1. 英語句型都有哪些
英語句子看上去紛繁龐雜,但仔細觀察不外乎五個基本句式。這五個基本句式可以演變出多種復雜的英語句子。換言之,絕大多數英語句子都是由這五個基本句式生成的。這五個基本句式如下:
S十V主謂結構
S十V十F主系表結構
S十V十O主謂賓結構
S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結構
S十V十O十C 主謂賓補結構
說明:S=主語;V=謂語;P=表語;O=賓語;O1=間接賓語;O2=直接賓語;C=賓語補足語
五個基本句式詳細解釋如下:
1.S十V句式
在此句式中,V是不及物動詞,又叫自動詞(vi.)。例如:
He suffered from cold and hunger.
他挨凍受餓。
China belongs to the third world country.
中國屬於第三世界國家。
2.S十V十P句式
在此句式中,V是系動詞(link v.),常見的系動詞有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如:
He seen interested in the book.
他似乎對這本書感興趣。
The story sounds interesting.
這個故事聽起來有趣。
The desk feels hard.
書桌摸起來很硬。
The cake tastes nice.
餅嘗起來很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nicc.
花聞起來香甜。
You have grown taller than before.
你長得比以前高了。
He has suddenly fallen ill.
他突然病倒了。
He stood quite still.
他靜靜地站看。
注意:有些動詞同時也是及物動詞,可構成SVO句式,例如:
He looked me up and down.
他上下打量我。
He reached his hand to feel the elephant.
他伸出手來摸象。
They are tasting the fish.
他們在品嘗魚。
They grow rice in their home town.
他們在家鄉種水稻。
3.S十V十O句式
在此句式中,V是及物動詞(vt.),因此有賓語。例如:
Have you read the story?
你讀過這個故事嗎?
They found their home easily.
他們很容易找到他們的家。
They built a house last year.
他們去年建了一所房子。
They've put up a factory in the village.
他們在村裡建了一座工廠。
They have taken good care of the children.
這些孩子他們照看得很好。
You should look after your children well.
你應該好好照看你的孩子。
4.S十V十O1十O2句式
在此句式中,V是帶有雙賓語的及物動詞。常見的須帶雙賓語的動詞有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如:
He gave me a book/a book to me.
他給我一本書。
He brought me a pen/a pen to me.
他帶給我一枝鋼筆。
注意下邊動詞改寫後介詞的變化:
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
媽媽給我買了一本書。
He got me a chair/a chair for me.
他給我弄了一把椅子。
注意,下邊動詞只有一種說法:
They robbed the old man of his money.
他們搶了老人的錢。
He's warned me of the danger.
他警告我注意危險。
The doctor has cured him of his disease.
醫生治好了他的病。
We must rid the house of th erats.
我們必須趕走屋裡的老鼠。
They deprived him of his right to speak.
他們剝奪了他說話的權利。
5.S十V十O十C句式
在此句式中,V是有賓語補足語的及物動詞。常帶賓語補足語的詞有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞。
常見的可接賓語補足語的動詞很多,哪些動詞可接哪幾種形式作賓補,須根據動詞的慣用法而定,不能統而概論。請看下面的例子。
They made the girl angry.
他們使這個女孩生氣了。
They found her happy that day.
他們發現那天她很高興。
He found the doctor of study closed to him.
他發現研究所的大門對他關閉了。
嘻嘻,望採納啊
2. 一個英語例句的語法。
Yet副詞作狀語表示轉折,意思是然而。I』d sit = I would sit 表示過去一段時間習慣的動作。sweating... 現在分詞作伴隨狀語,邏輯主語是句子的主語 I。
3. 英語的語法都是什麼
英語語法是針對英語語言的語法進行的研究,指英語中語言的結構規律。包括詞法和句法。英語的語法既可以是規范性的,也可以是描述性的。
一、實詞
1.名詞(nouns)n.: 名詞是詞性的一種,也是實詞的一種,是指代人、物、事、時、地、情感、概念等實體或抽象事物的詞。名詞可以獨立成句。在短語或句子中通常可以用代詞來替代。名詞可以分為專有名詞(Proper Nouns)和普通名詞(Common Nouns),專有名詞是某個(些)人,地方,機構等專有的名稱,如Beijing,China等,專有名詞的首字母要大寫。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個抽象概念的名詞,如:book,sadness等。 2.代詞(pronoun)pron.: 代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類。大多數代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語中的代詞,按其意義、特徵及在句中的作用分為:人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、關系代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞九種。 3.數詞(numeral)Num.: 表示「多少」和「第幾」的詞,叫數詞。其用法相當於名詞或者形容詞。數詞分為基數詞和序數詞兩種。 4.形容詞(adjective)adj.或a.: 很多語言中均有的主要詞類中的一種。主要用來修飾名詞的詞,表示事物的特徵。形容詞用來修飾名詞或代詞,表示人或事物的性質、狀態,和特徵的程度好壞,與否。 5.副詞(adverb)adv.: 是一種用來修飾動詞、形容詞、全句的詞,說明時間、地點、程度、方式等概念的詞。副詞是一種半虛半實的詞。副詞可分為:時間副詞、地點副詞、方式副詞、程度副詞、疑問副詞、連接副詞、關系副詞、頻率副詞和說明性副詞等。 6.動詞(Verb)v.: 動詞,就是用來形容或表示各類動作的詞彙。基本上每個完整的句子都有一個動詞,要表示第二個動作時可使用不定詞、動名詞、對等連接詞、從屬連接詞或增加子句等方法連結。
二、虛詞
7.冠詞(article) art.: 冠詞是虛詞,本身不能單獨使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義。 冠詞可以說是名詞的一種標志,它不能離開名詞而獨立存在。表示的主語數量或者特徵。 8.介詞(preposition)prep.: 介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞、詞與句之間的關系的虛詞,在句中不能單獨作句子成分。介詞後面一般有名詞、代詞,或相當於名詞的其他詞類,短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構成介詞片語,在句中作狀語,表語,補語或介詞賓語。介詞可以分為時間介詞、地點介詞、方式介詞、原因介詞和其他介詞。 9.連詞(conjunction)conj: 連詞是一種虛詞, 它不能獨立擔任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞,短語與短語以及句與句的作用。連詞主要可分為4類:並列連詞、轉折連詞、選擇連詞和因果連詞。 10.助詞: 助詞是附著在詞,短語,句子的前面或後面,表示結構關系或某些附加意義的虛詞。助詞有結構助詞,時態助詞,語氣助詞三種。 11.嘆詞:(interjection)interj.: 嘆詞是語法學術語。表示感嘆、呼喚、應答的詞。
