⑴ 英語語法 什麼是 平衡句
我也同意125557779 的說法來,如自果沒錯的話,就是指怕出現頭重腳輕的現象,這里,「頭」即主語,「腳」即後面的賓語或表語。如果一句話真正的主語過長,就會用形式主語it,替代,而把真正的主語放後面,就如125557779 舉的例子一樣,it是形式主語,後面的to do sth才是真正的主語o(∩_∩)o
⑵ 英語語法基礎入門
⑶ 從句[英語語法高手請進]
名詞性從句是由if, whether, that 和各種疑問詞充當連接詞所引導的從句,其功同名詞一樣。
一.主語從句
主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主語和it引導強調句的比較
It 作形式主語代替主語從句,主要是為了平衡句子結構,主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導的強調句則是對句子某一部分進行強調,無論強調的是什麼成分,都可用連詞that。被強調部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:
It is a pity that you didn』t go to see the film.
It doesn』t interest me whether you succeed or not.
It is in the morning that the murder took place.
It is John that broke the window.
2. 用it 作形式主語的結構
(1) It is +名詞+從句
It is a fact that … 事實是…
It is an honor that …非常榮幸
It is common knowledge that …是常識
(2) it is +形容詞+從句
It is natural that… 很自然…
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
(3) it is +不及物動詞+從句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
(4) it +過去分詞+從句
It is reported that… 據報道…
It has been proved that… 已證實…
3. 主語從句不可位於句首的五種情況
(1) if 引導的主語從句不可居於復合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)
That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)
That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)
(4) It doesn』t matter how/whether …結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
It doesn』t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right)
Whether he is wrong or not doesn』t matter. (wrong)
(5) 含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時,主語從句不可提前。例如:
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)
Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)
4. What 與that 在引導主語從句時的區別
What 引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分,如主語.賓語.表語,而that 則不然。例如:
1) What you said yesterday is right.
2) That she is still alive is a consolation.
二.賓語從句
賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞(及物動詞)或介詞之後。
1. 作動詞的賓語
(1) 由that引導的賓語從句(that 通常可以省略),例如:
I heard that be joined the army.
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引導的賓語從句,例如:
1) She did not know what had happened.
2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
(3) 動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句。例如:
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2. 作介詞的賓語
例如:Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3. 作形容詞的賓語
例如:I am afraid (that) I』ve made a mistake.
That 引導的從句常跟在下列形容詞後作賓語:
Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以將此類詞後的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。
4. It 可以作為形式賓語
It 不僅可以作為形式主語,還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾,特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。 例如:
We heard it that she would get married next month..
5. 後邊不能直接跟that 從句的動詞
這類動詞有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞後可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語,但不可以用that引導的賓語從句。例如:
I admire their winning the match. (right)
I admire that they won the match. (wrong)
6. 不可用that從句作直接賓語的動詞
有些動詞不可用於「動詞+間接賓語+that從句「結構中,常見的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如:
He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)
He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)
7. 否定的轉移
若主句謂語動詞為Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其後的賓語從句若含有否定意義,一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上,從句謂語用肯定式。例如:
I don』t think this dress fits you well.(我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。)
三.表語從句
表語從句在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句,放在系動詞之後,一般結構是「主語+連系動詞+表語從句」。可以接表語從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。引導表語從句的that常可省略。另外,常用的還有the reason is that… 和It is because 等結構。例如:
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can』t get the support of the people
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
四.同位語從句
同位語從句就是在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。
1. 同位語從句的功能
同位語從句對於名詞進一步解釋,說明名詞的具體內容,一般由that引導,例如:
1) The king』s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
2. 同位語在句子中的位置
同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞後面,而是被別的詞隔開。例如:
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
3. 同位語從句與定語從句的區別
(1) 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞,同時以在從句中作某個成分(主語或賓語),而同位語從句中的that是連詞,只起連接主句與從句的作用,不充當句中任何成分。
(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的,其功能是修飾先行詞,對先行詞加以限定,描述定的性質或特徵;同位語從句是名詞性的,其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。例如:
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。)(第一個that引導的從句是定語從句,that在從句中作賓語)
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。)(同位語從句,that在句中不作任何成分)
⑷ 英語語法關於主謂賓定狀補及從句詳細講解
1、主語:說明動作的執行者,通常情況下它都在句首。
例:He went to work. (He是主語)
2、謂語:說明具體的動作,通常情況下,它都跟在主語的後面。
例:Jason is riding a bike. (is riding就是謂語)
3、賓語:具體動作詞的名詞或片語,它有直接賓語(指物)和間接賓語(指人)。
例:Give her a book. =Give a book to her. (a book是直接賓語,her是間接賓語)
4、定語:說明或是修飾名詞,如:冠詞、形容詞、形容詞性物主代詞、數詞、名詞所有格,都可作定語,它的位置不定,有前置定語和後置定語。
例:The pen on the table is mine.(on the table就是pen的後置定語)
5、狀語:說明時間、地點、原因、頻率、因果、方式的詞或片語,它可放在句尾,也可放在句首起強調作用。
例:Often, I walk around the lake after dinner. (Often是一個表頻率的狀語,放在句首起強調作用;後面的after dinner是時間狀語)
6、賓語補足語:進一步說明賓語的狀態和特徵。
例:I can make the baby laugh.(laugh就是賓語補語,說明寶寶的狀態)
7、主語補足語:補充說明主語的形態特徵。
例:The deer was caught alive.(那隻鹿被活捉,alive就是主語deer的補足語,說明這只鹿還是活的)
8、英語語法中,只有三大從句:定語從句,名詞性從句和狀語從句。
定語從句就是用一個句子充當定語,組成為先行詞+關系詞+定語從句,關系詞有:that,who,which,whom,as,whose等。
名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用,其功能相當於名詞片語, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等。
狀語從句就是句子用作狀語時,起副詞作用,其中的從句可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。
(4)英語語法結構平衡擴展閱讀
英語中五種基本句型
1、主語+謂語
一個句子為了說明一件事(或表達一種感情),最簡單的表達方式,就是「誰,怎麼樣了」。這里的「誰」,就是句子的主語,可以是人、物、某種行為等。「怎麼樣了」,就是句子的謂語,由動詞充當。主語+謂語,即構成一個最簡單的句子。例如:
I dance.
She died.
2、主語+謂語+賓語
賓語從句子表達事情的角度看,可以理解為「誰,對誰怎麼樣了」,賓語就是主語藉助一個動作(謂語)作用的一個對象。例如:
I hate him.
I dance with her.
3、主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語
謂語後面跟了兩個賓語,直接賓語,就是謂語動詞直接作用的對象,而間接賓語,是謂語需要先藉助於一個間接的對象,再把動作傳遞到直接賓語身上。例如:
I give him a book. (「給」,這個動作,最終作用的對象是「書」,但需要先通過「他」,把「給」這個動作傳遞到書)
4、主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語
賓語補足語就是用來補充說明賓語怎麼樣了。例如:
I want you to go with me. (我要你,要你干什麼呢?to go with me,即要你跟我一些走,這個部分就是賓語補足語。)
5、主語+系動詞+表語
表語是跟在系動詞後面的,感官類系動詞,其後一般接形容詞;be動詞後一般接名詞(或不定式等)。例如:
It smells good.
She is a teacher.
⑸ 初三英語語法時態結構
這個網來站http://www.cnenglish.net/6yufa/里什麼都有自啊,你自己去看看吧,很詳細的。。!!!
一般現在時的用法
一般過去時的用法
used to/be used to
一般將來時
be going to/will
be to和be going to
一般現在時表將來
用現在進行時表示將來
現在完成時
比較過去時與現在完成時
用於現在完成時的句型
比較since和for
since的四種用法
延續動詞與瞬間動詞
過去完成時
用一般過去時代替完成時
將來完成時
現在進行時
不用進行時的動詞
過去進行時
將來進行時
一般現在時代替將來時
一般現在時代替過去時
一般現在時代替完成時
一般現在時代替進行時
現在進行時代替將來時
時態一致
時態與時間狀語
⑹ 英語語法結構
這三種結構的相同點: 意思相同,都表示"眾所周知/我們大家都知道"
不同點:用法各不相同.
