members, calling,「Merry Christmas!」(他們叫醒家庭的其他成員,呼喊著:聖誕快樂!)/ The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.(古代的埃及國王讓人給他們自己修建堅固的墳墓。)
(4)不可用形容詞、名詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語等獨立作謂語,必須在此之前加連系動詞。
(5)謂語動詞單復數形式:單數形式的動詞有:is,was,has,does以及「動詞+s」;復數形式的動詞有:are,were,have以及動詞原形。其他動詞不分單、復數。
謂語部分第一個動詞的形式 單數形式 復數形式
一般現在時be(是)動詞;
現在某些時態和語態的助動詞be am (單一); are (單二); is (單三); are
一般過去時be(是)動詞;
過去某些時態和語態的助動詞be was (單一); were (單二); was;(單三) were
一般現在時have(有)動詞;
現在完成時態的助動詞have have (單一); have (單二); has (單三); have
一般現在時行為動詞和助動詞do do (單一、單二); does (單三) do
實意動詞和連系動詞的一般現在時動詞(否定和疑問句除外) 原形動詞(單一、單二); 動詞+s /es (單三) 原形動詞
其他各時態語態的謂語動詞 單復數形式相同
記住:主語、謂語單復數必須保持一致。(參見「4、名詞或代詞作主語時和謂語之間的單復數的一致問題:」) Air and water is necessary to us all.(空氣和水對於我們大家是必不可少的。)
(6)一般問句和反意問句的回答不使用行為動詞,應該使用「是」動詞、情態動詞、助動詞(be,will,have,do以及變形)。如:The Olympic Games is held every other year, isn』t it? ----Yes, it is.(奧運會每兩年舉辦一次,是嗎?----是的。)
3、賓語:又稱受詞,是指一個動作(動詞)的接受者。賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語兩大類,其中直接賓語(經常指被做的人)指動作的直接對象,間接賓語說明動作的非直接,但受動作影響的對象。一般而言,及物動詞後面最少要有一個賓語,而該賓語通常為直接賓語,有些及物動詞要求兩個賓語,則這兩個賓語通常一個為直接賓語,另一個為間接賓語。
(1) 由名詞、代詞(人稱代詞要用賓格)、不定式、動名詞、(賓語)從句充當,表示動作的承受者是「誰」或者是「何物」。如: The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.(那個天使同樣來到約瑟夫面前並且告訴他同樣的事情。)(代詞和名詞充當兩個賓語) / He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告訴我說公司付不起他那麼多的錢。) (不定式作賓語) / They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons. (他們如此喜愛看足球以至於常常忘記了他們的功課。) (動名詞作賓語) / I think to be a children』s doctor is very rewarding.(我認為當個兒童醫生是很值得的。) (從句作賓語)
(2) 只有及物動詞或介詞才有賓語,不及物動詞沒有賓語,如果涉及到事物,則必須在不及物動詞後面加合適的介詞。Listen to the radio. (listen不是及物動詞,故加to。) / Can you hear anything exciting?(你能聽到什麼令人興奮的消息嗎?)
(3) 賓語一般放在及物動詞或介詞的後面,但是在疑問句中,如果賓語是疑問詞,則賓語要放在句首。介詞的賓語如果是疑問詞,則可以放在介詞後或句首。如:What did he see? (他看見了什麼?) / What does he write a letter with? (他用什麼寫的信?) / With what does he write a letter? (他用什麼寫的信?)
(4)「動詞+副詞+賓語」結構中,如果賓語是代詞,則代詞必須放在「動」「副」之間。如:Please put the shoes away. (請把鞋子收起來。) / Please put away the shoes. (請把鞋子收起來。) / Please put them away. (請把它們收起來。)
(5) 動詞後面跟雙賓語時可以採用兩種結構:
①動詞+間接賓語(人)+直接賓語(物)。如:He often gives me some help. (他常常幫我。)
②動詞+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語。注意,一般情況介詞用to,但動詞是make, buy, borrow時,介詞用for.如: Please make me a kite. (請給我做個風箏。)或Please make a kite for me.
(6) 在「動詞+賓語+賓補」結構中,如果賓語是不定式、動名詞、賓語從句,則常用it做形式賓語,而將實際的賓語移到補語後面去。如:I found the job rather difficult. (我發覺這個工作相當難做。) / I found it rather difficult to do the job.
(7) 賓語可以由從句充當,詳見「賓語從句」。

