❶ 高中語法情態動詞
情態動詞表推測
1 如果是疑問或者否定的話 語氣最強烈的用法用Can。(我記得表示否版定的話也權可以用might的,但是這是特殊情況。一般大多用Can 或者could)
2 表示肯定的話 語氣最強為must 還可以用may might不過只是語氣強烈程度不同must語氣最強接著是may下來是might
不能繼續說了 再說我想LZ就暈了
❷ 高中英語語法:情態動詞
你好
http://wenku..com/view/a7cf7e630b1c59eef8c7b4e6.html。這個是關於情態動詞的詳細講解。高中英語語法簡明講專義,簡明列出個語法的注意點,對於應試生而言屬是非常有用的語法補習課!
希望對你有幫助。
❸ 高中階段英語語法「情態動詞」以及「非謂語動詞」的重點和難點是什麼
情態動詞
情態動詞 (Model Verbs) 又稱為情態助動詞 (Model Auxil-iaries)。英語中助動詞主要有兩類:一是基本助動詞,如have, do, be;二是情態助動詞,如may, must, need等。情態動詞與其他動詞連用表示說話人的語氣。情態動詞可表達建議、要求、可能和意願等。情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化。在大學英語四、六級考試中,情態動詞部分重點測試以下內容:
(1)情態動詞+行為動詞完成式
(2)情態動詞+行為動詞進行式
(3)情態動詞+行為動詞完成進行式
(4)某些情態動詞的特殊用法
一、情態動詞+行為動詞完成式
情態動詞+行為動詞完成式即「情態動詞+ have + v-ed分詞」,表示對過去行為或動作進行推測、評論或判斷。
1. must have v-ed
must have v-ed 表示推測過去某事「一定」發生了。其否定形式為:can』t / couldn』t have v-ed, 表示過去不可能發生某事。例如:
1)Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.
2)You couldn』t have met my grandmother. She died before you were born.
2. could have v-ed
could have v-ed 表示推測過去某動作「很可能」發生了。例如:
1)「The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?」
2)「Tom could have taken it. He was alone yesterday.」
3.may / might have v-ed
may / might have v-ed 表示推測過去某事「也許」發生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性在說話人看來稍大些。例如:
I can』t find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday.
4. ought to / should have v-ed 和 ought not to / shouldn』t have v-ed
ought to / should have v-ed 和 ought not to / shouldn』t have v-ed 用於對已發生的情況表示「責備」、「不滿」,分別表示「本應該…」和「本不應該…」。例如:
1)With all the work finished, I should have gone to the party last night.
2)You ought not to make fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.
5. needn』t have v-ed
needn』t have v-ed 表示過去做了某事,但沒有做的必要, 意為「本沒必要…」。例如:
You needn』t have waken me up; I don』t have to go to work today.
註:表示推測過去某動作發生的可能性時,就表示的可能性程度而言,must最大,could其次,may更次之,might最小。例如:
「I wonder how Tom knew about your past.」
「He must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary.」
二、情態動詞+行為動詞進行式
情態動詞+行為動詞進行式(即情態動詞+ be + v-ing形式),表示推測或評論某動作現在是否正在進行。例如:
1)He must be playing basketball in the room.
2)She may be staying at home.
三、情態動詞+行為動詞完成進行式
情態動詞+行為動詞完成進行式(即情態動詞+ have been + v-ing 形式),表示推測或評論過去某動作是否正在進行或一直在進行。例如:
1)They should have been meeting to discuss the problem.
2)He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him.
四、某些情態動詞的特殊用法
1. need
考試中主要測試 need 作情態動詞與作實義動詞的區別,對此,可參見表1.need 作情態動詞時,後面跟不帶to 的動詞不定式,即 「need to」。通常用在疑問句和否定句中,表示詢問是否有「必要」,其否定形式為needn』t,表示「不必」;疑問形式為 Need … do? 極少用於肯定句。例如:
1)I don』t think we need turn the light on at that time.
2)Need you ride a bike to school?
