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英語名詞性從句語法總結

發布時間:2021-01-25 19:23:20

1. 英語語法名詞性從句

英語中,有三大從句,名詞性,形容詞性和副詞性,名詞性包括主語從句,賓語從句,表語版從句和同位語從句權------名詞的最基本用法,有時還可以是補語從句如:she
can
name
her
baby
whatever
she
want
(
to
name
the
baby).形容詞性即定語從句,副詞性即狀語從句。
好了,我給你這些引導詞就可以啦。
具體內容可以把這些關鍵詞查找一下就會給你個完整的回應了。

2. 高中英語名詞性從句和定語從句的語法總結(詳細一點)

名詞性從句是由if, whether, that 和各種疑問詞充當連接詞所引導的從句,其功同名詞一樣。

一.主語從句
主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主語和it引導強調句的比較
It 作形式主語代替主語從句,主要是為了平衡句子結構,主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導的強調句則是對句子某一部分進行強調,無論強調的是什麼成分,都可用連詞that。被強調部分指人是也可用who/whom。
2. 用it 作形式主語的結構
(1) It is +名詞+從句
(2) it is +形容詞+從句
(3) it is +不及物動詞+從句
(4) it +過去分詞+從句
3. 主語從句不可位於句首的五種情況
(1) if 引導的主語從句不可居於復合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …結構中的主語從句不可提前。
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 結構中的主語從句不可提前。
(4) It doesn』t matter how/whether …結構中的主語從句不可提前。
(5) 含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時,主語從句不可提前。
4. What 與that 在引導主語從句時的區別
What 引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分,如主語.賓語.表語,而that 則不然。

定語從句也稱為關系從句或形容詞性從句,由關系代詞(who, whom, whose, which, that)或關系副詞(as, when, where, why)等引導。關系詞除了起引導作用外,還在從句中指代前面的先行詞,並在從句中擔任一定的成分。
一、限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句
定語從句就其與先行詞的關系而言,可分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句。限定性定語從句和先行詞之間沒有逗號,表示對先行詞起修飾限製作用;而非限定性定語從句和先行詞之間有逗號分開,是對先行詞進行補充說明,相當於並列句。如:
He is the man who has strong personality. 他是個個性很強的人。(限定性定語從句)
My brother, who works abroad, is coming next week. 我哥哥在國外工作,他下周將回來。(非限定性定語從句)
註:1. 非限定性定語從句不能用that來引導,一般用which,as或who(指人)。用which或as引導時,既可以修飾主句的部分內容,也可修飾主句的全部內容。如:
He spoke confidently, which impressed me most. (which指代整個主句,在從句中作主語)
2. as引導的非限定性定語從句既可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之後,但which或who引導的非限定性定語從句不能放在主句之前。如:
As we all know, the moon is a satellite of the earth.
The large area is covered with thick snow, which affects people's life greatly.
3. 在限定性定語從句中,關系代詞作賓語時可以省略;但在非限定性定語從句中,關系代詞作賓語時不能省略。如:
The film (which) I saw last night is about a young teacher. (which可以省去)
She introced me to her husband, whom I hadn』t met before. (whom不能省去)

二、通常只用關系代詞that,不用 which,who或whom的幾種情況
1. 當先行詞是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, few等時。如:
All that you want are here.
2. 當先行詞被all, no, some, any, every, a few, a little, much, only, very等修飾時。如:
There is no person that doesn』t make mistakes.
3. 當先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。如:
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
4. 當出現兩個或兩個以上的先行詞,並同時兼指人和物時。如:
We are talking about the people and countries that we have visited.
5. 當主句是以which 或 who 開頭的特殊疑問句時。如:
Who is the person that is standing over there?
6. 當定語從句為there be 句型時,關系代詞只能用that,但經常可以省略。如:
I know the difference (that) there is between you.
7. 當關系代詞在從句中作表語時,常用that。如:
He does not seem to be the man that he was. 他似乎和過去不一樣了。