4、表語:
(1) 說明主語的身份、性質、狀況等含義的成分,通常由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、代詞等充當。如:He became a doctor after he left high school.(高中畢業他當上了醫生。) / The rubber wheels are over there.(橡膠輪子在那邊。) / He does not feel like eating anything today because he has caught a bad cold.(他今天不想吃任何東西因為他得了重感冒。) / Who is it?(誰呀?)
(2) 表語只能放在連系動詞(如:be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem) 之後,對表語進行提問的句子除外。
(3) 代詞做表語一般用主格,口語中常用賓。如:It』s I. (It』s me.)是我。
(4) 只能作表語的形容詞有:sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等。He was terribly sorry for his carelessness.(他很為他的粗心而歉疚。) / Please make no noise here; the baby is asleep.(請不要發出響動,嬰兒正熟睡呢。) / I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是對獨坐孤舟無所事事感興趣。) / I am not alone in thinking so.(並非只有我才這樣想的。)
(5) 表語也可以由從句充當,詳見「表語從句」。

5、定語:
(1) 修飾名詞或代詞的成分,常由形容詞、名詞(含所有格)、代詞(物主、指示、疑問、不定)、介詞短語、不定式(短語)充當,在初三階段還學習了定語從句做定語的知識。如:Put it in the top drawer.(把它放在最上層的抽屜里。) / France and Switzerland are European countries. (法國和瑞士是歐洲國家。) / His mother and father are both college teachers.(他的父母都是大學教師。) / This is the day that I can never forget in my life.(這是我一輩子難忘的日子。)
(2) 單詞做定語時一般放在被修飾的名詞前面,而且有一定的次序:
冠詞/
物代 年齡/形狀/
大小/溫度 色彩 來源 質地/
材料 目的/
用途 被修飾的名詞(中心詞)
a
the
my
his
… old,young,… red,
yellow,
blue,
… Chinese,
English,
American,
… wooden,
woolen,
glass,
silk,
paper
… meeting,
tennis,
sports,
reading,
swimming,
… box,
shoes,
room,
pig

long,short,
round, square…
big, large,
small, little…
hot, cold,
warm, cool…
(3) 時間副詞(now,then,today,yesterday,...)、地點副詞(here,there,back,in,out,home,...作定語時放在被修飾的名詞後面。如:I could not find my way out, so I stayed there all along. (我找不到出去的路,所以就一直呆在那兒。)
(4) 介詞短語修飾名詞時只能放在名詞的後面:The monkey in the cage was caught yesterday. (籠子里的猴子是昨天逮著的。)
(5) 形容詞修飾復合不定代詞時,往往後置。如:He remembered everything unusual. (他記得所有不尋常的事情。)
(6) 定語還可以用從句充當,詳見 定語從句。
(7) 注意:由於定語屬於修飾性的成分,因此它常歸入主語、賓語、表語之中,不作為句子的主要成分。