情態動詞need與實義動詞need 在時態、肯定、否定結構上的對比見表1。
2. dare
考試中主要測試dare作情態動詞和作實義動詞的區別。
情態動詞dare 與實義動詞dare 在時態、肯定、否定、疑問結構上的對比見表2。
3. can 和 may
考試中主要測試can,may或could,might表示可能性的區別及對may構成的疑問句的回答。
時態 情態動詞need 實義動詞 need
現 You need (not) do You (don』t) need to do
在
時 He need (not) do He needs (doesn』t need) to do
過 You needed (didn』t need) to do
去
時 He needed (didn』t need) to do
將 You need (not) do You will (not) need to do
來
時 He need (not) do He will (not) need to do
句型 時態 動詞
情態動詞dare 實義動詞 dare
肯定句 現在時 dare to 少用 dare/dares to do
過去時 dare to 少用 dared to do
否定句 現在時 daren』t/dare not do do/does not dare (to) do
過去時 dared not do did not dare (to) do
疑問句 現在時 Dare he do? Do you/Does he dear (to) do?
過去時 Dared he do? Did he dare (to) do
(1)can, could, may, might都可以表示可能性.can, could表示潛在的可能性或理論上或邏輯判斷上存在的可能性;而may, might則表示事實上的可能性。此外,can還具有「有能力」的意思,而may與might則不具此意。例如:
1)According to the weather forecast, it may rain tomorrow.
2) Any man with a little sense can see that he is wrong.
(2)May I / we …?這一類疑問句的肯定回答為Yes, please.或Certainly;否定回答為Please don』t.或No, you mustn』t. 例如:
「May we leave now?」 「No, you mustn』t. You haven』t finished your home work yet.」
4. can 和 be able to
can 與 be able to 都可以表示能力,但兩者在用法上有點差異:can (could)表示主觀能力,不表示意願,它的將來時用will be able to; be able to表示主觀意願,強調要克服困難去做某事。例如:
1)My grandma is over seventy, but she can still read without glasses.
2)He is able to give up his bad habits.
5. must 和 have to
must 和 have to 都可以表示「必須」,但有幾點區別:
(1)must 強調「內在的職責」、「義務」,而have to 強調「外界壓力」、「不得已而為之」。
(2)have to可用於多種時態,而must一般用於現在時,其過去時與將來時分別由had to與shall / will have to代替。
(3)在回答must引起的問題時,如果是否定的答復,不能用mustn』t,而要用needn』t或don』t have to,因為mustn』t是「一定不要」、「一定不能」的意思。例如:
1)You must come to the classroom before eight.
2)It is raining hard outside, but I have to leave now.
3)「Must we do it now?」 「No, you needn』t.」
6. used to +v, be used to +v-ing和be used to +v
(1)used to +v意為「過去常常」,「過去一直」;be used to +v-ing / n(名詞)意為「習慣於」;be used to +v意為「被用來(做某事)」。
(2)used to只表示過去,而be used to +v-ing / n可表示現在、過去或將來。例如:
1)He used to smoke. Now he doesn』t.
2)He』s quite used to hard work / working hard.
3)The knife is used to cut bread.
7.用作情態動詞的其他短語
would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, can not but, may (just) as well等可用作情態動詞。例如:
1)The soldier would sooner die than surrender.
2)The brave soldier would as soon die as yield to such an enemy.
3)I』d rather walk than take a bus.
4)If you don』t like to swim, you may just as well stay at home.
註:這些短語後一般直接跟動詞原形.would (had) rather, would (had) sooner, would (just) as soon後可跟that 引導的從句,that 常省去,從句要用虛擬語氣。對現在和將來的假設用過去時,對過去的假設用過去完成時。例如:
1)I would rather you came on Sunday.
2)I would sooner you hadn』t asked me to speak yesterday.
非謂語動詞
語法講座
非謂語動詞是高中語法的重點,也是難點,學生常常對此感到頭疼。其實只要理解並掌握非謂語動詞各種形式的特點,做起題來會很輕松。我們先來看看非謂語動詞的各種變化形式。熟悉知道了非謂語動詞形式後,做題時可分四步分析。
一、分析句子結構
1. ________many times , but he still couldn't understand it .
2. ________many times , he still couldn't understand it .
A. Having been told . B. Told
C. He was told D. Though he had been told
3. ________to the left , you'll find the post office .
4. If you ________to the left , you'll find the post office .
5. ________to the left , and you'll find the post office .
