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英語中各種語法的英文表示方法

發布時間:2021-01-20 23:45:02

① 英語單詞中所有詞性的表示方法

n . 名詞、v. 動詞、adv. 副詞、adj. 形容詞、art. 冠詞、num. 數詞、prep. 介系詞、pron . 代名詞、conj. 連接詞 、s 主詞、sc 主詞補語、o 受詞 (賓語)、oc 受詞補語、vi. 不及物動詞、vt. 及物動詞、aux.v 助動詞 、int. 感嘆詞、c. 可數名詞、u. 不可數名詞、pl. 復數,plural的縮寫。

1、noun

英 [naʊn];美[naʊn]

n. 名詞

例:Is this noun in the nominative?

這個名詞是主格形式的嗎?

例:What is the noun that corresponds to this verb?

與這個動詞相應的名詞是什麼?

2、abbreviation

英 [əˌbriːvi'eɪʃn];美 [əˌbriːvi'eɪʃn]

n. 縮寫詞

例:All abbreviations are to be written out.

所有的縮寫都要完整地寫出來。

例:UK is the abbreviation of the United Kingdom.

UK是大不列顛聯合王國的縮寫。

3、verb

英 [vɜːb];美[vɝb]

v. 動詞;動詞詞性;動詞性短語或從句

例:You should run on an adverb to the verb.

你應在這動詞後附加一個副詞。

例:In Turkish, you would have to include in the verb how you acquired this information.

在土耳其語裡面,你需要在這個動詞里包含如何獲得該信息的。

4、adverb

英 ['ædvɜːb];美['ædvɝb]

adv.副詞

例:Here it is an adverb.

在這里它是個副詞。

例:Adverb is to describe a verb or an action .

副詞是來形容一個動詞或一個動作。

5、adjective

英 ['ædʒɪktɪv];美['ædʒɪktɪv]

adj. 形容詞的;從屬的

例:I am using this adjective not without reason.

我用這樣的形容詞不是沒有理由的。

例:Consenescence is not only an adjective, but a fact.

衰老不僅僅只個形容詞,更是一個事實。

② 英語中各種詞性都用什麼字母表示的

答案是:名詞(n.)、代詞(pron.)、形容詞(adj.)、數詞(num.)、動詞(v.)、副詞(adv.)、冠詞(art.)、
介詞(prep.)、連詞(conj.)、感嘆詞(int.)、vt.是及物動詞、vi.是不及物動詞。

一、名詞,Nouns (n.)

用法:表示人或事物的名稱 box,pen,tree,apple

二、代詞,Pronouns (pron.)

用法:代替名詞、數詞、形容詞We,this,them,myself

三、形容詞,Adjectives(adj.)

用法:用來修飾名詞,表示人或事物的特徵 good,sad,high,short

四、數詞,Numerals(num.)

用法:表示數目或順序 one,two,first

五、動詞,Verb (v.)

用法:表示動作或狀態 Jump,sing,visit

六、副詞,Adverbs(adv.)

用法:修飾動、形、副等詞,表示動作特徵 there,widely,suddenly

七、冠詞,Articles (art.)

用法:用在名詞前,幫助說明名詞所指的范圍 a,an,the

八、介詞,Prepositions (prep.)

用法:用在名詞或代詞前,說明它與別的詞的關系 in,on,down,up

九、連詞,Conjunctions (conj.)

用法:表示人或事物的名稱if,because,but

十、感嘆詞,Interjections (int.)

用法:代替名詞、數詞、形容詞等 oh,hello,hi,yeah

十一、vt.是及物動詞

用法:vt.後必須跟賓語:sing a song

十二、vi.是不及物動詞

用法:vi.後不直接帶賓語或不帶賓語:jump high

(2)英語中各種語法的英文表示方法擴展閱讀

虛詞詞性:

一、冠詞art.

釋義:「冠"於名詞之前,配合名詞體現其性,數,格等屬性的詞,根據句子所表達的意義,冠詞有定冠詞和不定冠詞兩種。

二、介詞prep.

