『壹』 與英語相比，現代漢語的語法特點有哪些
中文可以不要主語也是一句話，可英語不行
英語永遠要把時間，地點放在句子的最後說，漢語就不需要
『貳』 商務函電英語的語法特點
很多哦，注意眼睛！
一. 商業書信常用開頭語 Opening Phrases & Sentences Generally Used In Business Letters
（1）特此奉告等
To inform one of; To say; To state; To communicate; To advise one of; To bring to one's notice (knowledge); To lay before one; To point out; To indicate; To mention; To apprise one of; To announce; To remark; To call one's attention to; To remind one of; etc.
1. We are pleased to inform you that
2. We have pleasure in informing you that
3. We have the pleasure to apprise you of
4. We have the honour to inform you that (of)
5. We take the liberty of announcing to you that
6. We have to inform you that (of)
7. We have to advise you of (that)
8. We wish to inform you that (of)
9. We think it advisable to inform you that (of)
10. We are pleased to have this opportunity of reminding you that (of)
11. We take the advantage of this opportunity to bring before your notice
12. Please allow us to call your attention to
13. Permit us to remind you that (of)
14. May we ask your attention to
15. We feel it our ty to inform you that (of)
（2）為(目的)奉告某某事項
1. The purpose of this letter is to inform you that (of)
2. The purport of this line is to advise you that (of)
3. The object of the present is to report you that
4. The object of this letter is to tell you that
5. By this letter we Purpose to inform you that (of)
6. Through the present we wish to intimate to you that
7. The present serves to acquaint you that
（3）惠請告知某某事項，等
1. Please inform me that (of)
2. Kindly inform me that (of)
3. Be good enough to inform me that (of)
4. Be so good as to inform me that (of)
5. Have the goodness to inform me that (of)
6. Oblige me by informing that (of)
7. I should be obliged if you would inform me that (of)
8. I should be glad if you would inform me that (of)
9. I should esteem it a favour if you would inform me that (of)
10. I will thank you to inform me that (of)
11. You will greatly oblige me by informing that (of)
12. We shall be obliged if you will inform us that (of)
13. We shall be pleased to have your information regarding (on, as to; about)
14. We shall deem it a favour if you will advise us of
15. We shall esteem it a high favour if you will inform us that (of)
（4）特確認，本公司某月某日函件等
1. We confirm our respects of the l0th May
2. We confirm our letter of the l0th of this month
3. We confirm our last letter of the l0th June
4. We had the pleasure of writing you last on the l0th of this month
5. We confirm our respects of the l0th June
6. We confirm the remarks made in our respects of the l0th July
7. We confirm the particulars of our enquiry by telephone of this morning
8. In confirming our telegram of this morning, --
9. Confirming our respects of the 10th May,---
10. Confirming our last of the 10th June,---
（5）貴公司某月某日函電，敬悉等
l. We have pleasure in acknowledging receipt of your esteemed favour of the 3rd May