三、as 與其他詞連用引導的定語從句
as 引導定語從句時,可指人也可指物,通常與the same,such,so等連用,形式為:the same… as,such… as,as …as,so… as。As在定語從句中可作主語、賓語、表語等。如:
She knew he felt just the same as she did. 她知道他的感覺與她自己的一樣。(as代替事,作賓語)
I lend you such books as will interest you. 我借給你使你感興趣的書。(as代替物,作主語)
註:the same… as 和the same… that的用法不同。as引導的定語從句表示其內容與主句所講的事物「相似」,指同類事物;that引導的定語從句表示其內容與主句所講的事物是「同一個」,指同一事物。如:
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 這和我昨天丟的筆一樣。(類似的筆)
This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 這支筆就是我昨天丟的那支。(同一支筆)

四、「介詞+關系代詞」引導的定語從句
在「介詞+which/whom」結構中,介詞的選擇取決於三種情況:
1.定語從句中謂語動詞或表語的搭配。如:
This is the college in which I am studying.
He is the man about whom we are talking.
2.先行詞與介詞的習慣搭配。如:
The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter. 儀表上顯示出這台機器運轉的速度。
3.當定語從句為最高級時只能用of which; 否則用其他介詞。如:
I have five dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best.
I have five dictionaries among which Longman Dictionary is published in UK.
註:不可拆分的動詞短語介詞不能提前,如put up with;有的短語可能有不同的介詞搭配,此時需要根據上下文來確定。如:be familiar with/to,compare with/to等。
有時為表意清楚,還可以在關系副詞where/ when前加介詞from, to等。如:
China is the birthplace of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. 中國是風箏的故鄉,從這里,放風箏的運動傳到了日本、韓國、泰國和印度。

3. 英語語法--名詞性從句

首先,名詞性從句中賓語從句與其他三個不同,在that;
whether
和if
等的用法上。
其次,版要搞明白做的是哪種權名詞性從句。我用的一個笨辦法是讓學生往前看:沒東西了,自然是主語從句,要不就是前面有一個形式主語it,前面是及物動詞或介詞是賓語從句,前面是系動詞是表語從句,前面是一個名詞是同位語從句。要關注引導詞的細微差別。
最後,扎實的基本知識:從句並不總是老老實實地跟在前面說的那些詞的後面,注意顛倒順序的情況和中間插入其他內容的情況。
其他的可以看語法書講解:看從句中是否缺成分,弄明白各種引導詞的用法和含義。