釋義:用在句子的名詞成分之前,說明該成分與句子其它成分關系的詞。

三、助動詞aux.v

釋義:「幫助」實義動詞實現語法功能的詞。

四、系動詞copular link verb

釋義:作為謂語連接主語和描述性的賓語。

五、語氣詞

英語通常使用句子結構和語調來表語氣和時態,翻譯帶語氣助詞的句子通常要求根據情境造一個相同意義的句子。

六、嘆詞

釋義:表感嘆的小詞,通常獨立成句。

七、擬聲詞

釋義:模擬聲音的小詞,如「砰」「啪」等。英語中某些擬聲詞同時也是「表示這種聲音的名詞」,如「roar」既是摹仿動物的吼聲的擬聲詞,又是名詞「吼叫」。

③ 英語中表示「的」的語法

你已經說了三種,其中的of屬於介詞短語作定語,其實,除了介詞of可以表示"的"外,其它介詞短語也大都可以表示。如:The students in our class are all here. (我們班上的學生都在這兒。)The book on the desk is mine. (桌上的那本書是我的。)
另外,還有非謂語動詞及其短語,也可以作定語表示"的"。如:She has no work to do. ( 不定式to do 作定語)她沒有可以做的事情。
This mountain is a sleeping volcano.(現在分詞sleeping 作定語)這是一座休眠的火山。She has many friends living in China.(現在分詞短語living
in China 作定語)她有很多居住在中國的朋友。
He is a grown man.(過去分詞grown 作定語)他是一個成年的男人。
Most of the people invited to the party were old friends.( 過去分詞短語invited to the party作定語)應邀參加晚會的大部分人都是老朋友。

④ 英語里各種語法

that
可用在從句中
這三個也是指示代詞,可以做主語。

that
is
my
book

they
are
walking.

these
handbag
are
not
mine.

⑤ 求英語的各種語法格式

語法?很多耶?你說的是不是動詞的時態?如果說全部的語法,我建議你買一本語法書.

⑥ 英語裡面各個語法名稱的英文,要詳細和正規~ 會追加分哦~~

Traditional grammar classifies words based on eight parts of speech: the verb, the noun, the pronoun, the adjective, the adverb, the preposition, the conjunction, and the interjection.
Books are made of ink, paper, and glue.
In this sentence, "books" is a noun, the subject of the sentence.

Deborah waits patiently while Bridget books the tickets.
Here "books" is a verb, and its subject is "Bridget."

We walk down the street.
In this sentence, "walk" is a verb, and its subject is the pronoun "we."

The mail carrier stood on the walk.
In this example, "walk" is a noun, which is part of a prepositional phrase describing where the mail carrier stood.

The town decided to build a new jail.
Here "jail" is a noun, which is the object of the infinitive phrase "to build."

The sheriff told us that if we did not leave town immediately he would jail us.
Here "jail" is part of the compound verb "would jail."

They heard high pitched cries in the middle of the night.
In this sentence, "cries" is a noun acting as the direct object of the verb "heard."

The baby cries all night long and all day long.
But here "cries" is a verb that describes the actions of the subject of the sentence, the baby.

The next few sections explain each of the parts of speech in detail. When you have finished, you might want to test yourself by trying the exercise.

