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初二下冊英語第二單元語法總結

發布時間:2021-01-28 00:58:12

⑴ 初二下冊英語語法總結。

初二下冊大概就是這么幾點....
Mole 1是基本句型
Mole 2是賓語從句
Mole 3是to+v. 與 v.-ing作賓語
Mole 4是if從句(回1)
Mole 5是if從句(2)
Mole 6是直接引語和間接答引語(1)
Mole 7是直接引語和間接引語(2)
Mole 8是狀語從句(1)
Mole 9是狀語從句(2)
Mole 10是would與狀語從句(3)
你把這些到網路上搜一下....再認真看就行了
如果你是外研版的更簡單..從第146頁看就行了~

⑵ 七年級下冊英語第二單元的知識、語法總結;復習題。

Unit 2 Where』s the post office?
一. Asking ways: (問路)
1. Where is (the nearest) ……? (最近的)……在哪裡?
2. Can you tell me the way to ……? 你能告訴我去……的路嗎?
3. How can I get to ……? 我怎樣到達……呢?
4. Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……嗎?
5. Which is the way to ……? 哪條是去……的路?
二.Showing the ways: (指路)
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿著這條街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二個路口向左轉。
3. You will find it on your right. 你會在你右手邊發現它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 離這里大約一百米遠。
5. You』d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交車去。(You』d better+動詞原形)
三.片語
1. across from …… 在……的對面 across from the bank 在銀行的對面
2. next to…… 緊靠…… next to the supermarket 緊靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之間
between the park and the zoo 在公園和動物園之間
among 表示位於三者或三者以上之間
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom. 課室前面有棵樹。
in the front of…… 在……(內)的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
課室內的前部有張桌子。
5. behind…… 在……後面 behind my house 在我家後面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of……在某物的左/右邊 on the left of our school 在我們學校的左邊
on one』s left/right 在某人的左/右邊 on my left在我左邊
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along……沿著……(街道 down/along Center Street 沿著中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近 10 welcome to…… 歡迎來到……
11. take /have a walk 散步 12. the beginning of…… ……的開始,前端
at the beginning of…… 在……的開始,前端 in the beginning 起初,一開始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得開心,過得愉快
我昨天玩得很開心。
I had fun yesterday. I had a good time yesterday. I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快 15. take a taxi 坐計程車
16. 到達:get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到這/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing. arrive at +小地方I arrive at the bank. reach +地方
17.go across 從物體表面橫過 go across the street橫過馬路
go through 從空間穿過 go through the forest穿過樹林
18.on + 街道的名稱。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具體門牌號+街道的名稱 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三.重難點解析
1.enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的樂趣,喜愛做某事 I enjoy reading. 我喜愛讀書。
到目前為止,我們學了兩個特殊的動詞finish和enjoy,都是要帶 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我掃完了這間屋子。
2.hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通過這次考試。
hope +從句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天將會晴朗。
(從句即是一個小句子,這個小句子又放在大句子中,從屬於大句子,所以叫從句。如tomorrow will be fine是一個從句,它又放在I hope 的後面,形成句中有句。)
3. if 引導一個表示假設的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有許多錢,我就會去月球。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
如果你餓了的話,你可以在超市買一些食物。
四.本單元的反義詞、近義詞配對
1、new—old 2、 quiet--- busy 3 、dirty--- clean 4 、big---- small

Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一.重點片語
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute
play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals
at night in the day every day ring the day
二. 交際用語
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they』re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they』re kind of interesting.
3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.
4. What other animals do you like? I like dogs, too. Why? Because they』re friendly and clever.
5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
6. She』s very shy. 7. He is from Australia.
8.He sleeps ring the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
9.He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
10.Let』s see the pandas first. 11.They』re kind of interesting.
12.What other animals do you like? 13.Why do you want to see the lions?
三. 重點難點釋義
1、kind of 有點,稍微 Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有點害羞。
kind 還有「種類」的意思
如:各種各樣的 all kinds of We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中國 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是專有名詞,首字母都應該大寫,而且和介詞in連用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China. There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的,和藹可親的
它是名詞friend的形容詞形式,常常和be動詞連用, be friendly。
The people in Cheng are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟,同,和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意區別與and的用法,and通常用於連接主語或賓語,連接主語時,
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之後,如:
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with 「和…一起玩耍」「玩…」
I often play with my pet dog. Don』t play with water!
5、day和night 是一對反義詞,day 表示白天或一天,night表示夜或夜晚。
通常說in the day, ring the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 葉子
復數形式為:leaves, 類似的變化還有:wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives,scarf---scarfs(scarves)等。
7、hour n. 小時;點鍾 hour前邊通常加上冠詞an 表示「一個小時」, 即:an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 來自… be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. (食用的)肉,為不可數名詞,表示「許多」時,使用much來修飾,即:much meat He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草, 為不可數名詞,表示「許多」時,使用much來修飾,即:much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 語法知識
特殊疑問句通常以「what」、「who」、「which」、「when」、「where」、「how」、「how old」、「how many」等開頭,對某一具體問題進行提問。
特殊疑問句的基本構成有兩種情況:
1. 疑問句+一般疑問句結構。這是最常見的情況。例如:
What』s your grandfather』s telephone number?你爺爺的電話號碼是多少?
Who is that boy with big eyes?那個大眼睛的男孩是誰?
Which season do you like best? 你最喜歡哪個季節?
When is he going to play the piano?他什麼時候彈鋼琴?
Where does he live?他住在哪兒?
How are you? 你好嗎? How old are you?你多大了?
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有幾個兄弟姐妹?
2. 疑問句+陳述句結構。這時疑問詞作主語或修飾主語。例如:
Who is on ty today? 今天誰值日?
Which man is your teacher? 哪位男士是你的老師?
我們學過的What/How about+名詞/代詞+其他?也是特殊疑問句,它是一種省略結構。
例如:
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜歡英語。你呢?
What about playing basketball? 打籃球怎麼樣?

⑶ 英語書八年級下冊書第二單元所有語法內容

Unit 2 What should I do?