6、狀語:
(1) 說明動作「何時」、「何地」、「如何」發生,或者說明形容詞或副詞的程度,一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式、狀語從句等充當。如:I was not born yesterday.(我又不是昨天才出世的娃娃。)/ For many of these families a college ecation was something new.(對其中的許多家庭來說,大學教育是件新事物。)/ He woke up to find his house on fire.(他醒來發現房子著火了。) / You cannot leave until your work is finished.(在你的工作被完成以前你不能離開)
(2) 副詞作狀語位置較為靈活,詳見《六•2》「副詞在句子中的位置以及作用」;介詞短語作狀語,位置基本固定,詳見《七•4》「介詞短語在句子中的位置」;不定式作狀語,一般表示目的、結果,詳見《八•7》「動詞的非謂語形式」;從句作狀語,詳見《主從復合句》的「狀語從句」。
(3) 多個狀語相連時,一般先單詞、後短語,先地點、後時間,先小概念、後大概念。如:He went ouf of the room at a quarter to 23:00 last night and then disappeared into the dark.(他昨夜22點3刻從房間里出來,然後消失在黑暗之中。) /
(4) 狀語還可以用從句來充當,有時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結果狀語從句、比較狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、條件狀語從句等。詳見「狀語從句」。
(5) 注意:由於狀語屬於修飾性的成分,常歸入謂語,因此不作為句子的主要成分。

7、賓語補足語:
(1) 補充說明賓語的動作、狀態的成分為賓語補足語,常由名詞、形容詞、動詞非謂語形式(不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞等)、介詞短語等充當。如:Call him Jim, please. (請叫他Jim。) / I tried my best to make him happy. (我竭盡所能讓他開心。) / Ask her to come to dinner tomorrow. (請他明天來。) / He let the smaller animals bring food to him. (他讓小動物們給他帶食物來。)
(2) 部分表示位置、方向的副詞也可以作賓語補足語。如:Let him in, I tell you! (我跟你說,讓他進來!)/ Please put it away. (請把它收起來。)
(3) 不定式或分詞作賓語補足語的情況 (略)

㈤ 九年級英語的一些句型和語法

什麼版本的?推薦魏訓剛的
中考語法完全突破,裡面初中階段的都有了。

㈥ (初三)關於英語句子翻譯的語法問題

我用序號代表句子來說吧。①沒問題,thought 跟it's不矛盾,i thought that 後面可以是個句子。這樣寫就對了。②say 改為speak(speak English 屬於固定用法)③there 後面加are ④be control of 改為control就可以了,沒有這種用法。⑤what加上去顯得有點奇怪,可以去掉,去掉後句子還是正確,更為通順。後面兩句語法沒錯。

㈦ 初三英語句子,要求語法准確無誤,急急急

如圖有啥不懂就追問。同初三

㈧ 求初三英語的所有語法,句型。

冠詞講解
冠詞是一種虛詞,放在名詞的前面,對名詞進行限定。冠詞與名詞的關系密不可分,就好像「魚兒離不開水」一樣。冠詞分為不定冠詞、定冠詞兩種,它們在英語中使用率極高,也是歷年來中考的考查重點。
冠詞分為不定冠詞a / an和定冠詞the,在具體使用時可分為用不定冠詞、定冠詞和不用冠詞三種情況。它的基本用法我們可以用以下口訣來記憶:
泛指用a/ an,單數可數;特指用the,不特不the。
【注】(1)泛指用a / an,單數可數——泛指的可數名詞單數前要用a / an。如:I want an apple.
(2)特指用the——如果是特指,那麼無論是可數名詞單數、復數或不可數名詞前均要用the。如:The pencil is mine. / I don』t like the pencils on the desk.
(3)不特不the——不特指則不用the,包括泛指的可數名詞單數前用a / an,泛指的可數名詞復數前不用冠詞,泛指的不可數名詞前也不用冠詞三種情況。如:I like monkeys. / I don』t like bread.

一、不定冠詞的基本用法
1. 第一次提到的人或事物:
I bought _____________(一輛自行車)yesterday.
There is _____________(一塊橡皮)on the desk.
2. 表示有某人或某物,但不具體說明是何人或何物:
_____________(一個學生)is looking for you.
3. 表示一類人或事物中的任何一個:
_____________(火車)is faster than _____________(汽車).
_____________(大象)is stronger than _____________(馬).
4. 雖然有「一」的含義,但不強調數量:
I have _____________(一個姐姐). Her name is Lily.
5. 用於表示時間、長度、價格等的單位名詞前,表「每一」,相當於every:
You should take this medicine _____________________(一天三次).
The apples are three yuan _____________(每公斤).
6. 習慣用法:
a few___________, a little___________, a lot of___________, a number of_____________,
have a rest_____________, take / have a look_____________, make a face_____________,
in a hurry_____________, for a while_____________ …

