『壹』 英語語法的直接引語改間接引語
人稱的變化直接引語中的代詞變為間接引語時，要根據句意情景進行變化。變化規則如下表所示：直接引語間接引語第一人稱第三人稱或第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱或第一人稱第三人稱第三人稱e.g.I said,「I won』t lose heart.」→I said that 1 wouldn』t lose heart.我說我不會灰心的。(第一人稱I不變)I told Mary,「We will help you out of trouble.」→I told Mary that we would help her out of trouble.我告訴瑪麗我們會幫助她解決麻煩的。(第一人稱we不變，第二人you變為第三人稱her)Nancy told her parents,「Evan is a nice boy. He is always ready to help.」→Nancy told her parents that Evan was a nice boy and that he was always ready to help.南希告訴父母說伊文是一個不錯的小伙並且他總是樂於助人。(第三人稱he不變)2．時態的變化主句中謂語動詞的時態如果是現在時或將來時，則間接引語中時態和原直接引語的時態一樣，不作改變。e.g.Carson says,「I will have all of you over and enjoy our free and easy time.」→Carson says that he will have all of us over and enjoy our free and easy time.卡森說他會讓我們都過來自由、輕松地好好玩一玩。（1）時態變化的情況如果主句為過去的某種時態，則間接引語的時態應相應向前推一個時態，如下表所示：直接引語間接引語直接引語間接引語一般現在時一般過去時一般將來時過去將來時一般過去時過去完成時現在完成時過去完成時現在進行時過去進行時過去完成時e.g.Tina said,「I usually get up at six.」→Tim said she usually got up at six.蒂娜說她通常六點起床。(一般現在時變為一般過去時)Martin told me,「I rang Alice yesterday.」→Martin told me that he had rung Alice the day before.馬丁告訴我說他昨天已經給艾麗斯打電話了。(一般過去時變為過去完成時)Nina told me,「Lisa is studying abroad.」Nina told me that Lisa was studying abroad.尼娜告訴我麗莎正在國外學習。(現在進行時變為過去進行時)Hayley said to me,「I will see you at the same place tomorrow.」→Hayley said to me that she would see me at the same place the next day.海莉對我講她第二天要在同一地點見我。(一般將來時變為過去將來時)Nell said,「I have worked out this problem.」→Nell said that she had worked out that problem.內爾說她已經做出了那道題目。(現在完成時改為過去完成時)Bob told me,「I had worked here for years before I moved out.」→Bob told me that he had worked there for years before he moved out.鮑勃告訴我說他在那兒工作了多年才搬走。(過去完成時不變)（2）時態不需要變化的幾種情況一般說來當直接引語轉為間接引語，被轉述的話依然有效或在當時、當地轉述時，常常不改變時態。具體有以下幾種情況。①直接引語有確定的過去時間時。e.g.Chloe said,「The story took place in the 1930s.」→Chloe said that the story took place in the 1930s.克勞說這個故事發生在二十世紀三十年代。②只著眼於轉述事實，而不側重動作先於轉述動作的時間時。e.g.The boy said,「I found the dog just at the edge of the wood.」→The boy said that he found the dog just at the edge of the wood.男孩說他在森林邊上發現了那條狗。③所轉述的動作或狀態說話時仍在繼續，並對此點加以強調時。e.g.The reporter said,「The war is now still on.」→The reporter said that the war is now still on.記者說戰爭依然在繼續。Charlie told me,「I am just helping my dad on the farm right now.」→Charlie told me that he is just helping his dad on the farm right now.查理告訴我說他現在正在農場幫他父親幹活。④所轉述的是自然現象、科學真理、名言警句等，並對此加以強調時。e.g.Our English teacher said,「All work no play makes Jack a ll boy.」→Our English teacher told US that all work no play makes Jack a ll boy.我們的英語老師告訴我們只顧學習不休息，聰明的孩子也變傻。3．指示代詞的變化直接引語中的this在變為間接引語時應改為that，these改為those。e.g.Toby said to me,「This is the School Computer Center.」→Toby said to me that was the School Computer Center.(this變為that)托比告訴我說那就是學校計算機中心。Kerry told me,「These photos were taken ten years ago.」→Kerry told me that those photos had been taken ten years before.(these變為those)克里告訴我說那些照片是十年前拍的。注意：在說話者的當時、當地轉述時，this，that不用改變。