三、判斷詞
現代漢語中表示條件、讓步、轉折等關系的連詞多包含一個來自判斷詞「是」的語素,其他語言也有類似的情況。英語中的判斷詞有常見的「Yes」和「No」。
四、情態動詞
情態動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,但要與動詞原形及其被動語態一起使用,給謂語動詞增添情態色彩,表示說話人對有關行為或事物的態度和看法,認為其可能、應該或必要等。情態動詞後面加動詞原形。 1) 情態動詞不能表示正在發生或已經發生的事情,只表示期待或估計某事的發生。 2) 情態動詞 除ought 和have 外,後面只能接不帶to 的不定式。 3) 情態動詞沒有人稱,數的變化,即情態動詞第三人稱單數不加-s。 4) 情態動詞沒有非謂語形式,即沒有不定式,分詞,等形式。
五、感嘆詞
感嘆詞是用來表示說話時表達的喜怒哀樂等情感的詞。它不構成後面句子的一個語法成分,卻在意義上與它有關聯,後面的句子一般說明這種情緒的性質、原因。感嘆詞是英語口語中最富於表現力的詞語之一,用途甚廣。學會它,對於提高英語的交際能力,表達復雜的思想起著舉足輕重的作用。英語中的感嘆詞很多,但目前的語法著作中卻很少對它進行歸納總結,致使許多人對含有感嘆詞的句子理解不透。現將部分感嘆詞的用法進行小結: 一、Oh 表示驚訝、指責、痛苦、稱贊、懊惱等,可譯為「哦」、「哎呀」、「噢」「啊」、「呀」等。 1. "Oh, who was that?" Mr. Black asked. 「哦,是誰?」布萊克先生問。 2. "Oh, how blind you are!" he cried. 「哎呀,你們真瞎!」他大聲道。
六、其他
1、動名詞:動名詞是一種兼有動詞和名詞特徵的非限定動詞。它可以支配賓語,也能被副詞修飾。動名詞有時態和語態的變化。 2、動詞不定式:不定式定義:由to+動詞原形構成。不定式是一種非限定性動詞。而非限定動詞是指那些在句中不能單獨充當謂語的動詞,可分為不定式,動名詞,現在分詞和過去分詞。 3、分詞:[participle]具有動詞及形容詞二者特徵的詞;尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n結尾的英語動詞性形容詞,具有形容詞功能,同時又表現各種動詞性特點,如時態,語態、帶狀語性修飾語的性能及帶賓詞的性能。編輯本段句子成分一個句子一般皆由兩部分組成,即主語部分(subject group)和謂語部分(predicate group)。如: ⑴Professor Ward teaches English to university students. 沃德教授給大學生教英語。 句中的Professor Ward即是主語部分,teaches English to university students 即是謂語部分。 句子成分(members of the sentence )是句子中起一定功用的組成部分。句子由各個句子成分所構成。 句子的組成部分,包括主語、謂語、賓語、定語、補語、狀語、表語七種。 主語是句子敘述的主體,可由名詞、代詞、數詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動名詞和主語從句等來承擔。 謂語說明主語所發出的動作或具有的特徵和狀態。謂語由動詞來承擔。 賓語是動作的對象或承受者,常位於及物動詞或介詞後面。賓語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動名詞、賓語從句等來擔任。 主語和謂語是英語句子的兩大成分,除少數句子(如祈使句和感嘆句等)外,一句話必須同時具有主語和謂語所表達的意思才能完整。主語是針對謂語而言的,是一句話的主題,謂語用來說明主語的情況,為主語提供信息。例如:They are working.主語是they(他們),那麼他們在做什麼呢?看來沒有謂語are working 是不行的。在正常情況下,英語的主語和謂語的位置與漢語一致,也就是說主語在前,謂語緊跟其後。那麼,哪些詞語可以做主語,謂語,何時主謂倒置,主語與謂語的一致情況如何,我將一一講述。
主語
主語(subject) 是一句的主體,是全句的述說對象,常用名詞或相當於名詞的詞擔任,一般置於句首。如: ⑵The plane has just taken off at the airport。 飛機剛剛從機場起飛。 ⑶I respect his privacy。 我尊重他的隱私權。 主語是句子陳述的對象,說明是誰或什麼。表示句子說的是"什麼人"、「什麼事」、「什麼東西」、「什麼地方」等等。 名詞、代詞、數詞、動名詞、To do不定式、一個句子 都可以做主語。
謂語
謂語是對主語動作或狀態的陳述或說明,指出「做什麼」和「是什麼」或「怎麼樣」. 謂語動詞的位置一般在主語之後。
賓語
賓語,又稱受詞,是指一個動作(動詞)的接受者。賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語(間接賓語也稱賓語補足語)兩大類,其中直接賓語指動作的直接對象,間接賓語說明動作的非直接,但受動作影響的對象。一般而言,及物動詞後面最少要有一個賓語,而該賓語通常為直接賓語,有些及物動詞要求兩個賓語,則這兩個賓語通常一個為直接賓語,另一個為間接賓語。名詞、代詞、數詞、動名詞、To do不定式、一個句子 都可以做賓語,而to do不定式用於賓語補足語。
定語
定語是用來修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質與特徵的。主要有形容詞此外還有名詞、代詞、數詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式(短語)、分詞、定語從句或相當於形容詞的詞、短語或句子都可以作定語。漢語中常用『……的』表示。定語和中心語之間是修飾和被修飾、限制和被限制的關系。在漢語中,中心語與定語二者之間有的需要用結構助詞「的」,有的不需要,有的可要可不要。「的」是定語的標志。
狀語
英語中,修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等的句子成分叫狀語(adverbial)。 狀語的功用:狀語說明地點、時間、原因、目的、結果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。 狀語一般由副詞、介詞短語、分詞和分詞短語、不定式或相當於副詞的詞或短語來擔當。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。
補語
英語補語的作用對象是主語和賓語,具有鮮明的定語性描寫或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。補語是起補充說明作用的成份。最常見的是賓語補足語。名詞、動名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞都可以在句子中作賓補。
表語
表語是用來說明主語的身份、性質、品性、特徵和狀態的,表語常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動詞的-ing、從句來充當,它常位於系動詞(be, become, appear, seem, look ,sound, feel, get, smell等詞)之後。如果句子的表語也是由一個句子充當的,那麼這個充當表語的句子就叫做表語從句。編輯本段動詞時態英語語法中的時態(tense)是一種動詞形式,不同的時態用以表示不同的時間與方式。 是表示行為、動作和狀態在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。因此,當我們說時態結構的時候,指的是相應時態下的動詞形式。 下面就英語中常見的十六種基本時態進行闡述,其它的時態都是在這十種時態的基礎上結合而成的。 所謂「時」就是行為發生的時段或狀態存在的時段,即:現在、過去、將來和過去將來四種;所謂「態」就是行為或狀態發生時所呈現的狀態,有一般狀態、進行狀態、完成狀態或完成進行狀態四種。由時態結合,便形成下列十六種時態: 一般現在時,一般過去時,一般將來時,一般過去將來時; 現在進行時,過去進行時,將來進行時,過去將來進行時; 現在完成時,過去完成時,將來完成時,過去將來完成時; 現在完成進行時,過去完成進行時,將來完成進行時,過去將來完成進行時.