4. 英語中從句的語法大全

英語中六大從句用法總結
1.主語從句
1)主語從句可直接位於主語的位置,如果從句較長,謂語又較短,可用it作形式主語,而將從句放在句末。常見的句型有:
*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...
*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...
*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...
*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.
2)what引導的主語從句表示「...的東西時」,一般不用it作形式主語。
What we lack is experience.
3)what,who,when,why,whether等詞含有各自的疑問意義,但它們引導的主語從句,都用陳述語序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.
2.賓語從句
1)賓語從句可位於及物動詞、介詞和某些形容詞後。連詞that常可省略。介詞後一般接疑問詞引導的賓語從句。in that(因為),except that(除了),but that(只是)已構成固定搭配,其他介詞後一般不接that引導的賓語從句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.
2)賓語從句後如有賓補,要用形式賓語it來代替,而把賓語從句移至賓補之後。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等動詞後的賓語從句中,如果謂語是否定的,一般將否定詞移至主句謂語上,賓語從句則變成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.
3.表語從句
表語從句出現在結構為「主語+系動詞+表語從句」的句子中。表語從句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引導外,還可由because,as if(though)等引導。that常可省略。如主句主語為reason,只能用that引導表語從句,不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.
The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.
It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.
4.同位語從句
同位語從句用於對前面出現的名詞作進一步說明,一般用連詞that引導,由於先行名詞的意義不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引導。常見的先行名詞有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有時由於謂語較短,將同位語從句位於謂語之後。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.
5.定語從句
定語從句所修飾的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞,也可以是一個句子。定語從句通常位於先行詞之後,由關系代詞或關系副詞引導。
*限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句修飾先行詞,對先行詞起修飾作用,緊接先行詞之後,無逗號,若省去,原句意思不完整。引導定語從句的關系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用於指人,whose有時也可指物,相當於of which;which用於指物;that既可指人也可指物,但只用於限制性定語從句中。關系代詞除了引導定語從句,替代先行詞外,還在從句中擔任主語、賓語、定語等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.
Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.
The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.
1)當先行詞是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代詞或先行詞前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容詞最高級修飾時,只能用關系代詞that引導從句。
That is all that I've heard from him.
He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.
2)關系代詞的省略
在從句中作賓語的關系代詞常可省略。關系代詞緊跟介詞,作介詞賓語時不可用that,只可用which或whom引導從句,並且不可省略,但當介詞位於賓語從句句末時,作為介詞賓語的關系代詞仍可用that,也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.
3)引導定語從句的關系副詞有when,where,why等。關系副詞在從句中作狀語,意義上相當於一個「介詞+which」的結構。
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.
No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
5.定語從句
*非限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句既可修飾先行詞,也可修飾整個主句,起補充說明作用,與主句之間有逗號隔開,若省去,原句意思不受影響。不可用that引導非限制性定語從句。關系詞不可省略。
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
*「介詞+which\whom\whose」引導的定語從句
「介詞+which\whom\whose」可引導限制性定語從句,也可引導非限制性定語從句,該結構中介詞的選擇取決於從句謂語動詞的固定搭配,或先行詞的習慣搭配。
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.
*as引導的定語從句
as引導的定語從句主要用於「such...as」及「the same...as」的結構中,代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。as引導非限制性定語從句時,代替整個主句,從句可位於主句之前、之後或中間。
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行詞problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主語)
6.狀語從句
*時間狀語從句
引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞和片語有:
1)when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.
The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.
*地點狀語從句
引導地點狀語從句的連詞是where,wherever.
Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.
*原因、結果和目的狀語從句
1)引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有:because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。
Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.
2)引導結果狀語從句的連詞有:so...that,such...that
,so that,that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
3)引導目的狀語從句的連詞有:so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等,從句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情態動詞。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.
*條件和讓步狀語從句
1)引導條件狀語從句的連詞和片語有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
2)引導讓步狀語從句的連詞和片語有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引導狀語從句可轉換成含有as的部分倒裝結構,具有強調意義。其結構為「形容詞(副詞、動詞、名詞)+as+主語+謂語」。
No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)
Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)
*方式狀語從句
引導方式狀語從句的連詞有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引導的狀語從句中,謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣,表示與事實相反。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.
Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.

5. 高中英語名詞性從句語法

where引導的為地點狀語從句 where引導的地點狀語從句如 Where there is a will, there is a way.---有志者事竟成。 最大的特點是地點狀語從句部分屬於從屬地位,可以略去而只留主句there is a road。而定語從句需要有先行詞 這句話沒有先行詞 完整說來 這句話地點狀語從句where there was violence,加上主句drugs were always behind it這個主從復合句做saw的賓語。
A1:在where there was violence這個狀語從句中,連接詞where在從句中不做主語或者賓語而只作狀語,剩下的there was violence 是主系表 也叫主動補結構。where 和 there沒有相互制約 也就是只能用其一的規則。完全是根據句法需要來進行句子編碼(encoding)。
A2:這句話鏈接詞是where 在there was violence之前的那個where,很簡單 一個連接詞連接兩句完整句,there was violence和drugs were always behind it.是兩個完整句 主謂賓都不缺少,where作為連接詞引導地點狀語從句。

6. 英語四大名詞性從句,詳細的語法點

主語從句:主要抄對主語起修飾作用e.g.Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.
賓語從句:主要是修飾賓語的e.g.Tell your mother whether you will come home on Friday.
同謂語從句:對句中名詞做解釋說明e.g.They are investigating the question whether the man is right.
表語從句:做表語的句子e.g.The point is whether we should go there.