—Nora said,「I』ll take this book.」—What did Nora say just now?—She said she will take this book.4．時間狀語的變化直接引語間接引語now現在then那時today今天that day那天this evening今晚that evening那天晚上yesterday昨天the day before前天yesterday morning昨天上午the morning before前天早晨last night昨天晚上the night before前天晚上two days ago兩天前two days before兩天前next week下周the next weekthe following week第二周tomorrow明天the next daythe following day第二天the day before yesterday前天two days before兩天前the day after tomorrow後天in two days』 timetwo days after兩天後e.g.Nell said,「I』m now visiting China.」→Nell said that she was then visiting China.內爾說她當時正訪問中國。(now變為then)Rebecca asked me,「Have you got anything on this evening?」→Rebecca asked me whether I had got anything on that evening.麗貝卡問我那天晚上是否有事。(this evening變為that evening)Joanna said,「Professor Black is going to give a lecture on SARS next week.」→Joanna said that Professor Black was going to give a lecture on SARS the next week.喬安娜說布萊克教授第二周要做一場有關非典的講座。(next week變為the next week)特別提示在說話者的當時、當地轉述時，所說的話在轉述時還起作用，時間狀語不變。e.g.—Jimmy, we』ll take a trip to Hawaii tomorrow.吉米，明天我們到夏威夷去旅行。—What did Daddy say just now, Mummy?媽媽，爸爸說什麼？—He said we』ll take a trip to Hawaii tomorrow.他說明天我們去夏威夷旅行。5．地點狀語的變化常見的地點狀語變化是把here，變為there。另外over here應變為over there。e.g.The boy said,「This is the first time I have been here.」→The boy said that that was the first time he had been there.這個男孩說那是他第一次到那個地方。(here變為there)Roman told me,「I just put all the things over here.」→Roman told me that he had just put all the things over there.羅曼告訴我他剛才把所有的東西都放在那邊了。(over here變為over there)特別提示在說話者的當時、當地轉述時，here，over here不用改變。e.g.—Will you come here, Jim?吉姆請到這邊來，好嗎？—What does Robert say?羅伯特剛才說什麼？—He asked if you will come here.他問你是否可以到這邊來。6．方向性動詞的變化在直接引語變為間接引語時，表示方向性的動詞bring，come應變為take，go。e.g.My sister asked me,「Could you bring the chairs upstairs?」→My sister asked me if I could take the chairs upstairs.我的姐姐問我能否把椅子拿到樓上去。(bring變為take)Helen told me,「I』d prefer you to come to the party this weekend.」→Helen told me that she would prefer me to go to the party that weekend.海倫告訴我她願意讓我那個周末去參加宴會。(come變為go)
『貳』 如何講清英語語法中直接引語與間接引語的互換
直接引語變間接引語:定義：我們轉述別人的話時，可以引用別人的原話，被引用的部分稱為直接引語；用自己的話轉述別人的話叫間接引語。這兩種引語都是賓語從句，但是直接引語放在引號內，不用連詞聯接；間接引語不用引號，通常用連接詞與主句聯接。
一、直接引語變間接引語時句式的變化
1.陳述句變為以 that 引導的賓語從句。例如：
He said, 「I'm very glad.」
→He said that he was very glad.
2.一般疑問句變為if(whether)引導的賓語從句。例如：
He said, 「Can you come this afternoon, John?」
→He asked whether (if) John could come that afternoon.
3. 特殊疑問句變為由who, what, when等疑問詞引導的賓語從句。例如：
He said, 「Where is Mr. Wang?」
→He asked where Mr. Wang was.
二、 人稱的變化
【點撥】人稱的變化一般遵循「一同主，二隨賓，三不變」這一原則，例如：
「I went to the Great Wall yesterday,」 Li Hua said.
→Li Hua said that he had gone to the Great Wall the day before.
「I』ll come to help you whenever you need my help,」 he answered her.
→He answered her that he would come to help her whenever she needed his help.
She said to me, 「Your pronunciation is better than his.」
→She told me that my pronunciation was better than his.
