㈠ 高一英語主要涉及到哪些語法
首先，我送你一個語法網站，看樣子你語法有待加強啊！！
被動語態
英語中的被動語態使用得比漢語要多，要普遍，許多課本乃至實際應用中都常常涉及到這個問題。一般說來，當強調動作承受者，不必說出執行者或含糊不清的執行者時，多用被動式。須注意的是，許多地方與漢語不同。注意那些漢語中沒有"被……"的意思，英語卻應該用被動態。還要注意，英語的被動態往往由"by"引出，而有用介詞"by"的短語往往又不是被動態，而是系表結構。還有些特殊現象，如：known to man(人類......所知)，on foot步行(美國人有時用by foot)，in carraige(乘四輪馬車)等等。還有假主動，真被動的十幾個常用詞的用法，以及so heavy to carry而不用so heavy to be carried 等習慣用法。有關這類情況，做到心中有數對全面掌握被動態，准確無誤地解答習題非常關鍵，被動態必須涉及的是動詞的各種時態變化的問題。英語的時態本來很復雜，怎樣記住各自的被動形式呢? 首先要明確"將來進行無被動，現在完成進行
同"。這兩種時態無被動形式。
另外，不及物動詞帶有同源賓語的動詞，反身代詞的動詞和系動詞都無被動形式。即便如此，還有不定式，動名詞，分詞，以及它們的復合結構)的被動態，再加上情態動詞，助動詞以及它們的疑問式和否定式從中摻雜，真是令人頭痛，眼花繚亂。下面口訣就以動詞do為例，即do did過去式done過去分詞，以口訣形式總結各種時態的被動態，一定對你有所啟示。
被動語態（一般現在時）
主動語態變被動語態時，主動語態句中的賓語變成被動語態句中的主語，主動語態句中的主語成為被動語態句中的動作的發出者。
被動語態的口訣
一般現、過用be done，be有人稱、時、數變。
完成時態have(has) done，被動將been加中間。
一般將來shall (will) do，被動變do為be done。
將來進行無被動，shall (will) be doing,
現在完成進行同，have (has) been doing。
現、過進行be doing, 被動be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語變。
否定助後加not，疑問一助置主前。
主語恰是疑問詞，直陳語序主在前。
一般情助加be done，雙賓多將間賓變。
復合賓語賓變主，賓補、主補相應變。
第二句"be有人稱、時、數變"即be有人稱、時態和單、復數的變化。"情助"是指情態動詞和助動詞must，may，can，shall，will等一律隨新主語(多是主動句中的賓語)來變化。"疑問一助置主前"是說有兩個助動詞的話，應把主語放在第一助動詞之後或把第一助動詞置於主語之前。下面詳細舉例說明之。
一般現、過用be done, be有人稱、時、數變
例：1、主動：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.
被動：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.
孩子們熱烈地歡迎外賓。
2、主動：People regard him as brilliant.
被動：He is regarded as brilliant by people.
人們認為他很有才華。
以上兩例都是一般時態用be done的例子，be有人稱、時、數變，第三人稱foreign friends是復數，時態一般過去時，所以"be done"就是were given，而People regard him as brilliant一句，被動後的"be done"就變成單數第三人稱is regarded的形式了。
被動：
This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般過去時的被動態)
這篇講演是王的發言。
There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.
邊境發生嚴重列車事故，兩人死亡，十二人受傷。
A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow. 直言不諱的人才是真正誠實的人。
A note was passed up to the speaker. 有人給講演者遞上來一張紙條。
John was elected president of the class instead of Harry. 喬治被選為班長而代替了亨利。
Volcanoes are described as active, dormant or extinct. 火山被描述為活的，沉睡著的，或者死的。
The soldier was killed, but the train was saved. 這位戰士犧牲了，然而列車得救了。
He was thought to be clever but dishonest. 他被認為很聰明但不誠實。（別人認為他很聰明但不誠實）
The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874. 美國的第一個動物園是1874年建立的。
Families were often broken up; wives were taken away from their husbands and children from their parents.
家庭被拆散，妻兒被奪走。
The information is urgently needed. 急需這個資料。
Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them were not taken in the past. 多數環境污染問題的存在，是因為過去沒有採取適當的保護措施。
完成時態have done，被動將been加中間。
(過去完成時had done也包括在內)。
例：1、主動：We have studied English for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school.