一般現在時
1.概念:表示經常發生的情況;有規律出現的情況;總是發生的;和事實真理。 2.時間狀語:Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…),once a week(day, year, month…),on Sundays(on Mondays …), 3.基本結構:動詞 原形 (如主語為第三人稱單數,動詞上要改為第三人稱單數形式) 4.否定形式:主語 + am/is/are + no t + 其他; 此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用doesn't,同時還原行為動詞。 5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首;用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用does,同時,還原行為動詞。 6.例句:It seldom snows here.這里很少下雪。 He is always ready to help others.他總是樂於幫助別人。 Action speaks louder than words.事實勝於雄辯。
一般過去時
1.概念:過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態;過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。 2.時間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…),in 1989,just now, at the age of 5,one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本結構:主語 + 動詞的過去式或be的過去式+名詞 4.否定形式:主語 + was/were + not + 其他;在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。 5.一般疑問句:was或were放於句首;用助動詞do的過去式did 提問,同時還原行為動詞。 6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.那些天她經常來幫助我們。 I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你是這么忙。
一般將來時
1.概念:表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事。 2.時間狀語:Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc. 3.基本結構:主語 + am/is/are + going to + do + 其它;主語 + will/shall + do + 其它 4.否定形式:主語 + am/is/are not going to do ;主語 + will/shall not do + 其它 5.一般疑問句:be放於句首;will/shall提到句首。{首字母大寫} 6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他們將有一場比賽和我們一起研究。 It is going to rain.天要下雨了。
一般過去將來時
1.概念:立足於過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用於賓語從句中。 2.時間狀語:The next day (morning \, year…),the following month(week…),etc. 3.基本結構:主語 + was/were + going to + do + 其它;主語 + would/should + do +其它 4.否定形式:主語 + was/were + not + going to + do; 主語 + would/should + not + do. 5.一般疑問句:was或were放於句首;would/should 提到句首。 6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他說他第二天要去北京。 I asked who was going there.我問,誰要去那裡。
現在進行時
1.概念:表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。 2.時間狀語:Now, at this time, days, etc. look, listen 3.基本結構:主語 + be + doing + 其它 4.否定形式:主語 + be + not +doing + 其它 5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首。 6.例句:How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺如何? He is doing well in his lessons.在課上他表現得很好。
過去進行時
1.概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。 2.時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。 3.基本結構 主語+was/were +doing +其它 4.否定形式:主語+was/were + not +doing+其它 5.一般疑問句:把was或were放於句首。(第一個字母大寫) 6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段時間她在人民解放軍部隊工作。 When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他進來時,我正在讀報紙。
將來進行時
1.概念:表示將來某一時間正在進行的動作,或表示要在將來某一時間開始,並繼續下去的動作。常用來表示詢問、請求等。 2.時間狀語:Soon, tomorrow, this evening,on Sunday, by this time,in two days, tomorrow evening 3.基本結構:主語 + shall/will + be + 現在分詞 + 其它 4.否定形式:主語 + shall/will + not + be + 現在分詞 + 其它 5.例句:This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的這個時間,他們正坐在電影院。 He won』t be coming to the party.他不去參加聚會了。
過去將來進行時
1.概念:表示就過去某一時間而言,將來某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作,主要用於賓語從句中,尤其多用於間接引語中。 2.基本結構:should/would + be + 現在分詞 3.例句:They said they would be coming.他們說了他們將要來。 He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.他說他不能來因為要開會。
現在完成時
1.概念:過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果,或從過去已經開始,持續到現在的動作或狀態。 2.時間狀語:yet, already ,just, never, ever, so far, by now, since + 時間點,for + 時間段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. 3.基本結構:主語 + have/has + p.p(過去分詞) + 其它 4.否定形式:主語 + have/has + not + p.p(過去分詞) + 其它 5.一般疑問句:have或has放句首。 6.例句:I've written an article.我已經寫了一篇論文。 The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.在過去的幾年,農村發生了巨大的變化。
過去完成時
1.概念:以過去某個時間為標准,在此以前發生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即「過去的過去」。 2.時間狀語:Before, by the end of last year (term, month…),etc. 3.基本結構:主語 + had + p.p(過去分詞) + 其它 4.否定形式:主語 + had + not +p.p(過去分詞) + 其它 5.一般疑問句:had放於句首。 6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.當我們到車站的時候,火車已經開走了。 By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books.到上個月底,我們已經復習了四本書。 基本結構:主語 + had + p.p(過去分詞) + 其它 ①肯定句:主語 + had + p.p(過去分詞) + 其它 ②否定句:主語 + had + not + p.p(過去分詞) + 其它 ③一般疑問句:Had +主語 + p.p(過去分詞)+其它 ④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞 + 一般疑問句
將來完成時
1.概念:在將來某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態 2.時間狀語:by the time of; by the end of + 時間短語(將來);by the time + 從句(將來) 3.基本結構:主語 + be going to/will/shall + have + p.p(過去分詞) + 其它 4例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.到你回來的時候,就將發生巨大的變化。
過去將來完成時
1.概念:表示在過去某一時間對將來某一時刻以前所會發生的動作,常用在虛擬語氣中,表示與過去的事實相反。 2.基本結構:should/would have done sth. 3.例句:I thought you'd have left by this time.我想這會兒你已經走了。 He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock.他告訴他們他會在8點以前幹完。
現在完成進行時
1.概念:表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續到現在的動作。這一動作可能剛剛開始,也可能仍在繼續,並可能延續到將來。 2.基本結構:主語 + have/has + been + doing + 其它 3.時間狀語:since + 時間點,for + 時間段等。 4.例子:I have been sitting here for an hour.我已經在這里坐了一個小時。 The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.從6點起,孩子們一直看電視。
過去完成進行時
1.概念:表示某個正在進行的動作或狀態,持續到過去某個時刻,還未完成,一直持續到之後的當前才結束。 2.基本結構:主語 + had + been + doing + 其它 3.例子:She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考試之前一直患重感冒。 Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他們期待這個消息有一段時間了吧? 4.特殊含義:①尚未完成:He had been writing the novel.他已經在寫小說了。(他沒寫完) ②企圖:He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾經學習過這個諺語。(他曾努力學習過它) ③未得結果:We had been studying what our enemy had said.我們一直致力於敵人所說的。(但是我們沒有理解) ④最近情況:He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一場架。(最近) ⑤反復動作:He had been asking me the same question.他一直問我相同的問題。(屢次) ⑥情緒:What had he been doing?他做了什麼?(不耐煩)
將來完成進行時
1.概念:表示動作從某一時間開始一直延續到將來某一時間。是否繼續下去,要視上下文而定。 2.基本結構:shall/will have been doing 3.例子:I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底,我將在這個工廠工作20年了。 If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱們如不快一點兒,等我們到了那兒,店門就會關了。
過去將來完成進行時
1.概念:表示從過去某時看至未來某時以前會一直在進行的動作。 2.基本結構:should/would + have + been +現在分詞 3.例子:He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告訴我,到年底時,他就在那住了30年了。
4. 英語共計多少種語法全部的,多少種詞。
一共16個時態,分別是:
1、一般現在時 。
2、一般過去時 。
3、一般將來時。
4、一般過去將來時。
5、現在進行時 。
6、過去進行時 。
7、將來進行時 。
8、過去將來進行時。
9、現在完成時 。
10、過去完成時 。
11、將來完成時 。
12、過去將來完成時。
13、現在完成進行時 。
14、過去完成進行時 。
15、將來完成進行時 。
16、過去將來完成進行時。
(4)英語有哪些語法例句擴展閱讀:
英語測試
英國:國際英語測試系統(IELTS,International English Language Testing System,雅思),劍橋英文認證(Cambridge Main Suit),劍橋商務英語(Cambridge Business EnglishCertificate)。
美國:托福(TOEFL),機考托福(CBT;逐漸廢除),網考托福(iBT),托業(TOEIC,商用英文考試),英語口語水平測試(TSE)。
中國大陸:,大學英語考試(CET),大學英語四級考試(CET-4),大學英語六級考試(CET-6),高等學校英語專業考試(TEM),英語專業四級考試(TEM-4),英語專業八級考試(TEM-8),英語等級考試(PETS)。
中國台灣:全民英語能力分級檢定測驗(GEPT)。
5. 英語語法及例句
語言要遵循一定的規則,這種規則即被我們稱之為「語法」。許多學生在英語學習中一聽「語法」頭就大,產生恐懼、厭學的心理。教師要遵循「精講多練,講練結合,以練為主」的教學方法,同時還要注意提高學習效率,減輕學生的作業負擔,實現語言為交流工具的目的。筆者在多年的教學實踐中總結:語法教學要重視例句的選擇。
一、代表性
例句的選擇在結構上要有代表性,起到掌握這個句型就能夠舉一反三的作用。歷年的高考試題、學生比較熟悉的經典習題等,我們不妨拿來一試。
如,講動詞不定式的主動式和被動式:
She went to the ball not only to see,but also to be seen.(她去參加舞會不僅為了見見世面。也為了出出風頭。)
如with復合結構,即with+賓語+賓語補足語:
With two exams to worry about,I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004,北京)
關於情態動詞must have done 表對過去情況肯定的猜測:
I have lost one of my gloves. I must have dropped it somewhere. (2005,北京)
二、簡潔性
有些教師認為,例句越難越好,難的會了容易的就更會了;還有教師因為學生上課不好好聽課,主張選難懂的句子來鎮鎮他們。其實不然。正如人的認知規律「由易到難」,對於語法學習有困難的學生而言,復雜的例句只會讓他們更頭痛,對語法更畏懼,對英語學習更沒興趣。選擇結構簡潔的例句,語言上通俗易懂,讀來朗朗上口,學生容易記,也記得牢。
如講動詞不定式的語法功能時:
1.