A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned
分析:句1. 用連詞but 引導並列句子,因此,前面也是個獨立句子成分,故選C。
句2. 句中用逗號隔開,且無連詞引導,因此,前面不是句子結構,只是句子的一個成分,故選A,用非謂語動詞作狀語。
句3. 同句2,選A 。
句4. 前面用if 引導從句,故選C ,構成從句謂語。
句5. 同句1,選C。
二、分析邏輯主語
確定要選非謂語動詞之後,第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語,但仍具有動詞特點,其邏輯上的動作執行者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動詞作狀語時,其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。若不一致,則須加上自己的邏輯主語。
1. ________no buses , we have to walk home .
A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It being
2. ______Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home .
分析:句1. 表示「沒有公共汽車」,應用「there be」結構,即邏輯主語是「there」,故選A 。
句2. 同理選D。
三、分析語態
分析語態就是在確定邏輯主語之後,分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動還是被動關系。
1. ______from space , the earth looks blue .
2.______from space , we can see the earth is blue .
A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See
這兩個題選項中的非謂語動詞都沒有加自己的邏輯主語, 因此其邏輯主語就是句子的主語。
分析:句1. 「地球」被「看起來」,表被動,故選A,用過去分詞表被動。
句2. 我們「主動看……」即表主動,故選B。
3. The dirty clothes ______ , the girl hung them up outside .
4. ______ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .
A. was washed B. washed C.were washed D.having washed
分析:句3. 前面應用非謂語動詞作句子的狀語,邏輯主語是「the dirty clothes」,和動詞搭配表示「衣服被洗」,故選B。
句4. 邏輯主語為句子的主語「the girl」,表示「女孩洗衣服」,為主動關系,故選D。
四、分析時態,在選定了主動或被動後,還要考慮動作發生的時間問題,即時態。
1. The building ______now will be a restaurant .
2. The building ______next year will be a restaurant .
3. The building ______last year is a restaurant.
A. having been built B.to be built
C.being built D. built
句1中 now 說明大樓正在被修,故用進行式,選C。
句2中next year 說明大樓將在明年被修,故用表將來的不定式,選B。
句3中 last year 說明大樓已被修,但不能選,因為現在分詞的完成式不能作定語,故用過去分詞,選D。
又如:
1. He stood there______for his mother .
2. ______for two hours , he went away .
A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D.Having waited
句1表示「站在那等」,兩個動詞同時發生,故選A作伴隨狀語。
句2表示已經等了兩個小時,發生在謂語動詞「went away 」之前,故用完成式,選D 。
需要注意的是,非謂語動詞的否定也是常考的項目,要認清否定形式,非謂語動詞的否定都應將not 放在前面。
如:
What is the reason for ______there ?
A. not your going B. not your go
C. your not going D. you not to go
鞏固練習:
1. ______won't be of much help .(A)
A .Tom's going B. Tom going C. Tom to go D. Tom goes
2. They managed _____the meeting room before the guests arrived. (C)
A. finishing to clean B. finishing cleaning
C. to finish cleaning D. to finish to clean
3. We must find a room big enough _____.(B)
A. for all of us to live B. for all of us to live in
C. to live in all of us D. of all of us to live
4. _____a teacher , I should set a good example to students . (A)
A. Being B. Having been C. To be D. As I being
5. _____a teacher ,one must first be their pupil . (C)
A. Being B. Having been
C. To be D. To have been
6. It was stupid _____ your advice. (C)
A. for me not to take B. for me not taking
C. of me not to take D. of me not taking
7. The teacher told him to speak louder _____by , everybody. (A)
A. so as to be heard B. so as to hear
C. in order that heard D. in order to hear
8. They suggested _____ the sports meet till next Tuesday. (B)
A. us to put off B. our putting off
C. us of putting off D. our put off
9. The doctor gave me some medicine , _____ three times a day before meals. (C)
A. to take B. to be taking C. to be taken D. I took it
10. Thanking them for their kindness , he said that the old lady really appreciated _____by them. (D)
A. visiting B. visited
C. to be visited D. being visited
11. _____made her parents very angry . (B)
A. Jane's engaging Black B. Jane's being engaged to Black
C. Jane having engaged to Black D. Jane has engaged to Black
12. Don't you think it any good_____in public places? (B)
A. forbidding smoking B. to forbid smoking
C. to forbid to smoke D. forbidding to smoke
13. China is a _____ country and we should introce _____ science and technology from the _____ countries. (B)
A. developed; advanced; developed B. developing;advanced;developed
C. developing;advancing;developing D. developed; advancing ; developing
14. _____, the work can be done much better . (C)
A. Given more time B.We had been given more time
C. More time given D. If more time had given
15. _____from space , the earth , with water _____seventy percent of its surface , looks like a "blue ball". (D)
A. Seen ; covered B. Seeing ; covering
C. Seeing; covered D. Seen; covering
16. People always shake hands with each other when _____. (C)
A. to introce B. introce C. introced D. introcing
17. _____, tears ran down her pale face. (A)