三、.時態變化
主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時，從句的謂語動詞在時態方面要做相應的變化，總的原則是向過去推一個時態。
時態的變化 例 句
一般現在時→
一般過去時 She said, 「I need a calculator.」
→She said that she needed a calculator.
現在進行時→
過去進行時 Jim said, 「I』m expecting a long distance call.」 →Jim said that he was expecting a long distance call.
一般將來時→
過去將來時 Nancy said, 「I』ll call again later.」
→Nancy said that she would call again later.
一般過去時→
過去完成時 He said, 「I took it home with me.」
→He said that he had taken it home with him.
現在完成時→
過去完成時 Paul said, 「Our team has won the match.」
→Paul said that their team had won the match.
過去完成時→
過去完成時 He said, 「I had finished my homework before supper.」 →He said that he had finished his homework before supper.
四、 指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化
變化形式 例句
指
示
代
詞 this→
that She said, 「She is coming this week.」
→She said that she was coming that week.
these→
those He said, 「These books are mine.」
→He said those books were his.
時
間
狀
語 now→
then He said, 「It』s ten o』clock now.」
→He said that it was ten o』clock then.
today→
that day He said, 「I haven』t seen her today.」
→He said that he hadn』t seen her that day.
tonight→
that night She said, 「I』ll come again tonight.」
→She said that she would go again that night.
yesterday→
the day before He said, 「This happened yesterday.」
→He said that had happened the day before.
時
間
狀
語 now→
then He said, 「It』s ten o』clock now.」
→He said that it was ten o』clock then.
today→
that day He said, 「I haven』t seen her today.」
→He said that he hadn』t seen her that day.
tonight→
that night She said, 「I』ll come again tonight.」
→She said that she would go again that night.
yesterday→
the day before He said, 「This happened yesterday.」
→He said that had happened the day before.
three days ago→
three days before She said, 「I arrived two days ago.」
→She said that she had arrived two days before.
tomorrow→
the next day
the following day She said, 「He』ll be back tomorrow.」
→She said that he would be back the next day.
next week→
the next week She said, 「I』ll do it next week.」
→She said that she would do it the next week.
地
點
狀
語 here→
there She said, 「He came here to see Tom.」
→She said that he had gone there to see Tom.
動
詞 come/bring→
go/take He said, 「I brought it home with me.」
→He said he had taken it home with him.
【拓展延伸】
直接引語變為間接引語時時態不作改變的情況
① 主句的謂語動詞為現在或將來時態，從句的時態無需變化。例如：
He says, 「I』m tired.」
→He says that he is tired.
He will say, 「The boy was lazy.」
→He will tell you that the boy was lazy.
② 當直接引語是客觀真理時，不受時間的限制，因此不需要變化時態。
Our geography teacher said to us, 「The earth goes round the sun.」→Our geography teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun.
③ 直接引語是一般過去時，並且和具體的過去時間連用，時態不作改變。
She said, 「I was born in 1995.」
→She said that she was born in 1995.
『叄』 英語直接引語
1.賓語從句的主語：一隨主，二隨賓，三不變。
e.g.(1)She said "I will go home ."
改：She said that she would go home.（一隨主）
(2)She said to me "You can go with me.".
改She said to me that I could go with her.(二不變)
(3) She said to me "He will go home."
改She said to me that he would go home.(三不變)
2.賓語從句中注意時態
1.若主語為一般過去時，則賓語從句的時態要變為過去的某一時態。
e.g.(1)He said "I wil go home.「
改 He said that he would go home.(一般將來時改為過去將來時)
（2）He said "I have had lunch."
改 He said that he had had lunch.(現在完成時改為過去完成時)
(3)He said "I know a lot about the teacher."
改He said that he knew a lot about the teacher.(一般現在時改為一般過去時)
（4）He said "I had lunch."
He said that he had had lunch.(一般過去時改為過去完成時）
(5)He said "I am playing games"
改He said that he was playing games.(現在進行時改為過去進行時）
特殊He said "The earth goes around the sun."
改 He said that the earth goes aroung the sun.(當直接引語中表示客觀事實時，時態不受主句影響）
3.直接引語變間接引語時，要注意時間狀語的改變。
e.g.He said 『I am listening to music now."