被動：English has been studied for 3 by us years off and on at the spare-time school. (have隨新主語變為has)
我們已經在夜校里斷斷續續地學了三年英語了。
2、主動: They had proced 100 tractors by the end of last year.
被動: 100 tractors had been proced by the end of last year.
到去年年底我們已生產出一百台拖拉機。
3、主動：They have set up a power station in their home town.
被動：A power station has been set up in their home town.
他們的家鄉建立了一座發電站。
4、主動：They have warned us to be careful of rats.
被動：We have been warned to be careful of rats.
他們已提醒我們要注意老鼠。
5、主動：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.
被動: Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.
人們把裝滿垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。
6、主動：We have used nuclear energy to proce electricity.
被動：Nuclear energy has been used to proce electricity.
核能已用來發電。
7、主動：No one has ever beaten him at tennis.
被動：He has never been beaten at tennis.
就網球來說還沒有人是他的對手。
(No one涉及到全否定和部分否定問題，見否定一講)
The person who owns the gun may try to deny that he has used it. But anyone seeing the smoke knows the gun has just been fired.
有槍的人會極力否認他開了槍。但是任何看到槍煙(槍冒的煙)的人都會知道剛才開了槍。
Today is Cilia's wedding day, she has just been married to Danel.
今天是西麗亞的新婚日，她剛剛和丹尼爾結婚。
The subjects of these lectures have been announced by the lecture committee.
演講委員會已宣布了這些講演的題目。
過去完成時也是一樣：
主動: Somebody had cleaned my shoes.
被動: My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.
有人早已把我的鞋子擦了。
When I returned I found that they had towed (toud) my car away, I asked why they had done this and they told me that id was because I had parked it under a "No Parking Sign".
被動：my car had been towed away. I asked why this had been done and told that ... it had been parked under a "No Parking Sign".
當我回來時，發現我的車被弄走了。我問他們為啥這么於。他們告訴我說因為我把車於停在"禁止停車"的禁區。
主動：They had build three ships by last December.
被動： By last December three ships had been built by them.
到去年年底他們已建造了三艘船。
Research had been centred on the improvement of natural building materials before synthetics were created.
合成材料造出之前，研究工作集中在改進天然建築材料上。
He did not say if all those steel pipes had been examined.
他並沒有說那些鋼管都檢驗過沒有。
After plastic had been created, engineers were given a much wide choice of materials.
塑料發明之後，工程師們在材料選擇上有了更廣闊的途徑。
一般將來shall (will) do，被動變do為be done
即由shall do或will do變為shall done或will be done。
例：主動: We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year.
被動：Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.
過年我市將建立幾座大型現代化的發電廠。
(shall do中的shall要隨新主語變為will, do為be done.)
主動：I shall send my second boy to school next September.
被動：My second boy will be sent to school next September.
過年九月我將送我次子去讀書。
㈡ 請問高一英語要學哪些語法啊，請盡可能詳細的說
（1）表語從句
1． 定義：用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。
2． 構成：關聯詞+簡單句
3． 引導表語從句的關聯詞的種類：
(1) 從屬連詞that。如：
The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。
(2) 從屬連詞whether, as, as if。如：
He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起來還與十年前一樣。
The question is whether they will be able to help us. 問題是他們是否能幫我們。
註：從屬連詞if一般不用來引導表語從句，但as if卻可引導表語從句，如：
All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday.