A. No word said B. Say no word
C. Not saying a word D. Without saying a word
18. Tigers _____ meat -eating animals , _____meat . (A)
A. belonged to ;fed on B. belonging to ; feed on
C. were belonged to ; feed on D. belonging to ; feeding on
19. We must take measures to prevent our earth _____. (C)
A. to be polluted B. from polluting
C. from being polluted D. from polluted
20. As the stone was too heavy to move , I left it _____ on the ground . (C)
A. laying B. lay C. lying D. lain.
❹ 高一英語題目(情態動詞),需要詳細解釋,好的加分
表猜測時1.無跡象規律型猜測will do.
2.有跡象判斷推測be going to do
3. 80%以上程度猜測must do肯定一定必定/can't do不可能,
4. 50%程度猜測may/could do,可能,couldn't do,可能不
5. 30%以下猜測might do也許大概差不多mightn't do
表必須應該1.must do符合主觀意志 needn't do沒必要
2.have to do違背主觀被迫無奈 don't have to do
3.should do建議性應該shouldn't do
4.shall do責任性應該 , shan't do
5.ought to do照規矩,按常理應該。oughtn't (to) do
6.had better do威脅性應該 had better not do
另外:should have done本應該做卻沒能實現
shouldn't have done本不該做卻做了
1.Our Chinese teacher is 66.Oh ,no . She ______over 60,i think .
A. can't be B. shouldn't be
為什麼不選B,表示「按常理超過60歲」?
b是建議性不應該,人家歲數你能建議嗎?
2.They hurried so that they _____ not miss the bus .
A. might B. should
為什麼不選B,表示「按常理不會錯過公交」
匆忙只能猜測也許不會誤車,而不是你能建議誤不誤
3.--This ___be Bill's house .It's NO.101
--Oh ,i don't think so .he said his house was a blue one
,but is one is yellow .
A. can B. must
為什麼不選A,表示理論上是Bill的家?
有門牌號,猜測很可能是。can do肯定句常表習慣性本能
4.Will you come to my birthday party ?
No ,I_______
A. won't B. can't
為什麼不選A?
can't do表猜測不可能或表沒能力,做不到。won't do表不願意
就算你不願意參加,也不會直接表達吧?
5.where is my pen ?I______it .
A. might lose B. must have lost
為什麼不是A,表示「我可能丟了」?
might lose對將要發生的猜測,也許會丟,還不一定丟。must have lost對過去很大程度猜測,肯定已經。。。
既然找不到了,就已經丟的可能性很大了。
6.Mary is not in her bedroom .She_____in her classroom .
A.should have been B. must have been
為什麼不選A,表示「(過去)按常理在她的教室」?
should have been建議應該卻沒在 must have been猜測很可能在
既然沒在卧室,那很可能在教室。注意should do不是按常理而是建議。按常理用ought to do
7."We didn't meet him at the party yesterday" ."He_______it "
A. can't have visited B .should have gone to see .
這題什麼意思?
顯然是他本應該來看卻沒來。所以昨天沒見到他。
❺ 英語語法情態動詞
後面不是抄說了I could have done it.嗎?