改He said that he was listening to music then.(此句中now改為then)
後面不舉例了，時間狀語按下面改就對了
now=then
today=that day
tonight=that night
this morning\week=that morning\week
tomorrow=the following\next day
yesterday=the day before
last mouth =the month before
ago=before
here=there
（上面左為直接引語中的時間狀語，右為間接引語的時間狀語）
4.最後是指示代詞要變
this改為that
these改為those
像你說的
有個規則wether+or
有了or就不能用if只能用wether
不懂再問
望採納
『肆』 英語引語語法直接引語變間接引語加的那個that 是不是都可以省略
是的that引導賓語從句時可以省略 間接引語屬於賓語從句 故 that可以省略
『伍』 英語語法中,直接引語與間接引語的時態變化 最好有例句..越詳細越好..
樓上的非常詳細,所以,我就簡單列個表吧!直接引語間接引語時態一般現在時一般過去時 現在進行時過去進行時 現在完成時過去完成時 一般將來時過去將來時 一般過去時過去完成時指示代詞this / thesethat / those 時間狀語 nowtoday,tonighttomorrowthis week (month…)yesterdaylast week (month…)the day before yesterdaythe day after tomorrowthree days agonext weekthenthat day,that nightthe next / following daythat week (month...)the day beforethe week (month…)in two days beforein two days』 timethree days beforethe following / next week地點狀語herethere動詞comego 句式陳述句一般疑問句特殊疑問句選擇疑問句祈使句that引導賓語從句whether/if引導賓語從句相應的疑問詞引導的賓語從句whether…or引導賓語從句ask,tell + 賓語+to dothat引導賓語從句
『陸』 英語祈使句與直接引語間接引語的語法講解
引述別人的話時，一般採用兩種方式：一是引用別人的原話，把它放在引號內，稱為直接引語；二是用自己的話加以轉述，被轉述的話不放在引號內，稱為間接引語。間接引語在大多數情況下是一個賓語從語。直接引語變成間接引語時，要注意以下幾點：人稱變化、時態變化、賓語從句要用陳述句語序。
1.直接引語是陳述句，變成間接引語時，由連詞that 引導。例如：
She said, "I am very happy to help you."→
She said that she was very happy to help you.
2. 直接引語是一般(選擇/反意)疑問句，變成間接引語時，由連詞whether或if 引導。例如：
He asked me, "Do you like playing football?"→
He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.
注意：大多數情況下，if和whether 可以互換，但後有or not,或在動詞不定式前，或放在介詞後作連接詞時，一般只用whether。例如：
She asked me whether he could do it or not.
He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.
3. 直接引語是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語時，由相應的疑問詞who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引導。例如：
My sister asked me, "How do you like the film?"→
My sister asked me how I liked the film.
4. 直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語時，把動詞原形變成動詞不定式，並在動詞不定前加tell, ask, order 等的賓語。例如：
The captain ordered, "Be quiet."→
The captain ordered us to be quiet.
注意：此種情況的否定句，在動詞不定式前加not。
My teacher asked me, "Don't laugh."→
My teacher asked me not to laugh.
5. 一些注意事項
(1)直接引語是客觀事實、普遍真理等，變成間接引語時，時態不變。例如：
They told their son,"The earth goes round the sun."→
They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.
(2)直接引語變間接引語時， 指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要作相應的變化。如：this/that→ these/those, now→then, today→that day, yesterday→the day before, last year→the year before, ago→before, here→there等。例如：
He said, "I haven't seen her today."→
He said that he hadn't seen her that day.
注意：如果轉述時就在原來的地方，就在說話的當天，就不必改變指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等。
(3)間接引語一般要用陳述句的語序，即主、謂、賓的順序。例如：
He asked Lucy, "Where did you go?"→
He asked Lucy where she went.
Tom said, "What do you want, Ann?"→
Tom asked Ann what she wanted.
祈使句表示請求、命令、建議等等。謂語動詞一律用原形。句子中通常不用主語，句末用驚嘆號或者句號，用降調。
1含有第二人稱主語的祈使句
Be careful！小心！
Don''t make such a noise.不要這么吵。
1.肯定的祈使句
a.句型：動詞原形～.（省略主語）
Stand up.起立。
Be quiet，please.請安靜。
b.有時，為了加強語氣，可以在動詞之前加do
Do sit down.
務必請坐。
Do study hard.
