❶ 新目標九年級英語第十單元語法焦點翻譯。
當你復第一次見到某人制時，你應該做什麼？ 你應該握手，你不應該親吻。
你應該什麼時候到達？我應該7：00到達。
我應該穿牛仔褲嗎？不，你要穿西裝打領帶的。
讓別人老等著是不禮貌的嗎？是的，讓別人老等著是非常不禮貌的。
守時很重要嗎？是的，守時很重要。
❷ 初三英語新目標14單元語法,解析
1.現在完成時
現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀 態，其結果的確和現在有聯系。動作或狀態發生在過去 但它的影響現在還存在；也可表示持續到現在的動作或 狀態。其構成： have (has) +過去分詞。
2.比較過去時與現在完成時
1）過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作；現在完成時為過去發生的，強調過去的事情對現在的影響，強調的是影響。
2）過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語
共同的時間狀語:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
現在完成時的時間狀語
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不確定的時間狀語
3）現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態，動詞一般是延續性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
舉例：
I saw this film yesterday.
（強調看的動作發生過了。）
I have seen this film.
（強調對現在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?
（強調起床的動作已發生過了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
（強調有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。）
She has returned from Paris.
她已從巴黎回來了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回來了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在團內的狀態可延續)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是團員的狀態可持續)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入團，joined為短暫行為。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現在完成時，要用過去時。
（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
3. 比較since和for
Since 用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續時間長度。
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
I have lived here since I was born..
My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.
Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.
I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.
I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.
注意：並非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。
I worked here for more than twenty years.
(我現在已不在這里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.
(現在我仍在這里工作。)
小竅門： 當現在完成時+一段時間，這一結構中，我們用下面的公式轉化，很容易就能排除非延續動詞在完成時中的誤使。
1) (對) Tom has studied Russian for three years.
= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2) (錯) Harry has got married for six years.
= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然，第二句不對，它應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
4. since的四種用法
1) since +過去一個時間點 (如具體的年、月、日期、鍾點、1980, last month, half past six)。
I have been here since 1989.
2) since +一段時間+ ago
I have been here since five months ago.
3) since +從句
Great changes have taken place since you left.
Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.
4) It is +一段時間+ since從句
It is two years since I became a postgraate student
5.延續動詞與瞬間動詞
1) 用於完成時的區別
延續動詞表示經驗、經歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結 果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 (表結果)
I've known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。(表經歷)
2) 用於till / until從句的差異
延續動詞用於肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動詞用於否定句，表示"到……，才……"
He didn't come back until ten o'clock.
他到10 點才回來。
He slept until ten o'clock.
他一直睡到10點。
典型例題
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本題後句強調對現在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，several times告知為反復發生的動作，因此用現在完成時。
2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的動作由過去開始，持續到現在，應用現在完成時
關於since;
since的用法主要有兩點：一是表示「自從……以來」，二是表示「既然」之意。但如果只了解詞的含義，而不了解其用法，在使用時就會造成錯誤。例如：I have not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai.
不少人會望文生義，將該句譯為：「自從我住在上海以來，就再也沒有收到他的信了。」而實際上這個句子的譯文並非如此，那麼正確的含義是什麼呢？
下面談談since作連詞引導時間狀語從句的用法。
一、若since引導的狀語從句的謂語動詞是終止性的過去時，則從句表示的時間是「從動作開始的那一時刻起」。如：
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自從他來到我們學校，他學習就非常努力。
We have been missing them since they left here自從他們離開這里，我們就一直很想念他們。
這是最常見的一種用法，此處不再多述。
二、若since引導的狀語從句的謂語動詞是持續性動詞或表示狀態的動詞的過去時時，則從句表示的時間是「從那持續動作或狀態結束時算起」。如：
I haven』t heard any noise since I slept. Sleep 為持續性動詞，sleep的動作結束時，即「醒來」時，這句應譯為「我醒後還未聽到任何聲音」。
John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher約翰現在和父母一起住在紐約，他不當教師已經三年了。
本文開始出現的那個句子就可以譯為「自從我離開上海，就再也沒有收到他的信。」這種譯法常被人們誤用，我們不妨再多舉幾個例子看看：
How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?你離開（沒住在）上海多久了？
It is half a month since he was a League member.他退團（不當團員）半個月了。
It』s been quite some time since I was last in London我離開倫敦已很長時間了。
比較：He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自從我病癒以來，他屢次給我寫信。（從句謂語為狀態動詞）
He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自從我生病以來，他就屢次給我寫信。（從句謂語為終止性動詞）
三、若since引導的狀語從句的謂語為持續性動詞的現在完成時，則表示動作和狀態延續到現在（說話時刻），其表示的時間的起點應從動作發生之時算起。如：
I haven』t heard from him since he has lived there。
這里has lived表示動作的持續性，時間的起點應從：「開始居住」時算起。因此此句可理解為「自從他（開始）住在那兒起，我就一直沒收到他的來信」。
Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自從我們自己有了汽車，我們每年都去野營。
試比較：1. Since I』ve been at this school, we have had three headmasters.自從我到這所學校，我們已換了三個校長了。
Since I was at this school, they have had three headmasters.自從我離開這所學校，他們已換了三個校長了。
2.He has never been to see me since I have been ill. 自從我生病以來，他從未來看過我。
He has never been to see me since I was ill. 自從我病癒以來，他從未來看過我。
由此可見，since引導的從句持續動詞的一般過去時和現在完成時所表示的意思恰好相反。換言之，前者以肯定的語法形式反映著否定的邏輯內容，而後者的形式與內容是一致的。
至於It is +一段時間+since…的句型與It has been +一段時間+since…意思相同。前者是規范說法，後者是口語說法。
應注意的是，在這種結構中，since引導的從句絕對不能用否定式的謂語動詞來表示否定意義，下面兩句都錯了：
It is a long time since he didn』t study English.