記憶口訣
不定冠詞a或an,表「一」但不強調「一」;人或事物首次提,單位名詞前「每一」;
表示有人、有某物,何人何物不具體;強調類別任一個,習慣用法記心裡。

二、a和an用法巧記
1. a用於輔音音素開頭的單數可數名詞前,an用於母音音素開頭的單數可數名詞前。注意:要看讀音是母音開頭還是輔音開頭,而不是根據字母。如_______________(一個小時),_______________(一把雨傘)等。
如果名詞前有修飾語,那麼用a還是an取決於該修飾語的第一個音素是輔音還是母音。如:___________________(一本有用的書),___________________(一個誠實的男孩),
___________________(一個不高興的女孩),__________________(一個不尋常的故事)等。
2. a, e, i, o, 這四個母音字母,以及f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x這八個輔音字母單獨使用時,因其發音均以母音開頭,所以要用an。我們可以用一句話來概括前面用an的所有字母,Mr. Li has one fox.(李先生有一隻狐狸。)舉例如下:
This time I got ___________(一個A)in my homework.
There is ___________(一個n)in the word 「lend」.
I bought ___________(a / an)MP5 yesterday.
3. 用8, 11, 18, 80, 800等阿拉伯數字組成的短語前要用an,其他用a。如:
That is an eight-meter-wide bridge.
He is only an 11-year-old boy.
I had a talk with an 80-year-old man on the street yesterday.

三、定冠詞的基本用法
1. 用在「特指」談話雙方都知道的某個人或某些人或物前。如:
Where is ______________?老師在哪裡?
2. 用在上文已提到的人或事物前。如:
I can see a cat. ______________ is Lucy』s. 我能看見一隻貓,那隻貓是露茜的。
3. 用在世界上獨一無二的事物前。如:
______________ goes around ______________. 地球圍繞著太陽轉。
4. 用在序數詞或形容詞最高級前。如:
He is always ______________ to get to school. 他總是第一個到校。
Mike is ______________ of the three boys. 邁克是三個男孩中最高的一個。
5. 用在由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前。如:
the Great Wall(長城) the People』s Park(人民公園 )
6. 用在一些習慣用語中或樂器名詞前。如:
in the day(在白天) play the piano(彈鋼琴)

記憶口訣
特指雙熟悉,上文已提及,世上獨一無二,序數最高級,某些專有名,習語及樂器。

四、零冠詞的用法
1. 名詞前已有作定語用的this, that, these, those, my, your, his, her, our, their, some等限定詞時,不用冠詞。如:this eraser, her pencil-box, some boxes, those women等。
2. 泛指的不可數名詞前一般不用冠詞。如:meat, rice, water, bread, tea, milk, juice等。
3. 復數名詞表示泛指時,不用冠詞。如:The people in the room are doctors. 房間里的那些人是醫生。
4. 在表示學科的名詞前一般不用冠詞。如:Chinese, English, maths, physics, history等。5. 在三餐飯和球類運動名詞前一般不加冠詞。如:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper, play basketball / football等。
6. 在季節、節日、星期、月份前不用冠詞。如:autumn, summer, winter, spring, Teachers』 Day, Children』s Day, Sunday, February等。
7. 在表顏色、語種和國家名詞前不用冠詞。如:white, brown, French, Australia等。
8. 在表示稱呼語的名詞之前,以及職務、頭銜的名詞前不用冠詞。如:
Doctor Green is a scientist. 格林博士是位科學家。
記憶口訣
代詞限定名詞前,專有名詞不可數,復數名詞表泛指,
學科球類三餐飯,季節星期月份前,顏色語種和國名,稱呼習語及頭銜。

