人教八年級下英語哪些語法

① 2014人教版新目標八年級下冊英語語法匯總

一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或者存在的狀態。通常與表示將來的時間狀語連用，如
tomorrow,
the
day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years
等。

be going to do

（動詞原形）結構：表示打算、准備做的事情或者肯定要發生的事情。如：
It is going to rain.

will do

結構表示將來的用法：

1.
表示預見

Do you think it will rain?

You will feel better after a good rest.

2.
表示意圖

I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.

What will she do tomorrow?

基本構成如下：

一般疑問句構成：

（
1
）
will+
主語
+do
„
? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?

（
2
）
there be
結構的一般疑問句：
Will there + be
„
?

Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won』t

否定句構成：
will + not
（
won』t
）
+do

Sarah won』t come to visit me next Sunday.

特殊疑問句構成：

特殊疑問詞＋
will
＋主語＋„？
What will Sarah do next Sunday?

★★練一練★★

根據例句，用
will
改寫下列各句

例：
I don』t feel well today.
（
be better tomorrow
）

I』ll be better tomorrow
.

1. Gina has six classes today.
（
have a lot of homework tonight
）

_____________________________

2. I』m tired now.
（
sleep later
）

_____________________________

3. My parents need a new car.
（
buy one soon
）

_____________________________

4. We can』t leave right now.
（
leave a little later
）

_____________________________

5. The weather is awful today.
（
be better tomorrow
）

_____________________________
答案：
1. She』ll have a lot of homework tonight.

2. I』ll sleep later.

3. They』ll buy one soon.

4. We』ll leave a little later.

5. Maybe it』ll be better tomorrow.

② 人教新目標英語八年級下重點短語和語法

初二全科目課件教案習題匯總
語文 數學 英語 物理 歷史
12 
How much are the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?
= How much do the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans cost? 本單元目標句型： 1. How long have you been skating? 你滑冰有多長時間了？ 2. I『ve been skating since nine o『clock./since I was four years old. 我從九點一直滑到現在/我從四歲一直滑到現在。 3. I『ve been skating for five hours. 我一直滑了五小時 。 4. The more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China. 我對中國的歷史了解得越多， 我就越喜歡住在中國。 5. Was this your first skating marathon? No, I skated in a marathon last year. 6. When did you get your first pair of skates? 7. Alison was the first one to start and has been skating for the whole five hours. Alison是第一個開始並且已經滑了整整5個小時。 8. I『m talking to you from the Hilltop School Skating Marathon. 9. For every hour they skate, each student raises ten yuan for charity. 每滑一個小時，每位學生可為慈善事業籌集10元錢。 10. Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster. In fact I think it『s probably my favorite. 謝謝你送我的怪物雪球儀。事實上，我想它可能是我的最愛。 11. My mom says I have to stop, because we『ve run out of room to store them. 媽媽說我必須停止了，因為我們已經沒有地方來存放他們了。 12. The first one I ever got was a birthday cake snow globe on my twelfth birthday. 我得到的第一個雪球儀是我十二歲生日得到的生日蛋糕雪球儀。 13. I particularly love globes with animals. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me. 我特別喜歡動物雪球儀。如果你知道其他人收集他們的話，請告訴我們。 14. By the way, what『s your hobby? 15. I『m interested in the job as a writer. 16. The school newspaper needs a writer. We will give you different topics to choose from. To get the job, please answer these four questions. 校報需要一個撰稿人。我們會給你一些不同的話題來選擇。要得到這份工作，請回答這樣四個問題。 17. How many Chinese dynasties can you think of? 你能想起多少中國朝代？ 18. Can you think of famous characters from the history of other countries? Make a list. 從其他國家歷史中，你能記起一些著名人物嗎？列個表。 19. In fact, the first Jews probably came to Kaifeng more than a thousand years ago and were welcomed by the Song Emperor. 事實上，第一批猶太人可能在一千多年前就來到開封而且受到宋朝皇帝的歡迎。 20. There is some European influence in the city, and some of the old buildings in Harbin are in Russian style.這個城市有歐洲文化的影響， 而且哈爾濱的一些老建築還是俄羅斯風格的。 21. For a foreigner like me, the more I learn about Chinese culture, the more I enjoy living in China. 對於一個像我一樣的外國人來說，我對中國文化了解越多，我就越喜歡住在中國。 22. And although I live quite far from Beijing, I『m certain I will be here for the Olympic Games in 2008. 盡管我住得離北京很遠，但我相信2008年奧運會我一定在這兒。 本單元語法講解 現在完成進行時：表示從過去某時開始到現在這一段時間里一直在延續的動作。 現在完成進行式結構：have / has +been+ doing/ 1．I have been writing the letter since then.從那時起我一直在寫這封信。（動作從過去一直持續到現在還在繼續） 2．I have been collecting stamps for ten years.自從10年前我就收集郵票了（動作從過去一直現在還在收集）。 3． How long have you been living here?你在這兒已經住了多長時間了。（―居住‖動作從過去一直現在還在繼續）
13 現在完成進行時和現在完成時的區別： 1現在完成進行時比現在完成時更強調動作的延續性： 2如果沒有時間強調，現在完成進行時表示動作仍在進行，現在完成時則表示動作已經結束， 3現在完成進行時一般不適用於表狀態的動詞，而現在完成時則可： ，Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music? 1. turn… down/turn… up 關小聲/調大聲音（電器） 2. turn… on/ turn …off 打開/關閉（電器） 3. move the bike 移動自行車 4. in a minute/right away/in no time 立刻,馬上 5. be late for school/class=arrive late for school 上學/上課遲到 6. wait in line=stand in line 排隊等候 7. cut in line=jump a queue 插隊 8. get mad/annoyed 變得生氣 9. happen to sb 發生在…身上 10. half an hour 半小時 11. at first 首先 12. at last=in the end=finally 最後 13. allow sb. to do /not to do sth. 允許某人做/不做某事 14. be allowed to do /not to do sth. 某人不被允許某人做/不做某事 15. in public 當眾地；公開地；公然地 16. in public places 在公共場所 17. break the rule 不遵守規則 18. pick… up 撿起 19. put …out 熄滅 20. drop litter 扔垃圾 21. keep the voice down 控制聲音 22. do the dishes 23. put on another pair of jeans 24. be at a meeting 25. help me in the kitchen 26. make some posters 27. clothing store 28. follow…around 29. want to be polite 30. stand in the subway door 31. cut in line 32. stand close to .. 33. have different ideas about 34. feel uncomfortable 35. in all situations 36. in public places 本單元目標句型： 1. Would you mind cleaning the yard? 你介意打掃院子嗎? 2. Not at all. I『ll do it right away. 一點也不. 我馬上就掃.
14 3. Would you mind not playing baseball here. 你介意不要在這打棒球嗎? 4. Would you mind giving me a smaller one? 5. Sorry, we『ll go and play in the park. 對不起，我們到公園去打. 6. Could you (please) make dinner? 請做晚飯好嗎? 7. That『s no problem . 沒問題. 8. Could you (please) not feed the dog?=Would you mind not feeding the dog?= Would you (please) not feed the dog?=Please don『t feed the dog, will you?請不要喂狗好嗎? 9. If you finish these tasks, we can go to a movie tonight. 10. Your barber gave you a terrible haircut. 11. The store clerk gave you the wrong size. 12. The waitress brought you the wrong food. 13. The pen you bought didn『t work. 14. You ordered a hamburger with French fries but only got a hamburger. 15. We asked some people what annoyed them. Here『s what they said. 16. I don『t like waiting in line when a shop assistant has a long telephone conversation. 17. This happens to me all the time in the school library. 18. Perhaps in the future I should try not to be so polite. 19. The way people behave is different in different cultures and situations. 20. Sometimes, rules of etiquette are the same almost everywhere. 21. We might want to ask someone to behave more politely if we see them breaking a rule of etiquette. 22. Etiquette means normal and polite social behavior. 23. This may seem like a difficult word at first, but it can be very useful to understand. 24. In fact, we should also take care not to cough or sneeze loudly in public if possible. 25. People don『t usually like to be criticized, so we have to be careful how we do this. 26. 看到有人抽煙你可以說：Could you please put out that cigarette? 27. 看到有人亂丟垃圾你可以說：Would you mind picking it up? 28. 看到有人插對你可以說：Sorry, would you mind joining the line? 常見動名詞、分詞的習慣用法總結 使用-ing分詞的幾種情況 1.在進行時態中。如： 1.He is watching TV in the room. 2.They were dancing at nine o'clock last night. 2.在there be結構中。如：There is a boy swimming in the river. 3.在have fun/problems結構中。如：We have fun learning English this term. They had problems getting to the top of the mountain. 4.在介詞後面。如：
Thanks for helping me.
Are you good at playing basketball？
What /How about doing sth? 做某事怎麼樣?
I am interested in playing football. 5.在以下結構中 1. enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事； 2. finish doing sth； 完成做某事； 3. feel like doing sth 想要做某事； 4. stop doing sth 停止做某事（原來的事） 5. forget doing sth 忘記做過某事； 6. go on doing sth 繼續做某事（原來的事）； 7. remember doing sth 記得做過某事； 8. like doing sth 喜歡做某事； 9. find /see/hear/watch sb doing發現/看到/聽到/觀看某人做 10. try doing sth 試圖做某事； 11. need doing sth 需要做某事； 12. prefer doing sth 寧願做某事； 13. mind doing sth 介意做某事； 14. miss doing sth 錯過做某事； 15. practice doing sth 練習做某事； 16. be busy doing sth 忙於做某事； 17. can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事； 18. waste time/money doing 浪費時間/金錢做…;

③ 初二下冊英語（人教版）的語法

一、被動語態概述

語態是動詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關系。英語的語態共有兩種：主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者，被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態是動詞的一種特殊形式，一般說來，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態。漢語往往用"被"、"受"、"給"等詞來表示被動意義。

如：

Heopenedthedoor.他打開了這扇門。（主動語態）

Thedoorwasopened.這扇門被打開了。（被動語態）

二、被動語態的構成

被動語態由"助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞"構成。被動語態的時態變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化也如此。

1、被動語態的時態較常見的八種，現以動詞clean為例列表說明：

2、被動語態的句式變化：

以一般現在時和動詞invite為例，列表說明被動語態的句式變化：

3、含有情態動詞的被動語態

情態動詞的被動語態結構為：情態動詞+be+過去分詞；其時態及句型的變化僅由情態動詞完成，"be+過去分詞"部分不變。如：

Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石頭製造。

.那時桌子可由石頭製造。（一般過去時）

Cantablesbemadeofstone?桌子能用石頭製造嗎？（疑問句）

三、主動語態變為被動語態

轉換圖示：

1、主動語態變為被動語態的步驟：

（1）將主動句的賓語變為主語：

注意：如果主動句的賓語是代詞，需將其由賓格變為主格。如：

Tomkilledhim.→HewaskilledbyTom.

（2）將動詞改為"be+過去分詞"。

注意：Theyheldameetingyesterday.→.他們昨天開會了。

（3）將主動語態的主語改為be…放在謂語動詞後。

注意：如果原主語是代詞，則應由主格變為賓格。

Hesangasong.→Asongwassungbyhim.

2、主動語態變為被動語態的注意事項：

含有雙賓語，即直接賓語（常指事物）和間接賓語（常指人）的句子，每個賓語都可變為被動語態的主語，即其被動語態有兩種形式。但多以間接賓語作主語。

Jacktolsthetruth.傑克告訴了我們真相。

WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.

Thetruthwastold(to)usbyJack.

四、動詞的主動形式表示被動之意

系動詞無被動語態：以主動形式表示被動之意

常見的系動詞有：

①be動詞

②……起來（7個）：look/seem/appear,feel(感覺，摸起來),sound,smell,taste

e.g.Sheseems/appearshappy.Itsmellsterrible.

③(逐漸)變得/變成：become,grow,get,turn,come,go

e.g.Hiswishhascometrue.

.

Thetreeisgrowingtall.

④保持：keep,stay

e.g..

五、下列動詞（片語）沒有被動式：

1、happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,take

2、不及物動詞sell,wash,read,write,open,close,shut,lock,wear等，常用主動形式表示被動意義。

○1、.（×）昨天發生了一起事故。

Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.

○2、Theflowersmellssweet.這花聞起來很香。

○3、Thewatchlooksgood.這表看起來很好。

○4、Thisbooksellswell.這本書暢銷。

○5、Thekindofclothwasheswell.這種布很容易洗。

○6、Thearticlereadswell.這篇文章讀起來很好。

○7、Thesupermarketopensat8:00inthemorning.超市在早上八點鍾營業。

○8、Thedoorwon'tclose/shut.這門關不上。

○9、Thedoorlockseasily.這門容易鎖。

○10、Thismaterialwearswell(won'twear).這種材料耐久（不耐久）

望採納！！謝謝！！！

④ 八年級下冊英語復習資料（人教版）主要是語法

Unit 1 Will people have robots?
重點語法：一般將來時態的應用
do/does 的一般將來時態形式：(shall/will) do
do/does 的一般將來時態的被動語態：(shall/will) be done
一般將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.
否定句例句：People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.
一般疑問句例句：Will people have robots in a few years?
特殊疑問句例句：What will people have in a few years?
Unit 2 What should I do?
重點語法：過去將來時態（將來時態的委婉說法）
do/does 的過去將來時態形式：(should/would) do
do/does 的過去將來時態的被動語態：(should/would) be done
過去將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.
否定句例句：You shouldn't write a letter to him.
一般疑問句例句：Should I write a letter to him?
特殊疑問句例句：What should I do?
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
重點語法：過去進行時態
do/does 的過去進行時態形式：(was/were) doing
do/does 的過去進行時態的被動語態：(was/were) being done
過去將來時態的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.
否定句例句：I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.
一般疑問句例句：Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?
特殊疑問句例句：What were you doing when a UFO landed?

動詞 when 和 while 的選擇：when 後加瞬間動詞，while 後加延續性動詞。
例句：The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.
=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.
Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
重點語法：賓語從句
結構：主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語從句(主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語/表語)
例句：----I'm good at English. He says. (改為加賓語從句的復合句)
----He says I'm good at English.
注意：①主句是一般現在時態，賓語從句的時態不受其影響。
例句：He says I'm good at English now.
He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.
②主句是過去時態，賓語從句也要用過去時態。
例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.
He said I was good at English now yesterday.
③賓語從句是客觀真理時永遠用一般現在時態。
例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.
Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.
④動詞原形不能作主語，必須用其 -ing 形式。
例句：She said helping others changed her life.
Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!
重點語法：if 引導的條件狀語從句
結構：主句 + if + 條件狀語從句
if + 條件狀語從句 + [(comma)] + 主句
注意：在 if 引導的條件狀語從句中，主句應用將來時態，狀語從句用一般現在時態。
例句：You'll have a great time if you go to the party.
=If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
重點語法：現在完成進行時態
do/does 的現在完成進行時態形式：have/has been doing
do/does 的現在完成進行時態的被動語態：have/has been being done
現在完成進行時態所應用的場合：
①某事從過去發生一直持續到現在都在做
②過去發生的動作對現在造成影響
例：我已上了三年初中。
I have been in Junior School for 3 years.
自從那次他與我談過心後，我天天都在進步。
I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.
現在完成進行時態的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：I have been skating for five hours.
否定句例句：I haven't been skating for five hours.
一般疑問句例句：Have you been skating for five hours?
特殊疑問句例句：How long have you been skating?
注意：瞬間動詞不能和一段時間連用。
例句：你借這本書已經多長時間了？
How long have you been keeping this book?
Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
重點語法：mind [one's] doing sth. 介意（某人）做某事
重點短語：not at all 一點也不
turn down 調節使音量變小
right away = in a minute = at once 立刻；馬上
wait in line 排隊等候
cut in line 插隊等候
hasn't = has not
keep ... down 壓低聲音；使緩和
at first = first of all 首先
take care 當心；小心
take care of = care about = look after 關心；照顧
break the rule 違規
obey the rule 遵守規定
put out 熄滅
pick sth. up 撿起某物
wait for sb. 等候某人
depend on 依賴；依靠
get back = return 要回
mean → meant → meant 動詞 mean 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf?
重點語法：詢問別人為什麼要做或者不做某事
why don't you do sth. = why not do sth.
例句：Why don't you get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera?
what about = how about
例句：How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls?
重點短語：fall asleep 入睡
give away 贈送；分發
hear of = hear about 聽說
take an interest in = be interested in 對……感興趣
make friends with 與……交友
make progress 取得進步
keep → kept → kept 動詞 keep 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
feed → fed → fed 動詞 feed 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
fall → fell → fallen 動詞 fall 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
hear → heard → heard 動詞 hear 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement?
重點語法：現在完成時態
do/does 的現在完成時態形式：(have/has) done
do/does 的現在完成時態的被動語態：(have/has) been done
現在完成時態主要強調過去發生的事情對現在的影響。
例句：我去年去過美國，那是我第一次出國。
I have ever been to America. It's the first time for me to go abroad.
重點短語：have a great time = have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高興
on board 在船上
end up doing sth. 結束做某事
all year round = all over the year 終年
understand → understood → understood 動詞 understand 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
Unit 10 It's a nice day, isn't it?
重點語法：反意疑問句
反意疑問句由肯定陳述句加否定問句構成，或者由否定陳述句加肯定問句構成。
例句：He's a student, isn't he?
She's not his mother, is she?
回答反意疑問句時，要根據事實來回答。若事實是肯定的，則必須用 yes 回答。若事實是否定的，則必須用 no 回答。
例句：你還沒有準備好，對吧？
You're not ready, are you?
是的，我沒有準備好。
No, I'm not.
不，我准備好了。
Yes, I am.

希望能幫到你啊！

⑤ 人教版八年級下冊英語語法

a pair of一雙，一對
ask for 請求
ask sb (not) to do sth叫某人干
agree with贊同
all year round一年到頭，全年
all kinds of各種，各樣
all the time一直
argue with與爭吵
around the world在世界各地
arrive in/at到達
at least至少
at a meeting在開會
at first首先
as…as possible盡可能
as…as象一樣
be able to能夠
be angry with 生氣
be mad at對感到氣憤
be good at擅長於
be careful小心
be allowed被允許
be surprised驚訝
be supposed to被期望/被要求
be interested in對感興趣
break the rule打破規則
by the way順便
complain about抱怨
come along出現，發生
come true實現，達到
come in進來
cut in line插隊
call sb. up打電話給
do/wash the dishes洗碗
drop litter亂扔垃圾
do well in在方面做得好
enjoy /finish doing sth喜歡/完成某事
end up結束
fall in love with愛上
fall asleep入睡
far from遠離
first of all首先
fly to飛向
find out找到
…find it adj. to do sth
keep…down壓低聲音
keep out不讓進入
look for尋找
look smart 看起來精幹
look after照顧
look through瀏覽
let (sb) in讓進
let sbget along相處
get over克服
get annoyed生氣
get bored厭煩
get an ecation受教育
get on (well) with與相處（好）
get injured受傷
give sb sth/give sth to sb給某人某物
give away贈送
go skating去溜冰
go out of從出去/來
have a fight with與打架/爭吵
have a surprise party舉行驚訝聚會
have a great/good time玩得愉快
have been to曾到過
hear about/of聽說
hundreds of好幾百
had better (not) do sth最好做
in a minute一會兒
in 100 years100年後
in good health身體健康
in front of 在前面
in the future 未來，將來
in the front of在前面
in the playground在操場
in/out of style時髦/過時
in silence默默地
in order to目的
in (Russian) style具有俄國風格
in public places在公共場合
It take sb some time to do sth.花費某人時間干某事
the same as與相同
try (not) to do sth盡力（不）干
three quarters四分之三
turn on/off打開/關掉
turn up/down開大/關小
talk to/with與談話
take care of照顧
take part in參加
take off起飛take away拿走
take place發生
take an interest in對感興趣
take care (not) to do小心（不）做
thanks for (doing)謝謝（做）
wait in line排隊等候
want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干

make sb do sth使某人干
make a living (doing sth)謀生
make money賺錢
make friends with與交友
more than多於
need to do sth 需要干
not…anymore不再
not…until直到為止
not at all一點也不
on (my tenth) birthday在（我十歲）生日
on the phone在通話
on the one/other hand在一（另）方面
open up打開
put out熄滅
pick…up撿起
pass (sth) on (to sb)傳遞
pay for 付款
part-time job兼職工作
run out of用盡
run away逃跑
rather than勝於
right away立刻，馬上
spend…on/(in) doing sth花費
seem to do sth好象干
sleep late睡懶覺
see sb do/doing sth看某人做/在做
start/begin to do/doing sth 開始干某事
adj.(special) enough夠（特別
There will be fewer/less…
--What should I do?
--You should do…
--what were you doing when…?
--I was (doing)…when…
While he was (doing)…,a girl called the police.
If you wear jeans to the party, the teachers won』t let you in.
--How long have you been skating?
--I』ve been skating since nine o』clock/for five hours.
Would you mind (not) doing sth?
Could you please (not) do sth?
Why don』t you /not (do sth)?
How/What about sth/doingsth?
do sth 讓某人干

⑥ 人教版八年級下冊英語重點單詞短語及用法。謝謝了。

人教版新目標8年級下英語語法重點 Unit 1 Will people have robots? 重點語法：一般將來時態的應用 Unit 2 What should I do? 重點語法：過去將來時態（將來時態的委婉說法） Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 重點語法：過去進行時態 Unit 4 He said I was hard-working. 重點語法：賓語從句 Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time! 重點語法：if 引導的條件狀語從句 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? 重點語法：現在完成進行時態 Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music? 重點語法：mind [one's] doing sth. 介意（某人）做某事 Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf? 重點語法：詢問別人為什麼要做或者不做某事 Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement? 重點語法：現在完成時態 Unit 10 It's a nice day, isn't it? 重點語法：反意疑問句

⑦ 目前人教版的八年級英語語法學到哪裡了

八年級上冊學的都比較簡單，形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級，句子成分，類型，簡單句的五種基本句型，賓語從句，各種時態包括一般現在時，現在進行時，一般過去時，動詞不定式等……具體內容如下——

一、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級
1) 單音節形容詞的比較級和最高級形式是在詞尾加 -er 和 -est 構成。
great (原級) greater(比較級) greatest(最高級)
2) 以 -e 結尾的單音節形容詞的比較級和最高級是在詞尾加 -r 和 -st 構成。
wide (原級) wider (比較級) widest (最高級)
3)少數以-y, -er, -ow, -ble結尾的雙音節形容詞的比較級和最高級是在詞尾加 -er 和 -est 構成。
clever(原級) cleverer(比較級) cleverest(最高級)
4) 以 -y 結尾,但 -y 前是輔音字母的形容詞的比較級和最高級是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 構成.
happy (原形) happier (比較級) happiest (最高級)
5) 以一個輔音字母結尾其前面的母音字母發短母音的形容詞的比較級和最高級是雙寫該輔音字母然後再加 -er和-est。
big (原級) bigger (比較級) biggest (最高級)
6) 雙音節和多音節形容詞的比較級和最高級需用more 和 most 加在形容詞前面來構成。
beautiful (原級)? difficult (原級)
more beautiful (比較級) more difficult (比較級)
most beautiful (最高級) most difficult (最高級)

不規則變化
原級 比較級 最高級
good better best
many more most
much more most
bad worse worst
little less least
ill worse worst
far farther(further) farthest(furthest)
deep deeper deepest
tall taller tallest

形容詞比較級的用法:
形容詞的比較級用於兩個人或事物的比較,其結構形式如下:
主語+謂語(系動詞)+ 形容詞比較級+than+ 對比成分。 也就是, 含有形容詞比較級的主句+than+從句。注意從句常常省去意義上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下對比的成分。

形容詞最高級的用法:
形容詞最高級用於兩個以上的人和物進行比較, 其結構形式為:
主語+謂語(系動詞)+the+形容詞最高級+名詞+表示範圍的短語或從句。

二、句子成分
1、主語
主語表示句子主要說明的人或事物，一般由名詞，代詞，數詞，不定式等充當。
2、謂語
謂語說明主語的動作，狀態或特徵。
一般可分為兩類：
1)，簡單謂語
由動詞(或短語動詞)構成。
可以有不同的時態，語態和語氣。
2)，復合謂語：情態動詞＋不定式
3、表語
4、賓語
賓語表示動作行為的對象，跟在及物動詞之後，能作賓語的有名詞，代詞，數詞，動詞不定式等。
有些及物動詞可以帶兩個賓語，往往一個指人，一個指物，指人的叫間接賓語，指物的叫直接賓語。
有些及物動詞的賓語後面還需要有一個補足語，意思才完整，賓語和它的補足語構成復合賓語。
5、定語
在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語。
用作定語的主要是形容詞，代詞，數詞，名詞，副詞，動詞不定式，介詞短語等。形容詞，代詞，數詞，名詞等作定語時，通常放在被修飾的詞前面。
但副詞，動詞不定式，介詞短語等作定語時，則放在被修飾的詞之後。
6、狀語
修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句的句子成分，叫做狀語。用作狀語的通常是副詞，介詞短語，不定式和從句等。狀語一般放在被修飾的詞之後或放在句尾。副詞作狀語時可放在被修飾的詞前或句首。

三、句子類型：
1、簡單句的基本形式是由一個主語加一個謂語構成。
2、復合句（Complex Sentence）由一個主句（Principal Clause)和一個或一個以上的從句(Subordinate Clause)構成。
3、兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用並列連詞連在一起構成的句子,叫做並列句,其基本結構是「簡單句+並列連詞+簡單句」。

四、簡單句的五種基本句型
基本句型一： S V （主＋謂）
基本句型二： S V P （主＋謂＋表）
基本句型三： S V O （主＋謂＋賓）
基本句型四： S V o O （主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）
基本句型五： S V O C （主＋謂＋賓＋賓補）

五、賓語從句
在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.賓語從句分為三類:動詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句.
1. 由that引導的賓語從句。That只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義，在口語
和非正式文體中可以省略。
2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當某個成分。if或whether引導的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是「是否」。
初二上冊學的賓從就是這些。

六、時態：
一. 一般現在時: (1)表示現在的狀態, 例如:He』s twelve. (2)表示經常性的或習慣性的動作,例如:I go to school every day. (3)表示主語具備的性格和能力,
1. 肯定句結構:
(1) 行為動詞:
a. 第一、二人稱,復數人稱: They/We/You+動詞原形...
b.第三人稱單數: He/She/It+動詞-s/es…
(2)系動詞(be): I am... They/We/You are… He/She/It is…
2.否定句結構:
(1) 行為動詞:
a. 第一、二人稱,復數人稱: They/We/You+don』t+動詞原形... 例如:They don』t go to school every day.
b.第三人稱單數:He/She/It+doesn』t +動詞原形… 例如:Lily doesn』t like singing.
(2)系動詞(be): 在is/am/are後加not 例如:I am not a worker.
3. 一般疑問句結構:
a. 第一、二人稱,復數人稱: Do+they/we/you+動詞原形...
b.第三人稱單數: Does +he/she/iIt+動詞原形…
(2)系動詞(be):把is/am/are提在主語前.
二.現在進行時: 表示現在正在進行的動作或發生的事情.常與now, look…, listen…等表示現在狀態的時間狀語連用.
1.肯定句結構: 主語+is/am/are+動詞-ing…
2.否定句結構: 在is/am/are後加not
3. 一般疑問句結構: 把is/am/are提在主語前.
三.一般過去時:表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態.常與yesterday…, last…, …ago, in1990等表示過去狀態的時間狀語連用.
1. 肯定句結構:
(1) 行為動詞: 主語+動詞的過去式…
例如: The twins went to school two hours ago.
(2) 系動詞(be): I/ He/She/It+was… They/We/You+were…
例如: I was at home last night.
2.否定句結構:
(1) 行為動詞: 主語+didn』t+動詞原形…
(2)系動詞(be): 在was/were後加not
3. 一般疑問句結構:
(1) 行為動詞: Did+主語+動詞原形…?

(2)系動詞(be): 把was/were提在主語前.
例如: Were you at home last night? (Yes, I was. No, I was』t.)
四.一般將來時: 表示將來某時將要發生的動作或存在的狀態,也表示將來經常或反復發生的動作.
1. 肯定句結構:
(1)用於書面語: 主語+will+動詞…
例如: We will come to see you tomorrow
(2)用於口語: 主語+am/is/are going to+動詞…
例如: Tom is going to see his uncle next Sunday.
2.否定句結構:
(1)用於書面語: 在will後加not
例如: We won』t come to see you tomorrow. (will not=won』t)
(2)用於口語: 在is/am/are後加not.
例如: Tom isn』 going to see his uncle next Sunday.

五.動詞不定式：want /forget /remember /would like /go + to + 動詞原形…
例如: I want to get back my book..
Lucy went to see his mother last night.

八年級下冊英語語法重點，加強學習了情態動詞及用法，加強學習了一般將來時，學習了直接引語變間接引語，過去進行時，現在完成時，反義疑問句，狀語從句等。

一、情態動詞
定義:情態動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,但要與動詞原形一起使用，給謂語動詞增添情態色彩，表示說話人對有關行為或事物的態度和看法，認為其可能、應該或必要等。
位置：情態動詞在句中放在謂語動詞之前, 謂語動詞前若有助動詞,則在助動詞之前,疑問句中, 情態動詞則在主語之前。
用法初二重點掌握may和might，will和would.
1、may和might的用法
1. 表示許可。
表示請求、允許時，might比may的語氣更委婉一些，否定回答時(口語中常用) no , you can't . or , yes, please 用mustn't表示「不可以」、「禁止」、「阻止」之意(具有強烈禁止的意思)如：
You may drive the car.
— Might I use your pen? — No, you mustn't.
用May I ... 征詢對方許可在文體上比較正式，在口氣上比較客氣。在日常口語中，用Can I ... 征詢對方意見在現代口語中更為常見。
2. 用於祈使句中表示祝願。如：
May you succeed!
3. 表示推測、可能（疑問句不能用於此意）。
He may be very busy now.
4. 「may(might) + have + 過去分詞」表示對過去發生的行為的推測。如：
He may not have finished the work.
2、will和would的用法
1. 表示請求、建議等，would比will委婉客氣。如：
Would you pass me the book?
2. 表示意志、願望和決心。如：
I will never do that again.
3. 用「will be」和「will(would) + have + 過去分詞」的結構表示推測，主要用於第二、三人稱。前者表示對目前情況的推測，後者表示對已經完成的動作或事態的推測。如：
This will be the book you want.
I thought you would have finished this by now.
4. Would可表示過去反復發生的動作或某種傾向。Would表過去習慣時比used to正式，並沒有「現已無此習慣」的含義。如：
The wound would not heal.
During the vacation he would visit me every week.
5. 表料想或猜想。如：
It would be about ten when he left home.
What would she be doing there?
I thought he would have told you all about it.

二、一般將來時
一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態，也表示將來經常或反復發生的動作。常常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。
Will和shall用法的區別
① 說或寫都盡量使用「I'll, You'll, He'll , She'll , It'll, We'll , They'll …」的簡縮形。
②要表達主語的「意志」，通常都用「will」（文法上稱為意志將來。）
② 說話者要把自己的「意志」表達或行使出去，通常用「shall」。
③ 第一人稱問句使用「shall」。
④ 問句是「Shall…?」，答句就用「shall ~」；問句用「Will …？」，答句就用「will ~ 」。

三、直接引語變間接引語
一、如何變人稱;
人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如：
She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱。或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，如：
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
直接引語變間接引語時。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：
Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。
二、如何變時態：
直接引語在改為間接引語時、時態需要做相應的調整。
現在時它需改為過去時態；過去時態改為完成時；過去完成時則保留原來的時態。如：
1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen
2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so.
3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。
但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變為間接引語時，時態一般不變化。
①直接引語是客觀真理。
"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
②直接引語是過去進行時，時態不變。如：
Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
③直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變為間接引語時，時態不變。如：
Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。
④直接引語如果是一般現在時。表示一種反復出現或習慣性的動作，變間接引語，時態不變。如：
He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。
⑤如果直接引語中的情態動詞沒有過去時的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已經是過去時的形式時，（例：could, should, would, might）不再變。如：
Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。
三、如何變狀語：
直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內在規津，時間狀語由「現在」改為「原來」（例：now變為then, yesterday。變為 the day before）地點狀語，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語，由「此」改為「彼」（例：this 改為that),如：
He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.
四、如何變句型：
①直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應改為由that引導的賓語從句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引語如果是反意疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應改為由whether或if引導的賓語從句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven『t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語應該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導的賓語從句（賓語從句必須用陳述句語序）。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應改為"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如：
"Don』t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引語如果是以「Let『s」開頭的祈使句，變為間接引語時，通常用「suggest +動句詞（或從句）。」如：
He said, "Let』s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
引述別人的話有兩種方式：一是使用引號引出人家的原話，這叫做直接引語；一是用自己的話把人家的話轉述出來，這叫做間接引語。例如：
John said, "I』m going to London with my father."
約翰說："我要和父親到倫敦去。"（引號內是直接引語）
John said that he was going to London with his father.
約翰說，他要和他父親去倫敦。（賓語從句是間接引語）
[注意]
（1） 如果直接引語是表示客觀真理時，變為間接引語，一般現在時不改為一般過去時。如：
The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun."
→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
（2） 如果直接引語中有明確表示過時間的狀語，變為間接引語時，一般過去時不改為過去完成時。如：
He said to me, "I was born in 1973."
→He told me that he was born in 1973.
(3)如果直接引語所述事實在當時和目前同樣生效，變為間接賓語時，一般現在時不改為一般過去時。如：
He said, "I』m a boy, not a girl."
→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.
(4)如果直接引語中的謂語動詞表示一種反復出現或習慣動作，在變為間接引時，一般現在時不改為一般過去時。如：
The girl said, "I get up at six every morning."
→The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.
(5)如果直接引語中含有since, when, while 引導的表示過去時間的狀語從句，在變為間接引語時，只改變主句中的謂語動詞，從句的一般過去時則不變。如：
He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."
→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
(6)如果直接引語中含有情態動詞 must, need, had better以及情態動詞的過去式could, might, should, would,在變為間接引語時，這些情態動詞沒有時態的改變。例如：
The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation."
→The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.
He said , "I could swim when I was only six ."
→He said that he could swim when he was only six.
6.代詞等一般地應作用相應的變化。
指示代詞 this ---that
these--- those
表示時間的詞 now --- then
today--- that day
this week(month ,etc) ----that week (month ,etc)
yesterday ----the day before
last week(month) --- the week(month) before
three days(a year)ago---three days(a year)before
tomorrow ----the next (following ) day
next week(month)--the next(following)week(month)
表地點的詞 here --there
動詞 bring -- take
come –go

四、過去進行時
一、 概念和用法：過去進行時表示在過去某一時刻或某一段時間內進行或發生的動作。其形式為was /were + V-ing。常與表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：last night, last Saturday等；或者與when, while, as引導的過去時間狀語連用。例如： We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七點到九點的時候我們在看電視。 What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什麼？
二、 過去進行時可以表示在過去某個時間點發生的事情。時間點可以用介詞短語、副詞或從句來表示。如： What was she doing at nine o『clock yesterday? 昨天晚上九點她在做什麼？ (介詞短語表示時間點) When I saw him he was decorating his room. 當我看見他的時候他正在裝飾房間。 (when從句表示時間點)
三、 在復合句中，如果主要動作和背景動作都是延續的或同時發生的，那麼主從句的動詞都可用過去進行時。例如： While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他邊等車邊看報。 (兩個動作都是延續的) He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他擦車時我在做飯。(兩個動作同時進行)
四、 通常不能用於過去進行時的動詞主要有：agree, is,am,are, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(擁有), wish等。

五、現在完成時
用法
（1）現在完成時用來表示現在之前已發生過或完成的動作或狀態,但其結果卻和現在有聯系,也就是說,動作或狀態發生在過去但它的影響現在還存在.
I have spent all of my money.(含義是:現在我沒有錢花了.)
（2）現在完成時可以用來表示發生在過去某一時刻的,持續到現在的情況,常與for（+時間段）,since（+時間點）連用.
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
注（超重要）：瞬間動詞（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接與for since 連用。要改變動詞
come-be
go out-be out
finish-be over
1.have代替buy
My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
2、用keep或have代替borrow
I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
3、用be替代become
How long has your sister been a teacher?
4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
5、用wear代替put on
b)用「be＋形容詞」代終止性動詞
1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill
3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep
5、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose
c)用「be＋副詞」代終止性動詞
1「be＋on」代start,begin
2「be＋up」代get up

d)用「be＋介詞短語」代終止性動詞
1.「be in/at +地點」代替go to /come to
2.用be in the army 代替join the army
3.「be in/at +地點」代替move to
常用瞬間動詞變延續性動詞表：
1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.
→have been in sw./at…相應的介詞
2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back
3. have come/gone out →have been out
4. have become → have been
5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open
6. have got up → have been up；
7. have died → have been dead；
8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.
9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；
10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over； 六、反義疑問句

反意疑問句(The Disjunctive Question)
即附加疑問句。它表示提問人的看法,沒有把握,需要對方證實。
反義疑問句由兩部分組成：前一部分是一個陳述句，後一部分是一個簡短的疑問句，兩部分的人稱時態應保持一致。
1．陳述部分肯定式+疑問部分否定式
2．陳述部分否定式+疑問部分肯定式
They work hard, don』t they?

七、狀語從句

狀語從句 （Adverbial Clause）
狀語從句指句子用作狀語時，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。根據其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。
1． 時間狀語從句
常用引導詞：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引導詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
2． 地點狀語從句
常用引導詞：where
特殊引導詞：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
3． 原因狀語從句
常用引導詞：because, since, as, for
特殊引導詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
My friends dislike me because I』m handsome and successful.
4． 目的狀語從句
常用引導詞：so that, in order that
特殊引導詞：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.

同學，這可是我結合課本與網路「嘔心瀝血」總結出來的，希望對你有所幫助，如果還不行，建議到人教網把電子課本翻到後面也還有。

⑧ 人教版八年級所有英語語法

5．Thanks for taking care of my dog．謝謝你照看我的狗。
6．Don't forget to clean his bed．不要忘了清掃他的床。
7．I'm going to work on my English project and then meet my friends. 我要做英語功課，然後見我的朋友。
8．I'm going on vacation tomorrow．明天我要度假。
Unit 12
close to home靠近家的
movie theater影院
comfortable seats舒適的座位
do a survey of做一個調查
play a piano piece彈一支鋼琴曲
the price of……的價格
the radio station廣播電台
think about考慮
talent show才能展示
boring TV show乏味的電視節目
a 1ot許多
1．What's the best movie theater? 哪個是最好的影院?
2．What is the best radio station? 哪個是最好的廣播電台?
3．It has the most comfortable seats．它擁有最舒適的座位。
4．What do young people think about places in town? 年輕人關於鎮上的位置是什麼看法?
5．We did a survey of our readers．我們做了一個讀者涮查。
6．Last week's talent show was a great success．上周的才能展示是一個成功。
7．She played a beautiful piano piece．她演奏了一支優美的鋼琴曲。
8．What is the most boring TV show? 最乏味的電視劇是什麼7
9．The price of a hotel room is about 320 yuan a night． 一個旅館房間的價格是每晚320元。
10．There's a lot things to do．有許多事情要做。
Review of units 7一12
make mushroom soup做蘑菇湯
a speech contest一次演講比賽
live in居住在……
creative job富有創造性的工作
arrive in到達
elementary school小學
funniest movie actor最有意思的電影演員
1．How do you make mushroom soup? 你怎麼做蘑菇湯?
2．I won a speech contest．我演講比賽獲勝。
3．Are you going to live in Beijing?你要住在北京嗎?
4．No，not an actor，another kind of creative job．不，不是做演員，而是另一種富有創造性的工作。
5．We arrived in Australia 0n August 20th．
我們在八月二十日到達澳大利亞。
6．What is the best elementary school?最好的小學是哪個?
7．Who do you think is the funniest movie actor? 你認為誰是最有意思的電影演員? 下冊a pair of一雙，一對 ask for 請求 ask sb (not) to do sth叫某人干 agree with贊同 all year round一年到頭，全年 all kinds of各種，各樣 all the time一直 argue with與爭吵 around the world在世界各地 arrive in/at到達 at least至少 at a meeting在開會 at first首先 as…as possible盡可能 as…as象一樣 be able to能夠 be angry with 生氣 be mad at對感到氣憤 be good at擅長於 be careful小心 be allowed被允許 be surprised驚訝 be supposed to被期望/被要求 be interested in對感興趣 break the rule打破規則 by the way順便 complain about抱怨 come along出現，發生 come true實現，達到 come in進來 cut in line插隊 call sb. up打電話給 do/wash the dishes洗碗 drop litter亂扔垃圾 do well in在方面做得好 enjoy /finish doing sth喜歡/完成某事 end up結束 fall in love with愛上 fall asleep入睡 far from遠離 first of all首先 fly to飛向 find out找到 …find it adj. to do sth keep…down壓低聲音 keep out不讓進入 look for尋找 look smart 看起來精幹 look after照顧 look through瀏覽 let (sb) in讓進 let sbget along相處 get over克服 get annoyed生氣 get bored厭煩 get an ecation受教育 get on (well) with與相處（好） get injured受傷 give sb sth/give sth to sb給某人某物 give away贈送 go skating去溜冰 go out of從出去/來 have a fight with與打架/爭吵 have a surprise party舉行驚訝聚會 have a great/good time玩得愉快 have been to曾到過 hear about/of聽說 hundreds of好幾百 had better (not) do sth最好做 in a minute一會兒 in 100 years100年後 in good health身體健康 in front of 在前面 in the future 未來，將來 in the front of在前面 in the playground在操場 in/out of style時髦/過時 in silence默默地 in order to目的 in (Russian) style具有俄國風格 in public places在公共場合 It take sb some time to do sth.花費某人時間干某事 the same as與相同 try (not) to do sth盡力（不）干 three quarters四分之三 turn on/off打開/關掉 turn up/down開大/關小 talk to/with與談話 take care of照顧 take part in參加 take off起飛take away拿走 take place發生 take an interest in對感興趣 take care (not) to do小心（不）做 thanks for (doing)謝謝（做） wait in line排隊等候 want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干 make sb do sth使某人干 make a living (doing sth)謀生 make money賺錢 make friends with與交友 more than多於 need to do sth 需要干 not…anymore不再 not…until直到為止 not at all一點也不 on (my tenth) birthday在（我十歲）生日 on the phone在通話 on the one/other hand在一（另）方面 open up打開 put out熄滅 好不容易收集到的，希望滿意（太多拉還有如果需要請加我1413979442）