7. 英語各種語法的英文名稱,例如名詞性從句怎麼說

1、句式

從句clause

從屬句 subordinate clause

並列句 coordinate clause

名詞從句 nominal clause

定語從句 attributive clause

狀語從句adverbial clause

賓語從句 object clause

主語從句 subject lause

同位語從句appositive clause

時間狀語從句 adverbial clause of time

地點狀語從句 adverbial clause of place

方式狀語從句 adverbial clause of manner

讓步狀語從句 adverbial clause of concession

原因狀語從句 adverbial clause of cause

結果狀語從句 adverbial clause of result

目的狀語從句adverbial clause of purpose

條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of condition

真實條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of real condition

非真實條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of unreal condition

含蓄條件句 adverbial clause of implied condition

錯綜條件句adverbial clause of mixed condition

句子 sentence

簡單句simple sentence

並列句compound sentence

復合句 complex sentence

並列復合句 compound complex sentence

陳述句 declarative sentence

疑問句interrogative sentence

2、時態

時態tense

過去將來時past future tense

過去將來進行時 past future continuous tense

過去將來完成時 past future perfect tense

一般現在時 present simple tense

一般過去時past simple tense

一般將來時future simple tense

現在完成時 past perfect tense

過去完成時present perfect tense

將來完成時 future perfect tense

現在進行時 present continuous tense

過去進行時past continuous tense

將來進行時 future continuous tense

過去將來進行時 past future continuous tense

現在完成進行時 present perfect continuous tense

過去完成進行時 past perfect continuous tense

(7)英語名詞性從句語法總結擴展閱讀

句型結構

句子按其結構可分為簡單句、並列句和復合句。

1、簡單句

基本形式:簡單句的基本形式是由一個主語加一個謂語構成。其它各種句子形式都是由此句型發展而來,如五大基本句型:

(1)主語+謂語(s.+predicate)

這種句型簡稱為主謂結構,其謂語一般都是不及物動詞,例:Things change.事物是變化的。Nobody went.沒有人去。

(2)主語+系動詞+表語(s.+link v.+predicative)

這種句型稱為主系表結構,其實聯系動詞在形式上也是一種謂語動詞,系動詞與表語一起構成了復合謂語,例:Mr. Turner is an artist.特納先生是位畫家。

(3)主語+謂語+賓語(s.+predicate+o.)

這種句型可稱為主謂賓結構,它的謂語一般多是及物動詞,例:We never beat children.我們從來不打孩子。

(4)主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語(s.+predicate+oi.+od.)

這種句型可稱為主謂賓賓結構,其謂語應是可有雙賓語的及物動詞,兩個賓語一個是間接賓語,一個是直接賓語,例:He gave the book to his sister.他把這本書給了他的妹妹。

(5)主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語(s.+predicate+o.+o.c.)

這種句型可簡稱為主謂賓補結構,其補語是賓語補語,與賓語一起即構成復合賓語,例:I found the book easy.我發現這本書不難。(形容詞easy作補語)

注意:有時兩個或更多的並列主語擁有一個共同的謂語,甚至並列有兩個主語和兩個謂語,這樣的句子仍然是簡單句,例:China and other countries in the east Asia are developing rapidly.

中國和東亞其它國家正在迅速地發展。(China and other countries並列主語)

2、It引導結構

It 既是代詞又是引詞。作代詞時,它可做人稱代詞、指示代詞、非人稱代詞,用於前指、非確指或習語中。作引詞時,它本身無實義,只起先行引導的作用。

可作形式主語(it is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.)或形式賓語(it + adj. + to do sth.),真實的主語或賓語是不定式、動名詞或名詞從句,它們則放在後面。

It 也用於強調句結構。如想強調某個詞或部分,可用it is (was) + 強調部分(主語、賓語或狀語) + that(who)…的強調結構。本章要求了解代詞it 和引詞it 的各種用法,重點掌握it 用於前指或後指;引導詞it 用於強調結構。

3、並列句

兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用並列連詞連在一起構成的句子,叫做並列句,其基本結構是「簡單句+並列連詞+簡單句」。

並列連詞有:and, but, or, so等。並列句是由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連接而成。並列句中的各簡單句意義同等重要,相互之間沒有從屬關系,是平行並列的關系。它們之間用連詞連結。