五、有無定冠詞意思迥異
英語中有些名詞,如bed, class, hospital, school, church等,當不強調這次詞所表示的場所,只強調它們的專門作用時,前面不帶定冠詞;否則要加定冠詞。如:
1. at table在進餐 at the table在桌旁
2. at desk做讀書或做作業 at the desk在書桌旁
3. at school在上學,在求學(是學生) at the school在學校里(不一定是學生)
4. at sea在海上航行 at the sea在海邊
5. in class在上課 in the class在班裡
6. in prison坐牢 in the prison在監獄
7. in bed卧床,睡覺 in the bed在床上
8. in front of在……的前面 in the front of在……的前部
9. go to bed去睡覺 go to the bed到床邊或床前
10. go to hospital入院治療 go to the hospital去醫院(不一定是病人)
11. go to church去教堂做禮拜、做禱告 go to the church去教堂(為了別的目的)
12. go to school去上學(不強調場所) go to the school到學校去(開家長會等)

冠詞練習
一、在下列句中空白處填入適當冠詞,不需用冠詞處劃 / 。
1.There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall.
2.This is _______ useful book.I've read it for _______ hour.
3._______ elephant is much heavier than _______ horse.
4._______ doctor told him to take _______ medicine three times _______ day.
5.Let's go out for _______ walk.
6.It's too hot.Open _______ door, please.
7.There is _______ woman over there._______ woman is Meimei's mother.
8._______ sun rises in _______ east.
9._______ Changjiang River is _______ longest river in _______ China.
10.This is _______ second time I have been here.
11.Washington is _______ capital of _______ USA.
12._______ Turners are living at the end of _______ Turner Street.
13.He joined the army in _______ spring of _______ 1995.
14._____ old man is _____ teacher.He likes playing _____ basketball after _____ supper.
15.After I had _______ quick breakfast,I hurried to school.
二、選擇填空。
( )1.—Does Jim have _______ ruler?
—Yes,he has _______.
A.an;some B.a;one C.a;/ D.any;one
( )2.There is _______ old bike. _______ old bike is Mr. Zhao's.
A.an ;The B.the;An C.a;The D.the;The
( )3._______ apple a day keeps the doctors aw ay.
A.The B.A C.An D.Two
( )4.—How many books do you have?
—I have _______ book.That's _______ English book.
A.a;an B.a;one C.one;an D.one;one
( )5.At that time Tom was _______ one-year-old baby.
A.a B.an C.the D./
( )6._______ tiger is from _______ China.
A.The;a B.A;the C.The;/ D.The;the
( )7.We can't see _______ sun at _______ night.
A.the;the B.the;/ C.a;/ D./;/
( )8._______ useful book it is!
A.What an B.How a C.What a D.What
( )9.One afternoon he found ___ handbag.There was ___ 「s」 on the corner of __ handbag.
A.a;an;the B.a;a;the C.an;an;an D.the;a;a
( )10._______ old lady with white hair spoke _______ English well at _______ meeting.
A.An;an;a B.The;/;an C.The;/;a D.The;/;the
( )11._______ Great Wall is _______ longest wall in the world.
A.A;a B.The;the C.A;the D.The;a
( )12.Does Tom often play _______ football after _______ school?
A./;/ B./;the C.the;/ D.a;/
( )13.The museum is quite far.It will take you half _____ hour to get there by _____ bus.
A.an;/ B.an;a C.a;/ D./;/
( )14.Beijing is _______ beautiful city.It's _______ capital of China.
A.a;a B.the;the C./;the D.a;the
( )15.She has _______ orange skirt. _______ skirt is nice.
A.a;The B.an;The C.an;A D.the;The
( )26. Cindy is ________ amazing singer. She has lots of fans.(2010 河北省)
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填

㈨ 初三英語語法

呵呵 希望對你有所幫助 祝樓主進步哈 記得採納O(∩_∩)O哈!