重點詞彙:play v. 播放
loud adj. 高聲的;大聲的
argue v. 爭論,爭吵wrong adj. 錯誤的;有毛病的;不適合的could v. can的過去式ticket n. 票,入場券 v. 使驚奇;使意外other adj. 其他的;另外的except prep. 除;把……除外fail v. 失敗 football n. 足球 until prep. 到……為止
fit v. 適合,適應 include v. 包括;包含send v. 發送,寄 themselves pron. 他們自己(反身代詞)freedom n. 自由
重點片語及句型:
1. argue with sb. 與某人爭論/辯論
2. have an argument with sb. 與某人發生爭論
3. out of style  不時髦的
4. in style  時髦的
5. keep out  不讓……進入
6. call sb. up   打電話給……
7. on the phone  用電話交談
8. pay for  付款
9. part-time job  兼職工作
10. Teen Talk    青少年論壇
11. the same as  與……同樣的12. get on  well with... 與……相處地好13. as much as possible  盡可能多14. all kinds of  各種各樣的15. on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand  另一方面16. borrow sth. from sb.  向某人借某物17. find out  找出18. be popular at school  在學校受歡迎19. except me  除了我20. have a quick supper  很快地吃晚餐21. not…until  直到……才22. try to do   盡力去做23. complain about doing sth.  抱怨做某事24. seem to do…  好像……25. comparing…with…  把……與……做比較26. think for  為……著想27. find it + adj.+ to do sth.  發現做某事很……28. learn to do  學會做某事 29. have a fight with 與……打架
30. write sb. a letter 給某人寫信 31. a ticket to a ball game 一場球賽的票
32. surprise sb. 使……驚訝 33. buy sb. sth. 為某人買某物
34. have no idea 不知道 35. have the same haircut 有同樣的發型
36. get a tutor 請家教 37. need to do 需要去做
38. invite sb. to do sth. 邀請某人去做某事 39. leave sth. at home 把某物落在家裡
40. fail (in) sth. 做某事失敗 41. be the same as 與……相同的
42. return sth. 歸還某物 43. look up…in a dictionary 在字典中查找……
44. be/feel under (too much) pressure 感覺處於(太多的)壓力之下
45. take sb. from 名詞 to 名詞 把某人從一個地方帶到另一個地方
46. fit as much as possible into their kids lives 盡可能多地充實到孩子們的生活中來
47. nothing new 屢見不鮮 48. push sb hard 厲害地強迫某人
49. be always doing 總是在做某事
50. plan to do 計劃做某事
51. start from a very young age 從很小的年齡開始

日常用語:學慣用於表達建議的句子結構:1. ---What should I do?   ---You could write him a letter.2. --- What should he do?   --- Maybe he should say he's sorry.3. --- What should they do?   --- They shouldn't argue.4. What』s the matter? / What』s wrong?5. Why don』t you talk to him about it?

片語短語詳解:
1. Keep out! 禁止入內
祈使句,意為:「不準入內!」指「關在門外,不準入內。」
Keep sth. adj.

2. My brother plays his CDs too loud. 我哥哥把他的唱片聲音放得太大。
Play:
播放。 e.g. Please play the tape again. 請再放一邊磁帶。
演奏,彈奏 e.g. I can play the violin, too. 我也會拉小提琴。
玩,打,踢 e.g. play football/bolleyball…
劇本,n. e.g. TV play 電視劇 watch the play 看戲

3. I don』t have enough money. 我沒有足夠的錢
Enough修飾n.放在前面 e.g. enough money
Enough修飾adj.放在後面 e.g. good enough

【考例】He is old ______ to go to school. A. much       B. many      C. enough      D. more
【答案與解析】C。本題中old enough 表示年齡足夠大。故本題選C。

4. I argue with my best friend. 我與我最好的朋友發生了爭執。
Argue v. 爭辯,爭論,辯論
Argue with sb. 與某人辯論
Argue on/about sth. 爭論,辯論某事
e.g. They are arguing about playing computer games.
【拓展】argue about sth. 意為「為某事而爭論」。argument 是argue的名詞形式,have an argument with sb.相當於argue with sb.。e.g. I don't want to argue about the houtse with you. 我不想和你為房子的事爭論。 You shouldn't have an argument with your parents about the bike. 你不應該為了自行車的事和你父母爭吵。【考例】I _______my parents about my hairstyle yesterday evening.A. play     B. argue with     C. argued with     D. to argue with 【答案與解析】C。本題中argue with sb.意為「與……爭吵,爭論」。又因為時間狀語是yesterday evening,表示過去的時間,要用一般過去時態,故本題選C。
5. My clothes are out of style. 我的衣服過時了。
Out of style
In style

【考例】I don』t think my clothes are______. A. be out of style    B. out of style    C. out fashion    D. to out of style 【答案與解析】B。本題中be out of style / fashion表示「過時」、「不合乎時尚」。因句中已有are,故本題選B。
6. Maybe you should buy some new clothes. 也許你應當買一些新衣服。
Maybe 與 may be
e.g. Maybe you put it there. 也許你把它放在那裡了。
It may be a hat. = May be it is a hat. 它也許是頂帽子。

7. You could write him a letter. 你可以給他寫封信。
Write sb. A letter = write to sb. 給某人寫一封信
寫信給某人:write to sb.
收到某人的來信:hear from sb. = get/receive a letter from sb.

8. Maybe you should call him up. 也許你應當給他打電話。
Call sb. Up = ring sb. Up = make a telephone call to sb. = give sb. A call/ring給某人打電話
【拓展】maybe 不同於 may be。 maybe 是一個詞,是副詞,may be 是情態動詞may加上動詞原形be,意為「或許」,後接形容詞、名詞、代詞等。例如:It may be true.      He may be the man we are looking for.(2)call sb. up 打電話給某人可以與名詞、代詞連用。連接代詞時,把代詞放在 call 與 up 之間。例如:Please call me up.       Don』t forget to call up your uncle.      I'll call her up this afternoon.【考例】_______you are right. A. Maybe      B. Might      C. May be      D. Might to
【答案與解析】A。本題中maybe不同於may be。 maybe 是一個詞,是副詞,may be是情態動詞may加上動詞原形be,意為「或許」,後接形容詞、名詞、代詞等。故本題選A。
9. A ticket to a ball game 一張球賽的票
A key to a door
An answer to a question

10. I don』t want to surprise him. 我不想使他吃驚。
Surprise v. 使驚奇;使差異;使感到意外。其後可接名詞或代詞作賓語。
e.g. You surprise me! 你嚇了我一跳!
His words surprised my mother a lot. 他的話使我母親大吃一驚。
Be surprised at… 對……感到吃驚
e.g. We are very surprised at the news. 聽到這個消息,我們非常吃驚。
【拓展】surprised adj. 驚訝的           surprising adj. 令人驚訝的例如:I'm surprised to hear the news.      It's a surprising gift, and I love it.【考例】I was__________ when I saw her.A. surprising     B. surprised     C. surprise     D. to surprise
【答案與解析】B。本題中surprised adj.驚訝的;surprising adj.令人驚訝的。故本題選B。
11. I need to get some money to pay for summer camp. 我需要得到一些錢以支付夏令營的費用。
(1)need是個情態動詞,也可以是行為動詞。▲當它是情態動詞時,後邊直接加行為動詞,表示「需要」,但need作情態動詞時一般不用於肯定句。它一般用於否定句和疑問句中,例如:① You need repeat it. 你需要重復它。② Need I repeat it?   我有必要重復它嗎?簡略回答為:Yes, you need. No, you needn't.
(2)【拓展】(sb.)pay(money)for sth.   為……而付款(sb.)spend(money)on sth.  在……上花多少錢(sth.)cost sb.(money)  ……值……錢這三個短語都是表示付款。但pay, spend指的是「人」,主語為人,而cost指的是「物」,主語為「物」。例如說「他昨天花20元買了一本書」。用以上三個短語分別為:① He paid 20 yuan for the book yesterday.  他昨天為這本書付了20元錢。② He spent 20 yuan on the book yesterday.  他昨天花了20元錢(買)這本書。③ The book cost him 20 yuan yesterday.  這本書花了他20元錢。注意以上三個動詞的動詞過去式為:pay - paid; spend - spent; cost - cost【考例】--- I』ve got a new book.        --- How much did you _______it? A. buy     B. spend     C. pay for    D. cost 【答案與解析】C。(sb.)pay(money)for sth.   為……而付款,(sb.)spend(money)on sth.  在……上花多少錢,(sth.)cost sb.(money) ……值多少錢 故本題選C。
12. I have an idea. You could borrow some money from your brother. 我有一個主意,你可以像你哥哥借一些錢。
Idea n. 主意,念頭
e.g. He has a good idea. 他有個好主意。
注意:
I have no idea. = I don』t know. 我不知道