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.(to do 不定式作定語,修飾序數詞)
2.
To see is to believe.(to do 不定式坐主語和表語)
對比學習Seeing is believing.(動名詞作主語和表語)
3.
It is easier to say something than to do something. (to do 不定式作句子的真正主語,It為形式主語)
對比學習It is easier said than done.
三、趣味性
興趣是產生學習激情的巨大動力。選擇內容生動有趣的例句,如諺語、成語、俚語等,這樣學生有了興趣,就願意多念,念熟了就能由次及彼。
如: 倒裝結構「so+助動詞+主語+謂語+------」:
As a man lives,so shall he dies.(有生就有死)
As a man sows, so shall he reap.(種瓜得瓜。種豆得豆)
下邊還有一個比較級的句子:
The old man was not any more fond of being read to than the old woman.
此句的翻譯為「那個老頭和老太太一樣,都喜歡別人讀書給他們聽」。有學生將它譯為「那個老頭不喜歡別人給他念書,就喜歡哪個老太太」,這就要鬧笑話了。
四、積極性
選擇一些內容積極向上的語法例句,如名言警句等。這不僅能讓學生掌握相應的語法知識,同時也起到教育的情感目的,起到教育人的作用。
One half of knowing what you want is knowing what you must give up before you get it.
知道想要什麼,一半在於知道得到它之前必須放棄什麼。 (表語從句)
Victory will not come to me unless I go to it. 勝利是不會向我走來的,我必須自己走向勝利。 (條件狀語從句)
All that litters is not gold. 閃光的並非都是金子。 (定語從句)
五、綜合性
在實際的語法教學中,很少有獨立的語法項目,很多時候許多的語法知識匯集在一個句中。選擇綜合性較強的例句來講解,讓學生背誦,能起到事半功倍的效果。如:
It was playing computer games that cost the boy much time he ought to have spent in doing his lessons.
這個例句綜合了:
強調句型:It was---that---
定語從句:---time (that) he ought to have---lessons
情態動詞:ought to have spent---
動名詞作主語:---playing computer games cost the boy much more time---
總之,適當的例句選擇不僅能夠讓學生理解語法,掌握重點,還能在茫茫題海中減輕學生大量背誦和大量習題的課業負擔,有效提高教學質量。教師要注意多研究,多積累,找出更多的語法教學方法。
6. 英語的時態語法(所有)+例句
1. 現在一般時與現在完成時
1) I come from Shanghai(上海人)
I have come from Shanghai(從上海來)
2) You read very well. (強調能力)
You've read very well. (強調一次剛完成的動作)
3) I forget.(一時想不起來了)
I have forgotten.(仍沒想起來,可能已回憶起來了)
4) The book is written in simple English. (表狀態)
The book has been written in simple English.(表動態,已用英語寫成)
5) Every time I see him, he's been reading. (兩個動作不可能同時進行)Every time I have seen him, he's been reading. (強調兩個動作同時進行)
6) He is gone. (強調狀態)He has gone (強調動作和時間)
7) He won't come till the play begins. (演出開始時)
He won't come till the play has begun.(戲已開始)
8) After I leave school, I'll go to college. (兩個動作緊密相接)
After I have left school, I'll go to college.(強調畢業後,兩個動作可能有間隔)
9) It is a long time since I saw you last. It's been a long time since I saw you last.(這兩句話一樣,後一句是美國英語)
10) Where are you? (在哪)Where have you been?(去了哪)
2. 現在一般時與現在進行時
1) He works hard.(強調始終如一)He is working hard.(強調現在)
2) What do you do? (干什麼工作的)What are you doing?(在干什麼)
3) Here comes the bus! (表高興和欣慰)
The bus is coming.(汽車到來的情景)
4) I forget him name. I'm forgetting his name.(差點把他的名字忘了)
5) You don't eat much. (強調胃口不大)
You're not eating much.(你怎麼不吃呀)
6) The match starts at 7 o'clock. (比較固定,不宜改變)
The match is starting at 7 o'clock.(可以改變)
7) Tom always comes late. Tom is always coming late.(表示不滿,責備)
8)Tom goes to college now.
Tom is going to college now.(這兩句區別不大,後者更生動)
9) I tell you.(我可以告訴你)
I'm telling you.(我告訴你吧,有感情色彩)
10) He always sleeps in the afternoon.
He is always sleeping in the afternoon.(後者意味著整個下午都睡掉了)
11) I expect you to phone me. ( 幾乎等於命令)
I'm expecting you to phone me.(婉轉)
12) What do you say? What are you saying?(你說些什麼呀,表說話人驚訝,不滿)
12) I find that the book is too difficult for me.(強調結果) I'm finding that the book is too difficult for me. (強調過程,逐漸感到)
13) Apples cost more these days.(強調事實)
Apples are costing more these days.(越來越貴)
14) He always thinks of others.
He's always thinking of others.(表示贊揚)
15) Whenever I see him, he argues with somebody.(強調兩個動作有先後) Whenever I see him, he is arguing with somebody.(強調兩個動作同時進行)
16) I hope you'll give us some advice.
I'm hoping you'll give us some advice.(表示語氣婉轉)
17) I must go. (我應該去)I must be going.(我該走了)
18) We can discuss this while we eat.(說話是沒用餐)
We can discuss this while we are eating.(進餐已開始)
3. 現在完成時與過去一般時
1) I've seen him this morning.(還在上午的時間里)
I saw him this morning.(時間已不在上午了)
2) Who's opened the window? (窗戶還在開著)
Who opened the window? (與現在無關,窗戶可能已關上)
3) Have you ever heard him sing? (他可能不是愛唱歌)
Did you ever hear him sing?(你曾聽過他唱歌嗎,他可能是歌唱家)
4) Have you ever heard of such a thing? (你聽過這種事嗎)
Did you ever hear of such a thing?(這種事, 你聽說過嗎? 是一個修辭性問題,表示驚異。)
5) What have I done to make you so angry? (對方仍生氣)
What did I do to make you so angry? (暗示某一過去的時間,可能對方已不生氣了。)
6) How has he done it? (他這活乾的怎麼樣?強調結果)
How did he do it?(他是怎麼干這活的?強調幹活的方式)
7) He has lived in New York for eight years. (他仍在紐約)
He lived in New York for eight years.(他可能不在人世了)
8) He has been called a thinker.
He was called a thinker.(他曾被譽為思想家)
9) You've heard what I said. (你聽見我的話了)
You heard what I said.(你是聽見我的話的,口氣嚴厲,具有感情色彩。)
10) I've lost my pen. (筆還沒找到)I lost my pen.(筆可能找到了)
11) He has already been there. (曾去過哪)
He was already there.(當時在哪)
12) Since I have been ill, my friend has visited me every day.(生病還在延續)Since I was ill, my friend has visited me every day. (病已好了)
13) Have you slept well? (暗示疲倦了,休息後是否好些了)
Did you sleep well?(暗示睡的是否舒服,滿意)
4. 過去完成時與過去一般時
1) I came here after I finished middle school.(兩個動作每間隔)
I came here after I had finished middle school.(兩個動作有間隔,強調先後概念)
2) I waited till I saw him.