4、復合句

復雜句(Complex Sentence)由一個主句(Principal Clause)和一個或一個以上的從句(Subordinate Clause)構成。

主句是全句的主體,通常可以獨立存在;從句則是一個句子成分,不能獨立存在。

從句不能單獨成句,但它也有主語部分和謂語部分,就像一個句子一樣。所不同在於,從句須由一個關聯詞(connective)引導。

8. 英語語法——名詞性從句

一、引導名詞性從句的連接詞
引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類:
連詞:that(無任何詞意)
whether,if(均表示「是否」表明從句內容的不確定性)
as if ,as though(均表示「好像」,「似乎」)
以上在從句中均不充當任何成分
連接代詞:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, whichever,whomever
連接副詞:when, where, how, why,how many,how much,how often
不可省略的連詞:
1. 介詞後的連詞
2. 引導主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比較:
whether與if 均為"是否"的意思。 但在下列情況下,只可用whether:
1. whether引導主語從句並在句首
2. 引導表語從句
3. whether從句作介詞賓語
4. 從句後有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分連接詞引導的主語從句都可以置於句末,用 it充當形式主語。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.

9. 高中英語名詞性從句總結 謝謝

名詞性從句的功能相當於名詞片語, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。一、引導名詞性從句的連接詞分類 引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類: 連詞(5個):that (賓語從句或表語從句中that有時可以省略) whether,if (均表示「是否」表明從句內容的不確定性) as if ,as though (均表示「好像」,「似乎」) 以上在從句中均不充當任何成分 連接代詞(9個):what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever 連接副詞(7個):when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 不可省略的連詞: 1. 介詞後的連詞 2. 引導主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. 比較 whether與if 均為"是否"的意思。 但在下列情況下,只可用whether: 1. whether引導主語從句並在句首 2. 引導表語從句 3. whether從句作介詞賓語 4. 常與 "or not" 連用;if 則不可。 5. 引導同位語從句 Whether he will come is not clear. 大部分連接詞引導的主語從句都可以置於句末,用 it充當形式主語。 It is not important who will go. It is still unknown which team will win the match. 二. 主語從句 作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that,whether,if,as if和because等連接代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever,whom等以及連接副詞how,when,where,why等詞引導。that在句中無詞義,只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用,在從句中充當從句的成分。because引導表語從句。註:whom、who指人,what指物,whatever,whoever表示泛指意義。例如: What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什麼,還不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語晚會將在哪裡舉行,還沒有宣布。 有時為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放於句首,而把主語從句置於句末。主語從句後的謂語動詞一般用單數形式。常用句型如下: (1) It + be + 名詞 + that從句 (2)It + be + 形容詞 + that從句 (3)It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句 (4)It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句 另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時,謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣「(should) +do」,常用的句型有: It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that… 三、賓語從句 名詞從句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。 1. 由連接詞that引導的賓語從句 由連接詞that引導賓語從句時,that在句中不擔任任何成分,在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如從句是並列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如: He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經告訴我他明天要去上海。 We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我們決不能認為自己什麼都好,別人什麼都不好。 注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞後,賓語從句常用「(should)+ 動詞原形」。例如: I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作。 The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊馬上出發。 2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關聯詞引導的賓語從句相當於特殊疑問句,應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如: I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什麼。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。 She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人,她都會給予熱情的支持。 3. 用whether或if引導的賓語從句,其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒,仍保持陳述句語序。此外,whether與if 在作「是否」的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if: a. 引導主語從句並在句首時;b. 引導表語從句時;c . 引導從句作介詞賓語時;d. 從句後有「or not」時;e. 後接動詞不定式時。例如: Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。 I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他來還是不來。 Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留? 4. 注意賓語從句中的時態呼應,當主句動詞是現在時,從句根據自身的句子情況,而使用 不同時態。例如: I know (that) he studies English every day. (從句用一般現在時) I know (that) he studied English last term. (從句用一般過去時) I know (that) he will study English next year. (從句用一般將來時) I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. (從句用現在完成時) 當主句動詞是過去時態(could, would除外),從句則要用相應的過去時態,如一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時等;當從句表示的是客觀真理,科學原理,自然現象,則從句仍用現在時態。例如: The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America. 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中,要把上述主句中的動詞變為否定式。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如: We don』t think you are here. 我們認為你不在這。 I don』t believe he will do so. 我相信他不會這樣做。 四、表語從句 在復合句中,位於系動詞之後作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞大致一樣,表語從句位於連系動詞後,有時用as if引導。其基本結構為:主語 + 系動詞 + that從句。例如: The fact is that we have lost the game. 事實是我們已經輸了這場比賽。 That』s just what I want. 這正是我想要的。 This is where our problem lies. 這就是我們的問題所在。 That is why he didn』t come to the meeting. 那就是他為什麼不到會的原因。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。 需要注意的,當主語是reason時,表語從句要用that引導而不是because。例如: The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning . 【注意】whether 可引導表語從句,但與之同義的if卻通常不用於引導表語從句。 五、同位語從句 同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內容。同位語從句通常由that引導,可用於同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如: The news that we won the game is exciting. 