九年級英語復習---語法講解(1-7單元)
Unit1
By是個很常用的介詞(有時也用作副詞),在初中英語中的用法有以下幾種: 1.意為「在……旁」、「靠近」。如: Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大樹下唱歌跳舞,有的在湖邊畫畫兒。 2.意為「不遲於」、「到……時為止」。如: Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的兒子在晚飯前會好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上個學期末你們已經學了多少首英語歌曲? 3.表示方法、手段,可譯作「靠」、「用」、「憑借」、「通過」、「乘坐」等。如: The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在樹上哈哈大笑。 The boy』s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父親是那麼的感激,於是他教愛迪生怎樣通過鐵路電報來傳達信息。 4.表示「逐個」、「逐批」的意思。如: One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他們一個一個得在黑暗中經過這張桌子。5.表示「根據」、「按照」的意思。如:What time is it by your watch? 你的表幾點了? 6.和take , hold等動詞連用,說明接觸身體的某一部分。如: I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7.用於被動句中,表示行為主體,常譯作「被」、「由」等。如: English is spoken by many people. 英語被許多人所說。(即「許多人講英語。」) 8.組成其它短語。 1) by the way : 意為「順便說」、「順便問一下」,常做插入語。如: By the way , where』s Li Ping , do you know?
順便問一下,李平在哪兒。你知道嗎? 2) by oneself : 意為「單獨」、「自行」。如: I can』t leave her by herself. 我不能把她單獨留下。 3) by and by : 意為「不久以後」、「不一會兒」。如: But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以後,越來越多的人開始學英語了。
二、動名詞的構成動詞後加動名詞doing,相當於名詞,在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語定語等。1)★作主語(這種用法常考)
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方與北方開戰了。2)作賓語Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
請問你介意調小一點收音機的音量嗎?3)作表語Babysister』s job is washing,cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服,作飯和照看孩子。
Unit2
used to 的用法:(1)肯定句:used這個詞沒有人稱的變化,to後面接動詞原形。

否定句是didn』t use to….
When I was a child, I didn』t use to like apples.當我還是孩子的時候我不喜歡蘋果.
疑問形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?當你來這兒之前你住哪兒?
(2)含有used to 的句子的反意疑問句不要usedn』t + 主語,而用didn』t + 主語。He used to smoke, didn』t he? 他過去常常吸煙,是嗎?Yes, he did./ No, he didn』t. 是的,他吸。/ 不,他不吸。
(3)used to 表示過去的習慣動作, 而不是現在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已經習慣於這里的天氣了。He is used to hard work. 他習慣於艱苦的工作。
(4)used to 可以和be, have 以及其他狀態動詞連用,描寫過去的狀態。 I used to be a waiter, but now I』m a taxi-driver.我過去是一個服務員,但現在我是計程車司機。
★ 本單元的許多運用used to 的句子屬於描述過去的狀態。Mario used to be short.馬力奧過去總是很矮。Amy used to be outgoing.愛米過去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜過去有一頭直的長頭發。He used to wear black shoes. 他過去常穿黑鞋。
Unit3
本單元重點講到了被動語態的用法英語動詞的被動語態由助動詞be加及物動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞be有時態,人稱和數的變化,其變化規則與連系動詞be完全一樣。
 一、被動語態的句式變化: 以一般現在時和動詞invite為例,列表說明被動語態的句式變化:

二、各種時態的被動語態結構總結如下: 被動語態的時態是由be的時態決定的,be是什麼時態,全句就是什麼時態,be動詞後面的過去分詞不變。一般現在時的被動語態為:主+am / is / are (not)+過去分詞一般過去時的被動語態為:主+was / were +過去分詞
例如:我們學過的was / were born 生於,就是一個被動語態.born是個過去分詞(bear)-When were you born ? -I was born in 1989. 現在進行時被動語態的構成為: 主語+is / am / are + being +過去分詞
現在完成時被動語態的構成為: 主語+have / has +been +過去分詞
情態動詞的被動語態: 情態動詞+be+過去分詞
一般將來時的被動語態: 主語+will +be +過去分詞
過去將來時的被動語態: 主語+would / should + be +過去分詞
過去進行時的被動語態: 主語+was / were + being +過去分詞
過去完成時的被動語態: 主語+had + been +過去分詞
三、被動語態的用法:(1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰,不用by+動作執行者短語 Football is played widely all over the world. 全世界都廣泛地踢足球。
(2)強調動作的承受者,這時應用by短語。The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午這家銀行遭到搶劫。
(3)作客觀說明時,常採用一種被動語態句型It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.
據報道美國大約二十名兒童死於流感。
四、主動語態的句子變為被動語態的方法是:(1)把原句中的賓語變為主語(2)動詞改為被動形式,即be+過去分詞(3)原來的主語,如果需要的話,放在by後面,如果沒必要,可省略。請看下錶:
主動語態 被動語態
They make trains in Zhuzhou. They use this key for locking the classroom door.Many people speak English.He wrote a letter.They are building a road. Trains are made in Zhuzhou.This key is used for locking the classroom door(by them).English is spoken by many people.A letter was written by him.A road is being built (by them).

Unit4
虛擬語氣:如果我們所說的不是事實,也不是要求、命令、勸告等,而只是一種假設、願望、建議或是一種實現不了的空想就用虛擬語氣
注意:條件句分兩種,真實條件句和虛擬條件句。只有在虛擬(非真實)條件句中,才用虛擬語氣,而在真實條件句中,要用陳述語氣。
請比較:
(1)If it is sunny tomorrow , we』ll go to the zoo.
如果明天天氣好,我們將會去公園。在這句話中,明天天氣好是完全有可能實現的,並非虛擬、幻想,因此是真實條件句。在本句中,適用「主將從現。」
(2)If I were you , I would go at once.
(如果我是你的話,我立刻就走。)在這句話中,條件句,「如果我是你」,但事實上,我不可能成為你,這只是假設的情況,沒有實現的可能。當條件實現的可能性很小,甚至可以說沒有時,就需要用虛擬語氣來表示,動詞發生了變化。
也就是說虛擬語氣表示和現實的事實相反時,從句用一般過時。
主句用 「should/would/could/ might +動詞原形。
1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.
2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.
3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.
知識點2. He doesn』t know if he should bring a present.
此處if表示「是否」,引導賓語從句。Should此處表示「應該」。不是虛擬語氣。
E.g.1. I don』t know if I should go to the party.
2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .
知識點3.If I were you , I』d wear a shirt and tie.
if 引導的條件狀語從句表示與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣時,be動詞只能用were,而不能用was。
E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .
知識點4. I don』t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?
What if… 「如果……怎麼辦?」相當於 what would happen if…
E.g. What shall I do if it snows?
知識點5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.
Trouble 麻煩事 ,名詞
常用搭配 :get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble what』s the trouble
「if」引導的條件句。

Unit5
It must be--- (肯定是,100%)
It might/could be… (有可能,20-80%)
It can』t be… (肯定不是,0%)
程度 肯定句 否定句 疑問句
must ★ ★ ★ ★ √
may ★ ★ ★ √ √
might
/could ★ ★ √



can』t
can ★ √


1. --- Whose book is this?
--- It must be Mary』s. (肯定; 一定)
It must belong to Mary.
2. --- Whose French book is this?
--- It could be Ali』s. She studies French. (可能)
3. The hair band might belong to Linda.
might be Linda』s. (可能)
4. The T-shirt can』t be John』s. (不可能)
It』s much too small for him.
練習:1. --- Whose pen is this?
--- It ____ Liu Mei because I saw her use it the other day.
A. can』t be B. might be C. must belong to
2. That』s a piece of good news. They ___ glad to hear that.
A. can be B. might be C. must be D. can』t be
3. Mary ______ be in Paris. I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.
A. mustn』t B. shouldn』t C. can』t D. may not
Unit6
定語從句
1. who 指人,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略)
The man who I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
2. whom指人,作賓語 (作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略, 如介詞提前則不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略)
A plane is a machine. It can fly.→A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him. →He is the man (that) I told you about.
The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.