I waited till I had seen him. (這兩個句子差不多,過去完成時更普遍)
3) We hoped he would come.(我們希望他來)
We had hoped he would come.(我們本希望他來的)
4) I don't think he sang as well as he once did.(指具體一次)
I don't think he sang as well as he had once done.(泛指以前,現在可能不唱了)
5) Before I came here, I was a soldier.(我來此以前在當兵)
Before I came here, I had been a soldier.(我來此以前,曾當過兵)
6) Jim said he didn't know he was so strong.(表示Jim在說話時仍很結實) Jim said he didn't know he had been so strong.(表示在Jim說話之前曾結實過)
7) They were friends from many years.(表示現在還是朋友)
They had been friends for many years.(意味這友誼結束了)
8) He did the work at 6.(強調時間)
He had done the work at 6. (6點工作已做完)
9) I learned French ring my holiday.(強調學了)
I had learned French ring my holiday. (強調學會了)
10) When she sang she sat down.(表示唱著坐下)
When she had sung she sat down.(表示唱完坐下)
11) I went to bed when I did my homework.(不明確)
I went to bed when I had done my homework.(作業做完)
12) I have lived here since I was a child.(從我長大成人)
I have lived here since I had a child.(從我孩提時)
5. 過去進行時與過去一般時
1) I read a book yesterday. (書已看完)
I was reading a book yesterday.(書尚未看完)
2) The guests arrived.(客人已到)
The guests were arriving.(客人陸續到達)
3) He woke from a dream. (表示全醒)
He was waking from a dream.(表示初醒)
4) The old man died.(已死) The old man was dying.(要死)
5) John told me about it.(告訴我了,我都知道了)
John was telling me about it.(跟我談起過,我想了解更多的事情)
6) They persuaded me to go along with them.(已經說服)
They were persuading me to go along with them.(還在勸說)
7) The wind blew hard all night.(強調事實)
The wind was blowing hard all night.(強調風刮個不停)
8) I expected you. I was expecting you.(客氣,表示可能等了很舊了)
9) He knocked at the door.(強調一次性)
He was knocking at the door.(強調多次性)
6. 將來一般時與現在進行時
1) Will he come? Is he coming?(時間發生的比較近)
2) How long will you stay hear? (表示意願)
How long will you stay here?(表示打算)
3) She'll have a baby. (表示肯定)
She's going to have a baby.(表示推測,計劃)
4) I'll see him this evening.(表示意願)
I'm seeing him this evening.(表示打算,已有安排)
7. 現在一般時與過去一般式
1) Do you wish to see me?
Did you wish to see me?(表示婉轉客氣)
2) That's all I have to say.(我的話就這些)
That's all I had to say.(我要說的就這些)
3) How do you like the film? (看電影過程中)
How did you like the film?(看完電影後)
4) It is nice to see you.(見面時說)
It was so nice to see you.(離別時說)
5) I never like him. (沒時間性)
I never liked him.(從來沒喜歡過)
6) I think I know that voice.(沒見客人時)
I thought I know that voice.(見到客人時,證明自己正確或錯誤)
7) Who is that? (哪人還在)
Who was that?(人已不在場了)
8) This cake is made at home. (家裡常做這種蛋糕)
This cake was made at home.(這種蛋糕是自家做的)
8.現在完成時與現在完成進行時
1) Someone has phoned you.(打了電話)
Someone has been phoning you.(一直在打電話)
2) I've read the novel.(已讀完)
I've been reading the novel.(還沒讀完)
3) He has lived here for six weeks.
e has been living here for six weeks. (區別不大,後者更口語化)
4) Have you met her lately?
Have you been meeting her lately?(強調動作的重復,經常見面)
5) Who's eaten my apples? ( 蘋果沒有了)
Who's been eating my apples?(有感情色彩,表示憤怒不滿)
9.現在一般時與過去完成時
1) I hope that he'll come.
I had hoped he would come.(與事實相反)
(經常這樣用的詞有:expect, think, intend, mean, suppose)
7. 英語語法 被動 例句
should have been given the job
been showed what to do
8. 求英語各語法的例句
第一單元 詞形變化
第二單元 動詞的四種時態
第一節 一般現在時
一.主語為「三單」
1 吉姆經常猜測我的秘密。
Jim often guesses my secrets.(guess-guesses)
2 吉姆經常在公共汽車上吸煙。
Jim often smokes in the bus. (smoke-smokes)
3 這位老師經常在放學後打籃球。
The teacher often plays basketball after school. (play-plays)
二.主語非「三單」
4 吉姆和他的妻子經常猜測我的秘密。
Jim and his wife often guess my secrets.
5 吉姆和大明經常在公共汽車上吸煙。
Jim and Daming often smoke in the bus.
6 這些老師經常在放學後打籃球。
The teachers often play basketball after school.
第二節 現在進行時
7 吉姆正在給他的叔叔寫信。
Jim is writing to his uncle. (write-writing)
8 吉姆和他的妻子正在尋找那個嬰兒。
Jim and his wife are looking for the baby. (look-looking)
9 他們正在製造這種葯。
They are making the medicine. (make-making)
第三節 一般將來時BE GOING TO結構
10 吉姆打算明天給他的叔叔寫信。
Jim is going to write to his uncle tomorrow.
11 吉姆和他的妻子打算明天尋找那個嬰兒。
Jim and his wife are going to look for the baby tomorrow.
12 他們打算製造這種葯。
They are going to make the medicine.
第四節 一般過去時
13 這些老師昨天打籃球了。
The teachers played basketball yesterday. (play-played)
14 吉姆的叔叔十個星期前參觀了我們的學校。
Jim』s uncle visited our school ten weeks ago. (visit-visited)
15 吉姆和他的妻子昨天找到了那個嬰兒。
Jim and his wife found the baby yesterday. (find-found)
16 他們上個星期製造了那種葯。
They made the medicine last week. (make-made)
17 吉姆上個星期給他的叔叔寫信了。
Jim wrote to his uncle last week. (write-wrote)
第三單元 後置狀語集中練習
第一節 副詞後置做狀語
1 吉姆正在認真地給他的叔叔寫信。
Jim is writing to his uncle carefully.
2 吉姆的叔叔正在到處尋找那個嬰兒。
Jim』s uncle is looking for the baby everywhere.
3 吉姆是足夠地聰明,(完全可以)理解這十個故事。
Jim is clever enough to understand the ten stories.
第二節 介詞短語後置做狀語
4 湯姆昨天乘公共汽車去上學了。
Tom went to school by bus yesterday.
5 湯姆正在教室里給他的叔叔寫信。
Tom is writing to his uncle in the classroom.
6 我打算明天和我的叔叔打籃球。
I am going to play basketball with my uncle tomorrow.
第四單元 後置定語集中練習
第一節 介詞短語後置做定語
1 教室里的那個男子是我的老師。
The man in the classroom is my teacher.
2 吉姆是一個十周的嬰兒。
Jim is a baby of ten weeks.
3 我昨天丟失了我的小汽車上的鑰匙。
I lost the key to my car yesterday.
第二節 動詞不定式後置做定語
4 最好的打籃球的地方是我們學校。
The best place to play basketball is our school.
5 他們正在製造幫助戒煙的葯品。
They are making the medicine to help give up smoking.
6 他的參觀我們學校的計劃是非常奇怪的。
His plan to visit our school is very strange.