Borrow與lend
borrow sth from sb. 從誰那裡借什麼東西。
Lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. Sth.
borrow 與 lend 的區別:  borrow  借來      lend 借給【考例】Han Mei _________ a book from the library a week ago. A. lent B. returned C. borrowedD. wanted
【答案與解析】C。本題考查borrow 與lend 的區別。borrow 借來;lend 借給。本題的意思是從圖書館借書。故本題選C。

13. No, he doesn』t have any money, either. 不,他也沒有錢。
Either adv. 用於否定句中,表示「也」
e.g. You haven』t read that book. I haven』t read it, either.
Either, too, also
e.g. My mother hasn』t been to Beijing. My father hasn』t been there, either.
That woman is a teacher, too.
I, too, have been to London.
We also play football.

【考例】He doesn't like swimming, and he doesn't like boating,_____. A. neither     B. too     C. another     D. either
【答案與解析】D。本題中either作副詞,用在否定句或否定片語後加強語氣,表示「也,而且」。而neither用於肯定句中。too用於三者或三者以上。故本題選D。
14. I think you should ask your parents for some money. 我想你應當向你的父母要一些錢。
Ask… for… 向……要……;
Ask for… 索要,要求得到……
e.g. He asked for time to thind all this over. 他要求給他時間把這一切好好想想。
He asked me for some money. 他想我要了些錢。
Ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求/請求某人(不要)做某事
Ask for leave 請假

15. Have a bake sale. 賣燒烤

16. I need some money to buy gifts for my family. 我需要一些錢為我的家人買禮物
Buy sb. Sth. = buy sth. to sb.

17. They are original. 它們很新穎
Original adj. 新穎的,獨創的,原始的,最早的
e.g. original ideas 新思想
an original edition 原版
the original plan 原計劃
He is an original composer. 他是一位富有獨創力的作曲家。

18. They are inexpensive. 它們不貴。
Cheap 與 inexpensive
Cheap往往意味著質量差,指價錢便宜的或因質量差而價格低的。
Inexpensive指物美價廉的,價值與價格相比而便宜的,表示「價格公道的,不貴的」

19. But I just found out that my friends were planning a birthday party for my best friend, and they didn』t invite me. 可是我剛剛發現我的朋友們正計劃給我最好的朋友舉辦生日聚會,而他們沒有邀請我。
Just adv.
剛才,剛剛
e.g. They have just left there. 他們剛剛離開這。
僅僅,只是
e.g. Don』t scold him. He is just a child. 別責備他,他只是個孩子。
後接名詞,名詞短語或句子,意為「正好,恰好」
e.g. It was just four o』clock when we got home. 我們到家時剛好4點鍾。
註:
just now 剛才,不久以前
e.g. I saw our teacher just now. 剛才我看到我們的老師了。
Just then 正(就)在那時
e.g. Just then he came out of the room. 就在那是他從房間走了出來。

20. Find out 找出,發現,查處(真相等)
e.g. Please find out where they live. 請查處他們住在哪兒。
Find ,look for ,find out
Find 意為「找到,發現」,通常指找到或發現具體的東西,也可指偶然發現某物或某種情況,強調的是「找的結果」
e.g. He didn』t find his bike. 他沒找到他的自行車。
Look for 意為「尋找」,是有目的地找,強調「尋找」這一動作
e.g. I can』t find my pen. I』m looking for it everywhere.我的鋼筆不見了,我正在到處找。
He is looking for his shoes. 他在找他的鞋子。
Find out 意為「找出,發現,查明」,多指通過調查、詢問、打聽、研究之後「搞清楚,弄明白」,通常含有「經過困難曲折」的含義,指找出較難找到的、無形的、抽象的東西。
e.g. Please find out when the train leaves. 請查一下火車什麼時候離站。
Read this passage, and find out the answer to this question. 讀這篇短文,找出這個問題的答案。

21. Everyone else in my class was invited except me. 除了我以外,我們班其他人都被邀請了。
except 是介詞,表示「除了……之外」;besides 強調「除了,還有……」例如:Except Lily, there are 42 students in our classroom.除麗麗外我們教室里還有42個人。Besides Lily, there are 42 students in our classroom.表示麗麗也在教室,教室里有42個人。【考例】I looked for my pen everywhere _______ there. A. except     B. but     C. except for     D. besides【答案與解析】A。本題考查 except 與 besides 的區別。except 是介詞,表示「除了……」;besides 強調「除了,還有……」。故本題選A。

22. You left your homework at home. 你把作業忘在家裡了。
leave  遺忘,留下,忘帶 例如:The old man left his pocket on the bus. 那位老人把錢包忘在了公交車上。【考例】I ______ my pen in my classroom. A. left      B. leave      C. forget      D. forgot
【答案與解析】A。本題考查leave sth.+ 地點。這一結構。故本題選A。

23. My cousin is the same age as me. She』s really nice, and we get on well, but she always borrows my things. 我的表妹與我同歲。她確實很好,並且我們相處得很好,可她總是借我的東西。
The same age as…
Get on well 相處得好
Get on well with … 與……相處融洽、相處得好
e.g. We get on well with each other. 我們彼此相處融洽。
How do you get on with your new classmates? 你和你的新同學相處得怎麼樣?
註:Get on with 還可以表示「在某方面的進展情況」
e.g. How are you getting on with your English studies? 你的英語學習情況如何?