⑦ 求英語各種語法形式的例句

狀語從句1.地點狀語從句
地點狀語從句通常由where, wherever 引導。例如:
Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方樹很多。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪裡我都會想到你。 2.方式狀語從句
方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引導。
1)as, (just) as…so…引導的方式狀語從句通常位於主句後,但在(just) as…so…結構中位於句首,這時as從句帶有比喻的含義,意思是"正如…","就像",多用於正式文體。例如: Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎樣待你,你就要怎樣待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我們離不開空氣,猶如魚兒離不開水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打掃房屋一樣,我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落後的東西。
2)as if, as though
兩者的意義和用法相同,引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣,表示與事實相反,有時也用陳述語氣,表示所說情況是事實或實現的可能性較大。漢譯常作"彷彿……似的","好像……似的"。例如:They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他們完全忽略了這些事實,就彷彿它不存在似的。(與事實相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。)
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。(與事實相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看來天氣很快就會好起來。(實現的可能性較大,謂語用陳述語氣。)
說明:as if / as though也可以引導一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語。例如:
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不轉睛地看著我,就像第一次看見我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子,像要說什麼似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波濤沖擊著岩石,好像很憤怒 3.原因狀語從句
比較because, since, as和for:
1)because語勢最強,用來說明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的問題。當原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知,就用as或 since。例如:
I didn't go, because I was afraid. 我不去是因為我怕。
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 天氣那麼糟,旅行推遲了。
2)由because引導的從句如果放在句末,且前面有逗號,則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因,而是多種情況加以推斷,就只能用for。例如:
He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 他今天缺席,因為他病了。
He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了,所以今天缺席。4.目的狀語從句
表示目的狀語的從句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導。例如:You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必須大點聲,別人就能聽見了。
He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it. 他寫下了這個名字以免以後忘記。
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多穿點衣服,以防天發冷。5.結果狀語從句
結果狀語從句常由so…that 或 such…that引導。so…that與such…that之間可以轉換。例如:
The boy is so young that he can't go to school. 這男孩年齡太小,不能上學。
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school 6. 條件狀語從句
連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引導的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。非真實條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。 unless = if not. 例如:
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累,我們去散散步。
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.
典型例題
You will be late ___ you leave immediately.
A. unless B. until C. ifD. or
答案A。句意:除非你立即走,否則你就回遲到的。可轉化為 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late。B、D句意不對,or表轉折,句子如為 You leave immediately or you will be late. 7. 讓步狀語從句
1)though, although引導的讓步狀語從句,後面的從句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可連用。例如:
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.雖然在下雨,但他們仍在地里幹活。
He is very old, but he still works very hard. 雖然他很老了,但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 傷口雖癒合,但傷疤留下了。(諺語)
2) as, though 引導的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前(形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞提前)。例如:
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. 雖然是個小孩,該做什麼不做什麼,他全知道。
3) ever if, even though即使。例如:
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好,我們也要去遠足。
4) whether…or…不管……都。例如:
Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你,這確實是真的。
5)"no matter +疑問詞" 或"疑問詞+後綴ever" 。例如:
No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind. 不管發生什麼,他不在意。
替換:no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意:no matter 不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。8. 比較while, when, as
1)as, when 引導短暫性動作的動詞。例如:
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我一剎車,有一個人向我走來。
2)當從句的動作發生於主句動作之前,只能用when 引導這個從句,不可用as 或 while。例如: When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 趕完活後,你可以休息一下。
3)從句表示"隨時間推移"連詞能用as,不用when 或while。例如:
As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天過去,天氣越變越壞。9.比較until和till
此兩個連詞意義相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某時",動詞必須是延續性的。否定形式表達的意思是"直至某時才做某事"。動詞為延續性或非延續性都可以。正確使用這兩個連詞的關鍵之一就在於判斷句中的動詞該用肯定式還是否定式。肯定句:I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等著我叫你。(在肯定句中可用before代替。例如 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.)
否定句:She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 她直到6點才到。
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽車停穩後再下車。
I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我後,我才會做。
區別:1)until可用於句首,而till通常不用於句首。例如:
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告訴我以前,出了什麼事我一點也不知道。
2)until when 疑問句中,until要放在句首。例如:
---Until when are you staying?你呆到什麼時候?
--- Until next Monday.呆到下周一。
注意:否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。
1)Not until…在句首,主句用倒裝。例如:
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世紀初,人類才知道熱為何物。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作,才認識到我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。
2)It is not until… that… 。例如:
It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.
10.表示"一…就…"的結構
hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思。例如:
I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 剛回家,就下起雨來了。
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意:如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置於句首,句子必須用倒裝結構。例如:
Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.定語從句 1.關系代詞引導的定語從句1)who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中作主語和賓語。例如:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
2) whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換)。例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3)which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等。例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作賓語)
The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。 (which / that在句中作賓語)
2.關系副詞引導的定語從句 1)關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用。例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。
Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關系副詞,可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略。例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可 能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。
名詞性從句
(一)主語從句類
I What he need is more time 2 Where she has gone is a mystery. (二)表語從句類The fact iS that she never liked him. The question is who can complete teh dificult task。(三)賓語從句類1.Do you know what they are doing? 2.It is a matter of who will hold the position.(四)同位語從句類 He has no idea what was the matter with him.
The news that his class got the first prize in the relay—is true.

⑧ 英語中的八種語法各是什麼,構成是什麼,表示什麼

1.一般現在時: 主語+do/does(現在分詞)
e.g We clean the room every day.
2.一般過去時: 主語+did
e.g We cleaned the room just now.
3.現在進行時: 主語+am/is/are doing
e.g We are cleaning the room now.
4.過去進行時: was/were doing
e.g We were cheaning the room at 5:00 yesterday afternoon.
e.g 5.現在完成時回: have/has done
We have cleaned the room already.
6.過去完成時: had done
e.g We had cleaned the room before he arrived.
7.一般將答來時: will do/
e.g We will clean the room tomorrow.
8.過去將來時: was/were to /would do
e.g He said he would clean the room next.

⑨ 英語各種語法的英文名稱,例如名詞性從句怎麼說

1、句式

從句clause

從屬句 subordinate clause

並列句 coordinate clause

名詞從句 nominal clause

定語從句 attributive clause

狀語從句adverbial clause

賓語從句 object clause

主語從句 subject lause

同位語從句appositive clause

時間狀語從句 adverbial clause of time

地點狀語從句 adverbial clause of place

方式狀語從句 adverbial clause of manner

讓步狀語從句 adverbial clause of concession

原因狀語從句 adverbial clause of cause

結果狀語從句 adverbial clause of result

目的狀語從句adverbial clause of purpose

條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of condition

真實條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of real condition

非真實條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of unreal condition

含蓄條件句 adverbial clause of implied condition

錯綜條件句adverbial clause of mixed condition

句子 sentence

簡單句simple sentence

並列句compound sentence

復合句 complex sentence

並列復合句 compound complex sentence

陳述句 declarative sentence

疑問句interrogative sentence

2、時態

時態tense

過去將來時past future tense

過去將來進行時 past future continuous tense

過去將來完成時 past future perfect tense

一般現在時 present simple tense

一般過去時past simple tense

一般將來時future simple tense

現在完成時 past perfect tense

過去完成時present perfect tense

將來完成時 future perfect tense

現在進行時 present continuous tense

過去進行時past continuous tense

將來進行時 future continuous tense

過去將來進行時 past future continuous tense

現在完成進行時 present perfect continuous tense

過去完成進行時 past perfect continuous tense

(9)英語中各種語法的英文表示方法擴展閱讀

句型結構

句子按其結構可分為簡單句、並列句和復合句。

1、簡單句

基本形式:簡單句的基本形式是由一個主語加一個謂語構成。其它各種句子形式都是由此句型發展而來,如五大基本句型:

(1)主語+謂語(s.+predicate)

這種句型簡稱為主謂結構,其謂語一般都是不及物動詞,例:Things change.事物是變化的。Nobody went.沒有人去。

(2)主語+系動詞+表語(s.+link v.+predicative)

這種句型稱為主系表結構,其實聯系動詞在形式上也是一種謂語動詞,系動詞與表語一起構成了復合謂語,例:Mr. Turner is an artist.特納先生是位畫家。

(3)主語+謂語+賓語(s.+predicate+o.)

這種句型可稱為主謂賓結構,它的謂語一般多是及物動詞,例:We never beat children.我們從來不打孩子。

(4)主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語(s.+predicate+oi.+od.)

這種句型可稱為主謂賓賓結構,其謂語應是可有雙賓語的及物動詞,兩個賓語一個是間接賓語,一個是直接賓語,例:He gave the book to his sister.他把這本書給了他的妹妹。

(5)主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語(s.+predicate+o.+o.c.)

這種句型可簡稱為主謂賓補結構,其補語是賓語補語,與賓語一起即構成復合賓語,例:I found the book easy.我發現這本書不難。(形容詞easy作補語)

注意:有時兩個或更多的並列主語擁有一個共同的謂語,甚至並列有兩個主語和兩個謂語,這樣的句子仍然是簡單句,例:China and other countries in the east Asia are developing rapidly.

中國和東亞其它國家正在迅速地發展。(China and other countries並列主語)

2、It引導結構

It 既是代詞又是引詞。作代詞時,它可做人稱代詞、指示代詞、非人稱代詞,用於前指、非確指或習語中。作引詞時,它本身無實義,只起先行引導的作用。

可作形式主語(it is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.)或形式賓語(it + adj. + to do sth.),真實的主語或賓語是不定式、動名詞或名詞從句,它們則放在後面。

It 也用於強調句結構。如想強調某個詞或部分,可用it is (was) + 強調部分(主語、賓語或狀語) + that(who)…的強調結構。本章要求了解代詞it 和引詞it 的各種用法,重點掌握it 用於前指或後指;引導詞it 用於強調結構。

3、並列句

兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用並列連詞連在一起構成的句子,叫做並列句,其基本結構是「簡單句+並列連詞+簡單句」。

並列連詞有:and, but, or, so等。並列句是由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連接而成。並列句中的各簡單句意義同等重要,相互之間沒有從屬關系,是平行並列的關系。它們之間用連詞連結。

4、復合句

復雜句(Complex Sentence)由一個主句(Principal Clause)和一個或一個以上的從句(Subordinate Clause)構成。

主句是全句的主體,通常可以獨立存在;從句則是一個句子成分,不能獨立存在。

從句不能單獨成句,但它也有主語部分和謂語部分,就像一個句子一樣。所不同在於,從句須由一個關聯詞(connective)引導。

⑩ 英語各種語法的英文名稱,例如名詞性從句怎麼說請幫忙

是各種語法術語的英文名稱,那多去了。可以是一本小冊子。名詞性從句:NounClauses.語法grammar句法syntax詞法morphology結構structure層次rank句子sentence從句clause片語phrase詞類partofspeech單詞word實詞notionalword虛詞structuralword單純詞simpleword派生詞derivative復合詞compound詞性partofspeech名詞noun專有名詞propernoun普通名詞commonnoun可數名詞countablenoun不可數名詞uncountablenoun抽象名詞abstractnoun具體名詞concretnoun物質名詞materialnoun集體名詞collectivenoun個體名詞indivialnoun介詞preposition連詞conjunction動詞verb主動詞mainverb及物動詞transitiveverb不及物動詞intransitiveverb系動詞linkverb助動詞auxiliaryverb情態動詞modalverb規則動詞regularverb不規則動詞irregularverb短語動詞phrasalverb限定動詞finiteverb非限定動詞infiniteverb使役動詞causativeverb感官動詞verbofsenses動態動詞eventverb靜態動詞stateverb感嘆詞exclamation形容詞adjective副詞adverb方式副詞adverbofmanner程度副詞adverbofdegree時間副詞adverboftime地點副詞adverbofplace修飾性副詞adjunct連接性副詞conjunct疑問副詞interogativeadverb關系副詞relativeadverb代詞pronoun人稱代詞personalpronoun物主代詞possesivepronoun反身代詞reflexivepronoun相互代詞reciprocalpronoun指示代詞demonstrativepronoun疑問代詞interrogativepronoun關系代詞relativepronoun不定代詞indefinitepronoun物主代詞possecivepronoun名詞性物主代詞nominalpossesiveprnoun形容詞性物主代詞adjectivalpossesivepronoun冠詞article定冠詞definitearticle不定冠詞indefinitearticle數詞numeral基數詞cardinalnumeral序數詞ordinalnumeral分數詞fractionalnumeral形式form單數形式singularform復數形式pluralform限定動詞finiteverbform非限定動詞non-finiteverbform原形baseform從句clause從屬句subordinateclause並列句coordinateclause名詞從句nominalclause定語從句attributiveclause狀語從句adverbialclause賓語從句objectclause主語從句subjectclause同位語從句appositiveclause時間狀語從句adverbialclauseoftime地點狀語從句adverbialclauseofplace方式狀語從句adverbialclauseofmanner讓步狀語從句adverbialclauseofconcession原因狀語從句adverbialclauseofcause結果狀語從句adverbialclauseofresult目的狀語從句adverbialclauseofpurpose條件狀語從句adverbialclauseofcondition真實條件狀語從句非真實條件狀語從句含蓄條件句錯綜條件句句子sentence簡單句simplesentence並列句compoundsentence復合句complexsentence並列復合句compoundcomplexsentence陳述句declarativesentence疑問句interrogativesentence一般疑問句generalquestion特殊疑問句specialquestion選擇疑問句alternativequestion附加疑問句tagquestion反義疑問句disjunctivequestion修辭疑問句rhetoricalquestion感嘆疑問句exclamatoryquestion存在句existentialsentence肯定句positivesentence基本句型basicsentencepatern否定句negativesentence祈使句imperativesentence省略句ellipticalsentence感嘆句exclamatorysentence句子成分membersofsentences主語subject謂語predicate賓語object雙賓語alobject直接賓語directobject間接賓語indirectobject復合賓語complexobject同源賓語cognateobject補語complement主補subjectcomplement賓補objectcomplement表語predicative定語attribute同位語appositive狀語adverbial句法關系syntaticrelationship並列coordinate從屬subordination修飾modification前置修飾pre-modification後置修飾post-modification限制restriction雙重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction數number單數形式singularform復數形式pluralform規則形式regularform不規則形式irregularform格case普通格commoncase所有格possessivecase主格nominativecase賓格objectivecase性gender陽性masculine陰性feminine通性common中性neuter人稱person第一人稱firstperson第二人稱secondperson第三人稱thirdperson時態tense過去將來時pastfuturetense過去將來進行時pastfuturecontinuoustense過去將來完成時pastfutureperfecttense一般現在時presentsimpletense一般過去時pastsimpletense一般將來時futuresimpletense現在完成時pastperfecttense過去完成時presentperfecttense將來完成時futureperfecttense現在進行時presentcontinuoustense過去進行時pastcontinuoustense將來進行時futurecontinuoustense過去將來進行時pastfuturecontinuoustense現在完成進行時presentperfectcontinuoustense過去完成進行時pastperfectcontinuoustense語態voice主動語態activevoice被動語態passivevoice語氣mood陳述語氣indicativemood祈使語氣imperativemood虛擬語氣subjunctivemood否定negation否定范圍scopeofnegation全部否定fullnegation局部否定partialnegation轉移否定shiftofnegation語序order自然語序naturalorder倒裝語序inversion全部倒裝fullinversion部分倒裝partialinversion直接引語directspeech間接引語indirectspeech自由直接引語freedirectspeech自由間接引語freeindirectspeech一致agreement主謂一致subject-predicateagreement語法一致grammaticalagreement概念一致notionalagreement就近原則principleofproximity強調emphasis重復repetition語音pronunciation語調tone升調risingtone降調fallingtone降升調falling-risingtone文體style正式文體formal非正式文體informal口語spoken/oralEnglish套語formulisticexpression英國英語BritishEnglish美國英語AmericanEnglish用法usage感情色彩emotionalcoloring褒義commendatory貶義derogatory幽默humorous諷刺sarcastic挖苦ironic

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