第三節 形容詞(短語)後置做定語
7 吉姆正在寫一些容易理解的東西。
Jim is writing something easy to understand.
8 大明是一個擅長打籃球的男子。
Daming is a man good at playing basketball.
9 這是一個容易猜測的秘密。It is a secret easy to guess.
第四節 定語從句
10 正在幫助梅梅的那個男子是我們的老師。
The man who is helping Meimei is our teacher.
11 吉姆上個星期參觀了他叔叔參觀過的那個地方。
Jim visited the place his uncle had visited last week.
12 我的叔叔正在尋找他的妻子昨天丟失的那把鑰匙。
My uncle is looking for the key his wife lost yesterday.
第五單元 代詞IT的常見用法
第一節 IT指代前面出現過的名詞
1吉姆丟失了他的鑰匙。他正在尋找它。
Jim lost his key. He is looking for it.
2那是一個容易理解的故事。
It is a story easy to understand.
第二節 IT表示:時間,距離,天氣等。
3 --- 幾點了? --- 三點十分。
--- What time is it? --- It』s three ten.
4 --- 多遠? --- 非常遠。
---How far is it? ---It』s very far.
5 昨天下雨了。It rained yesterday.
第三節 IT在句中充當形式主語
6 戒煙是正確的。It』s right to give up smoking.
7 你戒了煙,這使我非常高興。
It made me very happy that you gave up smoking.
8 吸煙太多是沒有好處的。
It』s no good smoking too much.
第四節 在句中充當形式賓語
9 吉姆感到幫助這位老師是快樂的。
Jim feels it happy to help the teacher.
10 吉姆發現他的叔叔丟了嬰兒這件事很奇怪。
Jim found it strange that his uncle lost the baby.
11 這種葯將會使戒煙很容易。
The medicine will make it very easy to give up smoking.
第六單元 一般疑問句集中練習
第一節 一般疑問句結構快速理解
1 基本結構:助動詞+句子主語+其它成分
2 小心:助動詞形式要與時態保持高度一致
一 謂語動詞為一般現在時
(一)主語為「三單」
1 --- 吉姆經常猜測我的秘密嗎? --- 是的,他經常猜測。
--- Does Jim often guess my secrets? --- Yes, he does.
2 ---吉姆在公交車上吸煙嗎? ---不,他不吸。
--- Does Jim smoke in the bus? --- No, he doesn』t.
3 ---這位老師放學後打籃球嗎?---是的,她打。
--- Does the teacher play basketball after school?
--- Yes, she does.
(二)主語非「三單」
4 ---吉姆和他的妻子猜測我的秘密嗎? ---不,他們不猜測。
--- Do Jim and his wife guess my secrets?
--- No, they don』t.
5 ---吉姆和大明在公交車上吸煙嗎? ---是的,他們吸。
--- Do Jim and Daming smoke in the bus?
--- Yes, they do.
6 ---這些老師放學後打籃球嗎? ---不,他們不打。
--- Do the teachers play basketball after school?
--- No, they don』t.
二 謂語動詞為現在進行時
7 ---吉姆正在認真地給他的叔叔寫信嗎?
---是的,他正在認真地寫。
--- Is Jim writing to his uncle carefully? --- Yes, he is.
8 ---吉姆和他的妻子正在到處尋找那個嬰兒嗎?
---不,他們不在找。
--- Are Jim and his wife looking for the baby everywhere?
--- No, they aren』t.
9 ---他們正在製造那種葯嗎? ---是的,他們正在製造。
--- Are they making the medicine? --- Yes, they are.
三 謂語動詞為一般將來時
10 ---梅梅打算明天給他的叔叔寫信嗎? ---不,她沒有。
--- Is Meimei going to write to his uncle tomorrow?
--- No, she isn』t.
11 ---吉姆和他的妻子打算明天尋找嬰兒嗎? ---是的。
--- Are Jim and his wife going to look for the baby tomorrow? --- Yes, they are.
12 ---他們打算製造這種葯嗎? ---不,他們沒有。
--- Are they going to make the medicine? --- No, they aren』t.
四 謂語動詞為一般過去時
13 ---那些老師昨天打籃球了嗎? ---是的,他們打了。
--- Did the teachers play basketball yesterday?
--- Yes, they did.
14 ---吉姆的叔叔上個星期給吉姆寫信了嗎?
---不,他沒寫。
--- Did Jim』s uncle write to Jim last week? --- No, he didn』t.
15 ---吉姆的叔叔們十個星期前參觀了我們學校嗎?
---是的,他們參觀了。
--- Did Jim』s uncles visit our school ten weeks ago?
--- Yes, they did.
16 ---吉姆和他的妻子昨天尋找那位嬰兒了嗎?
---不,他們沒找。
--- Did Jim and his wife look for the baby yesterday?
--- No, they didn』t.
17 ---他們上個星期製造了那種葯嗎? ---不,他們沒有。
--- Did they make the medicine last week? --- No, they didn』t.
第二節 一般疑問句綜合訓練
第一組
18 ---那是個容易猜測的秘密嗎? ---是的,它是。
--- Is it a secret easy to guess? --- Yes, it is.
19 ---吉姆正在和他的叔叔尋找那個東西嗎?
---不,他不在找。
--- Is Jim looking for it with his uncle? --- No, he isn』t.
20 ---戒煙容易嗎? ---是的,容易。
--- Is it easy to give up smoking? --- Yes, it is.
21 ---我戒了煙使你高興嗎? ---不,不是的。
--- Did it make you happy that I gave up smoking?
--- No, it didn』t.
22 ---吉姆感到幫助老師是快樂的嗎? ---不,不是的。
--- Does Jim feel it happy to help the teacher?
--- No, he doesn』t.
23 ---吉姆發現他的叔叔丟了他的嬰兒這事奇怪嗎?
---是的。
--- Did Jim find it strange that his uncle lost his baby?
--- Yes, he did.
24 ---這種葯將會使戒煙(變得)容易嗎?---是的,它會的。
--- Will the medicine make it easy to give up smoking?
--- Yes, it will.
第二組
25 ---吉姆足夠聰明(可以)理解這十個故事嗎?
---不,不是的。
--- Is Jim clever enough to understand the ten stories?
--- No, he isn』t.
26 ---吉姆昨天乘公交車去上學了嗎? ---是的。
--- Did Jim go to school by bus yesterday?
--- Yes, he did.
27 ---湯姆正在教室里給他的叔叔寫信嗎?
---不,他不在寫。
--- Is Tom writing to his uncle in the classroom?
--- No, he isn』t.
28 ---你打算明天和我叔叔一起打籃球嗎? ---是的。
--- Are you going to play basketball with my uncle tomorrow? --- Yes, I am.
29 ---教室里的那個男子是我的老師嗎? ---不,他不是。
--- Is the man in the classroom my teacher? --- No, he isn』t.
30 ---吉姆的妹妹是十周大的嬰兒嗎? ---是的,她是。
--- Is Jim』s sister a baby of ten weeks? --- Yes, she is.
31 ---你昨天丟了你小汽車上的鑰匙嗎? ---不,我沒丟。
--- Did you lose the key to your car yesterday?
--- No, I didn』t.
第三組
32 ---我們學校是打籃球最好的地方嗎? ---是的。
--- Is our school the best place to play basketball? --- Yes, it is.
33 ---他們正在製造幫助戒煙的葯嗎? ---不,不是的。
--- Are they making the medicine to help give up smoking?
--- No, they aren』t.
34 ---他參觀我們學校的計劃非常奇怪嗎? ---是的。
--- Is his plan to visit our school very strange? --- Yes, it is.