2. We are pleased to acknowledge receipt of your favour of the lst June
3. We have to acknowhedge receipt of your favour of the 5th July
4. Your letter of May 5 was very welcome
5. Your letter of April l0 gave me much pleasure
6. Your esteemed favour of 7th May was ly received by us
7. Your favour of the 5th June is ly to hand
8. Your favour of the l0th is to (at) hand
9. We are in e receipt of your favour dated the 7th June
10. We are in receipt of your letter of the 7th July
11. We are in possession of your letter of the 5th April
12. We have ly received your favour of the 5th March
13. Your letter of yesterday's date is ly to (at) hand
14. Your esteemed communication of yesterday's date is just to (at) hand
15. We thank you for your favour of the 5th May
16. We are obliged for your letter of the 5th May
17. Many thanks for your latter of the 5th June
18. Very many thanks for your letter of May 5
19. In acknowledging receipt of your letter of the 5th June, ...
20. Your favour of the 5th May has just reached me
21. Your favour of the 5th May is ly received
22. Your favour of the 5th May is now before me
23. Your promised letter under date (of) the 5th June has just reached us
（6）特回答貴公司某月某日函所敘述有關事項等
1. I have the pleasure of stating, in answer to your inquiry of the 4th inst, that
2. In reply to your letter of the 5th of May, I have to inform you that (of)
3. I hasten to answer your inquiry of the l5th May, by stating that
4. We are in receipt of yours of the 5th June, in reply to which we are pleased to state that
5. In reply to yours of the l0th May, relative to..., I would say that
6. I am in receipt of your favour of the 7th May, and in response I inform you that (of)
7. In response to your letter of l0th May, I wish to say that
8. In answer to your favour of the 5th May regarding... I reply as follows:
9. Answering your letter of the 8th of February re..., I would say that
10. In reply to your letter of February 8th, I inform you that (of)
11. Replying to yours of the 8th of February regarding..., I would say that
12. Replying to your favour under date of February 8th re..., I say that
（7）非常遺憾，我們奉告您關於，等。
l. We regret to inform you that (of)
2. We are sorry to have to draw your attention to
3. We regret to have to say that
4. We regret to advise you that
5. We very much regret to announce you that
6. It is most regrettable that we have to inform you that (of)
7. It is with our greatest regret that we must inform you that (of)
8. To our greatest regret we must herewith inform you that (of)
9. It is a matter for regret that I have to inform you that (of)
10. It is to be regretted that I must inform you that (of)
11. It is with regret and reluctance that we have to inform you that (of)
12. It gives us a deep sorrow that we have to announce you that
13. It causes me much sorrow to have to say that
14. I feel sorry for having to announce you that
15. I express my sorrow for announcing you that
（8）當我們得悉……甚為遺憾等。
1. We are very sorry to hear (know) that
2. we are grieved to hear of (about)
3. We are indeed sorry to hear that
4' We very much regret to hear that
5. We regret to hear of (that)
6. It is with great regret that we just learn that
7. Much to our regret we have heard that
8. We regret to receive your information re
9. We regret that we have been informed that (of)
10. To our deep regret we were informed that (of)
（9）我們對於您某月某日來函的詢價，深表謝意等。
1. We thank you very much for your inquiry of the l0th of May
2. I thank you for your inquiry of the 10th May
3. We are very much obliged by your enquiry dated the 10th May
4. We are indebted to your inquiry under date (of) the 10th May for
5. I thank you for your inquiry of July 10
6. Thanks for your kind enquiry of May 5
（10）茲函附某某，請查收，等。
1. Enclosed please find
2. Enclosed we hand you
3. We enclose herewith
4. Herewith we have the pleasure to hand you
5. We have pleasure in enclosing herewith
6. We take the liberty to enclose herein
7. We are pleased to enclose herewith
8. We are pleased to hand you enclosed
（11）遵照某月某日來函指示，等。
1. In accordance with the instructions given (contained) in your favour of the 10th May
2. According to the directions contained in yours of the 6th May
3. According to the instructions given in your letter under date of the 10th of last month
4. In conformity with (to) your instructions of the l0th ult.
5. Pursuant to your instructions of May 10
（12）關於詳情，下次敘述，等。
1. I will write you particulars in my next.
2. Particulars will be related in the following.
3. I will relate further details in the following.
4. I will inform you more fully in my next.
5. I will go (enter) into further details in my next.
（13）如下列所記，如附件所述，等。
1. As stated below,
2. Annexed hereto,
3. Attached you will find...
4. As shown on the next page
5. As indicated overleaf（下頁，背面）
6. As at foot hereof,
7. Sent with this,
8. As the drawings attached,
9. As shown in the enclosed documents,
10. As already mentioned,
11. As particularized on the attached sheet,
12. As detailed in the previous letter,
（14）因電文不太明確……，等。
1. Your telegram just received is quite unintelligible.
2. Please repeat your wire on receipt of this, stating your meaning more clearly.
3. Your telegram is not clear; explain the third and fourth words.
4. Your telegram is unintelligible; repeat more fully in plain language.
5. Your cable is not clear, repeat, using the codes agreed upon (on).
6. We cannot understand your telegram; state the code used and which edition.
7. Your telegram is not signed with cipher as agreed on; confirm if correct.
8. We cannot trace the code you used; please repeat the telegram in plain words.
9. Your telegram is too short to be understood. Please repeat it more fully.
l0. The telegram was vague (pointless), and they requested them to explain in plain words.
二. 商業英文書信常用結束語Closing Phrases & Sentences Generally Used in Business Letters
（1）我們盼望於近日內接獲回信，等。
1. We hope to receive your favour at an early date.
2. We hope to be favoured with a reply with the least delay.
3. We await a good news with patience.
4. We hope to receive a favourable reply per return mail.
5. We await the pleasure of receiving a favourable reply at an early date.
6. We await the favour of your early (prompt) reply.
7. A prompt reply would greatly oblige us.
8. We trust you will favour us with an early (prompt) reply.
9. We trust that you will reply us immediately.
10. We should be obliged by your early (prompt) reply.
11. Will your please reply without delay what your wishes are in this matter?
12. Will you kindly inform us immediately what you wish us to do.
13. We request you to inform us of your decision by return of post.
14. We are awaiting (anxious to receive) your early reply.
15. We thank you for the anticipated favour of your early reply.
16. We should appreciate an early reply.
17. We thank you in anticipation of your usual courteous prompt attention.
18. We thank you now for the courtesy of your early attention.
19. We hope to receive your reply with the least possible delay.
20. Kindly reply at your earliest convenience.
21. Please send your reply by the earliest delivery.
22. Please send your reply by messenger.
23. Please reply immediately.
24. Please favour us with your reply as early as possible.
25. Please write to us by tonight's mail, without fail.
26. May we remind you that we are still awaiting your early reply.
27. May we request the favour of your early reply?
28. A prompt reply would help us greatly.
29. A prompt reply will greatly oblige us.
30. Your prompt reply would be greatly appreciated.
31. Your prompt attention to this matter would be greatly esteemed.
32. We look forward to receiving your early reply.
33. We thank you now for this anticipated courtesy.
34. As the matter is urgent, an early reply will oblige.
35. We reply on receiving your reply by return of post.
『叄』 這個英語語法特點怎麼分析
like 介詞短語構成狀語 像什麼一樣
後面用了兩個定語從句修飾前面的先行詞those.