It』s two months since you didn』t come to see me.
正確的說法為：
It』s a long time since he studied English 他好久沒學英語了。
You haven』t come to see me for two months. 你有兩個月沒來看我了。
解析：6B 詞義辨析語句連貫盡（as long as）作者所能記憶的。Remember是持續性動詞，與表示持續意義的as long as（象……一樣長；只要……）連用，引導條件狀語從句。as soon as，when，since三項均表示短暫意義，通常與短暫性動詞連用。
❸ 人教版新目標初二英語上第四單元的語法要點
far+from depend+onmust+V原ill為表語形容詞近義詞sickso mucha number of相當於many 許多的意思a small number of一少部分a large number of 一大部分the number of ....的數量around the word=all over the word全世界重點語句1.can I help you？2.how far is it from here?3.how long does it take?4.thank you very much 5.you are welcome6.how do you get to school重點語法1.by+交通工具名詞2.by+交通路線位置3.in+交通工具名詞4.on+限定詞+交通工具名詞5.take a、the+交通工具名詞6.ride+限定詞+交通工具名詞7.fly+to表示乘飛機；飛往8.表示步行去某地可用go to+某地+on foot，也可用walk to+某地9.not all譯為不都相當於all..not...10.leave for意為動身去...11.leave..for...意為離開去...12.It takes +一段時間+to do sth以為做某事花費某人多長時間
❹ 新目標八年級英語下冊1至4單元語法重點
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
一．短語歸納
1. take the subway to … = go to … by subway 搭地鐵
2. take the train to … = go to … by train 坐火車
3. take a bus to … = go to …by bus = go to … on a bus 乘坐公共汽車
4. take a taxi to … = go to … by taxi 坐的士
5. ride a bike/ bicycle to… = go to … by bike/ bicycle 騎自行車
6. walk to… = go to … on foot 步行
7. take a car to… = go to … in a car= go to … by car 坐汽車
8. get to school 到達學校get to=arrive in/at=reach 到達 (in加大地方at加小地方)
9. 10 kilometers from school 離學校10公里（遠）
10. from…to… 從…到… from his home to school 從他家到學校
11. how （用於提問狀態和交通工具） 怎樣
how long 用來詢問時間的長度（用於提問時間段 多長（時間）） 或物體的長度
how often （用於提問頻率） 多久時間一次
how far （用於提問距離） 多遠
how many 用於提問數量） 多少
how much（用於提問數量/價錢） 多少/多少錢
how soon「過多久」，用來詢問某事要在多久以後才能發生
12. have a quick breakfast 快速地吃早餐
13. leave for school 出發去學校
14. the early bus 早班車
15. take sb. to school 帶某人去學校
Then the early bus takes him to school.然後，他乘坐早班車到學校
16. bus ride 搭公車的路程
17. bus stop 公車亭
18. bus station 公車站
bus stop 是指小站，bus station指大的站，比如汽車站。現在的英語 尤其是美式英語里，二者的區分不是太細。
19. train station 火車站
20. subway station 地鐵站
21. think of 認為
22. around the world=all over the world 遍及全世界
22.the school bus 校車
23. in North /South America 在北/南美洲
in the north/south/east/west of American 在美國的北/南/東/西部
24. on the school bus 乘/坐校車
25. in other parts of the world 在世界上的其他地方
26. the other （兩者中的）另一個
27. others = other (students) 其他的（學生）
28. things are different 情況不同
29. be different from 與…不同
be the same as 與……一樣
30. make a difference 產生差異
31. depend on 取決於/依賴/依靠
In China , it depends on where you are . → depend on 視……而定；決定於
I haven』t a car, I have to depend on the buses. 我沒有汽車，只能依靠公共汽車。
32. go to school by boat = take a boat to school 坐船去上學
33. must be 肯定/一定是
34. a lot more fun 更多的樂趣
35. not all students並非所有的學生
36. the most popular ways /means最流行的方式
means of transportation 交通方式
In China，bikes and buses are the most popular means of transportation.在中國，自行車和公共汽車是最流行的交通方式。
37. a small number of 小部分的
A small number of students take the subway to school.小部分學生乘坐地鐵上學
38. a large/ great number of 大多數的
☆ a number of + 復數名詞 作主語，動詞用復數 「許多」=many
可用large/great/small 修飾，表程度。
☆ the number of + 復數名詞 作主語，動詞用單數 「…..的數量」
A great number of students are young.
The number of them is 2,200.
39. be ill in the hospital 生病住院
ill和sick 都可作表語 He is ill/sick. 他生病了。 但是He is a sick man. 他是一個病人。（sick作定語，此時不能用ill）ill(形容詞)：illness（名詞） 40. worry about sb./sth. 擔心某人/某事☆ worry about sb/sth=be worried about ….為某人/某事擔心I worry about my study.= I am wirried about my study.