我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。 I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什麼時候回來。 The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能瑪麗生病了。 同位語從句和定語從句的區別: that作為關系代詞,可以引導定語從句,充當句子成分,在從句中作賓語時可以省略; that引導同位語從句時,起連詞的作用,沒有實際意義,不充當句子成分,一般不能省略。 試比較下面兩個例句: I had no idea that you were here.(that引導同位語從句,不能省略) Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引導定語從句,作賓語,可以省略) 六、名詞性that-從句 (1)由從屬連詞that引導的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用,在從句中不擔任任何成分,本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當主 語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語,例如: 主語:That she is still alive is her luck. 她還活著全靠運氣。 賓語:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。 表語:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事實是近來誰也沒有見過他。 同位語:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近來誰也沒有見過他,這一事實令辦公室所有的人不安。 形容詞賓語:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你對工作滿意我感到很高興。 2)That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞,而將that-從句置於句末,例如: It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整個計劃註定要失敗。 It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。 用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關系: a. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句 It is necessary that… 有必要…… It is important that… 重要的是…… It is obvious that… 很明顯…… b. It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句 It is believed that… 人們相信…… It is known to all that… 眾所周知…… It has been decided that… 已決定…… c. It + be +名詞+ that-從句 It is common knowledge that… ……是常識 It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是…… It is a fact that… 事實是…… d. It +不及物動詞+ that-從句 It appears that… 似乎…… It happens that… 碰巧…… It occurred to me that… 我突然想起…… 七、名詞性wh-從句 1)由wh-詞引導的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外,還可充當介詞賓語、賓語補語和間接賓語等,例如: 主語: How the book will sell depends on its author. 書銷售如何取決於作者本人。 直接賓語:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家裡可以隨心所欲。 間接賓語:The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱樂部將給得勝者設獎。 表語: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的問題是誰將接任該基金會主席職位。 賓語補足語:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高興給他起什麼名字就取什麼名字。 同位語: I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什麼時候回來。 形容詞賓語:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她為什麼拒絕他們的邀請。 介詞賓語: That depends on where we shall go. 那取決於我們去哪兒。 2)Wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語,而將wh-從句置於句末,例如: It is not yet decided who will do that job. 還沒決定誰做這項工作。 It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他們何時結婚依然不明。 八、if, whether引導的名詞從句 1)yes-no型疑問從句 從屬連詞if, whether引導的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉化而來的,因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句,其功能和wh-從句的功能相同, 例如: 主語:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 這一計劃是否可行還有待證實。 賓語:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。 表語:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 問題在於我們是否應該借錢給他。 同位語:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他們調查他是否值得信賴。 形容詞賓語: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。 介詞賓語: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我擔心他是否能度過疾病的危險期。 2)選擇性疑問從句 選擇性疑問從句由關聯詞if/whether…or或whether…or not構成,例如: Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 請告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。 I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計劃。 if和whether的區別: 1、 在動詞不定式之前只能用whether 。如: 例8 I can』t decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。 2、 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如: 例9 I want to know whether it』s good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。 3 、在介詞後,只能用whether。如: 例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父親擔心是否會失去工作。 4、賓語從句放在句首表示強調時,只能用whether 。如: Whether this is true or not, I really don』t know. 這是否真的,我真的不知道。 (例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他們是否能准時完成這項工作還是個問題。--此例為主語從句,有誤,感謝指出) 5、用if會引起歧義時,只用whether。如: 例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ? 這句話有兩種意思:「你能告訴我是否知道答案嗎?」或「如果你知道答案,請告訴我,好嗎?」。如用whether可避免歧義. 九、否定轉移 1) 將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動詞後面賓語從句的否定詞轉移到主句中,即主句的謂語動詞用否定式,而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。 I don't think I know you. 我想我並不認識你。 I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回來。 注意:若謂語動詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉移。 I hope you weren't ill. 我想你沒有生病吧。 2) 將seem, appear 等後的從句的否定轉移到前面。 It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看來他們不知道往哪去。 It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看來我們明天不會碰上好天氣。 3) 有時將動名詞,介詞短語或整個從句的否定轉變為對謂語動詞的否定。 I don't remember having ever seen such a man. 我記得從未見過這樣一個人。 (not否定動名詞短語 having…) It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在這里,人們不會想到在街上會碰上陌生的人。 (anyone 作主語,從句中的謂語動詞不能用否定形式。) 4) 有時狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉移到謂語動詞前。 The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定狀語) 螞蟻不只是為自己採食。 He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because狀語) 他並不因亞里斯多德說過如何如何,就輕信此事。 She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. (否定狀語many weeks) 她結婚還不到幾個星期,這個人的弟弟就看見她了,並對她的美貌著了迷。