一般襲要前後符合語法啊,當然就要選didn't have to 啦。
因為didn't have to 才符合前後的語法規定
像此類的題需要多聯系前後來看語法,相信你以後一定能很快的解決此類問題。
❻ 英語情態動詞語法選擇加講解。
情態動詞
有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情態動詞無人稱和數的變化;不能單獨使用,必須與其後的動詞原形構成謂語。 情態動詞
can 表示能力,意為 「能 會」 表示推測, 意為 「可能」, 常用於否定句和疑問句中 表示請求, 允許, 意為「可以」
could 是can 的過去式,意為「能、會」, 表示過去的能力 在疑問句中表示委婉請求
may 表示請求、許可,意為「可以」 表示推測,常用於肯定句中,意為「可能、也許」
might 是may的過去式,表推測,常用於肯定句中,意為「 可能、也許 」 must 表示主觀看法,意為「必須、應該」 表有把握的推測,用語肯定句 Need \表示需要、必須,主要用於否定句和疑問句中 dare 表示敢於,主要用於否定句和疑問句中
should 意為「 應該」, 表示要求和命令 表示勸告、建議 had better 意為 「最好」,表示建議 used to意為 「過去常常,表示過去的動作、行為 考點一 情態動詞知識清單
情態動詞有具體的詞義,但也同助動詞一樣,需要與其他詞語一起構成句子的謂語,另外情態動詞沒喲人稱和數的變化,情態動詞後必須跟動詞原形。
1. can 的用法
(1) 表示能力、許可、可能性。 表示能力時一般譯為「能、會」, 即有種能力,尤其是生來具備的能力,此時may 和must 均不可代替它。 (2) 表示可能、能夠。 如:I can finish it in an hour. (3)表示許可,常在口語中。如:You can use my dictionary. (4)表示推測,意為「可能」, 常用於否定句和疑問句中, 此時can‟t 譯為「 不可能」。 2. could的用法
(1) can的過去式, 意為「 能、 會」 , 表示過去的能力。 (2) could 在疑問句中, 表示委婉的語氣,此時沒有過去式的意思。 3. may的用法
(1)表示請求、許可, 比can 正式,
(2)表示推測,談論可能性,意為「 可能, 或許」,一般用於肯定句中。
(3) may的過去式為might ,表示推測時。可能性低於may 。4. must的用法
(1)must 表示主觀看法,意為「必須、一定」。
(2)其否定形式mustn‟t 表示「 一定不要 」 「千萬別」 「禁止, 不許」. (3)對must引導的疑問句,肯定回答為must, 否定回答為needn‟t 或 don‟t have to .
(4)must 表示有把握的推測,用於肯定句。當must 表示 肯定的判斷、推測時,其反意疑問句要用實際問句的助動詞來構成。 She must have finished writing, hasn‟t she? 5. need的用法
(1) need 表示需要、必須,主要用於否定句和疑問句中,其否定形式為needn‟t ,意為「沒有必要,不必」。 用need 提問時,肯定回答為 must,否定回答為 needn‟t 。 如:----Need I stay here any longer? ----Yes, you must .-----No. you needn‟t .
(2) need 還可以作實義動詞,此時有人稱、數和時態的變化, 後邊
多接動詞不定式。
6. dare
的用法
dare
意為
「
敢、敢於
」,
用法近似於
need
,
有兩種詞性:
(
1
)
dare
作為情態動詞,多用於否定句、疑問句或條件句中,無第
三人稱單數形式,只有一般現在時和一般過去時。
(
2
)
dare
作為實義動詞,此時有人稱、數及時態的變化。注意:
在
口語中,
dare
的各種形式常與不帶
to
的不定式連用。
Do you dare tell
her what I said?
7.
shall
的用法
(
1
)
shall
表示徵求對方意見(多用於第一、三人稱)
,
Shall we go out for a walk?
(
2
)表示決心、警告、命令(
多用於第二、三人稱)
,
No one shall bring your beepers or mobile phones in the exam.
8.
should
的用法
(
1
)
should
意為
「
應該
」
,
可表示勸告、建議、義務、責任等。
We
should protect the environment.
(
2
)
should (would)like to do sth.
表示
「
想要、
願意做某事
」
,
常用於口
語中。
Would you like to go with me?
你想和我一起去嗎?
(
3
)
Should have done
表示對過去動作的責備、批評。
You should have finished your homework.
9.
will
的用法
will
表示意願、意志、打算,可用於多種人稱。
I will help you if I‟m free this afternoon.
10.
had better
的用法
had
better
意為
「
最好
」
,沒有人稱的變化,後面接不帶
to
的不定式,
其否定形式為:
had better not
。
We had better go now. You had better not give the book to him.
考點二
含有情態動詞的疑問句
1.
由
can
、
may
、
must
構成的疑問句
(
1
)句
式
:
Can/
May/
Must…
+
主
語
+
動
詞
原
形
+….
?
如
:
Can
you
repair
the
car?
Could
he
be
a
good
student? May
I
borrow
your
ruler?Must we clean the room now?
(
2
)對
may
引出的問句,可以有下列回答方式:
Yes,
of
course.
Yes, certainly.Sure.No, you mustn‟t.No, you can‟t.
(
3
)對
must
引出的疑問句,回答為:
Yes, …must.No,… needn‟t/ don‟t
have to.