【考例】He wears the same clothes_____I do. A. like      B. as      C. on      D. in
【答案與解析】B。本題考查the same as…… 意思是「與……一樣」。這一結構。故本題選B。
【考例】I get on well______ my cousin. A. on       B. with      C. in      D. at
【答案與解析】B。本題考查固定搭配get on well with sb. 與某人相處融洽。故本題選B。

24. I don』t want to have a fight with my cousin, because she is my best friend.
Havea fight with sb. = fight with sb. = fight against sb.
e.g. We can』t have a fight with each other at school. 在學校我們不能相互打架

25. Could you give some advice?
Give sb. Some advice
A piece of advice
e.g. The teacher gave me some advice on how to learn English well.

26. The tired children don』t get home until 7 p.m. 疲憊的孩子們知道晚上7點才到家。
Not … until …

27. The Taylors are like many American and British parents. 泰勒夫婦像許多美國和英國的父母一樣。
The taylors泰勒夫婦,泰勒一家人。姓的附屬前加定冠詞the,表示「***一家人」或「***夫婦二人」
e.g. The Smiths are having dinner. 史密斯一家正在吃飯

28. Linda Miller, a mother of three in London, knows all about such pressure.
Know about… 了解,知道……的情況
e.g. I happened to know about him.

⑷ 八年級下冊英語2單元的單元總結(註:重點語法,歸納總結等)

Unit 2 What should I do?

1. argue with sb. 與某人爭吵
about/over sth. 為某事爭吵
2.out of style/danger 過時/脫離險境
in style/danger 時尚/處於危險之中
3.call up sb. (代詞放中間)給某人打電話
4.keep out 不讓…進入
5.What』s wrong? 怎麼啦?
6.be surprised at … 對…感到吃驚
7.borrow sth. from sb. 從某人那裡借入某物
8. needto do sth. (某人)需要做某事
doing sth. (某物)需要做某事
9.pay … for sth. 為某物付…(錢)
10.the same + n. + as… 與…一樣的n.
11 get on well with sb. 與某人相處融洽
12 have a fight with sb. 與某人爭吵
13.take part in 加入
14 plan sth. for sb. 為某人計劃某事
15.as much as possible 盡可能多的…

KP.
1. Sb. pay …for sth. 某人為某物花了…錢。
Sth. cost sb. … 某物花了某人…錢。
Sb. spend … on sth. 某人花了…(時間、金錢)在某事上。
(in) doing sth. 某人花了…(時間、金錢)做某事。
It takes/took sb. … to do sth. 花了某人…(時間、金錢)做某事。
2. not … until 直到…才… (主句動詞是短暫性動詞)
until 一直到… (主句中使用延續性動詞)
3. leave

GF
情態動詞
1.情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化;
2 情態動詞不能直接做謂語,必須和一個動詞原形同時使用;
3.大多數情態動詞沒有時態的變化;
情態動詞加上be,通常表示猜測的語氣。

祝你學習進步,更上一層樓!請記得採納,謝謝!(*^__^*)

⑸ 八年級下冊 英語語法總結(全書)

這裡面有些語法點:
http://www.kaoshi.ws/html/2005/0430/199778.html
初二語法復習
1. so+謂語+主語:…也一樣. 謂語:be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞

2. so+主語+謂語:的確如此,真的這樣.

3. help yourself/yurselves to...請隨便吃點...

4. 發現sb做sth : find sb doing sth

5. 不完全同意I don』t really agree.

完全不同意I really don』t agree.

6. 或者..或者...either…or…..就近原則

既不..也不..neither…nor….就近原則

既....又...both…and….謂語用復數

7. 看起來,似乎It seems/seemed that…..

8. 由於...而聞名be famous for….
更詳細的語法可以看這里:)
http://www.52en.com/whbm/grammar/index.htm

⑹ 八年級英語下冊第二單元重要知識點有哪些!急!!!