這都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一樣。
能跟表語從句的謂語動詞一般為系動詞be, seem, look等。如：
It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起來天要下雨了。
(3)連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
連接副詞 where, when, how, why。
如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。
The question is how he did it. 問題是他是如何做此事的。
That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了閣樓乾的。
㈢ 高一英語語法有哪些
一。動詞 ：
1.現在進行時表將來時間
2.被動語態 （1一般將來時的被動語態的構版成，2現在權完成時的，3現在進行時的）
二: 直接引語和間接引語：
1.陳述句 （1人稱的變化，2時態的變化，3指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化)
2.疑問句
3.祈使句
三: 定語從句：
1.由關系代詞引導的定語從句
2.由關系副詞引導
3.限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
高一(下)語法項目:
一: 情態動詞 （1 can;could 2 may;might 3.must;have to 4 shall;should 5will;would 6 ought 7.had better)
二：動詞-ing形式
三: 主語和謂語一致
四：it的用法 （1 用作人稱代詞 2 非人稱代詞 3 作形式主語或形式賓語 4 用於強調句中）
五：構詞法 （1.合成 2.轉換 3.派生）
㈣ 高中的英語需要學習那些語法
名詞，冠詞，代來詞，介詞及介詞短語自，連詞，形容詞，副詞，動詞及動詞短語，動詞的時態（一般現在時，一般過去時，一般將來時，現在進行時，過去進行時，現在完成時，過去完成時，其他時態（現在完成進行時，過去將來時，將來完成時，將來進行時））語態（主動，被動）。情態動詞，虛擬語氣，非謂語動詞（動詞不定式to，現在分詞或動名詞doing，過去分詞）及非謂語動詞在句中作不同成分。從句（名詞性從句，定語從句，狀語從句），主謂一致，特殊句式（強調，倒裝，省略，替代，反意疑問句）等。英語課本每一單元語法部分都有涉及。
㈤ 高中英語語法需要掌握哪些
高考題單選第一題一般都是選冠詞，除去部分詞彙和短語的選擇外，高中階內段一定有掌握的語法有：容定語從句，虛擬語氣，主謂一致，非謂語動詞，名詞性從句，時態語態，倒裝結構。還可以看看強調句，It的用法之類的，要注意對比。語法不用死記硬背規律，每個點記幾個典型的例句就好，一般高考會比較喜歡出語法點里的特殊部分，要注意。作為高考的過來人，現學習英語專業，覺得這些很重要，高考肯定會考的。
但是，就目前來說，高考英語越來越簡單了。以前會考規則外的特殊部分，現在只考規則內的東西。但高考改革後就不好說了。
㈥ 高中英語應該掌握的語法和哪些知識
高中英語有十五個語法點一：名詞和冠詞，考點有名詞的可數與不可數，名詞的格，名詞作定語，冠詞的考點是，定冠詞與不定冠詞，零冠詞。二：代詞和it的用法，一般常考的是other，another，the other，others的區別，both，either，neither，all，every，each，none的區別，還有something，anything，everything的用法（這個比較簡單）這一塊最難的應該是it，that，one作代詞時的區別了三：介詞和連詞，一般考動詞的固定搭配，in，at，for，to，of，on，with，about，from，into，after···常用介詞。連詞最常考得應該是「除此之外」了，expect，expect for，besides，還有表原因的連詞；as，for，since，because的區別四：形容詞和副詞，這一塊比較簡單最常考的就是比較級了，其次是以ly結尾但不是副詞的詞了，比如說friendly是形容詞，形容詞的排序問題在今年的高考中也出現了，不過這個是基礎但不是重點五：動詞和動詞短語，這個考點是重點，在完形填空及改錯和單選中是必考的，這個只能靠你自己的積累，課本中的動詞短語是重點，必須記下來六：情態動詞和虛擬語氣，常見的情態動詞就夠應付考試了，虛擬語氣是高中語法的難點但不是重點七：動詞的時態和語態（就是主動句和被動句）時態有一般現在時，一般過去時，現在進行時，過去進行時，一般將來時，現在進行表將來，一般現在表將來，過去將來時（一般不考），現在完成時，過去完成時，現在完成進行時（現在很常考）。八：非謂語動詞，動名詞作主語，不定式作主語，動名詞作賓語，不定式作賓語，動名詞作定語，不定式做定語，這一塊也比較簡單九：數詞和主謂一致，數詞的考點；基數詞，序數詞，分數，百分數,（這一塊既不是難點也不是重點），主謂一致在以前比較重要，現在地位有所下降十：簡單句和並列句，這一塊很簡單十一：定語從句，這可是重點，不過只要上課認真聽，這一塊其實不難理解十二：名詞性從句，常和定語從句進行比較區別，尤其是what和that的區別十三：狀語從句，時間地點狀語從句，原因狀語從句，結果狀語從句，方式狀語從句，目的狀語從句，有一個問題可以總結以上三個從句十四：省略，倒裝和強調。比較常考的是，部分倒裝和全部不倒裝，這一塊就這一個重點十五：交際英語，也就是口語，這一部分現在很火，每年必考，這個只有靠自己總結。以上就是十五道選擇題的來源，當然，不是哪個都會考得，你只要學會以上十五個考點，在高考時絕對沒問題謝謝採納！
高中英語語法
組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。英語句子成分有主語，謂語，表語，賓語，賓語補足語，定語，狀語等。
順序一般是主語，謂語，賓語，賓語補足語，而表語，定語，狀語的位置要根據情況而定。
1、主語
主語表示句子主要說明的人或事物，一般由名詞，代詞，數詞，不定式等充當。
Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜歡看電視。
2、謂語
謂語說明主語的動作，狀態或特徵。
1)，簡單謂語
由動詞(或短語動詞)構成。
可以有不同的時態，語態和語氣。
Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我們為人民學習。
2)，復合謂語：情態動詞＋不定式
Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以說一點英語。
3、表語
表語是謂語的一部分，它位於系動詞如be之後，說明主語身份，特徵，屬性或狀態。一般由名詞，代詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，介詞短語等充當。
Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是護士。
4、賓語
賓語表示動作行為的對象，跟在及物動詞之後，能作賓語的有名詞，代詞，數詞，動詞不定式等。
WelikeEng'lish.我們喜歡英語。
有些及物動詞可以帶兩個賓語，往往一個指人，一個指物，指人的叫間接賓語，指物的叫直接賓語。
Hegavemesom'eink.他給了我一點墨水。
有些及物動詞的賓語後面還需要有一個補足語，意思才完整，賓語和它的補足語構成復合賓語。如：
Wemakehimourmon'itor.我們選他當班長。
5、定語
在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語。
用作定語的主要是形容詞，代詞，數詞，名詞，副詞，動詞不定式，介詞短語等。形容詞，代詞，數詞，名詞等作定語時，通常放在被修飾的詞前面。
Heisanewstu'dent.他是個新生。
但副詞，動詞不定式，介詞短語等作定語時，則放在被修飾的詞之後。
Thebikeintheroomismine.房間里的自行車是我的。
6、狀語
修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句的句子成分，叫做狀語。用作狀語的通常是副詞，介詞短語，不定式和從句等。狀語一般放在被修飾的詞之後或放在句尾。副詞作狀語時可放在被修飾的詞前或句首。