2. will
,
would
,
shall
的用法
(
1
)
will
在一般疑問句中表示客氣的
「
請求、
勸說
」
。
would
是
will
的
過去式,語氣更加客氣、委婉。
Would
you
show
me
your
picture
book? Will you please give me a call?
(
2
)對
will/ would you…
的回答方式有以下幾種:
Yes, I will. (No, I
won‟t.)Sure .
(I‟m
sorry
,
I
can‟t.)All
right.Certainly.
(No,
thank
you .)
Yes, please.
(
3
)
shall
引出的疑問句用於第一人稱,
表示徵求對方意見或客氣的
請求。其回答方式有以下幾種:
Yes, please.All right. No, thank you.
考點三
不同情態動詞的否定意義也不同
1.
(
1
)
can‟t
可譯為
「
不會
」
,
如:
I can‟t play basketball.
我不會打籃
球。
(
2
)當句子表推測時,用
can‟t
表達不可能,
He can‟t be ill. He
is playing chess with Tom.
can‟t
還可用來回答
「 May I …? 」
這樣的
問句。
May I come in ?No, you mustn‟t. / can‟t.
can‟t
還可用於固
定習語中。
She can‟t help crying.
❼ 英語中情態動詞講解和練習題
一、情態動詞的語法特徵
(1)情態動詞不能表示正在發生或已經發生的事情,只表示期待或估計某事的發生。
(2)情態動詞 除ought 和have 外,後面只能接不帶to 的不定式。
(3)情態動詞沒有人稱,數的變化,即情態動詞第三人稱單數不加-s。
(4)情態動詞沒有非謂語形式,即沒有不定式、分詞、動名詞等形式。
高考重點要求:
1、情態動詞的基本用法
2、情態動詞表示推測的語義差別
3、情態動詞後接不定式完成體的不同意義
4、虛擬語氣中情態動詞的用法
知識點掃描
一、情態動詞
(一)情態動詞種類
1. can表示體力或腦力方面的「能力」、「技能」或根據客觀條件能做某種動作的「可能性」, 但表示人的體力或智力的具體動作時須用 be able to .
He was able to do that without any help.他不需要任何幫助就能完成這項工作。
2. may表示「允許,可以」,相當於be allowed to .
may或might可和as well連用,表示「建議」,譯為「還是……的為好」
You may as well keep a certain distance from that mad man. 你們還是離那瘋子遠點為好。
You might as well go home now.你還是現在回家為好。
3. must表示「必須」或「應當」、「一定」。
4. have to 加動詞原形,表示「不得不」,「必須」,它比must更強調客觀。
Tom had to work into the deep night every day to earn a living. 湯姆為了生計每天都得工作到深夜。
5. should 表示「勸告」,「建議」或「義務」時,譯作「應當」,或表示「預測」和「可能」。
He should take care of his parents as they are old enough not to live on themselves. 由於父母親老了,不能自理,他應當照顧他們。
He should be there now. 他應該在那兒。
should have done在虛擬語氣中表示「責備或後悔」。
6. ought ,只有一種形式,且ought後必須加to,然後跟接動詞原形表示「有義務」或「必要」做某事,譯為「應當,應該」。
7. dare 可以用作情態動詞,後面跟不帶to的動詞不定式,這主要用於否定句中,它本身可有現在時第三人稱單數,詞尾加s,它還可以有ing分詞形式(daring)和過去式及ed分詞形式(dared)。
(二)情態動詞在一般時否定句中的用法
can't(cannot) 表示「不可能」, may not 表示「不可以」, mustn't(must not) 表示「一定不要」,「不許可」,needn't (need not) 表示「不必」,dare not +動詞原形表示「不敢」。
He can't finish his essay by this time. 現在他不可能寫完論文。
He may not sleep now. 他或許現在沒在睡覺。
You mustn't criticize her in that way. 你不應那樣批評她。
You needn't come tomorrow. 你明天沒必要來了。
He dared not meet his fiancée. 他不敢見女朋友。
(三)can,may,must三者用法比較
can,may,must是三個最重要的情態動詞,其基本句型如下:
肯定句:主語+can,may,must +動詞原形
否定句:主語+can,may,must +not +動詞原形
疑問句:Can,May,Must +主語+動詞原形
1. can,may,must的肯定句
You may eat lunch,but you must wash your hands.