The scientist Ø we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
who
whom
that
The dress is new. She is wearing it.

The dress that she is wearing is new.
which
Ø
(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.

He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.
who
whom
Ø
This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.

This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Ø
在選擇引導定語從句的關系代詞時,有如下要點:
1 由於關系代詞在主句與從句間既起到聯系作用,又在從句中充當一個成分,因此, 要正確判斷關系代詞在從句中的功能,如作主語還是賓語等。
2 當先行詞指人時,關系代詞可用who(做主語,賓語),that(做主語,賓語),whom(作賓語),whose(作定語)
3 當先行詞指物時,關系代詞可用that(做主語,賓語),which(做主語,賓語)
4 再定語從句中,作賓語的關系代詞長可省略,但在介詞後面的關系代詞不能省略。指人時,介詞後只用whom,指物時,介詞後只用which。
5 在非限制性定語從句中,指人時,只用who,指物時,只用which。
1.定語從句中that與who、which的區別

 

2.定語從句中關系詞的省略

 

 典型例題
1. The first job ________I found was to be a cleaner.
A. where     B. why      C. which     D. that
解析:指事物的先行詞前有序數詞修飾時,只能用關系代詞that。故本題的正確答案是D。
2. I don』t think history is as interesting as English.(改為同義詞)
I think history is ___________ interesting _________ English.
解析:答案是:less; than。意思是「我認為歷史不如英語有趣」。
3. The woman who is wearing the hat is my mother.(改為同義句)
The woman ________ the hat is my mother.
解析:讀題後可知:上句含義是「戴帽子的那個婦女旭我的媽媽」,對應下句,可知空格處應填「戴」,故正確答案是in。
選擇填空
1. The poor boy ________ lost both his parents last year is called Mike.
A.which    B.what    C.who    D./
2. The bridge ________ has been there for nearly fifty years still looks nice.
A.which    B.what    C./    D.who
3. I』m one of the students _______well in English in my class.
A.who does     B.who do     C.which does    D.who did
4. Is this factory ________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A.that     B.where     C.which     D.the one
5. All______ they have done is good for us.
A.what    B.which    C.why    D.that
Unit7
表達意願的幾個基本句子

a. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
b. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
c. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
d. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
答案:a. I hope to     b. I』d like to     c. I』d love to      d. I want to

She would like to go to New York. (對劃線部分提問)
答案:Where would she like to go?
注意:where在本句中為副詞,go後面不能再加to,而Which city would she like to go to? 中which為代詞。
九年級英語復習---語法講解(Units8-15)
Unit8
1、短語動詞小結
常見短語動詞結構有下面幾種:
1.動詞+副詞 如:give up 放棄 turn off 關掉 stay up 熬夜
這種結構有時相當於及物動詞,如果其賓語是代詞,就必須放在動詞和副詞之間,如果是名詞,則既可插在動詞和副詞之間,也可放 在短語動詞後。
2. 動詞+介詞 如:listen of 聽 look at 看 belong to 屬於
這種結構相當於及物動詞,後面跟賓語。
3. 動詞+副詞+介詞 如:come up with 提出,想出 run out of 用完,耗盡
4. 動詞+名詞(介詞) 如:take part in參加 catch hold of 抓住
2、倒裝句
not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用來連接兩個並列的成分
(1)引導以 not only …but (also)… 開頭的句子往往引起部分倒裝。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒裝句。也是說得要
把前面的句子中的助動詞或者是情態動詞放在主語的前面。如:
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不僅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接兩主語時,謂語動詞隨後面的主語人稱和數的變化 也就是就近原則 如:
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不僅莉莉而且你也喜歡貓。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不僅你而且莉莉喜歡貓。
常見的就近原則的結構有:
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (兩者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜歡他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (兩者中的一個)
Either Lily or you are a student.
Not only …but (also)…
There be

㈩ 初中英語句子的類型 與語法知識總結

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