Unit 2 What should I do?
【單元目標】
1.單詞與短語
stereo, loud, argue, original, serious, style, wrong, argument, either, teen, talk, family, tutor, haircut, caller, except, upset
1.want sb. to do sth. 2.play one』s stereo 3 stay at home
4.argue with sb / have an argument with sb. 5.be out of style
6.write sb a letter/write to 7.talk about 8.on the phone
9. surprise sb. 10.pay for 11.get a part-time job 12.borrow sth. from sb.
13.ask sb. for… 14. have a bake sale 15.find out 16.be upset
17. call… up 18.the same as 19. get on well with sb. 20. return sth.
21.have a fight with sb. 22.from…to… 23. drop off 24.prepare for
25.after-school clubs 26.be used to 27.fill up 28.take the middle road
2.目標句型:
1. What should I do? 2. Why don』t you…? 3. You could …
4. You should… 5. You shouldn』t…
3.語法
情態動詞的用法 Ⅰ
【重難點分析】
情態動詞(Modal Verbs )Ⅰ
* 情態動詞也可稱為「情態助動詞 (Modal Auxiliaries)」,因為它和基本助動詞(be,do, have)都屬於助動詞類。
* 情態動詞和其他動詞連用,可表示說話人的語氣。
* 情態動詞可表達建議、要求、可能和意願等。
* 情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化。
* 常用的情態動詞有:can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would這九大情態動詞;其他的還有ought to, need, dare 等。
一、九大情態動詞的時態關系:
1. 現在式 can -- 過去式 could
2. 現在式 may -- 過去式 might
3. 現在式 shall -- 過去式 should
4. 現在式 will -- 過去式 would
5. 現在式 must -- 過去式 must (常用had to來代替)
二、情態動詞表示「可能」或「預測」
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to)
(1)can 和 could 用於表示「可能」或「預測」:
1. He can't be at home. (否定句)
他不可能在家。
2. Can the news be true? (將情態動詞 can 置於主語 the news 前就成疑問句)
這消息可能是真的嗎?
3. Anybody can make mistake. (只表示理論上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯錯誤。
(2)may 和 might 用於表示「事實上的可能性」或「預測」:
1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能會發生) 明天可能會下雨。
2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示預測) 今天下午可能會下雪。
3. You might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是對的。
(3)will 和 would 用於表示「預測」或「習慣性」:
1. I think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定會) 我想他現在一定好了。
2. That would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是) 那肯定是他母親。
3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示經常的)
他經常一連幾個小時坐在那兒看著河水。
(4)shall 和 should 用於表示「必定」:
1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 總有一天我會發達的。
2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be) 那準是Sam 和他的母親。
(5)must 用於表示「必定」,「必會」:
1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 這肯定對你是有益的。
2. All mankind must die.(表示必然會發生的事) 所有的人一定會死的。
3. Mustn't there be a mistake? (mustn't 多用於疑問句) 那肯定會有錯誤嗎?
三、情態動詞表示「許可」、「請求」
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must)
(1)can 和 could 用於表示「許可」、「請求」:
1. Can I go with you? (請求) 我能跟你一起走嗎?
2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示過去的許可) 爸爸說我可以去看電影。
3. Could I ask you something ? (請求,用 could 比 can 更婉轉) 我可以問你一件事嗎?
(2)will 和 would 用於表示「請求」
1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office? (表示客氣請求)
請問到郵局怎麼走?
2. Would you give me your address? (用 would 比 will 表示更客氣)
請你告訴我你的地址,好嗎?
(3)shall 和 should 用於第一人稱,表示徵求對方的意見
1. Shall we talk? 我們談談好嗎?
2. What should we do next? (用should 比 shall 表示更客氣) 下一步我們該怎麼做?
3. Shall he come to see you? (用於第三人稱疑問句) 要不要他來看你?
(4)may 和 might 用於表示「許可」(口語中多用 can )
1. You may take a walk. (表示給予許可) 你可以散散步。
2. You might read the story for me. (比may更婉轉) 是否請給我讀一讀這故事。
3.May I make a suggestion? 我可以提個建議嗎?
4. Might I take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行嗎?
5. Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不許可或禁止)
學生不得在圖書館里吵鬧。
6. If I may say so, you are not right. (用於條件句,表示請求)
你是不對的,如果我可以這么說的話。
(5)must 用於表示「禁止」,「不準」:
1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不許可) 此地不準停車。
2. All of you mustn't fishing in the pool. (must not 語氣方面比 may not 更強)
你們不準在池裡釣魚。
四、重要短語和表達法(Key Words)
1.argue v.爭論;爭吵 argue with sb.與某人吵架
I argued with my best friend.我和我的好朋友吵架了。
Don』t argue with him. 別和他爭吵了。
2.① either adv.(用於否定句)也
He doesn』t have any money, and I don』t, either.他沒有錢,我也沒有。
I can』t play chess. She can』t, either.我不會下國際象棋,她也不會。
② too 也(用於肯定或疑問句)
I』m a teacher.He is a teacher, too.我是老師,他也是老師。
We are going hiking. Are they going hiking,too?我們要去徒步旅行,他們也要去嗎?
3.ask (sb.)for sth.向某人尋求某物;要……
Don't ask for food every day.Go and find some work. 別天天要飯,找點兒工作做。
I don』t think you should ask your parents for some money.我想你不應向父母要錢。
If you have any problems, you can ask the policeman for help. 如果你有困難,可以向警察求助。
He didn't want to ask his teacher for his book back. 他不想向老師要回他的書了。
4.the same as... 與……相同
The clothes are the same as my friends'.這些衣服與我朋友的一樣。
Tom is the same age as Anna.= Tom is as old as Anna.湯姆和安娜一樣大。
Her backpack is the same as mine. 她的背包與我的一樣。
5.except 除……以外;(不包括……在內)
My class has been invited except me.= Only I haven't been invited.
除我以外,我的同學都被邀請了。
All the students went to the park except him.= Only he didn't get to the park.
They all toured America except her.
除了他以外,所有的學生都去美國旅行過。
besides 除……以外(包括在內)
We all went there besides him.= He went there.We went there, too.除他去以外,我們也都去了。
There are five more visitors besides me.除了我之外還有5倍訪客
6.wrong adj.錯誤的;有毛病的;不合適的
Is there anything wrong with you? 你哪兒不舒服?
— What's wrong with you? 你怎麼了?(你哪裡不舒服?)
— I've got a headache.我頭痛。
What』s wrong with your watch? It doesn't work.你的手錶怎麼了?它不走了。
adv.錯誤地;不正確地;不對地
He answered wrong.他答錯了。
They knew they did wrong. 他們知道他們做錯了。
7.get on well with sb.與某人相處融洽
The students will get on well with the teacher.學生會和老師相處得非常好。
We get on well with each other.我們彼此相處融洽。
Can she get on well with all the other students in her class?
她能與她班裡所有的同學相處得好嗎?
8.have a fight with sb.= fight with sb.與某人打架
I don『t want to have a fight with my cousin. 我不想和我的堂兄打架。
They never fight with each other.They are really good friends.
他們從不打架,他們的確是好朋友。
五、主要句型(Key Sentences Structures)
What should I do? You could write him a letter.
What should he do? Maybe he should say sorry to him
What should they do? They shouldn't argue.
六、詞語辨析
1. borrow sth. from sb. 從某人處借進某物
lend sth. to sb. 把某物借給某人
borrow sth. from sb. 是指該句的主語從別人處(往裡)借進某物
例:He borrowed the dictionary from Lucy yesterday. 他昨天從露西處借了那本字典.
lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.
是指該句的主語把某物(往外)借給別人用
例如:Could you lend me your car? 請你借給我你的車用一下好嗎?
2. ①get sb. to do… 使……做(以人為對象時,有「說服……使做……」的含義)
He could get a tutor to come to his home. 他可以請一位家庭教師來他家。
You』ll never get her to agree. 你決不可能使她同意。
②ask sb. to do… 邀請(人)做……
We asked her to come to our party.我們請她來參加聚會
③ tell sb. to do…讓某人做某事 例如:
The teacher told him to finish the work that day. 老師那天讓他完成那項工作。
3、be in style 時髦的,流行的
be out of style 過時的,不時髦的
例: Look! Her new dress is in style.她的新裙子很時髦。
Those clothes are out of style. 那些衣服過時了。
七、課文解釋
1、I don』t want to surprise him. 我不想讓他感到意外。
此處surprise是及物動詞 surprise sb. 使某人感到吃驚
eg. My friend always surprises me.
2、talk about it on the phone 用電話就此事進行交流
eg. Call Jim on the phone. 找吉姆聽電話。
Lily, you are wanted on the phone. 莉莉,你的電話
3、call sb. (up) =give sb. a call 給某人打電話
He called me (up) from New York. 他從紐約給我打來電話
=He gave me a call from New York.
4、write sb. a letter = write a letter to sb. 給某人寫信
5、give him a ticket to a ball game.給他一張觀看球賽的入場券
eg. They got two tickets to tonight』s show.他們搞了兩張今晚表演的入場券。
6、She has the same haircut as I do. 她和我有相同的發型。
eg. Tim has the same clothes as his brother does.提姆和他的弟弟有相同的衣服。
7、find out (研究、努力的結果)發現,查出,找出
You should find out (the answer) for yourself.你應該自己去找答案。
8、Everyone else in my class was invited except me.
除了我以外,我們班其他別的人都接到了邀請(信)
此句中else一詞不能單獨使用它必須跟在不定代詞像「someone, anyone nobody」等詞的後面,或跟在特殊疑問詞像「what, where」等詞的後面使用意思是「別的」
eg. What else do you know about it? 關於此事你還知道什麼別的方面
9、I can』t think what I did wrong. 我真想不出我做錯了什麼。
此句中 what I did wrong是賓語從句,作think的賓語應用陳述語序。
10、I』m very upset and don』t know what to do.我很沮喪,不知該干什麼。
此句中 what to do是不定式作know的賓語,可用賓語從句來代替。可以說成「I don』t know what I should do.」
11、There are a lot of things you could do. 有許多你能做的事。
此句中 you could do是定語從句,修飾前面的名詞「things」
12、You left your homework at home.你把你的作業落在家裡了。
Leave sth. +介詞短語,是「把……忘在,落在(某處)的意思。
eg. He left his umbrella on the bus.他把傘忘在公交車上。
13、You should try to be funny. 你應該試著幽默一些。
Try to do…努力做,試著做,盡量做
而try not to do 是盡量不做……
eg. Please try not to be late again. 請盡量不要再遲到。
14、Their school days are busy enough. 他們的學校生活是夠忙的。
enough必須放在形容詞/副詞的後面,表示「足夠……的」
eg. He is tall enough to reach that apple. 他足夠高的可以夠著那個蘋果。
15、be under too much pressure. 在太多的壓力下
16、see other children doing a lot of things 看別的孩子在做許多事
see sb. doing 看見某人正在干某事
eg. We saw them playing basketball at that time.那時我們看見他們在打籃球
17、find it hard to do sth. 發現做……(事)很難
He found it hard to learn math well. 他發現學好數學很難