你可以吃飯,但是你必須洗手。
(1)can
a.表示能力;能,會
She can run fast,but I can't.
她很會跑,但是我不會。
b.表示可能;能夠
I can get there in ten minutes.
我十分鍾之後就可以到那兒。
(表示一種可能性)
c.表示允許;許可
You can use this dictionary.
你可以用這本字典。
d.can和be able to比較
can只有現在式和過去式,而be able to可以用於各種時態。
can(could)表示能力時,可用be able to代替。
I can(=am able to)pay for the book. 我買得起那本書。
He will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告訴你消息了。
She has been able to come to school. 她已經能去學校了。
(2)may
a.表示請求、許可
May I borrow your pen?
我可以借你的鋼筆用一用嗎?
b.可能、或許
Tomorrow I may go shopping.
明天,我可能(或許)去商店買東西。
He might be our new teacher.
他或許是我們的新老師。
(3)must
a.必須、應該(表示有做某一動作的必要或義務)
You must buy a ticket.
你必須買一張票。
b.一定、準是(表示有把握的判斷或推測,一般只用於肯定句中)
在You must這一句型中,它的意思與祈使句相同。
You must get up early. =Get up early.
你必須早起。
You must study hard. =Study hard.
你必須用功讀書。
He must be our new teacher.
他肯定是我們的新老師。
2.表示推測的用法
can , could ,may ,might ,must 皆可用來表示推測,其用法如下:
a.could ,might 表示推測時不表示時態,其推測的程度不如can ,may。
b.can ,could 用於否定句和疑問句中。
句型:主語+ can't , couldn't +be +動詞ing.(否定句)
Can ,Could +主語 +be +動詞 ing.(疑問句)
They can't be cleaning the room now.他們現在不可能在打掃房間。
c.may ,might , must 用在肯定句中。
句型:主語+ may ,might ,must +be +動詞 -ing
(表示對現在發生動作的推測)
He must be sleeping . 他現在肯定在睡覺。
d.但如果上述這些詞 (must ,can't… ) + have +過去分詞則指對過去已發生的事進行推測。
The road is wet. It must have rained last night .
地是濕的;昨天晚上肯定下雨了。
There isn't any water on the road . It (can't ) couldn't have rained last night .
地面上一個水滴都沒有,昨天不可能下雨了。
(四) have to的用法
1. have(has)to +動詞原形
have(has)to後面要用動詞原形。當主語為第三人稱單數時用has to,當句子是過去時用had to。
We have to leave now.
我們不得不現在就離開。
He has to work on Sunday.
他不得不在周日工作。
I had to do my homework last Sunday.
上周日,我不得不做作業。
2. have to的否定句
句型:主語+don't(doesn't, didn』t, will not)have to+動詞原形
You don't have to walk so fast.
你不必走那麼快。
He will not have to buy a new coat next year.
明年,他沒必要買新外衣了。
3. have to的疑問句
句型:Do(Does, Did, Will)+主語+have to +動詞原形?
Do you have to study maths now?
你現在必須學數字嗎?
Yes,I do.是的,必須學。
No,I don't(have to)。不,不必學。
Did he have to ask the question?
他非要問那個問題嗎?
Yes,he did.是的。
No,he didn't(have to).不。
4. must與have to比較
must側重於個人意志和主觀上的必要,have to側重於客觀上的必要。如果用於過去時態或將來時態時,則要用have to的相應時態來代替must。但must可用於間接引語中表示過去的必要或義務。
My brother was very ill,so I had to call for the doctor in the middle of the night.
我弟弟病得很厲害,我只得半夜裡把醫生請來。(一般過去時)
I haven't got any money with me,so I'll have to borrow some from my friend.
我身上沒有錢,只好向朋友借點了。(一般將來時)
He said that they must work hard.他說他們必須努力工作。
❽ 幾道英語情態動詞題
B D C
❾ 高中英語:情態動詞+have done
can't have done,一定不可能做過某事,對過去發生的事作非常有把握的否定推測
couldn't have done多用在虛擬語氣當中回Without your help, we couldn't have finished our work last week so fast.沒有你的幫忙,我們答上星期不可能這么快完成工作.(實際上工作已完成)
"他一定在家裡",一般翻譯為He must be at home.
❿ 高中英語情態動詞選擇題,求解釋
must have done表示對過去的推測
must be 現在的推測
就是因為 many years ago「多年前」
才選must have done