35 ---吉姆的姐姐正在寫一些容易理解的東西嗎?
---不,不是的。
--- Is Jim』s sister writing something easy to understand?
--- No, she isn』t.
36 ---大明是一個擅長打籃球的男子嗎? ---是的,他是。
--- Is Daming a man good at playing basketball? --- Yes, he is.
37 ---那是一個容易猜測的秘密嗎? ---不,它不是。
--- Is it a secret easy to guess? --- No, it isn』t.
第四組
38 ---正在幫助梅梅的那個男子是我們的老師嗎?
---是的,他是。
--- Is the man who is helping Meimei our teacher?
--- Yes, he is.
39 ---吉姆上個星期參觀了他叔叔參觀過的那個地方嗎?
---不,他沒有。
--- Did Jim visit the place his uncle had visited last week? --- No, he didn』t.
40 ---你的媽媽正在尋找你昨天丟失的鑰匙嗎?
---是的,她正在找。
--- Is your mom looking for the key you lost yesterday?
--- Yes, she is.
第七單元 特殊疑問句集中練習
第一節 特殊疑問句結構快速理解
1 基本結構:疑問詞+助動詞+句子主語+其它成分
2 小心:助動詞形式要與時態保持高度一致
一 謂語動詞為一般現在時
(一)主語為「三單」
1 ---吉姆怎麼去上學? ---乘公交車。
--- How does Jim go to school? --- By bus.
2 ---吉姆平常在哪兒吸煙? ---在公交車上。
--- Where does Jim usually smoke? --- In the bus.
3 ---這位老師平常在什麼時候打籃球? ---放學後。
--- When does the teacher usually play basketball?
--- After school.
(二)主語非「三單」
4 吉姆和大明平常在哪兒吸煙?
Where do Jim and Daming usually smoke?
5 這些老師平常在什麼時候打籃球?
When do the teachers usually play basketball?
二 謂語動詞為現在進行時
6 吉姆正在給誰寫信?Whom is Jim writing to?
7 吉姆和他的妻子正在尋找誰?
Whom are Jim and his wife looking for?
8 他們正在製作什麼?What are they making?
三 謂語動詞為一般將來時
9 吉姆打算在明天給誰寫信?
Whom is Jim going to write to tomorrow?
10 吉姆和他的妻子打算在什麼時候尋找那個嬰兒?
When are Jim and his wife going to look for the baby?
11 他們打算明天製造什麼?
What are they going to make tomorrow?
四 謂語動詞為一般過去時
12 這些老師昨天玩什麼了?
What did the teachers play yesterday?
13 吉姆的叔叔十個星期前參觀了什麼地方?
What place did Jim』s uncle visit ten weeks ago?
14 吉姆和他的妻子昨天尋找誰了?
Whom did Jim and his wife look for yesterday?
15 他們上個星期製作了什麼?
What did they make last week?
16 吉姆什麼時候給他的叔叔寫信了?
When did Jim write to his uncle?
第二節 特殊疑問句綜合訓練
第一組
17 吉姆幾歲了?How old is Jim?
18 吉姆正在到處尋找誰?
Whom is Jim looking for everywhere?
19 湯姆什麼時候乘公交車去上學了?
When did Tom go to school by bus?
20 湯姆正在教室里給誰寫信?
Whom is Tom writing to in the classroom?
21 你打算明天和我玩什麼?
What are you going to play with me tomorrow?
22 教室里的那個男子是誰?
Who is the man in the classroom?
第二組
23 你什麼時候丟失了你的小汽車上的鑰匙?
When did you lose the key to your car?
24 打籃球的最好的地方在哪裡?
Where is the best place to play basketball?
25 他參觀我們學校的計劃怎麼樣?
How is his plan to visit our school?
26 吉姆什麼時候在教室里秘密地寫東西了?
When did Jim write something secretly in the classroom?
第三組
27 正在幫助梅梅的那個男子是誰?
Who is the man helping Meimei?
28 吉姆什麼時候參觀了他叔叔參觀過的那個地方?
When did Jim visit the place his uncle had visited?
29 你叔叔正在哪裡尋找他妻子昨天丟失的鑰匙?
Where is your uncle looking for the key his wife lost yesterday?
第八單元 賓語從句集中練習
第一節 引導詞為THAT
1 大明發現吉姆昨天在教室里秘密地寫了一些東西。
Daming found (that) Jim wrote something secretly in the classroom yesterday.
2 我感到吸太多的煙是沒有好處的。
I feel (that) it is no good smoking too much.
第二節 引導詞為IF
3 湯姆的叔叔問我湯姆是否經常乘公交車去上學。
Tom』s uncle asks me if Tom often goes to school by bus .
4 我叔叔問我是否打算明天和你打籃球。
My uncle asks me if I am going to play basketball with you tomorrow.
5 吉姆問我教室里的那個男子是否是我的老師。
Jim asks me if the man in the classroom is my teacher.
6 吉姆的叔叔問吉姆他是否昨天丟失了他的小汽車上的鑰匙。
Jim』s uncle asks Jim if he lost the key to his car yesterday.
第三節 引導詞為疑問代詞或疑問副詞
7 大明問我吉姆正在到處尋找什麼。
Daming asks me what Jim is looking for everywhere.
8 大明問我湯姆打算在什麼時候乘公交車去上學。
Daming asks me when Tom is going to school by bus.
9 大明的叔叔問大明他昨天在哪裡尋找他妻子丟失的鑰匙。
Daming』s uncle asks Daming where he looked for the key his wife lost yesterday
還有許多,要的話就HI我吧,這里不發了~~
9. 英語語法點三十個有例句,謝謝
以下三十個句子的語法內容包含虛擬語氣、強調句型、定語從句、it做形式主語、非謂語動詞等等。 在讀句子時 要注意這些語法內容的運用, 最好把句子中的重點單詞全部掌握住!
1. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.如果沒有發現透視法,人們就不可能畫出如此逼真的畫。
2. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.沒有新的顏料和新的(繪畫)手法,我們就不能看到很多使這一時代著名的傑作。
3. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of paining were the Impressionists,who lived and worked in Paris.在那些突破傳統畫法的畫家中,有生活和工作在法國巴黎的印象派畫家。
4. At the time they were created,the Impressionist paintings were controversial,but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call "modern art".
在印象派作品的創建初期,它們是存在著爭議的,但是如今己被人們接受而成為現在我們所說的"現代藝術"的始祖了。
5. You can also explore Frick's beautiful home and garden which are well worth a visit.
你還可以好好考察一下弗里克美麗的故居和花園,它們是很值得一看的。
6. When you walk into the gallery, you feel as if you were inside a fragile, white seashell. 當你走進畫廊的時候,你會覺得你進入了一個易碎的白色貝殼之中。
7. It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum. 令人驚奇的是,在同一家博物館里竟能容納下19世紀後期到21世紀的如此眾多的名家巨作。
8. There are various reasons why people write poetry. 人們寫詩有著各種各樣的理由。
9. The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition.(童謠的)語言具體但富有想像力,這能使小孩子們快樂,因為它們押韻,節奏感強,並較多重復。
10. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.
通過童謠中的文字游戲,孩子們學習了語言。
11. Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up of five lines. 另外一種學生容易寫的簡體詩是由五行組成的,叫做五行詩。
12. With so many different forms of poetry to choose from,students may eventually want to write poems of their own. 有了這么多可供選擇的詩歌類型,學生們最終也許想自己作詩了。
13. I think my long and active life must be e to the healthy life I live. 我想我之所以長壽而且精力充沛,要歸功於我的健康生活。
14. First, you can become physically addicted to nicotine, which is one of the hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes.首先,你會在身體上對尼古丁有癮,它是香煙里幾百種化學物質之一。
15. I didn't know, for example, that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant.
例如,我不知道抽煙能嚴重侵害人的心臟和肺部,也不知道吸煙的夫婦生育能力會下降。
16. It isn't easy to stop smoking, but millions have managed to quit and so can you.
戒煙不容易,但許許多多的人都成功地戒掉了煙,所以你也能戒煙。
17. Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.