41. take a shower淋浴
42.at around six thirty在大約六點半around 作介詞時，是「大約、將近」的意思時，常與數詞連用 He leaves for school at around six thirty. 他大約在6點30分動身去學校leave for 動詞短語，意思是「去（某地）」 見3單元重點短語歸納中的詳解43. five minutes』walk步行五分鍾的路程44. Don』t worry. 別擔心45. in Chinese 用漢語 46.How/ What about…？How/ What about…？常用來詢問和建議，其中about是介詞，其後跟名詞、代詞及動名詞，意思是「……怎麼樣？……如何？」How about trying again? 再試一下如何？
給我郵箱吧，發不了這么多
行嗎
❺ 新目標八年級上冊英語每單元課文與語法
動詞
一. 動詞是表示動作或處於某種狀態的詞，它分為行為動詞，系動詞、助動詞和情態動詞，動詞種類多，變化又復雜，是學習英語的難點之一，下面根據動詞的特點進行歸類，並提供一些辨別方法，以便於理解和掌握。
1. 行為動詞在動詞中數量最多，它含有實在的意義（又叫實義動詞），表示動作或狀態，在句中可以單獨作謂語，行為動詞又分為及物動詞和不及物動詞，及物動詞後面必須加賓語，意義才完整，不及物動詞後面不能直接帶賓語，常需要在賓語前加介詞才能帶賓語。
eg:
We study English very hard.
She has a book in her hand.
The sun rises in the east.
2. 連系動詞本身有一定詞義，但不能獨立作謂語，必須與表語一起構成謂語，常見的連系動詞有：be, look, sound, get, become等。
eg:
My parents are both farmers.
The milk tastes terrible.
The song sounds good.
3. 助動詞本身無詞義，不能獨立作謂語，必須和主要動詞構成謂語，表示疑問，否定，時態或其它語法形式。常見的助動詞有：be, have, do, will, shall等。
eg:
Do you have a brother?
Have you got an English-Chinese dictionary?
I didn』t go to the cinema yesterday.
4. 情態動詞本身有詞義，但不能獨立作謂語，只能和主要動詞一起構成謂語，表示說話者的語氣和情態，情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化，情態動詞本身可以構成疑問和否定，常見的情態動詞有：can, may, must, will, shall, need等。
eg: Can you sing the English song?
Everyone must get to school on time.
二. 動詞的時態：
（一）時態概述：作謂語的動詞用來表示動作（情況）發生時間的各種形式稱為時態，英語中的時態，就是通過特殊的動詞詞尾或加一些相關的助動詞be, have（has）等，用來表示動作或事件發生的不同時間和方面。
eg: He reads newspapers every day.
He read the newspaper yesterday.
He is going to read the newspaper tomorrow.
（二）一般現在時：
1. 動詞變化：一般現在時主要用動詞原形表示，但第三人稱單數後要加詞尾-s，另外be和have有特殊的人稱形式。
在加詞尾-s時要注意：
情況 加法 例詞
一般情況 加-s reads, writes, says
以ch, sh, s, x, 或o收尾的詞 加-es teaches, washes, guesses, fixes, goes
以「輔音字母+y」結尾的詞 變y為i再加-es try－tries
carry－carries
讀音：
情況 讀法 例詞
在[p][t][k][f]等清輔音後 〔s〕 helps, hates, asks, laughs
在[s][z][ ][t ][d3]等音後 〔iz〕 faces, rises, wishes, watches, urges
在其他情況下 〔z〕 plans, cries, shows
2. 一般現在時主要表示：
（1）經常性或習慣性的動作，常與這樣的時間狀語連用：always, often, usually, sometimes等
eg: We always help each other.
It often snows in winter.
I get up early every morning.
（2）表示主語現在的特徵、性格、能力等。
eg: He loves sports.
Jane is an outgoing girl.
Tom and Tim both have medium height.
（3）表示客觀、普遍真理
eg:
Two and four makes six.
Water boils at 100℃
The moon moves round the earth.
3. 一般現在時的疑問句一般以在句首加助動詞do，does的方式構成。第三人稱單數加does，其他加do，這時動詞一概用原形；動詞be只需與主語位置對調就行了。
eg: Do you like English?
Do they have story books?
What does she do every evening?
Is she at home?
Are you good at English?
4. 一般現在時的否定式是do not（don』t）或does not （doesn』t）＋動詞原形來構成的，be動詞做謂語動詞只需在be後加not構成否定。
eg:
I don』t like oranges at all.
She doesn』t work in the TV station.
They aren』t students.
I』m not busy every weekend.
三. 現在進行時：
1. 動詞變化：現在進行時由「am /is /are＋動詞現在分詞」構成。加-ing的規則如下：
（1）一般在動詞原形末尾加-ing。如：
stay－staying do－doing
listen－listening suffer－suffering
work－working spend－spending
look－looking
（2）以不發音的字母e結尾的動詞，先去掉e，再加-ing。如：
make－making take－taking
give－giving ride－riding
please－pleasing refuse－refusing
close－closing operate－operating
（3）以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節詞，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ing。如：
put－putting sit－sitting
run－running win－winning
begin－beginning
2. 現在進行時的用法
（1）表示說話時正在進行或發生的動作，這時可以不用時間狀語，也可以和now, at present, at the moment等時間狀語連用。有時用一個動詞，如look（看），listen（聽）。
eg: What are you reading now?
Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom.
（2）表示當前一段時期的活動或現階段正在進行的動作。
eg: They are working in a factory these days.
More and more people are giving up smoking.
（3）表示最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作。
現在進行時有時可表示一個在最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作，即可以用來代替將來時。
eg: When are you leaving?
Are you going to Tibet tomorrow?
3. 現在進行時的否定句和疑問句比較簡單。否定句在be（am, is, are）後面加not；疑問句把be動詞移到主語前。
eg:
I am not working.
What are you reading now?
How are you feeling today?
The train isn』t arriving soon.