句子主幹是：only those will find theirendeavours successful。
『肆』 什麼是英語的語法特徵
答：與漢語相比，英語是拼音文字，構成其單詞的其本單位字母按一定的規則成線性排列。
原來你問的是英語語法特徵，這個題目太大，做論文都嫌大！
『伍』 從類型學看漢語與英語的語法特點有什麼區別
1 首先說時態 中文是用副詞以及虛詞來說明的，但是英語是用結構的
比如版i have had my coat cleaned 中文 我洗好了權我的大衣
不管是你在洗還是洗好了，你用的都是洗，而用「了」來表示動作已經完成，而英語顯然不是這樣的
2 其次，詞性與在句中充當的成分
比如 中文的「發展」可以當動詞，可以在中文中當主語，當謂語
但是develop只能在句中當動詞使用 也就是基本英文里你是什麼詞性和句中成分基本一一對應的，但是中文不是
個人認為這兩個是最大的區別，別的語序之類的都還好。語序其實就牽扯到de 's這種，一個是從前往後，一個是從後往前。
『陸』 同英語相比，現代漢語語法的特點
英語是世界上所有語言中影響最大、研究最深入的，也是許多中國人從小就接觸和學習的第二語言。我們對英語語法特點的熟悉掌握不亞於漢語。這兩種語言的語法特點存在著明顯的差別。我們可以通過對他們的幾個方面的具體比較來分析漢語的語法特點，一方面印證前人的成果，另一方面加深我們對漢語語法特點的理解。 缺少嚴格意義上的形態變化是漢語語法不可爭辯的事實。這在英漢對比中表現最為突出。（一）英語的名詞有單復數的用法，例如：shop—shops，house—houses，city-cities③，而漢語沒有；（二）英語中名詞的主格、賓格、所有格有特定的形式來表示，例如：I、me、my/he、him、his/Tom』s④,而漢語名詞主格、賓格完全一樣，所有格式最後面加「的」，沒有明顯的形式上的變化；（三）英語中用特地的形式來表示性、數一致，例如：We help him./She helps him.⑤而漢語不區別性、數；（四)英語用不同動詞形式表示不同的時態。例如:I will go out./I went out just now.⑥漢語動詞沒有這種形勢變化；(五)英語的比較級、最高級用給形容詞加-er，est來構成，漢語採用介詞、程度副詞來構成，形容詞沒有形式上的變化。這種漢語沒有，英語有的形式變化很有很多，這里不一一舉例。當然，我們常常把漢語中的「重疊」，「老、小、子、兒」等視為前後綴，把助詞「著、了、過」以及表復數的「們」看作是漢語的廣義形態那樣具有強制性，所以我們說漢語「缺乏嚴格意義上的形態變化」。 正因為漢語沒有嚴格意義上的形態變化，要表達特定的語法意義，主要依靠次序和虛詞。我們可以通過英漢實例比較來看漢語這一語法特點。（一）例如：「她很不好。」「她不很好。⑦」「不」的位置不同，表達的意思就不一樣，而在英語中由於有豐富的形態變化，可以不依靠詞序表達語法意義，例如：Standing at the top of the hill，we can see the whole city./We cansee the whole city，standing at the top of the hill.⑧盡管詞序不同，兩句表達的意思完全一樣。(二)虛詞是漢語表示語法關系的重要手段，所用虛詞不同，語法關系自然不同，在「我吃著香蕉」，「我吃了香蕉」中，「著」表示動作正在進行，「了」表示動作已經完成，由於虛詞「著」與「了」的不同，語法意義也不相同。英語表達不同的語法關系和語法意義主要依靠形態變化，我們可將上述兩個句子譯成英語「I am eating the banana.」「Ihave eaten the banana.」⑨，兩種不同的語法意義是由動詞的不同形態表示出來的。 漢語的量詞十分豐富，有數詞修飾名詞的時候，中間必須有量詞，組成數量短語，修飾或限定名詞。此外，漢語有語氣詞，用在句子末尾表示種種語氣。這兩個語法特點都是漢語有而英語沒有的。漢語中不同的名詞所用的量詞也往往不同，例如：「一個人」、「一頭牛」、「一支筆」、「一片葉子」、「一本書」⑩，除了這些，根據名詞的不同還有很多不同的搭配，而且現代漢語除了傳統的量詞之外，還可以隨時借用動詞、名詞做量詞，例如：「一絲白發」、「一抹陽光」、「幾縷情思」、「一線希望」⑾等。但是這些量詞只是動詞、名詞的活用，在英語中也存在這種活用現象，例如：a glass of water,four cups of tea，⑿因此我們不能把臨時的活用看作是真正的量詞，英語沒有量詞，表示數量時考的是詞形的變化，例如：a pen，two pens.⒀漢語的數量短語也常常跟在動詞後面作補語，表示動作行為的單位，例如：「走一趟」，「吃一頓」，英語沒有這種語法特點。語氣詞也是漢語獨有的，表示陳述語氣的有「的」「了」，表示疑問語氣的有「嗎」「呢」，表示祈使語氣的有「吧」，表示感嘆語氣的有「啊」，例如：「你出去玩了嗎？」「多美啊！」「他呢？」「你跟我來吧！」「知道
了！」⒁英語沒有這些語氣詞，他表示語氣靠的是語調，所以許多來自英語國家的外國人在學習漢語的時候常常被語氣詞搞得不知所措，不知道到底怎麼用，要麼用錯，要麼忘記用。 英語的詞類和句法成分之間對應很整齊，名詞作主語、賓語，動詞作謂語，形容詞作定語，副詞作狀語，每一類詞都必須出現在自己該出現的位置上，不能夠隨便越位去充當其他句法成分，要想充當其他句法成分，必須通過構詞法手段，改變自身的形態，使自己具有某類詞的性質，例如：He reads a book./the reading room.⒂「read」是一個動詞，當它作定語時，它必須加-ing，變成另外一種形式。漢語則不然，它的某一類詞往往可以作多種句法成分，詞形和詞性不發生變化，例如：「她穿了一件漂亮的裙子。」'人人喜歡漂亮。」「漂亮是每個女孩子追求的目標。⒃」「漂亮」是一個形容詞，但它卻既能做定語，又能作賓語，還能作主語，詞形不變，它具有多種功能。可見漢語詞類和句法成分之間不存在簡單的一一對應關系。 漢語句子的構造原則跟片語的構造原則基本上是一致的，片語成片語，詞和片語組成句子，都有諸位、動賓、補充、偏正、聯合五種基本語法結構關系，例如片語「陽光燦爛」和句子「我愛大自然」都是主謂結構。片語加上表示語氣的標點就可以構成一個句子。而且漢語詞的構造也遵循這一基本原則，例如詞「心酸」也是主謂結構。英語句子的謂語部分必須由限定式動詞充當，包孕在句子中的子句也可以像獨立的句子一樣由限定式的動詞作謂語，但片語則不用限定式動詞，即句子和子句的構造原則不同於片語的構造原則。例如：Arriving at the construction site，the workers set down to work at once./Surrounded by a group of boys，the teacher walked into theclassroom.⒄我們可以清楚地看到這兩個句子前半部分的片語構造原則不同於後半部分句子的構造原則。特別值得提及的一點是，主謂結構可以做謂語是漢語語法一個明顯的特點，英語中沒有這種可能，主謂結構只能是句子，顯然這源於英語片語、句子構造原則的不一致。 通過英漢對比，我們清楚地看到了他們幾個方面的明顯差別，也加深了對漢語語法特點的認識。目前，漢語語法的研究更加深入，理論、方法呈現多元化，研究的領域也不斷得到擴展。漢語的語法特點構成了一個五彩繽紛、琳琅滿目的世界，有待我們進一步探索，開掘出更多的「寶藏」。
『柒』 英語中可數名詞與不可數名詞的區別及語法特點是什麼
可數名詞來和不可數名詞在很自多方面都不同。
顧名思義，可數名詞後面可以加s,變為復數；而不可數名詞只有一種形式。
可數n前可以加a,an, many等；不可數名詞前不能加a,an,和many
可數名詞做主語謂語也要用復數；不可數n做主語謂語用單數。
如：A lot of friends come.
A lot of money was stolen.
上例中a lot of即可跟可數n也可跟不可數n,還有some, plenty of也如此
『捌』 英語中可數名詞與不可數名詞的區別及語法特點是什麼
可數名詞和不可數名詞在很多方面都不同.
顧名思義,可數名詞後面可以加s,變為內復數；而不可數名詞只有一容種形式.
可數n前可以加a,an,many等；不可數名詞前不能加a,an,和many
可數名詞做主語謂語也要用復數；不可數n做主語謂語用單數.
如：A lot of friends come.
A lot of money was stolen.
上例中a lot of即可跟可數n也可跟不可數n,還有some,plenty of也如此