一定要努力學習。
比較
祈使句和陳述句陳述句：
You sit down.
你坐下來。
祈使句：
Sit down.坐下
（省略主語you）
c.用客氣的語氣表示祈使句時，可在句首或句尾加上please，但如果在句尾加please，那在please之前一定要加一個逗號「，」。
Go this way，please.
請這邊走。
d.祈使句中如果有喚語，一定要用逗號「，」隔開，放在句首或句尾。
Li Ming，come here.
李明，過來。
Come here，Li Ming.
過來，李明。
2.否定的祈使句
句型：Don''t +動詞原形～
Don''t swim in the river.
別在河裡游泳。
Don''t be late.別遲到。
Please don''t be noisy.
請不要大聲喧嘩。
注意
表示禁止時，尤其是標語等也可用「No+動名詞」來表示。
No smoking.
禁止吸煙。
No parking.
禁止停車。
句型轉換
祈使句與陳述句的改寫
1．祈使句=You must …（陳述句）
Come here .過來。
=You must come here .
你必須過來。
Don''t do that again.
你一定不可以再那樣做了。
2．Please +祈使句=Will you (please) ～?（陳述句）
Please help me .請幫幫我。
=Will you (please) help me?
你願意幫我的忙嗎？
Come here on time ,please .請准時到這兒。
=Will you (please) come here on time ?
請你准時到好嗎？
2含有第一、第三人稱主語的祈使句
Let''s say good-by here.
我們在此道別吧。
Don''t let him do that again.
別讓他再那麼做了。
1.肯定的祈使句
句型：·Let+第一人稱（me，us）～.
·Let+第三人稱代詞（賓格：him，her，it，them）或名詞～.
Let''s go at once.
咱們馬上動身吧。
Let me try again.
讓我再試試。
Let Tom go there himself.
讓湯姆自己去那兒。
注意
Let''s包括對方，Let us不包括對方。反意疑問句時最明顯。
Let''s go，shall we？
咱們去吧，怎麼樣？
Let us go，will you？
讓我們去吧，行嗎？
（徵求對方的意見）
2.否定的祈使句
句型：·Let''s（us，me）+not +動詞原形～.
·Don''t let +第三人稱代詞的賓格或名詞+動詞原形.
Let''s not say anything about it.
對於這件事，咱們什麼也不要說。
Don''t let them play with fire.
別讓他們玩火。
句型轉換
祈使句有時相當一個if引導的條件狀語從句。
祈使句：Use your head and you''ll find a way.
條件句：If you use your head，you''ll find a way.
如果你動動腦筋，你就會找到方法。
注意
回答Let''s～的反意疑問句句型時，肯定時用Yes，let''s.否定時用NO，let''s not.
祈使句變反意疑問句的方法：
祈使句後的反意疑問句形式
a,Let's表示說話人向對方提出建議,簡短問句的主語用 we表示,問句用 shall we或 shan't we 如: Let's have a cup of tea ,shall we (shan't we)
b,Let me或 Let us表示聽話人提出請求,問句用 will you或 won't you .
Let me have a rest , will you (won't you )
c,其它的祈使句後可以加一個簡短問句,使語氣變得客氣一些.
如:Have a rest , will you
Stand up , will (won't) you
樓主不要太小氣哦！！！
『柒』 初中英語語法 直接引語變間接引語
比如說："I like dancing."Lily said.
改為間接的話，那就是：Lily said she likes dancing.
就是把一個人說過的話復述一遍，沒有了雙引號。
『捌』 英語語法直接引語變間接引語
直接引語變間接引語
一、如何變人稱：
學生在將直接引語變間接引語時。常常弄不清人稱變化。下面有一句順口溜「一隨主。二隨賓，第三人稱不更新」。「一隨主」是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如：
She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
「二隨賓」是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱。或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，如：
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
「第三人稱不更新」是指直接引語變間接引語時。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：
Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。
二、如何變時態：
直接引語在改為間接引語時、時態需要做相應的調整。
現在時它需改為過去時態；過去時態改為完成時；過去完成時則保留原來的時態。如：
1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→ She said she had lost a pen
2)She said. "We hope so."→ She said they hoped so.