四. 一般過去時：
1. 動詞變化：一般過去時主要表示過去的動作或狀態，在句中由主語＋動詞的過去式來表達。
構成規則 原形 過去式
一般在動詞末尾加-ed work
plant
play worked
planted
played
結尾是e的動詞在末尾加-d like
live
change liked
lived
changed
末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節詞，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ed plan（計劃）
stop
drop planned
stopped
dropped
以輔音字母加y結尾的，先變y為i再加-ed carry
study
cry carried
studied
cried
否定式 疑問式 否定疑問式 簡單回答
I did not work. Did I work? Did I not work? Yes, you did.
No, you didn』t.
You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work? Yes, I did.
No, I didn』t.
He / She / It did not work. Did he / she / it work? Did he / she / it not work? Yes, he / she / it /did.
No, he /she /it didn』t.
We did not work. Did we work? Did we not work? Yes, you did.
No, you didn』t.
You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work? Yes, we did.
No, we didn』t.
They did not work. Did they work? Did you they not work? Yes, they did.
No, they didn』t.
2. 一般過去時的基本用法：
（1）帶有確定的過去時間狀語時，要用過去時。（eg: yesterday, last year, just now, two days ago, in the old days等）
eg: He left just now.
Lei Feng was a good soldier.
What did you have for breakfast this morning?
（2）表示過去某一段時間內經常或反復發生的動作，這時常和表示頻度的狀語連用。
eg: Last term we often did experiments.
He always went to work by bus.
五. be going to 表示一般將來
1. 用法：表示現在打算在最近或將來要做的事，或表示說話人根據已有的跡象認為很有可能要發生的事情，be隨著人稱的變化變成（am, is, are）
eg: We are going to have a new subject this year.
It』s going to rain this afternoon.
I』m going to be a pilot when I grow up.
2. be going to 的否定句在be動詞後加上not；be going to 的疑問句把be動詞移到主語前。
eg:
He isn』t going to see his brother tomorrow.
I』m not going to tell you about it.
Who』s going to use it?
Is your sister going to bring your lunch?
What are you going to do next Sunday.
【模擬試題】（答題時間：70分鍾）
一. 改錯：
例1：The rose dark red. →The rose is dark red.
1. He very likes swimming.
2. He can helps you.
3. We haven』t a good time.
4. What are you do after school every day?
5. Sometimes I listen music. sometimes I play outside.
6. The fish smells not good.
7. We should buy some chicken. There are little left.
8. There have many birds in the sky.
9. My mother』s glasses is broken.
10. A pair of shoes are nearly one thousand.
11. What colour are her hair?
12. Does he his homework?
13. A: Do you like your class?
B: Yes. I like.
14. He always do his shopping on Friday evening.
15. I very sorry I forgot your birthday.
16. I have no brother and sister.
二. 連片語句：
1. listen, morning, the, to, I, radio, the, in, often
2. of, men, nurses, good, sick, hospital, care, in, take, the
3. weekdays, he, the, goes, cinema, never, ring, the, to
4. computer, got, new, you, a, have?
5. weekends, he, rest, does, a, got, have, on?
6. good, Li Ming, do, and, often, I deeds
7. museum, they, the, often, science, visit, how, do?
8. the, in, any, there, kitchen, food, is?
9. homework, does, day, when, Tom, his, every, where, and, do?
10. a, there, vegetables, many, but, apples, aren』t, lot, there, of, are, there
三. 用括弧里的動詞的適當形式填空：
1. There （be）______some glasses on it.
2. He （go）______to the park every day.
3. My uncle （live）______ in Nanjing now.
4. ______ Lucy and Lily （like）______China?
5. Li Lei（not like）______ to drink orange soda.
6. The girl （go）______ home at 4:30 in the afternoon.
7. ______ Kate （speak）______ French? Yes, she does.
8. Jim （not ride）______his bike often.
9. If he （be）______ free tomorrow, he （go）______ with us.
10. As soon as they （get）______ there next month, he （call）______me.
11. ______Li Ming』s father （have）______ his lunch at home?
12. Tom （not do）______the morning exercises often.
13. I （be）______ hungry and my sister （be）______ thirsty.
14. The baby （have）______ curly hair.
15. Everybody （have）______ a chance to win.
16. I （clean）______ my room once a week.
17. Nobody（tell）______ them anything.
18. There （be）______ a lot of chicken on the plate.
19. Mr. Li （teach）______ the second grade.
20. The boy （watch）______ TV every evening.
21. Mary （play）______the violin quite well.
22. David （study）______Chinese and I （study）______ English.
23. The game （be）______ interesting.
24. Many children （be）______ on the playground.
25. He （have）_______ a good time at your party.
26. I （have）______ a new bicycle.
四. 用所給詞的適當形式填空：
1. Tom and his father ______（swim）now.
2. Look! They ______（run）along the street.
3. We ______（practice）hard these days because we will have a big match next month.
4. What ______he ______（do）at nine o』clock last night?
5. They ______（listen）to the music at that time.
6. When the headmaster came in, the students______（read）the text.
7. We ______（watch）TV when suddenly the telephone rang.
8. She ______（make）the paper flowers the whole night.
9. A: _______ you ______（studying）English?
B: Yes, I am.
10. Let』s go out. It ______（not rain）now.
11. Hurry up! Everybody ______（wait）for you.
12. A: ______（you / listen）to the radio?
B: No, You can turn it off.
13. I ______（watch）TV at seven o』clock yesterday evening.
14. A: What ______（you / look）for?
B: I ______（look）for my wallet. There is something important in it.