It is known to us all中的It為形式賓語,因此這種結構後必須接一個主語從句來作真正的主語.
這個主語從句可以是that或wh-類連詞引導的從句.即:
It is known to us all+that/what/when/where/how從句.
as is known to us all是由as引導的定語從句,
as指代後面或前面的整個主句,因此as is known to us all結構可放句首,也可放句中或句末,
但一定要用逗號與主句隔開.
what is known to us all是一個名詞性從句,常用來作主語從句,用於這個結構中:
What is known to us all is that....
例如: It is known to us all that he will visit our school tomorrow .
=As is known to us all , he will visit our school tomorrow .
=What is known to us all is that he will visit our school tomorrow .
As is known to us all, the earth goes round the sun!
=It is known to us all that the earth goes round the sun!
=What is known to us all is that the earth goes round the sun!
It is known to us all when the meeting will be held .
It is known to us all where the meeting will be held .
It is known to us all why you didn't come to school yesterday.
⑺ 英語中「句子結構平衡」是什麽意思請結合這句話分析分析,謝謝!
句子平衡是為了讓句子讀著更舒服~(個人理解)
比如你的例句~那個containing....是定語~完全可以放到definitions後面
語法上沒有問題,但是為了讀著爽點~就放到後面去了
⑻ ★英語語法
你首先把定義搞清,什麼是主語從句,什麼是定語從句。
主語從句:
1.It is strange that she did not come yesterday.
2.It is a pity that MR.Brown can't attend meeting.
這兩個句子的共同特點是that引導的主語從句進行了變形,還原1:
【That she did not come yesterday 】 is strange .
整個句子的主語,是個句子 系動詞 表語
整個句子事實上就是:... is strange .省略號部分是主語吧,是個句子吧,它就是主語從句,為什麼叫從句,因為它被包含在一個更大的叫主句的句子里。
這樣由That引導的句子可以用It替換,而自己完全平移到整個句子後面,就成了:〖It 〗is strange 【that she did not come yesterday】. 這是主語從句的另一個形態,為了平衡結構。你把下列的句子這樣做一下看看:
That MR.Brown can't attend meetingis a pity
定語從句一定是由一個THAT/WHICH/AS/WHO/WHEN引導的句子限定前面的一個名詞,代詞或者句子的。
定語從句:It happened on 〈the day〉【 that he was born】.
黑的方括弧里的的句子是限定前面尖括弧的詞的,根據漢語習慣,翻譯的時候要把that he was born提到the day的前面,意思是:「他出生的那天」。方括弧里的句子是定語從句,為什麼是從句?因為它被包含在更大的句子里。
問題:你看看主語從句里和這個定語從句里黑色方括弧的句子作用和意義一樣嗎?
PS:為了解釋清楚,必然繁瑣,語法就是這樣。耐心看兩三遍,沒有看懂,說明你你得從語感角度學英語而不是語法;看懂了,50,100你隨便加點分。不加也可。祝你學習順利!
⑼ 英語語法問題
it has been estimated that...
it 是形式主語,that 從句是真正主語。that 從句可以移到句子開頭,變為主語從句 That ...has been estimated.
what has been estimated is that...
其中的關系是what = that...。把what 和 is 去掉,也能還原成 That...has been estimated.
as has been estimated, 【estimated 後面有逗號隔開】
as 作關系代詞,引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞是整個主句,即逗號後面的句子。
例子:
It has been estimated that around a third of China's carbon emissions in 2005 were e to manufacturing exported goods. (據估計,2005年中國大約有1/3的碳排放是由於生產出口產品造成的。)
= What has been estimated is that around a third of China's carbon emissions in 2005 were e to manufacturing exported goods.
= As has been estimated, around a third of China's carbon emissions in 2005 were e to manufacturing exported goods.
= That around a third of China's carbon emissions in 2005 were e to manufacturing exported goods has been estimated. (這個結構不平衡)