HelivesinLon'don.他住在倫敦。
7.補語用來說明賓語或主語所處的狀態或正在進行的動作，因為英語中有些動詞加賓語後意思仍然不完整，如：make(使...),ask(請)等等。如果我們說：我們使我們的祖國。這不是一句完整的話。應該說：我們使我們的祖國更美麗。這是的「美麗的（beautiful)」為形容詞做補語，說明祖國的狀態。英語句子為:We will make our country more beautiful.作補語的詞或片語為：形容詞，副詞，名詞，不定式，ing形式，數詞等。
句子的類型：
1.主語+謂語
2.主語+謂語+狀語
3.主語+謂語+賓語
4.主語+系動詞+表語
5.主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語
6.主語+謂語+直接賓語+間接賓語
7.主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語
㈦ 高一英語比較重要的語法有哪些
先行詞在定語從句中充當主語，賓語，時間，地點，原因狀語。結構：先行詞+關系詞+定語從句。1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.(二)定語從句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句：限定性定語從句：從句對先行詞進行必要的描述或說明，缺少它，則句義顯得不完整，從句與先行詞緊密相連。非限定性定語從句：對先行詞進行補充說明，解釋，它與先行詞之間有逗號隔開。1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.(三)關系詞前面可以根據定語從句的內容加上一些介詞，這些關系詞在介詞後面常用which 或whom.1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.知識重點與難點(一)當先行詞有最高級，序數詞修飾，是不定代詞，或是all, no, only等形式時，關系代詞一般用that，而不能用which。1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.(二)當先行詞是表示時間，地點，原因的詞時，關系詞用when, where, why 還有which, that1. I』m very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.3. I think I can understand the reason why he didn』t tell the truth to me.4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.(三)定語從句的簡化表達：1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question that is being discussed is very important.4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.說明：以上的定語從句部分可以用更加簡單的非謂語形式表達出來：1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question being discussed is very important.4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.說明：修飾一個名詞除了後面用定語從句以外，還可以用非謂語動詞形式：doing短語，done短語，being done短語，to be done短語修飾。其結構和意思如下：1. 被修飾名詞+doing短語： 正在做….的人/正在發生的事。2. 被修飾名詞+ done短語： 被…..的人/事3. 被修飾名詞+being done短語：正在被…..的人/事4. 被修飾名詞+ to be done短語：將要被…..的人/事(1)Do you know the man talking to my sister ?(2)The 「crazy」 gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means 「you have a phone call」 in Brazil.(3)Did you see that car being repaired ?(4)In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.(5)The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.(6)Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.(7)The Yellow River, said to be 「the mother river」 runs across China like a huge dragon.總結：以上做定語的那些短語就是英語語法中所說的分詞，不定式的各種形式作定語。1. 這些短語作定語應放在被修飾名詞的後面。如果單獨一個V-ing或V-ed形式作定語，則可以放在被修飾名詞前面。2. 分詞作定語時，其動作應與全句動作同時發生。V-ing表示主動意義和正在做，V-ed表示被動意義。being done表示正在被做的3. 不定式作定語表示將要發生的，to be done表示將要被做的【典型例題】[例1] Friendship is needed by all, _____ plays an important role in people』s lives.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. it分析：_____ plays an important role in people』s lives為非限定性定語從句修飾先行詞Friendship用which連接定語從句。答案：A[例2] Uncle Li _____ I worked three years ago has retired now.A. whoB. whom C. with whomD. to whom分析：_____ I worked three years ago作為定語從句修飾先行詞Uncle Li，從句完整的表達是：I worked with Uncle Li three years ago. 所以關系詞前應加上介詞with。答案：C[例3] Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ?A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explainedD. why he explained分析：定語從句_____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work修飾先行詞the reason指「他在會上就他工作中的粗心解釋的原因。先行詞在從句中做賓語。答案：A[例4] Teachers, _____ work is rather hard, are being better paid than before.A. who B. that C. whichD. whose分析：非限定性定語從句_____ work is rather hard修飾先行詞teachers, 它與從句中的work是從屬關系，關系詞用whose答案：D[例5 ] The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 BC, didn』t included women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing分析：公元前776年被首次舉行的奧運會，直到1912年才容納女運動員。_____in 776 BC做定語修飾The Olympic Games，指過去的內容，表示被動。用done做定語。