15. Look. It ______（rain）hard. We』ll get wet if we go out.
五. 選詞填空：
（一）選詞填空：
1. I ______（am, is, was, were）busy last week.
2. Tom and I ______（am, are, was, were）late for school yesterday.
3. I ______（walk, walks, walked, walking）to school the other day.
4. Rose ______（does not, didn』t, has been, has to）visit her uncle the month before last（month）
5. There ______（is, was, are, were）a lot of people in this village ten years ago.
6. Mother ______（am, is, was, were）ill in bed last night.
7. It ______（rain, rains, rained, raining）a lot last year.
（二）用括弧中動詞的適當形式填空：
1. My uncle in London ______（send）a birthday present to me yesterday.
2. When ______（be）you born?
3. As soon as he arrived in the country, he ______（phone）me.
4. When I ______（knock）at his door, he was cooking.
5. We were watching TV when the light ______（go）out.
6. He said he ______（not like）maths at all.
（三）用括當的詞完成下列句子。
1. ______you make this cake last night? Yes. I did. I _______it for you.
2. Did Tom _______ home at five yesterday?
No, he _______. He came home at six.
3. What _______ you _______ at the store? I bought a camera.
4. Were you at home yesterday? Yes, I _______.
5. Where did you catch the fish? I _______ it in the river near my house.
六. 完成下列句子：
1. 你長大了想當什麼？我打算當個電腦程序員。
What _____ you ______ ______ _______ when you ______ _______?
I』m ______ to _______ a _______ _______.
2. 你哥哥長大了打算當什麼？他打算當個專業的籃球運動員。
What _____ your brother _____ _________ ______ when he ______ _______?
He』s _____ to ______ a _______ _________ player.
3. 你打算怎麼做？我打算學計算機學。
_____ are you ______ ________ ________ that?
I』m _____ _______ _______ computer _______.
4. 你哥哥打算怎麼做？他打算每天練籃球。
_____ is your brother _____ _____ _____?
He』s _____ ______ _________ basketball every day.
5. 她打算下學期上一些表演課嗎？是的。
______ she ______ _______ _________ some ______ lessons?
Yes, she ________.
【試題答案】
1. He likes swimming.
2. He can help you.
3. We don』t have a good time.
4. What do you do after school every day?
5. Sometimes I listen to music, sometimes I play outside.
6. The fish doesn』t smell good.
7. We should buy some chicken. There is little left.
8. There are many birds in the sky.
9. My mother』s glasses are broken.
10. A pair of shoes is nearly one thousand.
11. If he doesn』t feel well he will go to visit the History Museum.
12. What colour is her hair?
13. Does he do his homework?
14. A: Do you like your class?
B: Yes. I do.
15. He always does his shopping on Friday evening.
16. I am sorry I forgot your birthday.
二.
1. I often listen to the radio in the morning.
2. Nurses take good care of sick men in the hospital.
3. He never goes to the cinema ring the weekdays.
4. Have you got a new computer?
5. Does he have a rest on weekends?
6. Li Ming and I often do good deeds.
7. How often do you visit the science museum?
8. Is there any food in the kitchen?
9. When and where does Tom do his homework every day?
10. There are a lot of vegetables but there aren』t many apples there.
Or: There are a lot of apples but there aren』t many vegetables there.
三. 1. are 2. goes 3. lives 4. Do, like 5. doesn』t like
6. goes 7. Does, speak 8. doesn』t ride
9. is, will go 10. get, will call 11. Does, have
12. doesn』t do 13. am, is 14. has
15. has 16. clean 17. tells 18. is
19. teaches 20. watches 21. plays 22. studies, study
23. is 24. are 25. has 26. have
四. 1. are swimming 2. are running 3. are practicing
4. was, doing 5. were listening 6. were reading
7. were watching 8. was making 9. Are, studying
10. isn』t raining 11. is waiting 12. Are you listening
13. was watching 14. are you looking, am looking
15. is raining
五.
（一）1. was 2. were 3. walked 4. did not
5. were 6. was 7. rained
（二）1. sent 2. were 3. phoned 4. knocked 5. went
6. didn』t like
（三）1. Did, made 2. come, didn』t 3. did, buy 4. was
5. caught
六.
1. are, going, to, be, grow, up, going, be, computer, programmer
2. is, going, to, be, grows, up, going, be, professional, basketball.
3. How, going, to, do, going, to, study, science
4. How, going, to, do, that, going, to, play
5. Is, going, to, take, acting, is
❻ 急需九年級新目標英語【人教版】第一單元語法及短語，詳細的知識點。
【點擊原文】 -How do you study …? 你怎樣學習……？
-By doing … 通過做……（P3）
【鏈接中考】-_________ do you study English?
-By listening to tapes. (2006福建寧德)
A. How B. Where C. When D. Why
【真題解讀】A。四個選項都是疑問詞，分別意為「怎樣」、「哪裡」、「什麼時候」、「為什麼」，根據答語「通過聽磁帶（學習英語）」可知問句是「你怎樣學習英語？」的意思，故選A。
【點擊原文】 get/ be excited about … 對……感到激動（P4）
【鏈接中考】Millions of people are crazy about the World Cup these days. (2006雲南省課改區)
A. satisfied with B. wildly excited about
C. annoyed with D. worried about
【真題解讀】B。四個選項都可以與be連用，分別意為「對……滿意」、「對……非常激動」、「對……苦惱」、「對…..擔心」，根據題意「這些天成百萬的人都為世界盃而瘋狂」可選出正確答案為B。
【點擊原文】 practice doing … 練習做……（P5）
【鏈接中考】-My spoken English is poor. What shall I do?
-That』s easy. Practise _________ it as much as possible. (2006江蘇揚州)
A. speak B. speaks C. speaking D. to speak
【真題解讀】C。practise和practice 都可以做動詞，後面接動詞時要用動詞ing形式。分析比較四個選項可知正確答案為C。
【點擊原文】regard … as 把……當作……（P8）
【鏈接中考】Yao Ming is _____ as one of the most popular basketball players in the world. (2005遼寧大連)
A. regarded B. made C. kept D. watched
【真題解讀】A。regard … as意為「把……當作……」，主要指思想上、感情上「將……看成是……」，暗含說話人根據外部情況所得出的估計，其中as是介詞，後面接名詞或形容詞。分析比較四個選項，根據題意「姚明被當作世界上最受歡迎的籃球運動員之一」，可選A。
【點擊原文】with the help of … 在……的幫助下（P8）
【鏈接中考】________ the help of the teacher, he became a good students. (2006青海省)
A. Under B. On C. With
【真題解讀】C。with the help of意為「在……的幫助下」，常位於句首，也可以寫作with one』s help。由關鍵信息 the help of可直接選C。
❼ 新目標九年級英語第四單元重點語法
虛擬語氣
一、概念
[Subjunctive Mood]
中文譯作"虛擬語氣"。它是一種動詞形式，表示說話人的某種假設、願望、懷疑、猜測、建議等含義。
二、語法結構
1.if結構（非真實條件句——表示的是假設的或實際可能性不大的情況）
與..事實相反 If從句 主句
過去 Had done Would* have done
現在 Were/did Would* do
將來 Should do/were/were to do Would* do
例句：If there hadn』t been much rain in spring, we would have had a good harvest now. [過去]
If he smoked less, his cough might be well soon. [現在]
If the lecturer should be late, you would have to make a speech first. [將來]
備註：
（1）上表中』would*』可轉換為should、could、might。
（2) 如果為時間錯綜句的話，左右兩欄可互相搭配，排列組合。
例句：
He would still be alive today if he hadn』t taken that drug.
[與現在事實相反] [與過去事實相反]
(3) if可轉換為其他形式
例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldn』t have been so successfully. [過去]
（=>可轉換為：If there hadn』t been your advice, we …）
Your notes are almost illegible (難以辨認的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. [將來]
(=> 可轉換為：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.)
I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.[過去]
(=> 可轉換為：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he ..)
2、wish結構
與..事實相反
過去 Had done
現在 Were/did
將來 Would
備註：可轉換為其他形式。
例句：He talks as if (好像) he had done all the work himself. [過去]
I wish I were a bird.
I wish he handn' done that.
I wish I would be rich in the future.
3、should結構
從句中用「should + 動詞原形」構成。而且should可以省去。用於此結構的動詞有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest,intend等。
例句：The teacher suggest he (should) read English aloud.
注意：當insist表示「堅持認為」、suggest表示「表明，顯示」時，不用虛擬語氣。
例句：The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.
He insisted that he was honest.
4、would rather ＋從句
在這種結構中，從句的謂語動詞用過去形式表示虛擬。
例句：I would rather you did this instead of me.
5、主語從句中的虛擬語氣
1）It be + 形容詞 + that ．．．（should）．．．
用於該句型的形容詞是：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny,
strange, surprising ．
一些名詞也可以用於 在該結構中。如：a pity， no wonder．．．．
2）It be + 過去分詞 + that ．．．（should）．．．．
用於該結構中的過去分詞是表示「建議、請求、命令」等詞的過去分詞。如：desired， suggested， requested，
ordered， proposed等。
3）It is time（about time， high time）that ．．．（過去式動詞形式或should＋動詞原形）．．．．
It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now.
6、表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣
在suggestion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， decision等需要有內涵的名詞後面的表語從句、同
位語從句中，要使用虛擬語氣。其謂語動詞應用：should＋原形動詞。另外連接從句的that不能省
略。
例：My suggestion is that we should go there at once.
What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening?
三、使用范圍及判斷
1、虛擬語氣表示一種不能實現的假設。該語法主要用於if條件狀語從句。也可用於主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句等。
2、if條件狀語從句中虛擬語氣的判斷
判斷是真實條件句還是非真實條件句。只有在非真實條件句中才使用虛擬語氣。通過句子意思，看假設的條件是否能夠實現，能夠實現是真實條件句，不能使用虛擬語氣；假設的條件不能實現則是非真實條件句，要用虛擬語氣。
判斷這個假設是與哪個事實相反。通常有三種情況：①與過去事實相反。②與現在事實相反。③與將來事實可能相反。
3、「後退一步法」
後退一步法是指在准確地判斷了該句與哪一事實相反後，按虛擬語氣的後退一步法處理從句謂語動詞的時態。即：在非真實條件狀語從句中，謂語動詞按正常情況「後退一步」。也就是：
1）與過去事實相反，在從句中用過去完成時形式表示。
2）與現在事實相反，在從句中用過去一般時形式表示。
3）與將來事實可能相反，在從句中用過去將來時形式表示。
主句中則用情態動詞would, should, could 等加一個與從句一致的動詞形式。
例：If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.
If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn』t go out.
四、注意事項
1.if條件從句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，並使用倒裝語序。
2、在現代英語中if條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞如果是be其過去形式一般用were。
3、wish 後面賓語從句中的虛擬語氣，按「後退一步法」處理從句的謂語動詞。注意：與哪個事實相反，不能以主句的時態為判斷依據，而是根據從句的意義判斷。
❽ 九年級英語新目標每個單元主要講什麼語法不是短語……
第一單元1.
用verb + by + v-ing
結構表述自己或他人的行為方式
A: How do you study for a test?
B: Well, I study by working with my classmates.
2.
用What about ...? 和Why don't you ...? 結構提出建議
What about listening to tapes?
Why don't you read aloud to practice pronunciation
第二單元
用used to + 動詞原形結構表示過去與現在的不用
You used to
have long hair.
You used to be
outgoing, don't you?
A: Did you use
to have straight hair?
B: Yes, I
did.
A: Did you use
to play the piano?
B: No, I
didn't
第三單元
用should (not) + be allowed to 談論允許和不允許
A: I think
students should be allowed to do homework with friends.
B: I disagree.
They talk instead of doing homework.
A:
Sixteen-year-olds should not be allowed to drive.
B: I agree.
They aren't serious enough at that age.
第四單元
1.
用虛擬語氣來提出假設及用should來征詢意見
What would you do if you won a million
dollars?
I can't sleep the night before an exam. What should I
do?
2.
用虛擬語氣和should來為他人提供建議
If I were you, I would take a long walk before going to
bed.
You should drink more water.
第五單元
使用must，might，could，can't 進行推論
The volleyball
must be Carla's. She is the only one who plays
volleyball.
It
can't be Tom. He went to Guangzhou just now.
She might /
could be having lunch at the school canteen. It is lunch time
第六單元
that和who 引導的定語從句
I prefer music
that I can sing along with.
The man
who is talking to my mother is my teacher
第七單元
1.
用would like to和hope to來表達願望
I'd like to visit somewhere interesting.
I hope to travel around the world.
Where would you like to visit this winter
vacation?
2.
由where引導的定語從句
He likes to visit the village where he can see beautiful trees
第八單元
掌握動詞短語：
put off, hand
out, call up, give away, run out of, clean up, take after, cheer up, set up, fix
up, give out
第十單元
過去完成時（The Past Perfect Tense）的用法
A: What
happened?
B: I
overslept. And by the time I got up, my brother had already gotten into
the shower.
【九單元無】
第十一單元
1.
用Could you please ...?
禮貌地向他人詢問
Could you please tell me where the restrooms
are?
2. where，how和if引導的賓語從句
Excuse me. Do you know where I can exchange
money?
Could you tell me how to get to the post office?
Could you
please tell me if there are any good museums in
Newtown?
第十二單元
1.
用be supposed to表示被期待或被要求做某事
You were supposed to arrive at 7: 00.
In Peru, you are not supposed to talk at the
table.
2.
用should 表示應該做某事
You should wipe your mouth with your napkin every time you take a
drink
第十三單
元
1.
用make somebody + adj.
表達「使某人……」
Rainy days make me sad.
Waiting for him in the rain made me
annoyed.
2.
用make somebody do something
句型表示使某人做某事
Sad movies always make me cry.
Had seats in fast-food restaurants make people eat fast and
leave.
第十四單元
用現在完成時來談論或詢問最近發生的事情
A: Have
you packed the camera yet?
B: No. I
haven't packed it yet.
Yes. I've
already put it in my suitcase.
第十五單元
1.
復習各種時態
2.
用動詞think，believe，agree，disagree等來表達自己的觀點
I think that animals should not live in zoos.
I disagree with you. I feel that zoos provide clean and safe
places for endangered animals to live.
❾ 求最新人教版新目標初中英語語法框架（包括：每單元題目+語法內容）謝謝！
你提這個問題估計對教材不熟悉，初中英語教材不是每個單元都有語法的，而且專有些是重復的。目前市場屬上還沒見過這種語法書。整體梳理的倒是很多，推薦樓主網路一下奧風英語的 《中考語法完全突破》視頻教程，系統地看一下，該教程同時配有《記憶大綱》和《精編中考語法專項練習》，學記練三位一體，配套完善，系統全面，又名 中學語法三劍客，高考版，可以說是目前公認最好的語法資料了，不過是不是適合自己還是要親自檢驗一下，網路 中考語法完全突破 即可在線收看。
❿ 我想要八年級下冊新目標英語語法復習1-10單元的
By是個很常用的介詞（有時也用作副詞），在初中英語中的用法有以下幾種： 1.意為「在……旁」、「靠近」。如： Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大樹下唱歌跳舞，有的在湖邊畫畫兒。 2.意為「不遲於」、「到……時為止」。如： Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的兒子在晚飯前會好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上個學期末你們已經學了多少首英語歌曲？ 3.表示方法、手段，可譯作「靠」、「用」、「憑借」、「通過」、「乘坐」等。如： The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在樹上哈哈大笑。 The boy』s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父親是那麼的感激，於是他教愛迪生怎樣通過鐵路電報來傳達信息。 4.表示「逐個」、「逐批」的意思。如： One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他們一個一個得在黑暗中經過這張桌子。5.表示「根據」、「按照」的意思。如：What time is it by your watch? 你的表幾點了? 6.和take , hold等動詞連用，說明接觸身體的某一部分。如： I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7.用於被動句中，表示行為主體，常譯作「被」、「由」等。如： English is spoken by many people. 英語被許多人所說。（即「許多人講英語。」） 8.組成其它短語。 1) by the way : 意為「順便說」、「順便問一下」，常做插入語。如： By the way , where』s Li Ping , do you know?
順便問一下，李平在哪兒。你知道嗎？ 2) by oneself : 意為「單獨」、「自行」。如： I can』t leave her by herself. 我不能把她單獨留下。 3) by and by : 意為「不久以後」、「不一會兒」。如： But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以後，越來越多的人開始學英語了。
二、動名詞的構成動詞後加動名詞doing，相當於名詞，在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語定語等。1）★作主語（這種用法常考）
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方與北方開戰了。2）作賓語Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
請問你介意調小一點收音機的音量嗎？3）作表語Babysister』s job is washing，cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服，作飯和照看孩子。
Unit2
used to 的用法：（1）肯定句：used這個詞沒有人稱的變化，to後面接動詞原形。
否定句是didn』t use to….
When I was a child, I didn』t use to like apples.當我還是孩子的時候我不喜歡蘋果.
疑問形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?當你來這兒之前你住哪兒？
（2）含有used to 的句子的反意疑問句不要usedn』t + 主語，而用didn』t ＋ 主語。He used to smoke, didn』t he? 他過去常常吸煙，是嗎？Yes, he did./ No, he didn』t. 是的，他吸。/ 不，他不吸。
（3）used to 表示過去的習慣動作， 而不是現在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已經習慣於這里的天氣了。He is used to hard work. 他習慣於艱苦的工作。
（4）used to 可以和be, have 以及其他狀態動詞連用，描寫過去的狀態。 I used to be a waiter, but now I』m a taxi-driver.我過去是一個服務員，但現在我是計程車司機。
★ 本單元的許多運用used to 的句子屬於描述過去的狀態。Mario used to be short. 馬力奧過去總是很矮。Amy used to be outgoing. 愛米過去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜過去有一頭直的長頭發。He used to wear black shoes. 他過去常穿黑鞋。
Unit3
本單元重點講到了被動語態的用法 英語動詞的被動語態由助動詞be加及物動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞be有時態，人稱和數的變化，其變化規則與連系動詞be完全一樣。
一、被動語態的句式變化： 以一般現在時和動詞invite為例，列表說明被動語態的句式變化：
二、各種時態的被動語態結構總結如下： 被動語態的時態是由be的時態決定的，be是什麼時態，全句就是什麼時態，be動詞後面的過去分詞不變。 一般現在時的被動語態為：主＋am / is / are （not）＋過去分詞 一般過去時的被動語態為：主＋was / were ＋過去分詞
例如： 我們學過的was / were born 生於，就是一個被動語態. born是個過去分詞（bear） －When were you born ? －I was born in 1989. 現在進行時被動語態的構成為: 主語＋is / am / are + being ＋過去分詞
現在完成時被動語態的構成為: 主語＋have / has ＋been ＋過去分詞
情態動詞的被動語態: 情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞
一般將來時的被動語態: 主語＋will ＋be ＋過去分詞
過去將來時的被動語態: 主語＋would / should + be ＋過去分詞
過去進行時的被動語態: 主語＋was / were + being ＋過去分詞
過去完成時的被動語態: 主語＋had + been +過去分詞
三、被動語態的用法：（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰，不用by＋動作執行者短語 Football is played widely all over the world. 全世界都廣泛地踢足球。
（2）強調動作的承受者，這時應用by短語。The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午這家銀行遭到搶劫。
（3）作客觀說明時，常採用一種被動語態句型It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.
據報道美國大約二十名兒童死於流感。
四、主動語態的句子變為被動語態的方法是： （1）把原句中的賓語變為主語 （2）動詞改為被動形式，即be+過去分詞 （3）原來的主語，如果需要的話，放在by後面，如果沒必要，可省略。 請看下錶:
主動語態 被動語態
They make trains in Zhuzhou． They use this key for locking the classroom door．Many people speak English．He wrote a letter．They are building a road． Trains are made in Zhuzhou．This key is used for locking the classroom door(by them)．English is spoken by many people．A letter was written by him．A road is being built (by them)．
Unit4
虛擬語氣：如果我們所說的不是事實，也不是要求、命令、勸告等，而只是一種假設、願望、建議或是一種實現不了的空想就用虛擬語氣
注意：條件句分兩種，真實條件句和虛擬條件句。只有在虛擬（非真實）條件句中，才用虛擬語氣，而在真實條件句中，要用陳述語氣。
請比較：
（1）If it is sunny tomorrow , we』ll go to the zoo.
如果明天天氣好，我們將會去公園。在這句話中，明天天氣好是完全有可能實現的，並非虛擬、幻想，因此是真實條件句。在本句中，適用「主將從現。」
（2）If I were you , I would go at once.
（如果我是你的話，我立刻就走。）在這句話中，條件句，「如果我是你」，但事實上，我不可能成為你，這只是假設的情況，沒有實現的可能。當條件實現的可能性很小，甚至可以說沒有時，就需要用虛擬語氣來表示，動詞發生了變化。
也就是說虛擬語氣表示和現實的事實相反時，從句用一般過時。
主句用 「should/would/could/ might +動詞原形。
1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.
2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.
3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.
知識點2. He doesn』t know if he should bring a present.
此處if表示「是否」，引導賓語從句。Should此處表示「應該」。不是虛擬語氣。
E.g.1. I don』t know if I should go to the party.
2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .
知識點3.If I were you , I』d wear a shirt and tie.
if 引導的條件狀語從句表示與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣時，be動詞只能用were，而不能用was。
E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .
知識點4. I don』t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?
What if… 「如果……怎麼辦？」相當於 what would happen if…
E.g. What shall I do if it snows?
知識點5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.
Trouble 麻煩事 ,名詞
常用搭配 ：get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble what』s the trouble