3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。
但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變為間接引語時，時態一般不變化。
①直接引語是客觀真理。
"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
②直接引語是過去進行時，時態不變。如：
Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→ Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
③直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變為間接引語時，時態不變。如：
Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。
④直接引語如果是一般現在時。表示一種反復出現或習慣性的動作，變間接引語，時態不變。如：
He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。
⑤如果直接引語中的情態動詞沒有過去時的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已經是過去時的形式時，（例：could, should, would, might）不再變。如：
Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。
三、如何變狀語：
直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內在規津，時間狀語由「現在」改為「原來」（例：now變為then, yesterday。變為 the day before）地點狀語，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語，由「此」改為「彼」（例：this 改為that),如：
He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.
四、如何變句型：
①直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應改為由that引導的賓語從句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引語如果是反意疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應改為由whether或if引導的賓語從句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven『t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語應該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導的賓語從句（賓語從句必須用陳述句語序）。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應改為"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如：
"Don』t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引語如果是以「Let『s」開頭的祈使句，變為間接引語時，通常用「suggest +動句詞（或從句）。」如：
He said, "Let』s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
直接引語和間接引語詳解
引述或轉述別人的話稱為「引語」。直接引用別人的原話，兩邊用引號「 「標出，叫做直接引語；用自己的語言轉述別人的話，不需要引號這叫做間接引語，實際上間接引語大都是賓語從句（其中由祈使句轉換的間接引語除外，其轉換後是不定式）。那麼直接引語為陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和祈使句，轉換為間接引語時，句子的結構，人稱、時態、時間狀語和地點狀語等都要有變化，如何變化呢?
1、人稱的轉變
1）直接引語中的第一人稱，一般轉換為第三人稱，如：
He said，「I am very sorry.」 ——>He said that he was very sorry.
2）直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對轉述人說的，轉換為第一人稱，如：
「You should be more careful next time,」 my father told me.——>
My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.
3）直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對第三人稱說的，轉換成第三人稱。如：
She said to her son, 「I'll check your homework tonight.」 ——>
She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.
4）人稱的轉換包括人稱代詞、物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞等，如：
He asked me, 「Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?」 ——>
He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.
總之，人稱的轉換不是固定的，具體情況，具體對待，要符合邏輯。
2、時態的轉換
直接引語改為間接引語時，主句中的謂語動詞如果是過去時，從句（即間接引語部分）的謂語動詞在時態方面要作相應的變化，變成過去時范疇的各種時態（實際也是賓語從句的時態要求），變化如下：
直接引語 間接引語 直接引語 間接引語
一般現在時 一般過去時 一般過去時 過去完成時
現在進行時 過去進行時 過去完成時 過去完成時
現在完成時 過去完成時 過去進行時 過去進行時
一般將來時 過去將來時
例如：
「I am very glad to visit your school」, she said. ——>
She said she was very glad to visit our school.
Tom said, 「We are listening to the pop music.」 ——>
Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.
Mother asked, 「Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?」 ——>
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
He asked the conctor, 「Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?」 ——>
He asked the conctor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.
「Why did she refuse to go there?」 the teacher asked. ——>
The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.
Mother asked me, 「Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?」 ——>
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
Tom said, 「We were having a football match this time yesterday.」 ——>
Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before.
He said，「I haven't heard from my parents these days.」 ——>
He said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days.
3、直接引語變成間接引語時，從句時態無須改變的情況
1）當主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時的時候，如：
He always says, 「I am tired out.」 ——>He always says that he is tired out.
2）當主句的謂語動詞是將來時的時候，如：
He will say, 「I』ll try my best to help you.」 ——>He will say that he will try his best to help me.
3）當直接引語部分帶有具體的過去時間狀語時，如：
He said, 「I went to college in 1994.」 ——>He told us that he went to college in 1994.
4）當直接引語中有以when, while引導的從句，表示過去的時間時，如：
He said，「When I was a child, I usually played football after school.」 ——>
He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.
5）當直接引語是客觀真理或自然現象時，如：
Our teacher said to us, 「Light travels faster than sound.」 ——>
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
6）當引語是諺語、格言時，如：
He said，「Practice makes perfect.」 ——>He said that practice makes perfect.
7）當直接引語中有情態動詞should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need時，如：
例如：
The doctor said, 「You'd better drink plenty of water.」 ——>
The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.
He said, 「She must be a teacher.」——> He said that she must be a teacher.