⑺ 初二下冊英語知識歸納(語法,短語。。。)

need to do sth需要做某事(人做主語)
need doing sth需要做某事(物做主語)
hear sb do sth聽到某人做過某事
hear sb doing sth聽到某人正在做某事
hear of +sb/sth聽到或知道某人某物
hear about +sth聽到關於某事物的消息
hear from sb 收到某人來信
stop to do sth停下來去做某事
stop doing sth停止做某事
go on to do sth接著去做某事
go on doing sth繼續做某事
remember to do sth記住去做某事
remember doing sth記住做過某事
forget to do sth忘記去做某事
forget doing sth忘記做過某事
be angry with sb對某人生氣
be angry at sth對某事很生氣
like to do sth喜歡做某事(強調一次性的動作)
like doing sth喜歡做某事(泛指長期性習慣性地)
hate to do sth討厭做某事(強調一次性的動作)
hate doing sth討厭做某事(泛指長期性習慣性地)
refuse to do sth拒絕做某事
try to do sth設法或努力去做某事
try doing sth嘗試著做某事
be afraid to do sth害怕做某事
be afraid of (doing) sth害怕(做)某事
warn sb of/about sth警告某人
warn sb (not)to do sth警告某人(不要)做某事
learn to do sth學習做某事
agree to do sth同意做某事
hope/wish to do sth希望做某事
decide to do sth決定做某事
begin/start to do sth開始做某事
in the end=at last=finally最後
sth happen to sb某事發生在某人身上
give an interview接受采訪
make sb+adj\do sth使某人……\讓某人做某事
be\become interested in sth/doing sth對……感興趣
win取勝(比賽)
beat打敗(人)
interested 有趣的(修飾人)
interesting有趣的(修飾物)
exciting激動人心的(修飾物)
excited激動人心的(修飾人)
relaxing放鬆的(修飾物)
relaxed放鬆的(修飾人)
surpised驚奇的(修飾人)
surpising驚奇的(修飾物)
be made from由…製成(看不出原材料)
be made of由…製成(看得出原材料)
see/hear sb do sth 看到/聽見某人做某事
want to do sth=would like to do sth想要做某事
would like sth想要某物
would like sb to do sth想要/願意某人做某事
too much太多
much too非常
be dangerous ……是危險的
be in danger ……處於危險中
in the dangerous陷入困境
in dangerous瀕危滅絕
take up占據時間或空間
tidy up收拾 整理
look after=take care of照顧
help sb(to) do/with sth幫助某人做某事
spend…on/doing sth花時間/金錢干某事
as a result of= because of因為 由於
come out出版 發行 發芽 開花 出來
hold the line=hold on for a moment=wait for a moment稍等,別掛電
right now=at the moment=now 現在
right now=right away=at once立刻,馬上
invite sb to do sth邀請某人做某事
invite sb to sw 邀請某人去某地
good luck with sth祝某事物好運
good luck to sb 祝某人好運
a couple of 幾個兩個 表示同類的物體但不是成對的
a pair of 表示成雙成對的
in fact=actually事實上
by the way 順便說一聲
far away 遙遠的
far(away)from 離……遠
alone獨自一人的(表狀態)
lonely寂寞的(表感覺)
after all 畢竟
be afraid to do sth=be afraid of (doing)sth害怕(做)某事
make friends with 與某人交朋友
worry about=be worried about擔心 擔憂
don't mention it=you're welcome=That'okay=That'all right=Not at all 不客氣
look out=be carefully=look out for小心

look out of朝……外看
look for尋找
look like看上去像
look forward to 盼望
look up查找
look after=take care of照顧
look over檢查身體
look through瀏覽
look down on(upon)輕視 看不起
look around/round四處看看
look like …看起來像…(比較的人或物分別放在前後作主語和賓語)
look the same …看起來像(比較的人或物都放在前面作主語)
as if好像(後面接句子)
be on上演
thank you for……=thanks for因…而感謝