每當你想要吸煙的時候,你就提醒你自己,你(已經)是不吸煙的人了。
18. It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person beginsto look sick. 只有當這種病毒發展成艾滋病時,人才會顯出病態。
19. All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth's temperature is e to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to proce energy.
所有的科學家贊同這種觀點:人們為了生產能量而燃燒化石燃料如煤、天然氣和石油,從而引起了地球溫度的升高。
20. It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up. 這意味著更多的熱量被困在大氣層中,從而引起全球溫度上升。
21. It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997. 是一位名叫查爾斯·基林的科學家曾經把1957-1997年期間大氣層中二氧化碳的含量作了精確的統計。
22. They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. 他們還贊同下述觀點,正是燃燒越來越多的化石燃料導致了二氧化碳的增加。
23. On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view, believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbondioxide in the air.
另一方面,還有一些人,像科學家喬治·漢布利,反對上面的觀點,他們認為我們不必擔心空氣中會有高含量的二氧化碳。
24. It's OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it — if not, turn it off! 在用電器設備時你可以讓它開著,如果不用就把它關掉!
25. Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
收集和評估了這些信息之後,我就幫助其他科學家一起預測下次火山熔岩將往何處流去,流速是多少。
26. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. 我剛要再睡,突然我的卧室亮如白晝。
27. Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
雖然我從事火山研究很多年了,但是我對火山的壯麗景色以及它那潛在的巨大破壞力至今仍然感到驚愕不已。
28. The height of the land varies from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.
這里地面的高度從海拔700米到2000多米不等,是多種多樣稀有動植物的生長地。
29. When you arrive you are rewarded not only with the sight of its clear waters, but also by the view of the other sixteen mountain peaks that surround Tianchi.
你一到達山頂就會得到回報一一你不僅可以看到天池那清澈如鏡的湖水,而且還可以看到天池四周的16座山峰。
30. It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for language and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people. 據說這個男孩就是滿族人的祖先,具有語言天賦和很強的說服力。
10. 求英語各種語法形式的例句
狀語從句1.地點狀語從句
地點狀語從句通常由where, wherever 引導。例如:
Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方樹很多。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪裡我都會想到你。 2.方式狀語從句
方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引導。
1)as, (just) as…so…引導的方式狀語從句通常位於主句後,但在(just) as…so…結構中位於句首,這時as從句帶有比喻的含義,意思是"正如…","就像",多用於正式文體。例如: Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎樣待你,你就要怎樣待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我們離不開空氣,猶如魚兒離不開水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打掃房屋一樣,我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落後的東西。
2)as if, as though
兩者的意義和用法相同,引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣,表示與事實相反,有時也用陳述語氣,表示所說情況是事實或實現的可能性較大。漢譯常作"彷彿……似的","好像……似的"。例如:They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他們完全忽略了這些事實,就彷彿它不存在似的。(與事實相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。)
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。(與事實相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看來天氣很快就會好起來。(實現的可能性較大,謂語用陳述語氣。)
說明:as if / as though也可以引導一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語。例如:
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不轉睛地看著我,就像第一次看見我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子,像要說什麼似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波濤沖擊著岩石,好像很憤怒 3.原因狀語從句
比較because, since, as和for:
1)because語勢最強,用來說明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的問題。當原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知,就用as或 since。例如:
I didn't go, because I was afraid. 我不去是因為我怕。
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 天氣那麼糟,旅行推遲了。
2)由because引導的從句如果放在句末,且前面有逗號,則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因,而是多種情況加以推斷,就只能用for。例如:
He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 他今天缺席,因為他病了。
He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了,所以今天缺席。4.目的狀語從句
表示目的狀語的從句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導。例如:You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必須大點聲,別人就能聽見了。
He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it. 他寫下了這個名字以免以後忘記。
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多穿點衣服,以防天發冷。5.結果狀語從句
結果狀語從句常由so…that 或 such…that引導。so…that與such…that之間可以轉換。例如:
The boy is so young that he can't go to school. 這男孩年齡太小,不能上學。
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school 6. 條件狀語從句
連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引導的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。非真實條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。 unless = if not. 例如:
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累,我們去散散步。
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.
典型例題
You will be late ___ you leave immediately.
A. unless B. until C. ifD. or
答案A。句意:除非你立即走,否則你就回遲到的。可轉化為 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late。B、D句意不對,or表轉折,句子如為 You leave immediately or you will be late. 7. 讓步狀語從句
1)though, although引導的讓步狀語從句,後面的從句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可連用。例如:
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.雖然在下雨,但他們仍在地里幹活。
He is very old, but he still works very hard. 雖然他很老了,但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 傷口雖癒合,但傷疤留下了。(諺語)
2) as, though 引導的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前(形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞提前)。例如:
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. 雖然是個小孩,該做什麼不做什麼,他全知道。
3) ever if, even though即使。例如:
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好,我們也要去遠足。
4) whether…or…不管……都。例如:
Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你,這確實是真的。
5)"no matter +疑問詞" 或"疑問詞+後綴ever" 。例如:
No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind. 不管發生什麼,他不在意。
替換:no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意:no matter 不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。8. 比較while, when, as
1)as, when 引導短暫性動作的動詞。例如:
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我一剎車,有一個人向我走來。
2)當從句的動作發生於主句動作之前,只能用when 引導這個從句,不可用as 或 while。例如: When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 趕完活後,你可以休息一下。
3)從句表示"隨時間推移"連詞能用as,不用when 或while。例如:
As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天過去,天氣越變越壞。9.比較until和till
此兩個連詞意義相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某時",動詞必須是延續性的。否定形式表達的意思是"直至某時才做某事"。動詞為延續性或非延續性都可以。正確使用這兩個連詞的關鍵之一就在於判斷句中的動詞該用肯定式還是否定式。肯定句:I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等著我叫你。(在肯定句中可用before代替。例如 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.)
否定句:She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 她直到6點才到。
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽車停穩後再下車。
I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我後,我才會做。
區別:1)until可用於句首,而till通常不用於句首。例如:
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告訴我以前,出了什麼事我一點也不知道。
2)until when 疑問句中,until要放在句首。例如:
---Until when are you staying?你呆到什麼時候?
--- Until next Monday.呆到下周一。
注意:否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。
1)Not until…在句首,主句用倒裝。例如:
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世紀初,人類才知道熱為何物。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作,才認識到我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。
2)It is not until… that… 。例如:
It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.
10.表示"一…就…"的結構
hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思。例如:
I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 剛回家,就下起雨來了。
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意:如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置於句首,句子必須用倒裝結構。例如:
Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.定語從句 1.關系代詞引導的定語從句1)who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中作主語和賓語。例如:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
2) whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換)。例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3)which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等。例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作賓語)
The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。 (which / that在句中作賓語)
2.關系副詞引導的定語從句 1)關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用。例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。
Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關系副詞,可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略。例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可 能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。
名詞性從句
(一)主語從句類
I What he need is more time 2 Where she has gone is a mystery. (二)表語從句類The fact iS that she never liked him. The question is who can complete teh dificult task。(三)賓語從句類1.Do you know what they are doing? 2.It is a matter of who will hold the position.(四)同位語從句類 He has no idea what was the matter with him.
The news that his class got the first prize in the relay—is true.