10. 英語名詞性從句的語法知識

你這個問題太寬泛。只能選擇部分回答。

有時因意思表達的需要,要用一個從句在句子中作主語、賓語、表語或同位語,稱為名詞性從句(包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)。名詞性從句作為一個整體,本身在整個句子中起一個名詞的作用;同時既是從句,就從句內來說,也有主、謂成份。當然,從句要有引導詞。

引導詞的基本含義及用法
對於引導詞要注意兩點:a. 本身所含的意思,b. 其在從句中所充當的句子成分。據此,可以分成幾類(這是我自己的辦法,要比別的辦法管用)
①that
②whether/if, because, as if/though
③when, how, where, why, whenever, wherever, however
④what, which, who, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever
⑤what, whatever, which, whichever, whose
1.That 既無意義,也不在句子中擔任成分。
可以說只是一個「標志」,標明所跟的是一個從句而已。
That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.
2.Whether/if, because, as if 本身有意義,但在從句中不擔任成分。
Whether/if --「是否」;because—「因為」;as if—「似乎」
She hesitated whether she should take our advice.
All this was over twenty years ago, but it』s as if it was only yesterday.
It is because you don』t have confidence.
3.When, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 本身有意義,且在從句中擔任狀語。
When--「。。。的時間」或「何時」;whenever—「無論何時」,作時間狀語
Where—「。。。的地點」或「何地」;wherever—「無論何地」,作地點狀語。
Why--「。。。的原因」或「為什麼」,作原因狀語。
How--「。。。的方式」或「怎樣」;however—「無論怎樣」,作方式狀語。
When we shall have our sports meet is still a question.
This is where our basic interest lies.
I don』t know why he is absent.
How the prisoner escaped was a complete mystery.
4.What, which, who, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever本身有意義,且在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。
What—「。。。的(東西、事情。。。)」或「什麼」,whatever—「無論什麼」,在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。
Which—「哪一個/些」,whichever—「無論哪一個/些」,在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。
Who—「誰」,whoever—「無論誰」,在從句中作主語、表語,有時也可代whom,whomever作賓語。
Whom—「誰」,whomever「無論誰」(罕用),在從句中作賓語。
She is sorry for what she said. (她所說的話)(what無疑問含義)
I don』t know what will happen next. (將發生什麼事)(what有疑問含義)
I don't know which of us was the more scared. (我們中的哪一個更害怕)
They never found out who the murderer was. (謀殺者是誰)
He asked whom I'd told about his having been away. (關於他外出我告訴了誰)
He's good at whatever he is does. (他做無論什麼事)
5.What, whatever, which, whichever, whose本身有意義,且在從句中作定語
What—「什麼(樣的)」,whatever— 「無論什麼(樣的)。作定語。
Which—「哪個/些」,whichever—「無論哪個/些」。作定語。
Whose—「誰的」,在從句中作定語。
I wanted to know which school it was you went to. (那個學校)
I didn't know what college I wanted to go to. (什麼大學)
I can't remember whose idea it was for us to meet again. (誰的主意)
Whatever doubts he might have had about Ingrid were all over now. (無論什麼懷疑)
Learn to relax by whichever method suits you best. (無論什麼方法)

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