ask for job 求職
once a week一周一次
use…for… 用…來做…
take off卸下、起飛、脫下、休假
land in降落
put on穿上
turn off/out 關上
turn on 打開
turn up開大一點
turn down開大一點
pick up 拿起
動詞+賓語+身體部位 攻擊某人身體部位
stay cool保持冷靜
stop talking 停止談話
be business 出差
rather…than… 寧可…也不…
steal one's sth偷某人某物
steal sth from sb偷某人某物
on one's way to在……路上
take sb around=show sb around帶領某人參觀某地
join=take part in參加
decide to do sth決定干某事
come this way 這邊走
the latest news最新消息
introce …to… 把……介紹給…
too …to… 太…而不能
prefer A to B AB之間更喜歡A
connect A to/with B 把A與B連接
so that為了 表目的
so…that…如此…以至於
neither…or…兩者都不
either…or…兩者都
not only …but also不但……而且
both …and…不但…而且…
appear出現
disappear消失
weather…or not是否
the end of ……末
the beginning of ……的開頭
at the end of 在……結尾
at the beginning of 在……開始
in the end of=at last=finally 最後
pocket momney零花錢
whatever無論什麼
whoever無論誰
whichever無論哪個
whenever無論何時
wherever無論何地
動名詞表達的是:狀態 性質 心境 抽象 經常性 已發生的
不定式表達的是:目的 結果 原因 具體 一次性 將發生的
may引導的疑問句當否定回答時may要變must
must引導的疑問句當否定回答時must要變need
it seem that 好像
an interesting place名勝
all together一起
rather A than B 不是 B而是A
keep doing sth堅持做某事
as a result of=because of 因為 由於
at the age of在……歲時
be late for干…遲到
keep(on) +動詞ing
enjoy+動詞ing
miss+動詞ing
finish+動詞ing
consider+動詞ing
suggest+動詞ing
practice+動詞ing
agree with同意
in person親自
talk about 談論
be proud of 以…自豪
in the background 在幕後
be able to do能夠、會做某事
among 在…中間(三者以上)
between在…中間(兩者之間)
in front of 在…前面(物體外)
in the front of在…前面(物體內)
think of sb/sth想起覺得
think about sb/sth考慮
take place發生 (非偶然或有計劃的)
happen發生 (偶然或突然性)
awake醒著的--asleep睡著的
have to不得不
hurry up趕快
in a hurry匆忙
hurry to +地點 趕往某地
break up 使粉碎 解散
make a mistake犯錯
make sure確認 確保 查明
except 除…以外(表示從整體中減去一部分)
except for 除…以外(把某一點除外)
besides 除…以外(表示並非真正排除)
true to life很逼真
face to face面對面
in one's opinion以某人的觀點
come on (燈)亮起來 加油
play a joke on sb 開玩笑在某人身上
play a joke with sb 和某人開玩笑
at the moment用於現在時表示"片刻"的意思,
用於過去時表示"那時"的意思
for a moment常與連續性動詞連用表示"一會兒,片刻"
for the moment常用於現在時意味"暫時、目前"
as…as you can盡可能…
find out找到…(通過探索觀察而發現事實的真相)
discover找到…(發現的對象本來是存在的只是以前不知道)
not at all一點兒也不
bring sth帶來某物
get virus中病毒
go wrong出毛病、壞掉.
climb out of爬出
take medicine吃葯
make sure確信、有把握
worry about擔心(表動作)
be worried=worry about
be worried about擔心(表狀態)
be worried about sb/sth擔心某人或某物
although雖然----but 但是(兩者不能連用)
because因為 ----so所以(兩者同樣不能連用)
pull sth off 成功做了某事(難事等)
pull down拆毀(建築)
pull through克服困難、共度難關
pull together控制(自己)感情
pull out 取出、(火車)離站
…day(s) of …天假
whole day整天
put away把……收起來
put out把火熄滅,把燈關上
put off推辭
put on穿上
put up with容忍,忍受

⑻ 初二英語下冊重點語法、句型歸納總結

下冊主要就是被動語態啦被動語態的主要用法
一.定義
語態是動詞的一種形式,它表示主語和謂語的關系。語態有兩種:主動語態和被動語態。如果主語是動作的執行者,或者是說動作是由主語完成的,要用主動語態;如果主語是動作的承受者,或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的,則用被動語態。
■當不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執行者時,常用被動語態,這時往往不用by短語。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天,教室的前窗被打破了。(不知誰打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他們的工資太低。(沒必要指出工資是誰付的)
■突出或強調動作的承受者,如果需要說出動作的執行者,用by短語。
The time-table has been changed. 時間表已變動了。(要突出的是「時間」)
These books are written especially for children. 這些書是專門為孩子們寫的。(強調的是「」這些書)
■為了使語言得體或圓滑等不願意說出動作的執行者。如:
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 請您在下次會議上作個發言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 據說她要嫁給一個外國人。
■出於修辭的原因,或是說為了更好地安排句子。如:
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 這個提議特別遭到了那些在本地區投資很大的人的反對。(因those的定語太長了,若用它作主語,主語與謂語就相距太遠而顯得句子鬆散。)

8種常用時態的被動語態

由「助動詞be + 動詞的過去分詞」構成。助動詞be 有時態、人稱和數的變化。
(1) 一般現在時:am/is/are +過去分詞。如:
Rice is grown in south China. 華南種植水稻。
(2) 一般過去時:was/were+過去分詞。如:
The glass was broken yesterday. 這塊玻璃是昨天打爛的。
(3) 現在進行時:am/is/are being +過去分詞。如:
The project is being carried out. 這個計劃正在執行中。
(4) 過去進行時:was/were/being +過去分詞。如:
This road was being built this time last year. 這條路去年這個時候還在修建。
(5) 一般將來時:will be +過去分詞。如:
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 這些汽車將由水路運往國外。
(6) 過去將來時:would be +過去分詞。如:
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 經理說這個工程在年底前將會完成。
(7) 現在完成時:have/has been +過去分詞。如:
This novel has been translated into several languages. 這本小說已被譯成了幾種語言。
(8) 過去完在時:had been +過去分詞。如:
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到達劇院時,發現票已賣完了。

使用被動語態「六注意」

一要注意被動語態的不同時態
被動語態由「be+過去分詞」,其中的助動詞 be 根據情況可使用各種不同時態。如:
She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。(一般現在時)
The book will be reprinted soon. 這本書很快會重印。(一般將來時)
The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。(現在進行時)
They have been given a warning. 他們受到警告。(現在完成時)
二要注意帶情態動詞的被動語態
該結構的基本形式為「情態動詞+be(或be的適當形式)+過去分詞」。這類結構非常有可能作為語境題出現在考卷中。如:
The rules must be obeyed. 這些規章制度必須遵守。
They shouldn』t have been told about it. 這事是不應當告訴他們的。
三要注意非謂語動詞的被動語態
1. 不定式一般式的被動語態。由「to be+過去分詞」構成。如:
She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求給她一些工作做。
2. 不定式完成式的被動語態。由「to have been+過去分詞」構成。如:
I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想讓人把結果早點告訴我的。
3. 現在分詞一般式的被動語態。由「being+過去分詞」構成。如:
I saw him being taken away. 我看見有人把他帶走了。
4. 現在分詞完成式的被動語態。由「having been+過去分詞」構成。如:
Having been invited to speak, I』ll start making preparations tomorrow. 因為邀請我去講話,我明天就得做准備。
5. 動名詞一般式的被動語態。由「being+過去分詞」構成。如:

He hates being made a fool of. 他討厭被別人愚弄。
6. 動名詞完成式的被動語態。由「having been+過去分詞」構成。如:
Jenny』s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 傑妮沒受過舞蹈的專業訓練是她感到遺憾的事。
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把車開出城的指令後,我開始信心十足了。
註:過去分詞沒有被動式,因為它本身可以表示被動意義。如:
The door remained locked. 門仍然鎖著。
四要注意「get+過去分詞」構成的被動語態
英語被動語態通常由「助動詞be+過去分詞」構成,有時也可用「get+過去分詞」構成。如:
James got beaten last night. 詹姆斯昨晚被打了。
但總的說來,用get構成的被動語態不如用be構成的被動語態常見,尤其是在含有施動者的by短語時,用get構成被動語態更是少見。不過有時用be+過去分詞構成被動語態構成誤解時,人們可能會選get+過去分詞來避免這種誤解:
The window was broken. 窗戶破了(表狀態)。/ 窗戶被打破了(表動作)
The window got broken. 窗戶被打破了(表動作)
五要注意哪些動詞不用於被動語態
1. 不及物動詞沒有被動語態。因為不及物動詞沒有賓語,所以若將其用於被動語態則沒有主語,故不能用於被動語態。但是值得注意的是,有些英語中的不及物動詞,譯成漢語時卻可能是「及物」的,很容易出錯,這類動詞如:take place(發生),happen(發生),come about(發生),break out(爆發),appear(出現),disappear(消失),last(持續),arise(出現,發生)等:
Influenza usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常發生在冬季。
2. 英語中的靜態動詞(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble 等)通常不用於被動語態:
The young man lacks experience. 這個年輕人缺乏經驗。
英語不用被動語態幾種的情形
1.謂語為連系動詞時,不用被動語態。如:He looked fine. 他氣色好。The food tastes delicious. 這食物味道很好。
2. 謂語為不及物動詞(短語)時,不用被動語態。如:The war broke out in the end. 戰爭終於爆發了。
3. 賓語為不定式、動詞的-ing 形式或從句,表示主語的一些想法、愛好或願望時,一般不用被動語態。如:
He decided to go with us. 他決定跟我們一起去。4. 賓語是相互代詞、反身代詞、同源賓語等時,一般不用被動語態。如:
We should help each other. 我們應該相互幫助。He thinks of himself too much. 他對自己想得太多。
5. 賓語是處所、地點時,一般不用被動語態。如:
We will reach the station in two hours. 我們再過兩個小時就會到站了。
6. 謂語部分(動詞與賓語) 是一個不可分割的動詞短語時,一般不用被動語態。如:
The ship set sail this morning. 這艘輪船今天早晨起航了。
通常不用於被動語態的靜態動詞
那裡的人缺乏食物。正:People there lack food. 誤:Food is lacked by people there.
從形式上看,第2句是第1句的相應的被動形式,既然第1句為正句,那麼第2句從理論上說應該是成立的。而事實上第2句卻是個錯句。
在英語中,並不是所有的及物動詞都可以用於被動語態的,有些動詞(尤其是那些靜態動詞)盡管它們可以帶賓語,但卻不用於被動語態,這種動詞考生容易弄錯,其中主要的有:have,lack,fit,suit,cost,let,like等:
他有一台電腦。正:He has a computer.誤:A computer is had by him.
他當時正在洗澡。正:He was taking a bath. 誤:A bath was being had by him.
我的鞋不適合。正:My shoes don』t fit me. 誤:I am not fitted by my shoes.
這架鋼琴花了她6000美元。正:The piano cost her 6000 dollars.
六要注意兩類被動句型的相互轉換
英語中有一種主動句可以轉換成兩種被動句型,它們通常是一些表示客觀說明的句子。如:
People believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。
It』s believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。
She is believed to be honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。
比較上面兩類被動句型可以發現,一類是「it+be+過去分詞+that從句」,另一類則是「主語+be+過去分詞+不定式」(其中的「主語」為前一類句型中that從句中的主語),通常可用於這兩類被動句型的動詞有assume, believe, expect, fear, feel, know, presume, report, say, suppose, think, understand等,比較(同時注意其中時態和動詞形式的變化):
It』s known that he was a good singer. / He is known to have been a good singer. 大家知道他曾是位優秀的歌手。
表示「據說」的三類被動句型

⑼ 八年級下冊英語Unit2語法

1. 簡單句、並列句和復合句
句子類型(Types of sentences)可以分為簡單句、並列句和復合句三種。
(1) 簡單句(The Simple Sentence):由一個主語(或並列主語)和一個謂語(或並列謂語)構成的句子。
e.g. ①I often get up at six in the morning. (一個主語、一個謂語)
② My mother and I often go shopping. (並列主語、一個謂語)
③Some students walk or ride bikes to school. (一個主語、並列謂語)
(2) 並列句(The Compound Sentence):由並列連詞(and, so, but, or等)把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起而構成的句子。
e.g. ①She doesn』t like science, and she thinks it』s boring.
②Ed has a great sports collection, but he doesn』t play sports.
③School starts at eight, so I get up at six thirty.
④Hurry up, or you』ll be late.
(3) 復合句(The Complex Sentence):由一個主語和一個或一個以上的從句構成的句子。包括賓語從句、狀語從句等。
e.g. ①Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.(when引導的時間狀語從句)
② I think (that) Screen City has the most comfortable seats. ( that引導的賓語從句)

2. 關於語序
(1) 所謂語序就是指語言表達順序。英語語序可分陳述語序和疑問語序。
(2) 所謂陳述語序,又稱主謂語序,就是按「主語+謂語+其他」的先後順序表達的語序。
(3) 所謂疑問語序,就是一般疑問句、特殊疑問句的表達順序。通常在主語前有助動詞、情態動詞等。
e.g. What does Mary do on weekends? (疑問語序)
→I don』t know what Mary does on weekends. (陳述語序,去掉了原句的助動詞does,謂語動詞do還原成一般現在時三人稱單數does.)
(4)主從復合句常要用陳述語序。
I don』t know what did I do wrong? ( ×)
→I don』t know what I did wrong. (√ )

3. 關於後綴「ful」
(1)很多名詞後加後綴ful就成了形容詞。 e.g. care→ careful; beauty → beautiful; color → colorful; use → useful; help → helpful; 等。
(2)有後綴ful的形容詞的反義詞通常是以less為後綴的形容詞。
e.g. Careful → careless; useful → useless等。
4. 關於表示「關聯,聯系」的介詞「to」
(1)英語中表示「A 的B」含義,除了名詞所有格和 「B of A」 外,還可以用 「B to A」。
(2)在「B to A」結構中,B常是以下詞:answer, key, bridge, way, entrance, exit, ticket等。
(3)可用順口溜記住這些單詞:答案鑰匙橋和路,入出口連著介詞to。
e.g. ①the answer to the question 這個問題的答案 ;
②the way to the park 去公園的路 ;
③the entrance to the museum 博物館的入口
④the key to our classroom 我們教室門的鑰匙
⑤a ticket to a ball game 一張比賽球票

5. 關於疑問詞連用動詞不定式
(1)疑問詞when, where, what, how等可以和動詞不定式連用,構成特殊結構。
(2)此結構常與含情態動詞can/could, should, be able to, will/would等的賓語從句轉換。
e.g. ①I don』t know what I should do next. →I don』t know what to do next.
我不知道接下來該做什麼。
②Could you please tell me where you will do on vacation?
→Could you please tell me where to go on vacation?
能告訴我你講去哪兒度假嗎?
③He forgot when they would start. →He forgot when to start.
他忘了何時要出發。
④Please let us know how we can do it well. →Please let us know how to do it well.
請告訴我們怎樣才能把它做得更好。

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