答案：C[例6] The houses _____ for the teachers and the construction work will start soon.A. built B. to be built C. to buildD. being built分析：根據句意房子即將開工。_____ for the teachers and the construction work修飾The houses應為The houses The houses將要為教師和施工修建的房子。答案：B[例7] How many of us_____, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?A. attendedB. attendingC. to attendD. have attended分析：根據句意：比如說，我們當中參加一個對我們毫不重要的會議的人會有多少人對這個討論感興趣呢?_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us修飾How many of us做定語。與全句動作同步.答案：B[例8] She has three children, _____ is working in Australia.A. whoB. one of whom C. one of them D. none of them分析：非限定性定語從句__ is working in Australia修飾先行詞three children，根據從句中的is判斷，是說：三個孩子中的一個在澳大利亞工作。答案：B【模擬試題】1. Susan is the very girl _____ the good deed.A. whom I think didB. whom I think she didC. who I think didD. I think who did2. Luckily, the poor boy had enough money _____ he could buy a train ticket.A. by whichB. on whichC. with whichD. for which3. The book _____ he devoted much time is to come out next month.A. whereB. whichC. to whichD. on which4. The day came finally _____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play.A. whenB. in that C. whichD. in which5. 1. Don』t you think the question _____ tomorrow is of great importance.A. being discussedB. discussedC. to be discussedD. to discuss6. The food _____ at the moment is for the dinner party.A. cookedB. to be cooked C. is being cookedD. being cooked7. Do you know the teacher _____ under the big tree ?A. readB. readsC. readingD. being read【試題答案】1. C Susan 正是我認為作了好事的那位女孩。先行詞the very girl在從句中做think的賓語，同時又是後面賓語從句did the good deed.的主語，所以關系詞不能用whom2. C 定語從句_____ he could buy a train ticket.修飾先行詞money：用這筆錢買火車票。關系詞前面需要加介詞：with3. C定語從句_____ he devoted much time意思是：他把大量的時間都投入在這本書上了。devote….to sth.關系詞前加介詞：to4. A 定語從句_____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play修飾先行詞the day ：先行詞the day在從句中做時間狀語：在這一天我得到了扮演一個角色的機會。5. C 短語_____ tomorrow做定語修飾the question，根據表達的內容：明天即將被討論的問題。應當用不定式的被動結構做定語。6. D 短語_____ at the moment做the food的定語,表示：正在做的食物。Being done 做定語表示：正在被……的……。7. C 現在分詞短語reading under the big tree做定語修飾the teacher 表示：正在大樹下看書的那位老師。情態動詞1. 情態動詞的推測表達2. 情態動詞表達虛擬語氣3. 某些情態動詞的特殊用法知識重點與難點總結知識重點：情態動詞在表達推測意義的句子中的運用：(一)用情態動詞表達事實的推測。can，could，might，may，must可以用來表達對事實的推測。根據說話人對事實的把握性大小，must表示「肯定…」，may / might / can / could表示「可能……」， must只用於肯定句中，may / might的否定式may not / might not表示 「可能不……」, 而can / could可以用於疑問句，表示「可能，可能……嗎?」，其否定式can』t / couldn』t 表示「不可能」。用情態動詞可以對現在或過去的事實進行推測。對不同的時間內容推測有不同的結構。(二)對現在的事實進行推測：主要結構：…must / may / might +動詞原形be+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語be + doing例句：1. You must be Jeanne. I』m Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well.2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night.3. The teacher must be joking.4. Freda isn』t in class. She must be sick.5. There must be something wrong.6. She might be very clever, but she hasn』t got much common sense.7. He may be arriving this evening.8. He may be traveling around the world.9. The keys can』t be in the room. I have just searched it very carefully.10. Can the news be true ?(三)對過去的事實進行推測：結構：情態動詞+have done / been+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語例句：1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.2. He couldn』t have seen Anna yesterday. She』s gone abroad.3. I think I must have left my glasses in the library.4. He might have overslept again.5. Where can Tom have gone ?情態動詞表達虛擬語氣：表達「本來…」，「不然早就…」。這是情態動詞的一種虛擬語氣用法。表示說話人所講的與所發生的事實相反。表達了說話人的埋怨，後悔的語氣。其結構是在一些情態動詞後面加 have done 結構。根據要表達的意思，有如下結構：should have done / ought to have done：本應該……shouldn』t have done / oughtn』t to have done：本不該……could have done：本來可以……needn』t have done：本來沒必要……would like to have done：本來很想……would rather not have done: 本來不願意……could / might / have done: 不然早就……例句：1. You shouldn』t have laughed at his mistakes.2. You could have told us earlier.3. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week.4. You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels.5. We need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train.6. They would like to have seen that film last film.7. If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him.8. They might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.知識難點：某些情態動詞的特殊用法：need 和dare 的兩種形式的用法need 和dare可以用做實義動詞，後面接不定式(to do)結構，在疑問句和否定句中，加助動詞do/does/did/或don』t/doesn』t/didn』t。作為情態動詞使用時，主要用於疑問句和否定句中。情態動詞needn』t(沒有必要，不必)相當於don』t have to例句：1. It is cold, you need to wear some warm clothes.2. Need I stay here with you for a while ? Thank you, you needn』t.3. How dare you speak to parents like that ?注意：句型I dare say+從句。 意思是：我肯定…… = I』m sure或There is no doubt that+從句。例句：I dare say that my uncle will get the money if I die.will和would表示「意志」或「願意」，would 則指過去願意做……例句：1. He said that he would help us.2. You may telephone if you will accept this job.would可以表達「過去習慣做……」類似於「used to do」例句：1. When we were children, we would go swimming every summer in that river.表示請求，固定的句型：Will/Would you please do…? / Would you like to do…?例句：Will/Would you please give him a message when you see him ?shall1. 用於第一，三人稱，表示「請求」;「建議」 或「推薦」例句：1. Shall we start the meeting now?2. Shall I watch TV now ?3. Shall my son carry the case for you ?2. 用於第二人稱，表示「命令，「要求」，「許諾」例句：1. You shall take whatever you like.2. You shall not go to the party with me if you make so much noise again.在表示推測的否定句或疑問句中，常用can /can』t /could / couldn』t表示，意思是：「可能…嗎?」;「…不可能…」。而不能使用mustn』t或must等詞。【典型例題】1. —Do you think he will do me a favor ?—As far as I know, he is the last one to help others. He _____ be prepared to give you a hand, though.A. mightB. must C. canD. should分析：本題考查情態動詞推測性用法。 根據he is the last one to help others.(他是最不可能幫助別人的人)，既然如此，那麼「幫助你」的可能性也就最小了。答案為A2. —Look, someone is coming. Guess who it ____ be ?—I think it ___ be Tom.—I don』t think it ___ be ____ .A. can ; must ; can ; heB. may ; can ; must ; himC. must ; can ; must ; hisD. might ; must ; can ; himself分析：根據備選答案。 can表示推測時用於疑問句或否定句中。本題首句就應該是Guess who can it be? 第二句應該是I think it must be Tom.(說話人十分肯定)。第三句表達了說話人對前一個人的否定。即：I don』t think it can be him/he.(不可能是他)。答案為A3. —Do you know Ms. Wang likes walking after supper ?—Sure. She ____ around the campus now.A. must be walkingB. must walkC. may walkD. may be walking分析：關鍵詞Sure告訴我們說話人的口氣十分肯定。根據句子語境：她此刻肯定正在校園散步呢。must be doing表示肯定正在做。答案為A4. —I stayed at a hotel in New York.—Oh, did you ? You _____ with Barbara.A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would sayD. must have stayed分析：首句說：我在紐約住在一家賓館里。在此a hotel是泛指。所以D選項不合題意。
㈧ 高一英語學哪些語法
從句：主語從句，賓語從句，狀語從句，表語從句，同位語從句
時態：將來進行時，過去完成時，過去進行時……
謂語：系動詞，非謂語……
㈨ 高一英語要學點什麼語法
11. 動詞的時態 11.1 一般現在時的用法 1） 經常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。 2） 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。例如： The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位於中國東部。 3） 表示格言或警句。例如： Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。 注意：此用法如果出現在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現在時。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。 4） 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。例如： I don't want so much. 我不要那麼多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯，講的可不行。 比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。 第一句用一般現在時，用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進行時的標志，表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況，所以後句用一般現在時。 返回動詞的時態目錄 11.2 一般過去時的用法 1）在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。