He said, 「She ought to have arrived her office by now.」——>
He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.
The teacher said, 「You needn't hand in your compositions today.」——>
The teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions.
She asked, 「Must I take the medicine?」——> She asked if she had to take the medicine.
〔注〕：此處用had to代替must更好
8）此外轉述中的變化要因實際情況而定，不能機械照搬，如果當地轉述，here不必改為there, 動詞come不必改為go，如果當天轉述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改變。如：
Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon.
Student : What did the teacher say, Monitor?
Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.
4、時間狀語、地點狀語及某些對比性的指示代詞和動詞變化
1）時間狀語：
直接引語 間接引語 直接引語 間接引語
now then tomorrow the next（following）day
today that day next week the next（following）week（month, year）
yesterday the day before two days ago two days before
last week （month, year） the week（month, year）before this week that week（month, year）
2）指示代詞：these 變成those
3）地點狀語：here變成there
She said, 「I won't come here any more.」——> She said that she wouldn』t go there any more..
4）動詞：come變成go，bring變成take
5、直接引語變成間接引語，句子結構的變化
1）陳述句。用連詞that引導，that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動詞可直用接引語中的said, 也可用told來代替，注意，可以說said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接說told that, 如：
He said, 「I have been to the Great Wall.」 ——>He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
He said, 「I'll give you an examination next Monday.」——>
He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可說told that）
此外主句中的謂語還常有：
repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如：
He said，「I'm late because of the heavy traffic.」——> He explained to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic.
如果間接引語是由that引導的兩個或兩個以上的並列從句，第一個連詞可以省略，以後的連詞一般不省略，以免混亂。
The doctor said, 「You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon.」——>
The doctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon.
2）直接引語為一般疑問句，（也稱是否疑問句，）間接引語用連詞whether或if引導，原主句中謂語動詞said要改為asked（me/him/us等），語序是陳述句的語序，這一點非常重要。
He said, 「Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?」——>
He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.
He said, 「You are interested in English, aren't you?」——>
He asked whether I was interested in English.
3） 直接引語為選擇疑問句，間接引語用whether…or…表達，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…. 如：
He asked, 「Do you speak English or French?」——>
He asked me whether I spoke English or French..
I asked, 「Will you take bus or take train?」——>
I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.
4）直接引語為特殊疑問句，改成間接引語時，原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞，主句的謂語動詞用ask（sb.）來表達，語序改為陳述句語序。如：
He asked，「What's your name?」——> He asked（me）what my name was.
He asked us, 「How many car factories have been built in your country?」——>
He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.
5）直接引語為祈使句時，改為間接引語，用帶to的不定式表達，謂語動詞常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句變成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句轉變），並且在不定式短語中的時間狀語、地點狀語、人稱及時態都作相應的變化。如：
He said，「Be seated, please.」——> He asked us to be seated.
「Do be careful with your handwriting.」 He said. ——>
He told me to be careful with my handwriting.
「Never come here again!」 said the officer nearby. ——>
The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again.
「Don't touch anything in the lab without permission,」 the teacher said. ——>
The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission.
6）有些含有「建議」——>、「勸告」——>的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等動詞轉述，如：
He said, 「Let's have a rest.」——> He suggested our having a rest.
He said, 「Let me help you.」——> He offered to help me.
7）當直接引語形式上是疑問句，有表示請求，建議意義時，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式轉述。如：
「Would you mind opening the door?」 he asked. ——>He asked me to open the door.
「Why not going out for a walk?」 he asked us. ——>
He advised us to go out for a walk. 或He suggested we go out for a walk.
8）直接引語是感嘆句時，變間接引語可用what或how引導，也可用that引導，如：
She said, 「What a lovely day it is!」——> She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lovely day.
『玖』 英語語法中，直接引語與間接引語的時態變化
一般現在時--一般過去時
現在進行時--過去進行時
一般將來時--過去將來時
一般過去時--過去完成時
現在完成時--過去完成時
過去完成時--過去完成時
『拾』 英語語法： 直接引語和間接引語 該語法中說明如果直接引語中所講述的內容為客觀事實等，改為間接引語時，
He told me that he could speak English.
He said (that) he could speak English.
這個不是客觀真理或事實, 月亮圍著地版球轉權才是.