例如：時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了？ 2）表示在過去一段時間內，經常性或習慣性的動作。例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候，常在馬路上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那時，布朗一家無論什麼時候去，都受到熱烈歡迎。 3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。 It is time that sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。 would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'寧願某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。 4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等，而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去，現已不復存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。 比較：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含義：她已不在人間。） Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含義：她現在還活著） Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含義：達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。） Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含義：現在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去） 注意： 用過去時表示現在，表示委婉語氣。 1）動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如： Did you want anything else? 您還要些什麼嗎？ I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。 2）情態動詞 could, would。例如： Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車，能借用一些嗎？ 返回動詞的時態目錄 11.3 used to / be used to used to + do："過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態，但如今已不存在。例如： Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老媽過去沒那麼健忘。 Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。 be used to + doing： 對……已感到習慣，或"習慣於"，to是介詞，後需加名詞或動名詞。例如： He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫現在已習慣於散步了。 典型例題 ---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it. ---- It's 69568442. A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't 答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語，但從語意上看出，在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發生在過去，因此應用過去時。 返回動詞的時態目錄 11.4 一般將來時 1） shall用於第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用於各人稱，在徵求意見時常用於第二人稱。例如： Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先讀哪一段呢？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎？ 2） be going to +不定式，表示將來。 a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什麼呢？ b. 計劃，安排要發生的事。例如：The play is going to be proced next month。這出戲下月開播。 c. 有跡象要發生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏雲，快要下雨了。 3） be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發生的事。例如： We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。 4） be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。例如： He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。 注意：be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。 返回動詞的時態目錄 11.5 be going to / will 用於條件句時，be going to表將來,will表意願。例如： If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 返回動詞的時態目錄 11.6 be to和be going to be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如： I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客觀安排） I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主觀安排） 返回動詞的時態目錄 11.7 一般現在時表將來 1）下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現在時可以表示將來，主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什麼時候開？十分鍾後。 2）以here, there等開始的倒裝句，表示動作正在進行。例如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。 3）在時間或條件句中。例如： When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比爾來後，讓他等我。 I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那裡，就寫信給你。 4）在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如： I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前，務必把窗戶關了。 返回動詞的時態目錄 11.8 用現在進行時表示將來 下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現在進行時可以表示將來。例如： I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎？